The explanation is as follows:
The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rules are a standard procedure in organic chemistry for naming a molecule's stereoisomer completely and unequivocally. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules, also known as the CIP system or CIP conventions, are a set of rules used in organic chemistry to identify a molecule's stereoisomers. A molecule can have any number of stereocenters and double bonds, and each one can have two different configurations.
According to Markovnikov's rule, when an asymmetrical reagent is added to an asymmetrical alkene, the negative half of the reagent will attach to the carbon atom with the fewest hydrogen atoms. According to the Markovnikov rule, the hydrogen atom with the most hydrogen substituents is attached to the carbon atom. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon atom with the fewest hydrogen substituents, according to the Anti Markovnikov rule.
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22.6 grams of mercury ii nitrate, hg(no3)2 reacts with an excess of potassium, k. how many grams of mercury is formed? the other product is potassium nitrate, kno3.
Mass = 14.0 g of mercury is formed, 22.6 grams of mercury nitrate, hg(no3)2 reacts with an excess of potassium, k.
An inorganic substance with the formula Hg(NO3)2xH2O is mercury nitrate. Hot, concentrated nitric acid is used to process mercury to create it. By using X-ray crystallography, neither anhydrous nor monohydrate have been verified. The drug might have an impact on the kidneys, peripheral nervous system, and central nervous system. Ataxia, tremors. Given data: Mass of mercury nitrate = 22.17 g, Mass of mercury formed = ?
Solution:
Chemical equation:
Hg(NO₃)₂ + 2K → 2KNO₃ + Hg
Number of moles of mercury nitrate:, Number of moles = mass/molar mass, Number of moles = 22.17 g / 324.6 g/mol, Number of moles = 0.07 mol, Now we will compare the moles of Hg(NO₃)₂ and mercury.
Hg(NO₃)₂ : Hg
1 : 1
0.07 : 0.07
Mass of mercury: Mass = number of moles × molar mass, Mass = 0.07 mol × 200.6 g/mol
Mass = 14.0 g
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An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be basic. The solution is weakly conducting compared with a solution of NaCl of the same concentration. Which of the following substances could the unknown be:NaOHCH3COCH3NH3H3PO3HNO3
H₃PO₃ could be the unknown substance.
NaOH and NH₃are all basic so they must not be the unknown solute since the solution is acidic.
CH₃COCH₃ is a nonelectrolyte, which means it does not dissociate into ions when it dissolves in water. Acetone must not be the unknown since the solution is weakly conducted.
The two remaining candidates, HNO₃ and H₃PO₃ are both acids. The unknown solution does not conduct electricity as well as a solution of NaCl of the same concentration, which means that the unknown acid must not dissociate to the same extent as NaCl. Both NaCl and HNO₃ (a strong acid) dissociate 100%. Thus, the unknown solute must be H₃PO₃, which is known to be a weak acid (doesn't dissociate 100%).
What is the H3PO3 name?
Phosphorous acid (or phosphonic acid (singular)) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3. This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not tricrotic as might be suggested by this formula.
What are the two colors of litmus paper?
Litmus paper is a strip of paper extracted from lichens, which is dipped into a solution to determine if it is an acid or base. Litmus papers are available in two colors, red and blue. Acidic solutions will change the color of the blue litmus to red strips.
Thus, the unknown substance is H3PO3.
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Complete the mechanism for the given reaction by adding the missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows. Do not delete any pre-drawn bonds, charges, or lone pairs. If you accidentally delete a vital part of the structure, use the undo button on the lower left of the drawing canvas.
The mechanism for the given reaction is illustrated in the attached picture by adding the missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows.
Organic Reaction Mechanism
An organic reaction mechanism is typically represented by the designation of the overall reaction type (which may be substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, or rearrangement), the presence of any reactive intermediates, the nature of the reagent that initiates the reaction, the presence of any catalysis facilitated by a catalyst, and, finally, its stereochemistry.
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a 10.0 ml of 0.121 m h2so4 is neutralized by 17.1 ml of koh solution. the molarity of the koh solution is
10.0 ml of 0.121 m h2so4 is neutralized by 17.1 ml of Koh solution. the molarity of the Koh solution is: A balanced chemical equation is: H2SO4 + 2 KOH ---> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
Molar concentration is the degree of the concentration of a chemical species, especially of a solute in a solution, in phrases of amount of substance according to the unit extent of answer. In chemistry, the most generally used unit for molarity is the variety of moles in step with liter, having the unit image mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI unit.
