What occurs during frameshift mutation?


A) Part of the chromosome breaks away, but reattaches normally.

B) Part of the chromosome breaks away, but reattaches in inverse orientation.

C) An extra chromosome is added, causing mismatching of the chromosome pairs.

D) There is a misreading of the base pairs during translation.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

C) An extra chromosome is added, causing mismatching of the chromosome pairs.

Explanation:

Mutation is any change, whether big or small, that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Mutation can be of different types depending on how it occurs.

According to the question, frameshift mutation is a mutation that causes the normal reading frame of the nucleotide sequence to be altered. It is caused when an extra chromosome is added (insertion) or when one chromosome is removed (deletion). In either way, there will be a mismatch or alteration in the chromosome pair, hence affecting the reading of the nucleotide sequence.

In frameshift mutation, the insertion or deletion causes the

normal CODONS (triplet nucleotide) to be missing or incomplete, hence, disrupts the manner at which the reading takes place (reading frame). Note, frameshift mutation only occurs as a result of insertion or deletion of chromosomes/bases that are not multiples of three that can maintain the normal reading pattern/frame.


Related Questions

Each of two parents has the genotype brown divided by red​, which consists of the pair of alleles that determine hair color​, and each parent contributes one of those alleles to a child. Assume that if the child has at least one brown ​allele, that color will dominate and the​ child's hair color will be brown. a. List the different possible outcomes. Assume that these outcomes are equally likely. b. What is the probability that a child of these parents will have the red divided by red ​genotype? c. What is the probability that the child will have brown hair color​?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

From the given information:

Each of two parents has the genotype brown divided by red​

So ;

The man's genotype is : [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}[/tex]

The woman's genotype is : [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}[/tex]

This [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}[/tex] genotype consist of the pair of alleles that determine hair color​

Now; we are given an assumption that:

if the child has at least one brown ​allele, that color will dominate and the​ child's hair color will be brown.

i.e Brown allele is dominant to Red allele

(a) List the different possible outcomes.

The cross between :

[tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}* \mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}}[/tex] will produce the following offsprings which is the different possible outcomes.

[tex]= \mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Brown} \ \ : \ \ \mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}} \ \ : \ \ \mathbf {\dfrac{Red}{Brown}} \ \ : \ \ \mathbf {\dfrac{Red}{Red} }}[/tex]

(b) . What is the probability that a child of these parents will have the red divided by red ​genotype?

The probability that the child of  these parents will have [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Red}{Red} }}[/tex] is one out of four

i.e

= 1/4

= 0.25

(c) What is the probability that the child will have brown hair color​.

We are being told that;  if the child has at least one brown ​allele, that color will dominate and the​ child's hair color will be brown.

i.e Brown allele is dominant to Red allele

Thus; from above we will see that three of the offsprings have at least one brown allele;

Thus; the probability  that the child will have brown hair color​ is = 3/4

= 0.75

The next morning your team returns to work in the laboratory, where you get a call from the sheriff. The family of the three missing boys is pressuring him for information. Your team begins the final osteological exam. After careful examination, you produce your final inventory. You are working with the same number of bones, but you now have determined which side of the body they come from (when applicable).
You have:_______.
• 3 skulls
• 6 femora (4 right and 2 left)
• 4 os coxae (All adolescent males, 1 right and 3 left)
• 2 humeri (both right)
• 2 tibiae (both left)
• 5 scapulae (3 right and 2 left)
1. Based on the revised inventory, would you change your MNI? If so, what would be the new MNI?
2. What do you tell the sheriff? Are these the missing boys?

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

1. Yes, the MNI ought to be changed in light of the revised inventory. Since 4 of the 6 femora are right sided, they would belong to different individuals, so the MNI would now be stated as 4.

