Bond polarity and ionic character go hand in hand: We can say that polarity and ionic character are positively correlated. The classical way to determine either is to compare the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) between the bonding atoms. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the larger the dipole moment, the greater the polarity, and the greater the ionic character of the bond.
The Pauling electronegativity scale, which should be provided in most chemistry texts and is certainly available online, can be used to determine ΔEN. As a very general rule of thumb, an ΔEN that is equal to 2.0 or greater indicates an ionic bond. We don't have to worry about that here, though, since we're only interested in polarity. But this is just some conceptual relation to consider; indeed, ionic bonds can be seen as very polar covalent bonds (or covalent bonds with significant ionic character).
There is no known bond that has a 100% ionic character (ΔEN = 4), i.e., a purely ionic bond. But there are many bonds that we know of with 0% ionic character (ΔEN = 0), i.e., a completely nonpolar bond. We can think about this logically without even knowing specific electronegativity values: If the difference in electronegativity between two bonding atoms is 0, then the two atoms must have equivalent electronegativities. And when can this be the case? Well, atoms from the same element have the same electronegativity. So one case of completely nonpolar bonding would be covalent bonding between atoms of the same element.
In the question given, there are two such cases: P4 and Br-Br. P4 is a tetrahedral molecule composed of four covalently bonded P atoms, each one bearing a lone electron pair and bonded to the other three. With each P having the same electronegativity (ΔEN = 0), no P-P bond in P4 has a dipole moment, and the P4 molecule itself is nonpolar. Br-Br is how bromine is found naturally (as diatomic Br₂); since this is a covalent bond between the atoms of the same element, the ΔEN = 0 and there is no dipole moment. A bromine molecule is completely nonpolar.
Fluorine (F) has the greatest electronegativity among the elements, so whether the Te-F or the Cl-F bond has the greater polarity (i.e., the greater ΔEN) really depends on the electronegativity of Te and Cl.
But let's think about this first. Both Cl and F are halogens; Cl is in the period right below F, and, following periodic trends, Cl itself is quite electronegative. Generally, nonmetals don't form ionic bonds with each other (the underlying reason is complicated and not relevant here, but that notion agrees with ΔEN between any two nonmetals being less than 2.0). Nonmetallic elements can form very polar covalent bonds whose ΔEN is very close to 2.0, however.
Tellurium (Te) is a metalloid that is three periods below F. Electronegativity generally decreases as you go down a group. Even though Te and Cl are not in the same group, the fact that Te is two periods below should give a strong presumption that Te has a lower electronegativity than Cl. Moreover, electronegativity increases you move left to right on the periodic table (that is, as the group number increases); Te is in a group to the left of fluorine's and chlorine's. So, using periodic trends alone, we know that Te is in a group to the left of and below that of Cl, both of which trend toward decreasing electronegativity. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that Te would have a smaller electronegativity than Cl. And so, the ΔEN of Te-F > ΔEN of Cl-F, which means the Te-F bond should have the greater polarity. And, indeed, this is true using the Pauling scale: The EN of F is 4.0; the EN of Cl is 3.0; and the EN of Te is 2.1.
In all, given that the ΔEN of P-P = 0; ΔEN of Br-Br = 0; ΔEN of Te-F = 1.9; and ΔEN of Cl-F = 1.0; the Te-F bond has the greatest polarity.
__H2 + __O2 --> __H2O
If 42.3 moles of water are produced, how many moles of hydrogen gas was reacted?
Answer:
42.3moles
Explanation:
The chemical equation given in this question is as follows:
H2 + O2 → H2O
However, this equation is unbalanced, the balanced chemical equation is as follows:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
This equation shows that;
2 moles of hydrogen gas (H2) will produce 2 moles of water (H2O)
Hence, If 42.3 moles of water (H2O) are produced, 42.3 × 2/2
= 42.3moles of hydrogen was reacted.
What is plotted on the Y axis
Speed
Distance or time
what is the only thing in nature that can be a solid,liquid,or gas?
A.water
B.hydrogen
C.helium
D.oxygen
pls answer will give brainliest
Answer:
A. Water
Explanation:
Virtually every known substance can be referred to as MATTER, as long as it has weight and occupies space. Matter can exists in three different forms namely: solid, liquid and gaseous states.
However, each state of matter has its own unique property that characterizes it. WATER is the only matter that can exists in the three different states as follows:
- LIQUID - WATER
- SOLID - ICE
- GASEOUS - STEAM OR VAPOUR.
Many people wear reading glasses, which allow for better near vision.
What type of lenses are on these glasses?
Answer:
Convex
Explanation:
8 guess not sure cause light rays should be converging to meet to their eye
Determine the molecular and empirical formulas for the substance shown in the ball-and-stick model below.
The molecular and empirical formulas for the following model is C6H6 and CH respectively.
What do you mean by empirical and molecular formulas ?The empirical formula gives the smallest whole number ratio between elements in a compound.
The molecular formula gives the actual whole number ratio between elements in a compound.