Solution:-
H2SO4 + 2 KOH ---> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
Here:
M(H2SO4)=0.121 M
V(H2SO4)=10.0 mL
V(KOH)=17.1 mL
According to the balanced reaction:
2*number of mol of H2SO4 =1*number of mol of KOH
2*M(H2SO4)*V(H2SO4) =1*M(KOH)*V(KOH)
2*0.121*10.0 = 1*M(KOH)*17.1
M(KOH) = 0.1415 M
Answer: 0.1415 M
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Water and Air Masses
Air mass classification involves three letters. The first letter describes its moisture properties: continental air masses (c) and maritime air masses (m). The second letter is its source region: tropical (T), polar (P), arctic or Antarctic (A), monsoon (M), Equatorial (E), and superior (S) air. For instance, an air mass originating over the desert southwest of the United States in summer may be designated "cT"and an air mass originating over northern Siberia in winter may be indicated as "cA." The stability of an air mass may be shown using a third letter, either "k" (air mass colder than the surface below it) or "w" (air mass warmer than the surface below it).
PART A:In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content. Air masses cover many hundreds or thousands of miles, and adapt to the characteristics of the surface below them. Which statement INCORRECTLY describes air masses?
Responses
A Tropical air masses form near the equator and the air is warm.Tropical air masses form near the equator and the air is warm.
B Maritime air masses form over water and become dry as they lose water vapor to the water below it.Maritime air masses form over water and become dry as they lose water vapor to the water below it.
C Polar air masses form far from the equator where air becomes cool as it loses energy to the cold land or water.Polar air masses form far from the equator where air becomes cool as it loses energy to the cold land or water.
D Continental air masses form over land and are dry as it loses its moisture to the dry land below it.
PART B:When an air mass moves to a new region, it carries along its characteristic moisture and temperature. As the air moves over Earth’s surface, the characteristics of the surface begin to change the air mass. When a new air mass moves over an area, you can expect the weather to change. A front is a boundary between air masses. How would the weather change if a cold front moves into your area? All BUT ONE may apply.
Responses
A Weather changes rapidly.Weather changes rapidly.
B Temperatures drop.Temperatures drop.
C Rain is unlikely.Rain is unlikely.
D Wind becomes gusty.
In part A, the statement that incorrectly describes air masses is option C, Polar air masses form far from the equator where air becomes cool as it loses energy to the cold land or water.
Part B, the option that does not apply to the weather change if a cold front moves into an area at a front is option C, Rain is unlikely.
What happens when cold fronts move to a new region?When boundaries between air masses or cold fronts moves they cause changes to the weather, wind becomes gusty, heavy rain that sometimes come with hails and thunder as well as drop in temperature occurs.
Polar air masses are known to form only in areas with high latitudes and near the equator.
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the equilibrium gdp must be greater than the full-employment gdp. imports must exceed exports. aggregate expenditures are greater at each level of gdp than when net exports are zero or negative. some other component of aggregate expenditures must be negative.
At every level of GDP, total expenditures are higher than they are when net exports are zero or negative.
What is the connection between GDP at equilibrium and GDP at full employment?The GDP at equilibrium is the GDP at full employment. GDP at equilibrium exceeds GDP at full employment when there is an inflationary gap. The GDP at equilibrium is too large. Spending must be cut or taxes must be increased in order to close the deficit; both actions will result in lower GDP.
What does GDP at equilibrium equal?When total supply and total demand are equal, an economy is considered to be operating at its equilibrium level of income. In other words, it occurs when the GDP and the total expenditure are identical.
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draw the product formed when the following alkene is treated with either [1] hbr alone and [2] hbr in the presence of peroxides.'
Alkyl bromides are created when an alkene and HBr interact in the presence of factors such as heat, sunshine, or peroxides. A radical intermediate is used in this reaction to progress.
What is Alkene?
Alkenes, and ethene in particular, play a crucial role in the chemical industry. They are created during the cracking of the alkanes but are not present in significant amounts in crude oil. Like all hydrocarbons, alkenes burn in the presence of air to produce carbon dioxide and water. Ethene reacts violently in oxygen, making it ineffective as a fuel. Additionally, the alkenes are too useful for the production of plastics and many other compounds to be used as fuels in the chemical industry.