2. The sheriff would be told that the possibility of suspecting 22 individuals is very narrow, though not impossible. It is also unlikely that the victims are numbered less than 4 in accordance to the bones found.

many people try to eliminate fat from their diet

Answers

Answer:

yes they do

Explanation:

they do because they don't want to be big chungus anymore, they want to be a skinny queen

Which factors affect the rate of photosynthesis select all that apply

Answers

Answer:

Limiting factors such as

Effect of temperature

Effect of light intensity

Concentration of carbon dioxide

These all factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis

Explanation:

I hope it will help you

Answer:

light intestity

rate of oxygen

carbon4oxide concentration

temperature

In a songbird species, defending a territory saved the bird 584 calories a day in reduced foraging activity, but cost the bird 656 calories in defense of the territory. Is defending the territory consistent with the prediction from optimal foraging theory, and what can explain this

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is "No, this is not consistent with the predictions on optimality".

Explanation:

The optimal foraging theory (OFT) establishes that an organism looks for the best foraging strategy, which involves maximizing the amount of energy that is available in its daily activities. In this case, the songbird species is not consistent with the predictions on optimality since it needs more calories than it intakes in order to defend its territory. In this scenario, the songbird will lose 72 calories per day.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? The three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the bilayer are acylation, prenylation, and GTPase anchors. Glycoproteins are always oriented so that the carbohydrate moieties are exoplasmic. Glycoproteins are the basis for blood type compatibility between donor and receiver. Movement of proteins from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic face of the lipid bilayer requires specialized transport proteins, often flippases.

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

the last one because it dosent provide anything

what is a spinal cord

Answers

Answer:

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure.

Explanation:

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer:

it is a tissue

Explanation:

305°
Find the distance CS, and the bearing of S from C.
1.2 km
Find
Х
3 ZXZY
29 cm
38 cm
WX
A
53°
Y
W
Z
47 cm
А
ABCD is a tetrahedron.
29°
16 cm
620
Work out the length of AC.
Work out the length of CD.
Given that BD = 17 cm, calculate angle BCD.
70°
B.
C
13 cm
FA TRIANGLE​

Answers

Answer:

13x657

Explanation:

fyfdtyerdjytiu

[tex]\int\limits^a_b {x} \, dx \left \{ {{y=2} \atop {x=2}} \right.[/tex]

20. Which action removes carbon dioxide from the body?
exhaling
sneezing
swallowing
inhaling

Answers

Answer:

exhaling

Explanation:

when inhaling oxygen is taken in and exhaling carbon dioxide is taken out

Answer:

exhaling

Explanation:

This is because exhaling is the process of removing carbon dioxide from the body .

In your own words, explain why the geological structures in Florida are less complex than the geological structures in Colorado.

Answers

Answer:

Different parts and regions have distinct features and characteristics.

Colorado is known to have lots of mountains. Florida is however a humid-subtropical region. This makes differences in the types of loving organisms found in the named region. There are also different ages in geological structures.

Colorado has lots of rocks in the region and is as result of the presence of rigid hills and mountains while Florida is more tropical and has a coastal processing climate with low prevalence of rocks.

Which statement regarding the "Krebs bicycle" is true? A) Ultimately, it results in the transport of NADH from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. B) The urea cycle and the citric acid cycle have common cycle intermediates and are thus linked. C) Ultimately, it results in the transport of glutamate from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. D) It requires a set of reactions known as the aspartate–argininosuccinate shunt.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is option D. It requires a set of reactions known as the aspartate–argininosuccinate shunt.

Explanation:

The Krebs bicycle is made out of on the right side the urea cycle, which networks with the aspartate-argininosuccinate shunt of the TCA cycle present on the left side. By argininosuccinate lyase, Fumarate delivered in the cytosol of the urea cycle enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrion and is changed over in a few stages to oxaloacetate.

Oxaloacetate gets an amino gathering with the help of transamination from glutamate, and the aspartate formed and leaves the mitochondrion and gives its amino gathering to the urea cycle in the response of argininosuccinate synthetase activity.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. It requires a set of reactions known as the aspartate–argininosuccinate shunt.