Note on C6H6-
Benzene (C6H6), simplest organic, aromatic hydrocarbon and parent compound of numerous important aromatic compounds.
It contains six carbon and hydrogen atoms each.
The molecular and empirical formulas for the following model is C6H6 and CH respectively.
Learn more about ,empirical and molecular formulas ,here:
https://brainly.com/question/13058832
#SPJ6
Explain whether chromium is more or less reactive than aluminium.
Answer: Chromium is less reactive as compared to Aluminium as it can not easily electrons as aluminium.
Explanation:
The arrangement of metals in a series according to the decreasing order of their reactivity is called reactivity series.
The metals that are placed above hydrogen are more reactive and those below hydrogen are less reactive.
A metal placed above another metal can displace lower metal from its salt solution. Thus a metal placed above in series is more reactive than metals placed below it.
As aluminium can easily lose electrons as compared to chromium , it is more reactive than Chromium.
QUESTION 2:
The molar mass for this compound is 60.11 g/mol.
The molecular formula for this compound is
Even when an object appears to be at rest, its atoms and molecules are in constant motion
A.true
B.false
(6th-grade science please help)
Answer:
the answer is True
Explanation:
the answer is True
How could the age be interpreted in a rock in which the blocking temperature has been reached?
Gas A has a partial pressure of 6 atm. Gas B has a partial pressure of 2 atm.
What is the partial pressure of Gas C, if the total pressure of the combined
gases is 10 atm?
Answer:
2 atm
Explanation: add both partial pressures and subtract from total pressure
Which of the following statements is
incorrect about heat and
temperature?
1. How many electrons are in Argons outer shell?
2. How many electrons are in Lithium's outer shell?
3. How many times can Oxygen bond?
4. What is the charge on a phosphorus ion?
5. What is the charge on a calcium ion?
Answer:
jwwnwwjkqnwjwmwnqnqwnmqaj
Answer:
1. 8
2.1
3.4 times
4.3-
5. 2+
Explanation:
1. it qualifies under the octet rule and is completely stable.
2. 1 because it fills every shell and has one left over
3. each time an element like oxygen bonds it can be surrounded by 8 electrons in order to be stable and each line that you may see counts as two electrons so it can have 1 bond line in each direction.
4.&5. It just is that way
Which of the following has the most number of atoms
Answer:
Explanation:
where is the pic?
Answer:
what are the following? if you can provide them I can try to answer it for you
Explanation:
GIVING BRAINLIEST TO CORRECT ANSWER
Friction__
A. happens whenever work is done
B. occurs when objects rub against each other
C. releases energy as heat
D. all of the above
Answer:
B) occurs when objects rub against each other
Explanation:
Answer:
B. occurs when objects rub against each other
Explanation:
Friction is a force between two surfaces that are sliding, or trying to slide, across each other. ... Friction always works in the direction opposite to the direction in which the object is moving or trying to move. Friction always slows a moving object down.
what are three disadvantages of making and using plastic?
what is the difference between the mitochondria and the excretory system?
Answer:
Mitochondria is a membrane-bound organelle stored in cells and their function is to generate chemical energy to power the cell's biochemical reaction.
The excretory system is an organ system that eliminates wastes, prevents harmful accumulation of chemicals in the body, and maintains the body's chemical concentration.
Explanation:
In which numbered position would a Period 4 element that is a metal with three valence electrons be located?
A) Position 13
B) Position 15
C) Position 20
D) Position 31
The position where a Period 4 element that is also a metal with three valence electrons would be located is: B) Position 15.
What is a periodic table?A periodic table can be defined as an organized tabular array of all the chemical elements, which is typically arranged in order of increasing atomic number or number of protons (in rows).
In Chemistry, a periodic table comprises seven (7) rows and eighteen (18) columns. Also, all chemical elements are arranged (grouped) on the periodic table based on their atomic number (number of protons).
In this context, the position where a Period 4 element that is also a metal with three valence electrons would be located is Position 15 on the periodic table.
Read more on periodic table here: https://brainly.com/question/18384230
PLEASE HELP IMMEDIATELY
Answer:
Ability to move
Must be able to eat
grow and develop
reproduce
respond to environment
taking in food
Explanation:
Hope this helped! Have a good day!
how many moles are contained 80.3 gram of sm(no3)3
0.239 mol Sm(NO₃)₃
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableMolesStoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
[Given] 80.3 g Sm(NO₃)₃
[Solve] moles Sm(NO₃)₃
Step 2: Identify Conversions
[PT] Molar Mass of Sm - 150.36 g/mol
[PT] Molar Mass of N - 14.01 g/mol
[PT] Molar Mass of O - 16.00 g/mol
Molar Mass of Sm(NO₃)₃ - 150.36 + 3[14.01 + 3(16.00)] = 336.39 g/mol
Step 3: Convert
[DA] Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 80.3 \ g \ Sm(NO_3)_3(\frac{1 \ mol \ Sm(NO_3)_3}{336.39 \ g \ Sm(NO_3)_3})[/tex][DA] Divide [Cancel out units]: [tex]\displaystyle 0.238711 \ mol \ Sm(NO_3)_3[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
0.238711 mol Sm(NO₃)₃ ≈ 0.239 mol Sm(NO₃)₃
Which is one factor that increases the speed of a sound wave? A. higher temperature B. lower temperature C. traveling in a liquid rather than a solid D. traveling in a gas rather than a liquid
Answer: c
Explanation:
Science has had no negative impacts on society. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
Answer:
false
Explanation:
not all science is good, or has good effects
False.