Compound A reacts with HBr to produce 2-bromohexane as a byproduct. 1-Bromohexane is created when component an interacts with HBr and peroxide.
In the absence of light, the carbocation intermediate is used to add HBr. In the presence of light, the radical intermediate is used to add HBr.
The result of component B reacting with HBr is 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane. 1-Bromo-2-methylcyclohexane is produced via the reaction of component b with HBr and peroxide.
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What’s the answer to this ?
Carbon Dioxide
Force: London
Sublime: -78.5 C
Hydrogen Fluoride
Force: dipole-dipole
Sublime: 19 C
Calcium Chloride
Force: ionic
Sublime: cannot sublime
Naphthalene
Force: London
Sublime: 80 C
Water
Force: hydrogen bond
Sublime: 0
most of the substances we use for fuel are hydrocarbons that burn easily in the presence of oxygen.which two elements are found in these substances?responseshydrogen and carbonhydrogen and carboncarbon and oxygencarbon and oxygenhydrogen and oxygen
We use for fuel are hydrocarbons that burn easily in the presence of oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon elements are found in these substances. These fossil fuels are found in the Earth’s crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.
What is fossil fuel?
Fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing substance formed naturally in the Earth's scab from the escapes of dead plants and animals that is liquid and burned as fuel. The major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas.
What is energy?
Energy is the quantitative possession that is changed to a body or to a physical system, identifiable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.
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Using VSEPR theory, predict the electron group geometry, molecular shape, and the bond angles in a molecule that contains 6 electron groups (5 bonds and 1 lone pair electrons).
a. octahedral, octahedral, 90°
b. octahedral, square planar, 90°
c. octahedral, square pyramidal, 90°
The electron group geometry is octahedral, the molecular shape is square pyramidal while the bond angles in the molecule 90°.
What VSEPR theory?We know that the VSEPR theory is the acronym that stands for the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory. This is the theory that states that the number of electron pairs that we have on the outermost shell of the central atom is what would tell us the electron group geometry of the compound.
On the other hand, when we are looking at the molecular geometry, we are going to put up our attention on the number of bonding groups that do surround the central atom of the molecule.
For the compound as we know it from the question that we have above, it is said that the molecule that contains 6 electron groups (5 bonds and 1 lone pair electrons). This implies that the molecular geometry would be different from the electron group geometry.
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which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions?
which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions?
intermolecular interactions are generally stronger.
intramolecular interactions are generally stronger.
these interactions are equally strong.
Intramolecular interactions are more stronger than intermolecular interactions.
The two types of forces that hold separate molecules and atoms together are intramolecular and intermolecular forces. The motion of atoms and molecules is governed by these forces. Intramolecular forces are those that hold the atoms together within a molecule. Chemical bonds are created as a result of these factors. Intermolecular forces are therefore substantially weaker than intramolecular forces.
When two atoms share electrons or give/take electrons from/to another atom, this is known as an intramolecular interaction. A covalent bond is referred to as when two atoms share electrons. Ionic bonds are created when one atom loses or gains an electron.
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a calorimeter is used to measure the combustion of 5.00 grams of h2 gas under 62.0 grams of water. the energy measured using the water was 4,432 j. what is the heat lost or gained by the total reaction?
The Negative sign indicate the loss of heat - 1.772 kJ / mol.
What is a calorimeter ?
A calorimeter is a tool used to gauge how much heat is generated during a chemical or physical process. For instance, when an exothermic reaction takes place in solution in a calorimeter, the heat generated by the reaction is absorbed by the solution, raising its temperature.
What is a moles?
The mole, which is denoted by the symbol "mol," is the volume of a system that includes as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon 12.
The energy measured using the water, Q = 4432 J The molar mass of H2 = 2 g/mol
The no. of moles in 5 g of H2, nH2 = mass / molar mass
nH2 = 5 / 2 nH2
= 2.5 mol
For 1 mol = 4432 J / 2.5 mol
= 1772.8 J /mol
= 1.772 kJ / mol
= - 1.772 kJ / mol.
Therefore, Negative sign indicate the loss of heat
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choose the molecule or compound that exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force. a) cl2 b) co c) hbr d) nacl
In addition to the London Dispersion Force, which is Cl2, the molecule or compounds CO, HF, and NaCl also possess additional intermolecular forces of attraction.