Which bacteria is Acid-fast?

Answers

Answer:

try and sum it down to 3 answers

Explanation:

If the Hemoccult test result is negative, no further testing is done. If the Hemoccult test result is positive, the individual will have a second stool sample tested with the Hemoccult II test. If this second sample also tests positive for blood, the individual will be referred for more extensive evaluation. What is the effect on net sensitivity and net specificity of this method of screening

Answers

Answer:

Hemoccult test sensitivity is 89.3% and specificity is 92.7%

Explanation:

Hemoccult test is a test that is carried out in order to find out the presence of occult blood in your stool. This method is used to detect colorectal cancer in your body. Blue color of the blood indicate that the test is positive while the green color represents that the test is negative. Test sensitivity is the ability of a test which identify the person who is affected with the disease i. e. true positive, whereas test specificity is the ability of the test to correctly identify the patient without the disease. The value of sensitivity of the Hemoccult test is 89.3% the specificity is 92.7%, and the positive predictive value is 2.5%.

A woman with type A blood (whose father was type O) has children with a man that has type O blood. Both individuals are heterozygous for the MN antigen. Recall that MN blood group antigens are independent of the ABO locus, and that the alleles are codominant.
How would the results from Part A change if both parents are also heterozygous for the FUT1 gene controlling the synthesis of the H substance (Hh)?
Drag the correct value to the blank following each offspring type.
Type A with M antigen:_________.
Type A with M and N antigens:_________.
Type A with N antigen:__________.
Type O with M antigen:__________.
Type O with M and N antigens:__________.
Type O with antigen:_________.
Options: 0, 1/32, 3/32, 5/32, 6/32, 10/32, 1

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

A woman with type A blood (whose father was type O) meaning her genotype is AO mates with

Man that has type O blood (OO genotype)

Both are heterozygous for MN blood group and both also heterozygous for the FUT1 gene controlling the synthesis of the H substance (Hh)- which determines the expression of the A and B antigen.

Cross

A O M N H h

O AO OO M MM MN H HH Hh

O AO OO N MN NN h Hh hh

Type A- 1/2 O-1/2 type M- 1/4 MN-1/2 N- 1/4, type H- 3/4 h-1/4

Type A with M antigen:

1/2*1/4*3/4 = 3/32

Type A with M and N antigens:

1/2*1/2*3/4 = 3/16

Type A with N antigen:

1/2*1/4*3/4 = 3/32

Type O with M antigen:

1/2*1/4*3/4= 3/32

Type O with M and N antigens:

1/2*1/2*3/4 = 3/16

Type O with N antigen:

1/2*1/4*3/4 = 3/32.

The 3/4 value comes from the expression of Hh-3/4 (this determines if the A and B Angie will be expressed).

Fungi are a necessary evil to humanity. Discuss the pros and cons.

Answers

Answer:

Fungi are said to be a necessary evil for society because:

On the one hand it has many pros, this means that they are used with optimal fines or that they benefit the human, such as yeast and alcoholic fermentation, the processes of beer formation, the production of basic foods for human nutrition , subsistence with the commensal or own flora of the human organism that defends us from other pathogenic microorganisms and really lethal for our species, and lastly they are also very good when it comes to scientific discoveries or advances, a great example is the penicillium fungus which is responsible for forming penicillin which is a very effective antibiotic today for a wide spectrum of bacteria.

On the other hand, the cons that some variety of fungi experienced lethal pathologies for humans such as histoplasmosis, or extremely dangerous pneumonia / bronchitis that today do not have a preventive method such as vaccines.

Explanation:

The fungi kingdom is extremely broad, that is why this kingdom can offer benefits or harm us human beings, and that is because the versatility of fungi is very high.

Nowadays, fungi present not only a difference in their morphologies, but also other resistance mechanisms, or tolerances to oxygen, metabolisms, energy sources, etc.

