Consider the reaction CH4(g) 2O2(g)CO2(g) 2H2O(g) Using standard thermodynamic data at 298K, calculate the entropy change for the surroundings when 1.62 moles of CH4(g) react at standard conditions.

Answer:

A) Decreasing solubility with increasing lattice energy.

B) Ionic compounds are more soluble in a polar solvent.

C) Increasing solubility with increasing enthalpy of hydration.

Explanation:

A) Lattice energy is the energy contained in the crystal lattice of a compound (mostly ionic). It is also the energy that would be released if the component ions were brought together from infinity to form the compound.

For a compound to dissolve, the solvation energy that the fluid would use to work on its ions must exceed the compound's lattice energy. Hence, the higher the lattice energy, the less soluble the compound would be.

B) The 'like dissolves like' law in dissolution is very true and applicable. The law explains that polar compounds will dissolve in polar solvents and not dissolve in non-polar solvents. Only non-polar compounds will dissolve in non-polar solvents.

Ionic compounds contain positive and negative ions, making them one of the most polar sets of compounds. So, they will easily dissolve in polar solvents.

C) Enthalpies of hydration of the cations and anions represent the total enthalpy of dissolution. This is the energy released when a compound undergoes hydration. A form of salvation of the ions, the enthalpy of hydration need to match or exceed the lattice energybof the compound For the compound to be soluble. Hence, the larger the enthalpies of hydration, the more likely the compound will be soluble.

Hope this Helps!!!

Answer:

1.) Option C is correct.

The rate of reverse reaction is greater than zero, but equal to the rate of the forward reaction.

2) Option B is correct.

The rate of reverse reaction is Greater than zero, but less than the rate of the forward reaction.

3) Option C is correct.

The rate of reverse reaction is Greater than zero, and equal to the rate of the forward reaction.

4) Option A is correct.

How much less C2H5CO2CH3 is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium? Zero.

Explanation:

HCH,CO2(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) ⇌ C2H,CO2CH3(aq) + H2O

1) Before the main product is removed from the reaction setup, the chemical reaction is at equilibrium.

Chemical equilibrium is a state of dynamic equilibrium such that the concentration of the reactants and the products do not always remain the same but the rate of forward reaction always matches the rate of backward reaction.

2) When 246. mmol of C2HCO2CH3 are removed from the reaction mixture....

And when one of the factors involved in chemical equilibrium changes, Le Chatellier's principle explains that the system then adjusts to remedy this change and takes time to go back to equilibrium again.

When one of the species involved in the chemical reaction at equilibrium, is removed from the reaction mixture, the rate of reaction begins to favour that side of the reaction until equilibrium is re-established.

So, when 246 mmol of one of the products is removed, the response is to cause the rate of forward reaction to be favoured to produce more of products as there are fewer, and the rate of reverse reaction at this moment becomes less than the rate of forward reaction.

3) The rate of the reverse reaction when the system has again reached equilibrium

Like I said in (2) above, the reaction remedies this change in concentration of one of the products until equilibrium is re-established and when chemical equilibrium is re-established the rate of forward reaction once again matches the rate of backward reaction.

4) How much less C2H5CO2CH3 is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium?

By the time equilibrium is re-established, the system goes back to how it all was and the concentration of C2H5CO2CH3 goes back to the same as it was at the start of the reaction.

Hope this Helps!!!

Answer:

See figure 1

Explanation:

In this question, we have to remember that a poor electron carbon is a carbon in which we have a positive charge, a carbocation. Therefore we have to start with the production of the carbocation. First, a double bond from the benzene is moved to the carbon in the top to produce a new double bond generating a positive charge in a carbon with ortho position (electron-poor). Then we can move another double bond inside the ring to produce a positive charge in the para carbon. Finally, we can move the last double bond to produce again another positive charge in the second ortho carbon.

See figure 1.

I hope it helps!