What are examples and compounds?a material created through the chemical bonding of two or more distinct components. Compounds include things like water, which is a combination of oxygen and hydrogen and salt, which is a combination of sodium and chloride. Table salt, water, and carbon dioxide are a few examples of compounds.
Which four sorts of compounds are there?Covalent bonds hold together molecules, ionic bonds hold together ions, metallic bonds hold together intermetallic compounds, and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together. Compounds that are not stoichiometric represent a contentious edge case.
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write the chemical formula of the gas produced when the following reactants are combined. h3po4 and fe2s3
The chemical formula of the gas produced when the following reactants are combined is H₂S ( hydrogen sulfide ).
The chemical reaction is given as :
Fe₂S₃ + H₃PO₄ ----> H₂S + FePO₄
to balance the chemical reaction the atoms in the reactant side equals to the atoms in the product side.
reactant product
Fe 2 2
S 3 1
H 3 2
P 1 1
O 4 4
to balance multiply the 2 in H₃PO₄ and 3 in H₂S and 2 in FePO₄ , we get the balanced chemical equation :
Fe₂S₃ + 2H₃PO₄ ----> 3H₂S + 2FePO₄
thus, the chemical equation is balanced. the chemical formula of gas is H₂S .
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to answer this question, you may reference the metabolic map . a fatty acid composed of 16 carbon atoms undergoes β‑oxidation. how many acetyl coa, fadh2, and nadh does β‑oxidation of this fatty acid generate?
8 acetyl-CoA molecule, 7 NADH molecules, with 7 FADH2 molecules are produced as a result of this.
What uses does carbon serve?Coal, gasses, and hydrocarbons are all utilized as fuels. It is used to create a variety of products, including plastic and steel alloys (a combination of carbon and iron). Even black ink for computers and painting is produced with it.
Who or what makes up carbon?The nucleus of a carbon atom is made up of six protons and six neutrons, and it is encased in six electrons. According to quantum physics, the first excited elements must occupy the innermost atomic orbit, while the wavefunctions of the following four electrons only partially fill the ii standard and 2 minute primary orbitals.
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2. what trend do you see in the speed of the reaction as you go down the column in a chemical family
Period. As you move first from left to the right, reactivity rises. Group reactivity diminishes from top to bottom.
What does the term "response" mean?Resistant or opposition to something like a source, influence, or motion is referred to as reaction, pronounced re-ak-shn. — particularly: a reaction to a particular procedure, circumstance, or stimulus; leaning more towards a past and typically antiquated societal or political system or policy.
What do the terms reaction and example mean?A response is an action that is taken as a result of anything. You can tell if your parent are upset if you tell them about want to relocate out by their response. A reaction frequently has a physical component.
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What are the conditions that cause hail to fall?
unstable air that move water droplets through layers of warm and freezing air repeatedly
stable moist air and layers of freezing air causing water drops to fall repeatedly through the layers
warm moist air circulating over a cold front, mixing water droplets with freezing air
a cold front moving over a freezing layer of air that causes droplets to freeze repeatedly
The conditions that cause hail to fall are unstable air that move water droplets through layers of warm and freezing air repeatedly. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is droplet ?The temperature determines whether water vapor will condense into droplets. The dew point is the temperature at which droplets begin to form. The atmospheric water vapor condenses to create tiny droplets on the surface when the temperature of the surface falls until it eventually reaches the dew point.
When a water droplet is lifted by an updraft from a thunderstorm over the freezing point of the atmosphere, hail is created. The super-cooled water or water vapor that the frozen water droplet accretes later freezes when it comes into contact with it. A hailstone grows as a result of this process.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Answer:
Explanation:
unstable air that move water droplets through layers of warm and freezing air repeatedly
a compound is composed of carbon and hydrogen and has an empirical formula of ch. the molar mass of the compound is experimentally determined to be 78.12 g/mol. what is the molecular formula for the compound?a compound is composed of carbon and hydrogen and has an empirical formula of ch. the molar mass of the compound is experimentally determined to be 78.12 g/mol. what is the molecular formula for the compound
Molecular formula=n×(empirical formula)
We take the given empirical formula, work out its mass, and then solve for n.
And thus the molecular formula ≡ (CH)6 or C6H6.
What is a chemical compound?
