The O from carbon 5 becomes the O in the ring when converting a fisher projection for an aldehyde into a haworth structure.
Once you know a few strategies, changing a Fischer projection to a Haworth projection is not too difficult.
If the OH is on the right side of the Fischer for C-2, C-3, and C-4, it will be lower in the Haworth. If it is on the Fischer's left side, it will be higher up in the Haworth.
Draw the C-5 CH₂OH pointing up if the sugar is D.
Draw the C-1 OH pointing downward for the alpha for D-sugars (and up for the beta)
To further understand the stereochemistry on the ring, a bond rotation on the C5 carbon is helpful. A bond rotation is accomplished by switching any three groups on a carbon. We'll therefore do the following three "moves":
H → OH
CH₂OH, OH
CH₂OH→ H
The C5-OH is no longer pointing downward after rotation; it is now to the side. Because of the tetrahedral structure of the carbon, I depicted the bond in the picture below as "dashed." I further dashed the C2-C1 bond.
This gives us the opportunity to depict the C5-OH attacking the carbonyl carbon and rupturing the C1-O pi link to generate a new O-C1 single bond.
We now have one of two rings after proton transfer, which we can represent as Haworth projections.
Hence, The O from carbon 5 becomes the O in the ring.
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Solution A has a concentration of 0.10 M sugar and Solution B has a concentration of 0.20 M sugar. If the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, which of the following occurs during osmosis? The molarity of A increases. The molarity of B increases. Sugar molecules move from B into A move from B into A
If the two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, during osmosis the molarity of A increases as water molecules move to B across the membrane. The correct option is A.
What is osmosis?Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration or low solute concentration to a region of low concentration or high solute concentration.
Osmosis is described as a special form of osmosis that is driven by differences in the concentration gradient across the semi-permeable membrane.
For example, given two solutions of concentration of 0.10 M and 0.20 M separated by a semi-permeable membrane, water molecules will move from the 0.1 M solution to the 0.2 M solution.
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examine the case of h2. enter the following information from the table. use numerical values, not words. Number of bonding electrons =__ Number of antibonding electrons =__ Bond order =___
In chemistry, molecular orbital theory is a method for using quantum mechanics to describe the electronic structure of molecules. It was proposed in the early twentieth century. The atomic orbitals combine to form the molecular orbital. The electrons of molecules fill the new energy states of the molecular orbitals in the same way that the energy states of the atomic orbitals are filled.
The number of molecular orbitals produced is always equal to the number of atomic orbitals brought by the combining atoms. Bonding molecular orbitals have less energy than parent orbitals, while antibonding orbitals have more energy.
Bond order is the number of electron bonding pairs that exist between two atoms. A single bond has a bond order of one in a covalent bond between two atoms, a double bond has a bond order of two, a triple bond has a bond order of three, and so on.
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suppose that you obtain 0.15 g of aspirin after starting with the hydrolysis of 0.30 ml of methyl salicylate. calculate the percent yield.
While obtaining 0.15 g of aspirin after starting with the hydrolysis of 0.30 ml of methyl salicylate, the percent yield is 35.7%.
What is percent yield?The measure of the quantity of moles of a product formed in relation to the reactant consumed is called percent yield. This takes place in a chemical reaction and is expressed as a percentage.
The formula for percent yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield × 100
Calculation:Methyle salycltae
Molecular weight = 152.15g/mol
Density = 1.184 g/ml
Mass of methyl salicylate= 0.3× 1.184 = 0.355g
Moles of methyl salicylate= 0.355g/152.15 g/ml = 0.00233 mol
Theoretidal yield = miles × product × molecular weight
= 0.002334× 180.158
= 0.420 g
%yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield × 100
= 0.15 g / 0.420 g × 100
= 35.7%
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What is the relationship between dipole moment and the distance between the charges?
directly proportional
inversely proportional
they are equivalent
they are unrelated
directly proportional
The dipole moment is directly proportional to the distance between the charges.
What is the dipole moment of a charge?
A dipole moment is the product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance between the centers of the positive and negative charges
What is the relationship between the dipole moment and the distance between the charges?
The larger the difference in electronegativity, the larger the dipole moment. The distance between the charge separation is also a deciding factor in the size of the dipole moment. The dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of the molecule.