Rosa made a chart to summarize the characteristics of two types of social behavior. Which headings best complete the chart? X: Herding Y: Cooperative Hunting X: Flocking Y: Migrating X: Cooperative Hunting Y: Herding X: Migrating Y: Flocking

Answers

Answer:

Flocking (birds) and cooperative hunting (lions or wolves)

Explanation:

In large animal groups, social behavior enables to obtain an evolutionary advantage over non-social species by making decisions that are likely to be beneficial for the group. In humans, a comprehensive understanding of these benefits has shown to be useful in different areas ranging from social to economic systems.  

Cooperative Hunting is a social behavior that enables predatory social species like lions to hunt larger organisms, thereby improving the adaptive fitness of individuals.

Bird flocking is another type of social behavior in which a group of bird is in flight. This behavior is shared by very different species such as insects and fish. Flocking has shown to be beneficial to individual birds to take care of predators and to find food.

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Macromolecules in the cell can often interact transiently as a result of noncovalent interactions. These weak interactions also produce stable, highly specific interactions between molecules. Which of the factors below is the most significant in determining whether the interaction will be transient or stable?
a) the size of each molecule
b) the number of chemical bonds between the molecules
c) the concentration of each molecule
d) rate of synthesis

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is option b) "the number of chemical bonds between the molecules".

Explanation:

Chemical bonds are the forces that enable the formation of compounds. The number of chemical bonds is a determining factor to know if an interaction will be transient of stable. The more chemical bonds the more stable an interaction will be. Few chemical bonds between molecules makes an interaction unstable and easy to break, enabling transient interactions that are key to certain biological pathways.

Biochemical changes in the body, that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of a substance from the body and produce increased amounts to achieve the desired effects, may lead to development of

Answers

Answer:

Tolerance

Explanation:

Tolerance is the capacity of an organism to survive changes in certain environmental and biochemical conditions. It has to with changes an organism is able to withstand when is subjected to certain factors which can biotic or abiotic.

For example, in the consumption of alcohol, tolerance can occur when there is a fast elimination of alcohol from the body system. This is usually as a result of the activation of a group of enzymes that is responsible for the metabolism of alcohol in excessive alcohol drinkers. The activation of this enzymes increases the catabolism of alcohol and hence reduces the active time within the body, hence reducing the time by which alcohol intoxicates.

what is odontoid process in bones/

Answers

Answer:

The odontoid process

It exhibits a slight construction or neck, where it joins the main body of the vertebra...

Hope you like it please mark me as a brainliest

there are more hydrogen atoms in living organisms than any other atoms are asking is more abundant in the terms Mass why is this statement true​

Answers

Answer:

The statement is true because most organisms are made of water, and water consists of mostly hydrogen (atoms) since its chemical formula is H2O.

Which type of mutation results in a frame shift mutation? Check all that apply? Substitute Insertion Deletion Point mutation

Answers

Answer: Insertion, Deletion

Explanation:

The frameshift mutation can be defined as a genetic mutation that is caused by the deletion or insertion of the DNA sequence or base pairs that shifts the sequence to be read. As a result of this the abnormal proteins are produced along with incorrect amino acid sequence that either shorter or longer than the normal protein.

The passage describes some glycolysis reactions. Select the appropriate term for each blank to complete the passage. In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose is converted to glucose 6‑phosphate . The phosphate comes from ______.
A __________is an enzyme that transfers the terminal phosphate of A isomerase glucose 6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate to a substrate. The product of this reaction is then isomerized reaction, giving Fructose-6-phosphate is then phosphorylated by a second isomerase fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Answers

Answer:

JUST VOODSE

Explanation:

BRIUH

The currently accepted model of the coeur laboratory you are observing skin cells labeled 'defective' to determine what is wrong with them. After careful observation you notice that the cytoskeleton is there, but the cell is still having trouble maintaining its shape. Infer what could be damaged.l membrane was discovered by

Answers

Answer:

Cell membrane

Explanation:

The cytoskeleton is known to be a kind of proteinous filaments which is found in the cytoplasm of organism but grow out to the cell membrane to give shape to the organism and likewise help in movement.