A chemical compound is a substance made of numerous similar molecules (or molecular entities) joined by chemical bonds and comprising atoms from various chemical elements. Therefore, a molecule made up of only one type of atom is not a compound.Chemical reactions, which may entail interactions with other molecules, can change a compound into a distinct substance. Atomic bonds may be shattered or new ones created during this process.Compounds can be divided into four main categories based on the bonds that hold their individual atoms together. Covalent bonds hold together molecules, ionic bonds hold together ions, metallic bonds hold together intermetallic compounds, and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together.To know more about chemical compounds, click the link given below:
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which elements can have expanded octets? which elements can have expanded octets? elements in the second row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets. elements in the third row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets. elements in the fourth row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets. elements in the fifth row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets.
Elements in 3rd row of periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets.
From one side of the periodic table to the next, properties of elements within a period change in a predictable way. Each period is represented by a horizontal row in the periodic table. The number of electron shells is the same for each atom in a line. As an element progresses through a period, it loses metallicity as a result of gaining electrons and protons. For elements in the same period, the number of electron shells is the same.
This arrangement takes into account the fact that as atomic number rises, similar features occur more frequently. From one side of the periodic table to the other, an element's properties shift in a predictable manner. Those who satisfy certain requirements are shown in a column.
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a diatomic element has six bonding electrons, six non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons. what is the bond order?
a diatomic element has six bonding electrons, six non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons. the bond order is the pairing of two atoms with those atoms.
This is an atomic-level phenomenon in which elements share electrons to fill their valence shells.
You can also combine two or more substances into a compound.
According to molecular orbital theory, the bond order is half the difference between the bonding and antibonding electrons.
Mathematically, bond order = 0.5 (number of bond electrons – number of antibond electrons)
element bond electrons = 6
element antibonding electrons = 2
difference = bond electron - antibond electron
= 6 - 2
= 4
bond order = (0.5)*(difference)
bond order = (0.5)*(4)
bond order = 2
The bonding order of diatomic elements is 2, with 6 bonding electrons, 6 non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons.
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Which of the following Lewis structures would be an incomplete octet? A) NF3 B) SO2 C) BCI3 D) CF4 E) SO3^2-
C) BCI3 is the Lewis structure would be an incomplete octet.
The octet refers to the eight electrons in the outermost shell of each atom. The boron trichloride forms an incomplete octet and hence it does not obeys octet rule.
The central atom boron forms three covalent compounds from the three outermost electrons in the atom. The reason for covalent bond is non-metal characteristic of each atom. The electron sharing occurs with chlorine. However, each chlorine has complete octet. Boron trichloride is an inorganic compound used in organic synthesis.
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For each of the following reactions, indicate if the equilibrium mixture contains mostly products, mostly reactants, or both reactants and products:
A. H2(g)+Cl2(g)⇄2HCl(g) Kc=1.3×1034
B. 2NOBr(g)⇄2NO(g)+Br2(g) Kc=2.0
C. 2H2S(g)+CH4(g)⇄CS2(g)+4H2(g) Kc=5.3×10−8
Indicate if the equilibrium mixture for each of the following reactions contains predominantly products, mostly reactants, or both reactants and products are reactants are dominating and lie to the left because Kc=1.
What are the basic reactions?Combination or synthesis, breakdown, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion are the five different types of generic chemical reactions.
What are 10 reactions examples?Oxidation, which results from a reaction caused by oxygen, is the process that causes rusting.Digestion. Acid-Base Reactions, Photosynthesis, Detergent and Soap Reactions, Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Reactions is a quarterly online publication from MDPI that is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal covering reaction chemistry and engineering.
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what is the change in the internal energy, in joules, of the system assuming there are no other changes (such as in temperature or by the addition of fuel)?
Assuming there are no other changes to the system, the change in internal energy is 0 joules.
This is because the internal energy of a system is a measure of the total amount of energy stored within the system. If there are no changes to the system, then the amount of energy stored in the system remains the same and thus the change in internal energy is 0 joules.
The Change in Internal Energy in a Closed SystemIs a unit of measurement used to determine the total amount of energy stored within a system. This amount of energy varies depending on the work done in the system, as well as the transferred between the system and its environment. When dealing with a closed system, i.e., a system that is not affected by any external change, the change in internal energy is zero.