Answer:7.1

Explanation:

m1=v1

m2=v2

let m2 be x

4.0=450

x=800

cross multiply

4.0 x 800=450x

3200=450x

x = 3200/450

x=m2=7.1

Answer:

(a) [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2(s)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)[/tex]

(b) [tex]Na_3PO_4(s)\rightarrow 3Na^++PO_4^{3-}[/tex]

(c) [tex]Ca^{2+} \ and \ PO_4^{3-}[/tex]

(d) [tex]3Ca^{2+}(aq)+2PO_4^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s)[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the balanced dissolution reactions are:

(a) [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2(s)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)[/tex]

(b) [tex]Na_3PO_4(s)\rightarrow 3Na^++PO_4^{3-}[/tex]

Moreover, when calcium nitrate and sodium phosphate react a double displacement reaction occurs, forming calcium phosphate, which is actually the precipitate due to its low solubility in water, and sodium nitrate:

[tex]2Na_3PO_4(aq)+3Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 6NaNO_3(aq)+Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s)[/tex]

Thus, the precipitate is formed by:

(c) [tex]Ca^{2+} \ and \ PO_4^{3-}[/tex]

Finally, the net precipitation reaction shows the involved cation, anion and final product:

(d) [tex]3Ca^{2+}(aq)+2PO_4^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s)[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

Acid(BSA) = CH₃COOH

Base (BSB) = H₂O

Conjugate base (CB) = CH₃COO⁻

Conjugate acid (CA) = H₃O⁺

Explanation:

Equation of reaction;

CH₃COOH + H₂O → CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺

Hello,

From my understanding of the question, we are required to identify the

1) Acid

2) Base

3) conjugate acid

4) conjugate base in the reaction

Acid (BSA) = CH₃COOH

Base (BSB) = H₂O

CA = conjugate acid = H₃O⁺

CB = conjugate base = CH₃COO⁻

Answer:

[tex]Kb=6.16x10^{-7}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the pH of the base, we can compute the pOH as shown below:

[tex]pOH=14-pH=14-10.781=3.219[/tex]

Next, we compute the concentration of the hydroxyl ions when the triethanolamine is dissociated:

[tex]pOH=-log([OH^-])[/tex]

[tex][OH^-]=10^{-pOH}=10^{-3.219}=6.04x10^{-4}M[/tex]

Then, by writing the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of triethanolamine we have:

[tex]Kb=\frac{[OH^-][C6H14O2N^+]}{[C6H15O3N ]}[/tex]

That is suitable for the direct computation of Kb, knowing that based on the ICE procedure, [tex]x[/tex] equals the concentration of hydroxyl ions that was previously, computed, therefore, we have:

[tex]Kb=\frac{6.04x10^{-4}M*6.04x10^{-4}M}{0.592M-6.04x10^{-4}M}\\ \\Kb=6.16x10^{-7}[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

  1 kW

Explanation:

We assume the man's weight is measured in newtons. Then the power expended is ...

  (800 N)(15 m)/(12 s) = (12000 N·m)/(12 s) = 1000 N·m/s = 1000 W

The man's average power output is 1 kilowatt.

Answer:

5.62 g of F2

Explanation:

We have to start with the chemical reaction:

[tex]Cl_2~+~3F_2~-->~2ClF_3[/tex]

We have a balanced reaction, so we can continue with the mol calculation. For this, we need to know the molar mass of [tex]Cl_2[/tex]  (70.906 g/mol), so:

[tex]3.5~ g~Cl_2 \frac{1~mol~Cl_2}{70.906~g~Cl_2}=0.049~mol~Cl_2[/tex]

Now, with the molar ratio between [tex]Cl_2[/tex]  and [tex]F_2[/tex]  we can convert from moles of [tex]Cl_2[/tex]  and [tex]F_2[/tex]  (1:3), so:

[tex]0.049~mol~Cl_2\frac{3~mol~F_2}{1~mol~Cl_2}=0.148~mol~F_2[/tex]

Finally, with the molar mass of [tex]F_2[/tex] we can calculate the gram of [tex]F_2[/tex] (37.99 g/mol), so:

[tex]0.148~mol~F_2\frac{37.99~g~F_2}{1~mol~F_2}=5.62~g~F_2[/tex]

I hope it helps!

[tex]\text{GaBr}_3[/tex]

Answer:

X = -0.58377631 , 2.94771158Explanation:

Answer: Zn (s) |Zn2+ || Au1+| Au(s)

Explanation:

Answer:

H+/H3O , H2O

Explanation:

The ability to be a proton donor is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids. The Lewis definition of an acid is an electron pair acceptor, which covers molecules liKE BF3

The ability to accept a pair of electrons is what is common to all acids, not the ability to be a proton donor.

All acid solutions contain hydronium ions (H3O+), hydroxide ions (OH-) and water molecules. Each different acid solution will then have an anion that is exclusive to that acid. For example, hydrochloric acid solution will contain all of the above and chloride ions (Cl-).