How does distance affect dipole?
The dipole potential does not have spherical symmetry and decreases as 1/distance2, much faster than the Coulomb potential, which decreases as 1/distance. The dipole field decreases as 1/distance3, and dipole effects become quickly negligible as the distance increases.
Thus, the dipole moment is directly proportional to the distance between charges.
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consider three 1-l flasks at stp. flask a contains nh3 gas, flask b contains no2 gas, and flask c contains n2 gas. in which flask are the molecules most ideal in behavior?
We know that STP, Standard temperature and pressure (STP) refers to the nominal conditions in the atmosphere.
These conditions are 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure for a gas.
And 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L at STP.
So, in given question we can say that each gas has 1/22.4 moles.
And the number of moles is the same so is the number of molecules of each of the three gases.
But if we see the three Ammonia, Nitrogen dioxide, and Nitrogen gas.
The Electronegativity difference is minimum in nitrogen gas.
Because of the least polarity in molecules of N₂ makes it the most ideal behavior out of all three of the gases.
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a substance has a vapor pressure of 0.2020 atm at 261.5 k. if its heat of vaporization is 20.94 kj/mol, calculate its vapor pressure at 240.9 k.
The vapor pressure at the new temperature can be obtained as 0.074 atm.
What is the vapor pressure?The term vapor pressure has to do with the pressure that accumulates owing to the fact that some of the liquid is leaving the solution and gets to the top of the container.
Now we have the formula;
ln(P2/P1) = -ΔHvap/R(1/T2 - 1/T1)
P2 = final pressure
P1 = initial pressure
ΔHvap = Enthalpy of vaporization
T2 = final temperature
T1 = initial temperature
ln(P2/0.2020) = -20.94 * 10^3/8.314(1/240.9 - 1/261.5)
ln(P2/0.2020) = -2518.6(0.0042 - 0.0038)
ln(P2/0.2020) = -1.00744
Taking the exponential of both sides;
P2/0.2020 = e^-1.00744
P2 = e^-1.00744 * 0.2020
P2 = 0.074 atm
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forty five percent by mass of a 350 g mixture is composed of compound a. how much (in grams) of the mixture is compound a?
If forty five percent by mass of a 350 g mixture is composed of compound a, then 157.5 g of the mixture is compound a.
Percentage by mass, mass %, is a measure of concentration that indicates the mass of solute per mass of solution. In other words, the mass percent of a component in the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the component to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.
mass % = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100
Substitute the given information into the equation.
mass % = 45
mass of solution/mixture = 350 g
Solve for the mass of compound a.
mass % = (mass of compound a / mass of mixture) x 100
45 = (mass of compound a / 350 g) x 100
mass of compound a = 157.5 g
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true or false: when using vsepr theory to determine molecular shape, a triple bond counts as a single electron domain even though it consists of three shared electron pairs.
True: when using vsepr theory to determine molecular shape, a triple bond counts as a single electron domain even though it consists of three shared electron pairs.
The fundamental idea behind VSEPR is that the valence electron pairs that surround an atom have a tendency to reject one another and would therefore arrange themselves in a way to minimise this repulsion. In turn, this lowers the energy of the molecule and raises its stability, which establishes the molecular geometry. The electron-electron repulsion resulting from the Pauli exclusion principle, rather than the electrostatic repulsion, has been stressed by Gillespie as being more significant in dictating molecule geometry.
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Julio has started his very own floral business. He sells centerpieces for $19. 50 each. His fixed costs are $500 per month, and each centerpiece cost $8 to produce.
Julio established his very own floral shop. He charges $19.50 for each centerpiece. Each centerpiece he produces costs $8, and his fixed monthly expenses total $500.
The total cost, C, is the sum of the cost to produce the centerpieces and the fixed cost. The equation for C is C = 8n + 500.
The total revenue, R, of Julio's floral business is the product of the cost per centerpiece and the number of centerpieces sold. The equation for R is R = 19.50n.
$19.50x - $8x-500 = 0 (Break even) x+=+500%2F11.50
25P - 25*8 - 500 = 0 (Break even with 25 sold P+=+700%2F25 = $28
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The hydrogen ion concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution is 0.00050 M. How is this concentration written in scientific notation?