This is because in a closed system, there is no work done and no heat transferred to the system. This means that the total amount of energy stored within the system does not change, so the change in internal energy is zero.
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at 25 °c, only 0.0220 mol of the generic salt ab3 is soluble in 1.00 l of water.what is the Ksp of the salt at 25 °c?ab3(s)↽−−⇀a3 (aq) 3b−(aq)
According to the given statement The solubility product Ksp of the salt at 25 °c is 6.31 x 10–6 .
What does "solubility product" mean?The equilibrium characteristic for the dissolution of a solid into an aqueous solution is known as the solubility product constant, abbreviated KSP or the Product In a particular. It is represented by Ksp. The solubility product, a sort of equilibrium variable, varies in value with temperature.
Briefing:Since 1.0 mol of the solid salt creates 1.0 mol of A+3 ion (cation) after dissolving in water, 0.022 mols of the salt will result in 0.022 mols of A+3 (direct proportion). [A+3] = 0.022 mols/liter, or 0.022 M, follows.
On the other hand, 3 mols of the B- anion will be produced from 1 mol of the solid salt. As a result, also by direct proportion, 3 x 0.022 = 0.066 mol of B- will be produced from 0.022 mols of the solid salt. Consequently, [B-] = 0.066 M
The Solubility Product, Ksp will finally be:
Ksp = [A+] [B– ]^3 = [0.022] [0.066]^3
So, Ksp = 6.31 x 10–6
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this question has multiple parts. work all the parts to get the most points. question content area when 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) is added in catalytic amounts to acetic anhydride and an alcohol, it significantly increases the rate of ester formation. the process begins with a reaction between acetic anhydride and dmap to form a highly reactive acetylpyridinium intermediate that is more reactive than acetic anhydride itself. for the reaction below:
4-Dimethylaminopyridine is the extended form of DMAP in chemistry. It boils at a temperature of roughly 162 degrees Celsius. A very little over 122 g/mol is the molecular weight.
What is nucleophilic substitution reaction?
When an electron-rich nucleophile replaces a leaving group by coming into touch with a positively charged electrophile, the process is known as a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Explanation:
Step 1: DMAP and acetic anhydride initially react in a state of pre-equilibrium.
Acetate and acetyl pyridinium ion pair are produced in the first step of the reaction. They both have high resonance stabilization.
Highly electronegative oxygen delocalizes in a structure with equal resonance energy.
Step 2:
DMAP is removed in the second stage when the alcohol that is present combines with the acyl carbon of the acetyl pyridinium to form the ester.
Acetate acts as a base to remove the proton from the alcohol by nucleophilically adding to the activated acyl pyridinium. The catalyst and the ester are produced as a result of the acetyl group's break with the catalyst. The resulting acetic acid will subsequently protonate the DMAP.
Step 3:
In the final stage of the catalytic cycle, the auxiliary base (unusual triethylamine Et N:or pyridine) deprotonated the protonate DMAP, reforming catalysis. The idea of a DMAP-dependent reaction rate is defined by catalepsies.
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When the halohydrin is treated with nah, a product of molecular formula c4h8o is formed. Draw the structure of the product and indicate its stereochemistry.
To make the leaving group and the nucleophile anti-periplanar to one another, the carbon-carbon bond is rotated. The epoxide is created by intramolecular SN2.
Examples of stereochemistry and what it is.The study of a molecule's three-dimensional structure is known as stereochemistry. The sole structural difference between the cis and trans isomers, which are types of stereoisomers, is where the atoms of the molecule are situated in three dimensions. These stereoisomers may differ in their chemical and physical characteristics.
What is stereochemistry in R and S?Stereocenters have a R or S designation: The enantiomers of a chiral substance are referred to by the terms "right hand" and "left hand" in naming.
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ingeborg is taking a benzodiazepine for gad. which description is least likely to apply to ingeborg's reaction?
Benzodiazepine is taken for GAD. The least likely description would likely to apply to Ingeborg’s reaction is: C. Therapeutic effects may be no stronger than those obtained with a placebo.