All acids contain the acidic substance dissolved in water. Water naturally dissociates to a small amount, creating hydronium and hydroxide ions. But most of the water remains as water molecules.

Then when we add an acid, like HCl, the oxygen on the water attracts the hydrogen from the HCl. The electrons in the covalent bond remain with the chlorine, giving it a negative charge and thus it becomes the chloride ion (Cl-). The hydrogen now has a positive charge and as said before, is attracted to the water (specifically the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen) to create hydronium ions.

This creates extra hydronium ions, making the solution acidic. But remember, there are still water molecules, hydroxide ions and the negative ion all in solution for all acids.

Answer:

[tex][PCl_3]_{eq}=0.117M[/tex]

[tex][Cl_2]_{eq}=0.117M[/tex]

[tex][PCl_5]_{eq}=8x10^{-3}M[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for the given chemical reaction at equilibrium, we can write the law of mass action as shown below:

[tex]Kc=\frac{[PCl_3][Cl_2]}{[PCl_5]}[/tex]

That in terms of the ICE methodology is written by means of the change [tex]x[/tex] due to the reaction extent:

[tex]Kc=\frac{x*x}{[PCl_5]_0-x}[/tex]

Thus, we need to compute the initial concentration of phosphorous pentachloride:

[tex][PCl_5]_0=\frac{13.0g*\frac{1mol}{208.25g} }{0.500L} =0.125M[/tex]

So we write:

[tex]1.80=\frac{x^2}{0.125-x}[/tex]

That we solve via either solver or quadratic equation to obtain the solution:

[tex]x=0.117M[/tex]

Thereby, the equilibrium concentrations are:

[tex][PCl_3]_{eq}=x=0.117M[/tex]

[tex][Cl_2]_{eq}=x=0.117M[/tex]

[tex][PCl_5]_{eq}=0.125M-x=0.125M-0.117M=8x10^{-3}M[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

0.110625 g of Ni

Explanation:

The first step in solving this problem is to put down the accurate chemical reaction equation.

Ni(s) + 2HCl(aq) ---> NiCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Secondly, we obtain the amount of HCl that reacted from the information provided.

Volume of HCl (V)= 25 ml

Concentration of HCl (C)= 0.15 mol/L

Then, to find the number of moles of HCl (n);

n= CV

Substitution values

n= 25/1000 × 0.15

n= 3.75 ×10^-3 moles

Mass of 3.75 ×10^-3 moles of HCl = number of moles × molar mass

Molar mass of HCl= 36.5 gmol-1

Therefore;

Mass of HCl = 3.75 ×10^-3 moles × 36.5 gmol-1

Mass of HCl= 0.136875 g of HCl

Thirdly we determine the mass of Ni reacted;

If 1 mole of Ni reacted with 2 moles of HCl according to the reaction equation

Then x moles of Ni reacts with 3.75 ×10^-3 moles of HCl

x= 1 × 3.75 ×10^-3 moles/ 2

x= 1.875 × 10^-3 moles of Ni

Mass of Ni= 1.875 × 10^-3 moles of Ni × 59 gmol-1

Mass of Ni= 0.110625 g of Ni

Answer:

Explanation:

Hello,

We'll be doing some classification of some chemical substances based on molecules, elemental state or ionic or electrovalent properties.

A) Ag = atomic element : silver (Ag) in its elemental state is an atomic element.

B) Cd = atomic element : Cadmium (Cd) is an element of the periodic table and belongs to transition metal.

C) MgCl = ionic compounds: this is a compound formed between magnesium (Mg) and chlorine (Cl) to give MgCl. This compound has ionic or electrovalent properties since electron transfer occurred between the cation (Mg) and anion (Cl).

D) F₂ = moleculer element : Fluorine F₂ is moleculer element since two elements of fluorine combine together to form a molecule.

E) HI = molecular compound : this is a compound formed from the reaction between hydrogen and iodine. It's a molecular compound because they are two different elements combining together to form a compound.