Science can possibly be dangerous when used by the wrong people. It can be used to create bombs, bioweapons, and much more.
Please mark Brainliest if this was helpful, and let me know if you have questions! :)
1. A helium-filled balloon had a volume of 8.50 L on the ground at 20.0°C and a
pressure of 750.0 Torr. After the balloon was released, it rose to an altitude where the
temperature was 40.0°C and the pressure was .550 atm. What is the new volume of
the balloon in liters at the high altitude?
Answer:
133.74 L
Explanation:
First we convert the given pressures and temperatures into atm and K, respectively:
750.0 Torr ⇒ 750/760 = 0.9868 atm20°C ⇒ 20+273.16 = 293.16 K40°C ⇒ 40+273.16 = 313.16 KThen we use the PV=nRT formula to calculate the number of moles of helium in the balloon, using the data of when it was on the ground:
0.9868 atm * 8.50 L = n * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 293.16 Kn = 2.866 molThen, knowing the value of n, we use PV=nRT once again, this time to calculate V using the data of when the balloon was high up:
0.550 atm * V = 2.866 mol * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 313.16 KV = 133.74 LI need a tutor!!! I really wanna learn but my professor has a language barrier. How many grams of oxygen are required to react with 2.05 g of dihydrogen sulfide?
Calculate the amount in grams in 0.52600 moles of vanadium.
Answer:
26.795229
Explanation:
This is how much it is
6. Put the sentences in order to show how electrical energy is produced at a coal-fired
electric power plant.
a. The turbine spins a shaft connected to
a generator.
b. Coal is burned in a furnace through
combustion.
c. Kinetic energy is converted to electrical
energy.
d. Pressurized steam is used to spin a
turbine.
e. Heated water is vaporized inside a boiler.
How would you prepare a 1 L solution of 3 M MgO?
Answer:
You need to measure 120.9132 grams of MgO and add to 1 liter of distilled water in a beaker.
Explanation:
Capital M stands for molarity, or moles/liter. So 3 M MgO means 3 moles per liter of MgO.
1 L × [tex]\frac{3 moles MgO}{1 L MgO}[/tex] = 3 moles MgO
This means you need to measure 3 moles MgO to put into 1 Liter of water.
But you don't know how much that is, so you need to convert moles to grams.
First you need to find how many grams are in 1 mole of MgO.
You can search the molar mass of MgO online to get: 40.3044 g
But if you don't have the internet, use the periodic table to add the masses of Mg and O: 24.305 g + 15.999 g = 40.3044 g
Then write the fraction so that the units cancel out, so you get grams by itself on the top of the fraction.
1 L × [tex]\frac{3 moles MgO}{1 L MgO}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{40.3044 g MgO}{1 mole MgO}[/tex] = 120.9132 g MgO
You need to measure 120.9132 grams of MgO and add to 1 liter of distilled water.
We will prepare 1 L solution of 3 M MgO, by dissolving 120.91 grams of MgO in 1 litre of water.
How molarity is define?Molarity is define as the no. of moles of solute dissolve in per liter if solvent or solution & it is represented as:
M = n / v
In the question, it is given that:
Molarity of MgO = 3M i.e. 3 moles of MgO is present in 1 liter of solution.
So, we have moles of MgO = 3 moles
Now, we convert moles of MgO to grams to know how much of solute is required, in the following manner:
n = W / M, where
M = molar mass of MgO = 40.30 g/mole
W = to find?
W = 3 mole × 40.30 g/mole = 120.91 grams
Hence, 120.91 grams of MgO is required.
To know more about molarity, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/14469428
An object accelerates at 8 m/s2 when a force of 40 N is applied to it. What is the mass of the object
Answer:
f=ma
40=m*8
m=5kg
another object of same mass is added
=>m=5+5=10kg
f=10*8=80N
Explanation:
this is when an organism like insects or plants become trapped in amber
thats very nice lol, things stuck in amber are very cool
Which of these would you expect to have the highest boiling point?
Pertane: HOC-CH2-CH-CH2-CH)
Neopentane:
H.C-C-CH3
CH3
CH,
CHE
Isopentane:
Cyclopropane
НЕС-СН-СН-СН3
Нас
CHz
a) cyclopropane
b) pentane
c) isopentane
d) neopentane
Answer:
pertane the stronger the force the larger amount of energy needed to break of the connection between the molecules
the lungs are covered with a thin layer called ________
interstitium
#keeponlearning
Answer:
pleura
Explanation:
The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura. The same kind of thin tissue lines the inside of the chest cavity -- also called pleura.