In the case highlighted above, the organism might still not be able to get a shape especially when the cell membrane is affected or being damaged.

Why are enzymes important to cells? Why does an egg change color and texture when heated?

Answers

When you boil an egg, it goes from liquid to solid because the heat breaks and reconfigures the hydrogen bonds between amino-acids in the egg proteins. You permanently change the shape of the proteins, and so permanently change their qualities (in this case, texture).

smear samples from patient admitted at the kole-teaching hospital with boils and abscesses were brought to the laboratory for staining and microscopic examination. As an upcoming microbiologist state the keeping steps you would to stain the smear using Gram stain.upon examination, you've found blue coloured graped-cluster berry round the cell
1.what could be the outcome of the Gram staining reaction
2.what could be this bacterium and why

Answers

Answer:

It could be a Staphylococcus or also called Staphylococcus, due to the disposition it presents.

Explanation:

Staphylococci are coconuts (rounded shape) that unite in the form of a bunch of grapes, this is characteristic of them.

It could become a Staphylococ Aureus, since these are usually associated with the most frequent infections in humans, but the possibility that it is another type of the same bacterial family is not ruled out.

Which of these is an organism?

Answers

Answer:

A wolf...........

.......................

Answer:

I believe the answer is heart

greater temperature fluctuations occur where​

Answers

They occur in terrestrial ecosystems.

In an experiment, there are two groups. Which group is not changed in any way?
A. hypothesis
B. variable
C. experimental
D. control

Answers

Answer:

d) control

Explanation:

a control is what's kept the same throughout the experiment

Control D would be right

A possible explanation for the differences in structure, function, and behavior between
chimpanzees' and humans is provided by the
bota​

Answers

Answer:

The theory of evolution by natural selection

Explanation:

Nowadays, it is widely accepted that chimpanzees are primates closest related to us. Darwin's postulated "The theory of evolution by natural selection", in the book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. It is a theory that explains how species evolve over successive generations by gradual changes and the selection of the most adaptive phenotypes. Anatomical, fossil, and genetic evidence support the idea of an evolutionary link as Darwin predicted between hominids (humans) and other primates.

In regard to genetic evidence, whole-genome sequence analyses have shown that humans and chimpanzees share about 98% of sequence homology. Moreover, according to the phylogenetic tree, both species evolved from one common ancestor that was present approximately 4 million years ago.  

In regard to anatomical and fossil evidence, it has been discovered that the chimp brain has a similar size to human extinct relatives, and thereby also supporting an evolutionary link between both species.

Match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.

I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II

Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

a. IV
b. I
c. VI
d. II

Answers

Answer:

The answer is II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II

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Using a sample size of 90 employees (instead of 60) _____________is dangerous because it binds to the portion of your blood that carries oxygen to your body. A. Acid rain B. The Greenhouse Effect C. Carbon Monoxide D. CFC Howard was recently released from prison and having a hard time making it. Howard decided to participate in some criminal activity to try to move ahead. Howard's bond with society was not so strong at this point. If we were to apply a theory to Howard's decision to participate in crime, what would it be Find the height of a cylinder of volume 200cm^3 and radius 4 A sequence of transformations is applied to a polygon. Which of the following statements represent a sequence of transformations where the resulting polygon is similar to the original polygon but has a smaller area than the original polygon? Select all that apply.A. a reflection over the yaxis followed by a translation of 10 units down and a dilation about the origin by a scale factor of 2 B. a rotation of 180 counterclockwise about the origin followed by a dilation about the origin by a scale factor of 5 2 C. a dilation about the origin by a scale factor of 2 3 followed by a rotation of 90 counterclockwise about the origin and a translation 5 units left D. a dilation about the origin by a scale factor of 5 7 followed by a reflection over the yaxis and a dilation about the origin by a scale factor of 3 4