A. 5.0 x 10⁻⁴M
B. 50 x 10⁴ M
C. 5.0 x 10⁴ M
D. 50 x 10⁻⁴M
Answer:
A. 5.0 x 10⁻⁴M
Explanation:
Move the decimal point in 0.00050 M to the right, counting the steps required, until it is to the right of the first non-zero number, 5 in this case.
0.00050 M becomes 00005.0 M if we move the decimal point 4 spaces to the right. Moving to the right means taking a negative 1 step each time, The resulting count is -4, since we moved the decimal - 4 steps. This becomes the exponent for the 10: 10^-4. The 5.0 is attached to the 10^-4 to yield 5.0x10^-4 M, the answer.
which electron carrier is most appropriate for accepting two electrons as a hydride ion and then later participating in an anabolic pathway?
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) would be the most appropriate electron carrier for accepting two electrons as a hydride ion and then later participating in an anabolic pathway.
What is anabolic?
All living things use a set of processes called metabolism to keep their bodies healthy. Catabolism and anabolism are both included in these processes. By releasing as well as capturing energy to maintain the body functioning well, both assist in organising molecules. These metabolic phases take place simultaneously. The main functions of anabolism are growth and organisation of molecules. Small, straightforward molecules are expanded into bigger, more complex ones during this process. In anabolism, gluconeogenesis is a prime example. At this point, glucose is created by the kidneys and liver from non-carbohydrate sources. When food is digested, the molecules break in the body to be used as energy, which is known as catabolism. The body breaks down large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones. Glycolysis is an example of catabolism.
NADH is a key component in many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle. It is known as the "universal electron carrier" because it can accept and donate electrons in different biochemical reactions.
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Which type of atom is typically released when a uv photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon?.
When a UV photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon, a chlorine atom is typically released.
When a UV photon interacts with a CFC, it can break the bond between the chlorine and fluorine atoms, resulting in a chlorine atom being released.
What are chlorofluorocarbons?Are a group of man-made compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They are released into the atmosphere primarily through the use of aerosol products, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems, and are known to be extremely damaging to the ozone layer.
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. A nuclide decays in 3. 40 days from 45. 0 g to 12. 1 g. What is the rate constant for the nuclide?.
The equilibrium law for the nuclide is 0.386 days per one, according to the announcement.
What are nuclides? Why do they maintain their stability?Any form of atoms with a measured lifetime is referred to as a nuclide. Atomic nuclei, also known as nuclides (nuclei of various isotopes), are kept together by the weak nuclear interaction and are made up of Z protons and N nuclei with just a mass of A (mass number=Z+N). The amount of protons increases as the electron configuration does, and protons are given to the nucleus to maintain stability.
Briefing:t = 2.303 * 1/λ log (A₀/At)
λ = 2.303/t log (A₀/At)
= 2.303/3.40 log (45/12.1)
= 0.677*0.57
= 0.386 day⁻¹
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between c1 and c2 in ethane, ch3ch3? orbital on c1 orbital on c2 what is the approximate h-c1-c2 bond angle?
The atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between C1 and C2 in ethane , CH₃ - CH₃ are one s orbital and 3 p orbital.
The carbon single bond carbon are saturated hydrocarbon. the atomic orbital involves in the hybridization is one s orbital and 3 p orbital . the hybridization is sp³. the ethane molecule, CH₃ - CH₃ , both the carbon in the ethane molecule are sp³ hybridize. the approximate bond angle of the H - C1 - C2 bond is 109.5°.
Thus, the atomic hybrid orbital in C1 - C2 of ethane molecule is 1 s orbital and 3 p orbital. the hybridization of the both the carbon atoms in ethane is sp³ hybridize.
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On picture pls i really need help
How many moles of CuFeS2 are
used to produce 16 moles Cu?
2CuFeS2 + 502 → 2Cu + 2FeO + 4SO2
?] mol CuFeS2
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 16 moles of CuFeS₂ are used to produce 16 moles Cu.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
2 CuFeS₂ + 5 O₂ → 2 Cu + 2 FeO + 4 SO₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
CuFeS₂: 2 molesO₂: 5 molesCu: 2 molesFeO: 2 molesSO₂: 4 molesMoles of CuFeS₂ neededThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of Cu are formed by 2 moles of CuFeS₂, 16 moles of Cu are formed by how many moles of CuFeS₂?
moles of CuFeS₂= (16 moles of Cu× 2 moles of CuFeS₂)÷ 2 moles of Cu
moles of CuFeS₂= 16 moles
Finally, 16 moles of CuFeS₂ are needed.