Which is better, benzodiazepine or placebo?Both benzodiazepine and placebo could help in treating GAD and other panic disorders in adults. Their therapeutic effects include anxiety reduction, maintenance of sleep, seizure prevention, and muscle relaxation. However, many authors and researchers agree that benzodiazepines are more effective and have a stronger effect than placebo. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
This question seems incomplete. The complete options of the query are as follows:
“Ingeborg is taking a benzodiazepine for GAD. Which description is least likely to apply to Ingerborg’s reaction?
a. GAD symptoms will begin to subside about 6 hours after beginning the drag.b. Side effects such as drowsiness and physical dependence will occur.c. Therapeutic effects may be no stronger than those obtained with a placebo.d. Lasting reductions in chronic worry will not be obtained.”Learn more about benzodiazepines here https://brainly.com/question/29734512
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Double Replacement Worksheet
If an aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (KCl) the precipitate is?
1. K(NO3)2.
2. KNO3.
3. No precipitate is formed.
4. PbCl.
5. PbCl2.
If an aqueous solution of lead ( II ) nitrate ( Pb ( NO₃ )₂ ) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride ( KCl ) the precipitate is PbCl₂. Therefore, option 5 is correct.
What is potassium chloride ?A metal halide salt made of potassium and chlorine is known as potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt). It looks like a white or colorless vitreous crystal and has no smell. The material easily dissolves in water, and its solutions taste salty.
Potassium nitrate and lead chloride are produced when aqueous KCl and lead nitrate ( Pb ( NO₃ )₂ ) combine. Because PbCl₂ is soluble in water but precipitates out, the metathesis reaction has taken place.
As a result, option 5 is correct.
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a gas mixture contains three components: 28 g co, 2.0 g h2 and 8.0 g of o2. if the gases are at stp, what are the partial pressures of each gas? what is the total volume?
Answer: 1. If temperature is constant, the relationship between pressure and volume is
a. direct
b. inverse
2. If pressure is constant, the relationship between temperature and volume is
a. direct
b. Inverse
3. One way to increase pressure on a gas is to
a. decrease temperature
b. increase volume
c. increase the number of gas particles
d. lower the kinetic energy of the gas molecules
4. How do gas particles respond to an increase in volume?
a. increase in kinetic energy and decrease in temperature
b. decrease in kinetic energy and decrease in pressure
c. increase in temperature and increase in pressure
d. increase in kinetic energy and increase in temperature
5. If pressure of a gas is increased and its volume remains constant, what will happen to its temperature?
a. increase
b. decrease
c. stay the same
6. If a gases volume is decreased and pressure is constant, its temperature will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain the same
7. If the temperature of a gas remains constant but pressure is decreased, the volume will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain the same
8. Convert 2.3 atm into mmHg.
a. 2300 mmHg
b. 1750 mmHg
c. 2.3 mmHg
d. 0.0030 mmHg
9. Convert 6.7 liters into milliliters.
a. 0.0067 mL
b. 0.0088 mL
c. 5092 mL
d. 6700 mL
Name __________________________
Date _______________ Block ______
2.3 atm 760 mmHg = 1748 mmHg so sig.fig. = 1750mmHg
1 atm
6.7 L 1000 mL = 6700 mL
1 L
10. The pressure of a gas is 750.0 torr when its volume is 400.0 mL. Calculate the pressure (in atm) if the
gas is allowed to expand to 600.0 mL at constant temperature. (760 torr = 1 atm)
a. 0.660 atm
b. 1.48 atm P1V1 =P2V2 (0.987 atm)(400.0 mL) = x (600.0 mL)
c. 500.0 atm 0.6579 atm = x
d. 1125 atm
11. The volume of a gas is increased from 150.0 mL to 350.0 mL by heating it. If the original temperature of
the gas was 25.0 °C, what will its final temperature be (in °C)?
a. 146°C
b. 10.7°C V1 = V2 150 mL = 350.0 mL x = 695.33 K - 273 = 422°C
c. 58.3°C T1 T2 298 K X
d. 422°C
e. 695°C
12. A gas exerts a pressure of one atm at standard temperature (273.0 K). What must the temperature be
adjusted to for the gas to exert a pressure of 4.00 atm? (Give your answer in °C)
a. -205°C
b. 68.3°C P1 = P2 1 atm = 4 atm x = 1092 K or 819° C
c. 819°C T1 T2 273K X
d. 1092°C
13. A quantity of gas has a volume of 250.0 liters at 17.0°C and 3.00 atm of pressure. To what volume must
the gas be increased for the gas to be under STP conditions?
a. 78.4 L d. 771 L P1V1 = P2 V2 3 atm 250.0 mL = 1 atm X
b. 88.5 L e. 797 L T1 T2 290 K 273 K
c. 706 L 706 mL = X
14. What are standard temperature and pressure conditions for gases?
a. 0°C and 0 torr
b. 0 K and 760 torr
c. -273°C and 1 atm
d. 0°C and 760 torr
e. 0°C and 1 torr
15. If the volume of a confined gas is doubled while the temperature remains constant, what change (if any)
would be observed in the pressure?
a. It would be half as large.
b. It would double.
c. It would be four times as large.
d. It would be 1/4 as large.
e. It would remain the same.