F) NO₂ = molecular compound

G) NaCl = ionic compound

H) Cl₂ = molecular element

Answer:

9 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹  

Explanation:

Data:

  k = 1 × 10⁻³ L·mol⁻¹s⁻¹

[A] = 3 mol·L⁻¹

Calculation:

rate = k[A]² = 1 × 10⁻³ L·mol⁻¹s⁻¹ × (3 mol·L⁻¹)² = 9 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹

Answer:

2.7255 kg Fe

Explanation:

Based on the reaction of the thermite process:

2 Al(s) + Fe₂O₃(s) → Al₂O₃(s) + 2 Fe(l)

2.88kg of Al (Molar mass: 26.98g/mol) are:

2880g ₓ (1mol / 26.98g) = 106.7 moles Al

For a complete reaction of these moles of Al are necessaries:

106.7 moles Al ₓ ( 1 mol Fe₂O₃ / 2 moles Al) = 53.35 moles Fe₂O₃

As you have just 24.4 moles of Fe₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ is limiting reactant.

1 mole of Fe₂O₃ produce 2 moles of Fe.

Thus, moles of Fe produced are 24.4×2 = 48.8 moles of Fe.

As molar mass of Fe is 55.85g/mol, mass of Fe is:

48.8 moles Fe ×(55.85g / mol) = 2725.5g of Fe =

Answer: D. Chemical potential energy being converted to kinetic energy

Explanation: Batteries are chemical and that energy is converted into kinetic to make the hands on the clock move :) hope this helped!

Answer:

The value of Kp at this temperature is 7.44*10⁻³

Explanation:

Chemical equilibrium is established when there are two opposite reactions that take place simultaneously at the same speed.

For the general chemical equation for a homogeneous gas phase system:

aA + bB ⇔ cC + dD

where a, b, c and d are the stoichiometric coefficients of compounds A, B, C and D, the equilibrium constant Kp is determined by the following expression:

[tex]Kp=\frac{P_{C} ^{c} *P_{D} ^{d} }{P_{A} ^{a} *P_{B} ^{b} }[/tex]

Where Px is the partial pressure of each of the components once equilibrium has been reached and they are expressed in atmospheres. The equilibrium constant Kp depends solely on temperature and is dimensionless.

In the case of the reaction:

2 HI (g) ⇔ H₂ (g) + I₂ (g)

the equilibrium constant Kp is determined by the following expression:

[tex]Kp=\frac{P_{H_{2} } *P_{I_{2} } }{P_{HI} ^{2} }[/tex]

The system comes to equilibrium at 425 °C, and

Replacing:

[tex]Kp=\frac{0.0685*0.0685}{0.794^{2} }[/tex]

Kp=7.44*10⁻³

The value of Kp at this temperature is 7.44*10⁻³

Answer:

product won't form hydrogen bond with water

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]HI_(_a_q_)~+~NaHCO_3_(_a_q_)~->~NaI_(_a_q_)~+~H_2O_(_l_)~+~CO_2_(_g_)[/tex]

Explanation:

In this case, we will have a neutralization reaction. We have a base ([tex]HI[/tex]) and a base ([tex]NaHCO_3[/tex]). Additionally, we have a strong acid and a strong base, therefore both will be soluble on water, so we will have an aqueous state for these compounds. If we will have a neutralization reaction, we will have as a salt as a product. With this in mind the reaction would be:

[tex]HI_(_a_q_)~+~NaHCO_3_(_a_q_)~->~NaI_(_a_q_)~+~H_2O_(_l_)~+~CO_2_(_g_)[/tex]

All the sodium salts are soluble in water, therefore we will have an aqueous state. Water is a liquid and carbon dioxide is a gas.

I hope it helps!

Answer:

n=2 to n=4 < n=6 to n=8 < n=10 to n=12 < n=14 to n=16

Explanation:

According to Neils Bohr, electrons in an atom are found in specified energy levels. Transitions are possible from one energy level to another when the electron receives sufficient energy usually in the form of a photon of electromagnetic radiation of appropriate frequency and wavelength. The energy of this photon corresponds to the energy difference between the two energy levels. Thus the higher the energy difference between energy levels, the greater the energy of the photon required to cause the transition and the shorter the wavelength of the photon.

High energy photons have a very short wavelength. It should be noted that as n increases, the energy of successive energy levels decreases and transitions between them now occurs at longer wavelengths. Hence, the highest energy and shortest wavelength of photons are required for transition involving lower values of n because such electrons are closer to the nucleus and are more tightly bound to it than electrons found at a greater distance from the nucleus.

Hence transition involving electrons at higher energy levels occur at a longer wavelength compared to transition involving electrons closer to the nucleus. This is the basis for the arrangement of wavelengths required to effect the various electronic transitions shown in the answer.