16. A given mass of gas in a rigid container is heated from 100°C to 500°C. Which of the following
responses best describes what will happen to the pressure of the gas?
a. The pressure will decrease by a factor of five.
b. The pressure will increase by a factor of five.
c. The pressure will increase by a factor of about two. (Don’t forget to convert to Kelvin)
d. The pressure will increase by a factor of about eight.
e. The pressure will increase by a factor of about twenty-five.
17. Which of the following has the most molecules? (Think PV = nRT; so n = PV n is moles
a. 1.00 L of CH4 at 0°C and 1.00 atm RT
b. 1.00 L of N2 at 0°C and 1.00 atm R and V are the same in each problem. So n = P
c. 1.00 L of O2 at 20°C and 1.00 atm T
d. 1.00 L of CO2 at 50°C and 1.25 atm
e. 1.00 L of CO at 0°C and 1.25 atm
18. Avogadro stated that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure
have equal
a. numbers of molecules.
b. numbers of grams.
c. molar masses.
d. atoms.
e. speeds.
19. What volume of CH4 at 0°C and 1.00 atm contains the same number of molecules as 0.50 L of N2
measured at 27°C and 1.50 atm?
a. 0.37 L
b. 0.46 L
c. 0.68 L
d. 0.50 L
e. 0.82 L
20. If 3.0 L of helium at 20.0°C is allowed to expand to 4.4 L, with the pressure remaining the same, what is
the new temperature?
a. 702 K
b. 430 K
c. 157 K
d. -30.0 K
e. -55 K
21. At what temperature will 41.6 grams N2 exerts a pressure of 815 torr in a 20.0 L cylinder?
a. 134 K
b. 176 K
c. 238 K
d. 337 K
e. 400 K
22. A mixture of the gases neon and krypton is in a 2.00 liter container. The partial pressure of the neon is
0.40 atm and the partial pressure of the krypton is 1.20 atm. What is the mole fraction of neon?
a. 0.20
b. 0.25
c. 0.33
d. 0.60
e. 0.80
23. Which of the following gases has the greatest density at 0°C and 1 atm?
a. N2 28 g/mol
b. 02 32 g/mol
c. F2 38 g/mol
d. Ne 20 g/mol
e. CO 28 g/mol
starting with... PV = nRT remember n = (mass / mw)
substitute and rearrange...PV = (mass/mw) RT and mass / V = mw x P / (RT)
how would you be able to distinguish an alcohol from a ketone when looking at the structure of these compounds? select all that apply.
The options, "1). The carbon signal from the carbon-oxygen bond in alcohol would have a low ppm value for its carbon- 13 NMR shift while the ketone carbon-oxygen signal would be at a much higher ppm value and 5) An alcohol would show hydrogen signals from its OH bond in the NMR spectrum while the ketone would not" are correct.
The carbon signal from the carbon-oxygen bond in alcohol is deshielded by the electron-withdrawing effect of the oxygen atom. This causes the signal to appear at a lower ppm value than the signal of carbon-oxygen bonds in ketones.
This is because the oxygen atom in ketones is slightly more electron-donating due to the inductive effect of the carbonyl group, thus resulting in a higher ppm value. In an NMR spectrum, alcohol will show a strong hydrogen signal from its OH bond due to the presence of hydrogen that can be easily shifted by an external magnetic field.
This signal will appear as a peak at a chemical shift of around 3.5 ppm. On the other hand, a ketone will not show a hydrogen signal from its OH bond in the NMR spectrum because it does not contain hydrogen that can be shifted by an external magnetic field.
Instead, the ketone will show signals from the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, as well as from the carbonyl carbon itself. These signals will appear as peaks at chemical shifts ranging from 0-12ppm.
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