Answer:

The volume of the ballon is 325L.

Explanation:

Boyle's law express that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. That means if the pressure increases, the volume decreases. The formula is:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Where P represents pressure and V volume of 1, initial state and 2, final state of the gas.

In the problem, the volume of the tank is 13.0L and the final pressure of the ballon is 1atm -The atmospheric pressure-. As 1atm of gas is in the ballon, the pressure of the tank is 26.0atm - 1.0atm = 25.0atm.

Replacing in Boyle's law expression:

25.0atm*13.0L = 1atmV₂

325L = V₂

The volume of the ballon is 325L.

Answer:

Volume of the gass will decrease by three times of the original volume

Explanation:

Volume is inversly propotional to the pressure applied on it.

Answer:

it is decreased to one third of its original volume

Explanation:

Answer:

3- gamma radiation

Explanation:

Hello,

In the above question, 4 of the options are related to polymerization which are

1. Synthetic polymer

2. Natural polymer

3. Condensation polymerization

4. Addition polymerization.

The first two options are types of polymer that exists while the last two are polymerization techniques.

The odd option here which is "gamma radiation" is a particle which is emitted from radioactive substances during decay. It has no mass and no charge but it is highly penetrating and dangerous to human health.

However,

Synthetic polymers are also known as man made polymers and they exist around us because they're present in materials which we use everyday. An example is polyethylene, nylon-6,6 etc

Natural polymers are compounds which are polymeric in nature (compounds catenating to form a complex molecule). Natrual occurring polymers can be found in proteins and some lipids.

Answer:

b. strong acid and weak base

Answer:

For an electron in 5p orbital

5,1,-1,+1/2

For an electron in 6d orbital

6,2,-2,+1/2

Explanation:

The term quantum numbers refers to a set of values that can be used to determine the region in space where it is likely to find an electron. This region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron is known as an atomic orbital. An atomic orbital is actually a wave function according to the Schrödinger wave equation.

There are four quantum numbers used in describing an atomic orbital: the principal quantum number (n), the orbital angular momentum quantum number also called azimuthal or subsidiary quantum number (l), the magnetic quantum number (ml), and the electron spin quantum number (ms).

For a 5p orbital;

n= 5, l= 1, ml= -1,0,1 ms= +1/2 or -1/2

For 6d orbital;

n= 6, l= 2, ml= -2,-1,0,1,2, ms= +1/2 or -1/2

Since we are requested to use a four quantum number description that can be assigned to an electron in these levels;

For an electron in 5p orbital

5,1,-1,+1/2

For an electron in 6d orbital

6,2,-2,+1/2

Answer and Explanation:

The computation of the energy or wavelength gamma rays observed is shown below:

Since the energy of gamma rays is higher than 0.10 MeV.

Now We have to calculate transitions in between the given levels of energy that correspond to this energy.

As per the given question, we have the following information

Ground state = E where E < 0.075 MeV

For  Level 1 = 0.075 MeV

For Level 2 = 0.320 MeV

For Level 3 = 0.475 MeV

Now we have to take the below transitions:

1. [tex]3 \rightarrow 2[/tex]

Difference of energy is

= 0.475 - 0.320

= 0.155 MeV

This represents  a gamma radiation

2. [tex]3 \rightarrow 1[/tex]

Difference of energy is

= 0.475 - 0.075

= 0.4 MeV

This represents  a gamma radiation

3. [tex]3 \rightarrow ground[/tex]

Difference of energy is

= 0.475 - E > 0.155 MeV

This represents  a gamma radiation

4. [tex]2 \rightarrow 1[/tex]

Difference of energy is

= 0.320 - 0.075

= 0.245 MeV

This represents  a gamma radiation

5. [tex]2 \rightarrow ground[/tex]

Difference of energy is

= 0.320 - E > 0.245 MeV

This represents  a gamma radiation

6. [tex]1 \rightarrow Ground[/tex]

Difference of energy is

= 0.075 - E < 0.10 MeV

This represents not a gamma radiation

We can see that there are 5 transitions that contain gamma rays

Answer:

[Ne]3s²

Explanation:

Mg

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2   or [Ne]3s²

Abbreviated electronic configuration of magnesium is [Ne]3 s² and in complete form it is 1 s² 2 s² 2 p⁶ 3 s².

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.

Learn more about electronic configuration,here:

https://brainly.com/question/13497372

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