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A solution is prepared by adding 0.600 g of solid nacl to 50.0 ml of 0.100 m cacl2. what is the molarity of chloride ion in the final solution? assume that the volume of the final solution is 50.0 ml.
The resulting solution's molarity containing chloride ions is equivalent to 0.156 M in the equation that follows.
What foods are high in chloride?Saltwater and sea salt both include chloride in the form of sodium chloride. Additionally, many veggies contain it. Kelp, rye, tomato, lettuce, onions, and olives are among foods that contain more chloride than others. But lot of meals also include chloride and potassium.
Briefing:Given the calcium chloride solution:
CaCl₂⇒Ca²+2Cl⁻
Given that calcium chloride has to have a molarity of 0.1 M
The solution's chloride ion concentration is 2 x 0.1 x 0.2 M.
The solution's volume is V = 50 ml, or 0.05 L.
Chloride has a molecular weight of 0.2 x 0.05 x 0.001 mol.
0.400 g of NaCl were added to the mixture.
From NaCl, there are 0.4/58.5 = 0.0068 moles of chloride.
Total number of chloride ions in moles is equal to 0.001 plus 0.0068, or 0.0078 mol.
The total solution's volume is 50 ml, or 0.05 L.
The final solution's chloride ion molarity is:
M = 0.0078/0.05
Molarity = 0.156 M
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two open flasks i and ii contain different volumes of the same liquid. suppose that the pressure is measured at a point 10 cm below the surface of the liquid in each container. how will the pressures compare?
Pressures evaluated in comparison to a differential U-type manometer. For two open flasks, I and ii, different amounts of the same liquid are present in each.
Let's say a 10 cm point is used to gauge the pressure. The Differential U-type Manometer is used to calculate the difference in pressure between two pipes or sources. When two limbs of a liquid are separated vertically from its surface and each limb is connected to two different sources, a differential U-type Manometer is used to compare the pressures in the two pipes or containers that each limb is located in. Its official name is U-type Manometer. Pressure is the amount of force delivered per unit area perpendicular to an object's surface. "p" or "P" is the sign for it.
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what is it called when a plane goes 2 as fast as sound
which of the following is a heteroatom? check all that apply. which of the following is a heteroatom?check all that apply. n s h o c
S, 0 , and N are the heteroatom from the given elements. Specifically, any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen qualifies as a heteroatom.
Heteroatoms are when additional elements like beryllium, vanadium, and chromium partially isomorphously replace the normal framework atoms. The aim is often to modify a material's qualities in order to make it better for a certain use. The term "heteroatoms" refers to atoms that are neither carbon or hydrogen in organic chemistry. The number of atoms that could be present in an organic molecule is significantly smaller in practise than it is in principle, leaving more than a hundred possibilities.
A pure material made entirely of one species of atoms, or a chemical element, is a species of atoms with a specific number of protons in their nuclei. In the universe, chemical elements make up almost all of the baryonic matter. Atoms are moved around into new compounds that are bound together by chemical bonds when various elements experience chemical reactions.
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the equilibrium gdp must be greater than the full-employment gdp. imports must exceed exports. aggregate expenditures are greater at each level of gdp than when net exports are zero or negative. some other component of aggregate expenditures must be negative.
A demand shortfall results from an excess demand for goods and services when the equilibrium GDP is higher than the full-employment GDP. This will also imply that exports are not performing well, resulting in negative net exports.
What is Equilibrium?
As "balancing" is the definition of the word "equilibrium," it follows that a chemical reaction represents a balance between the reactants and products involved in the reaction. In some physical processes, such as the melting of ice at 0°C, where both ice and water are present at equilibrium, the equilibrium state can also be observed.
Physical equilibrium refers to the equilibrium that results from physical processes like the melting of solids, the dissolution of salt in water, etc., while chemical equilibrium refers to the equilibrium that results from chemical reactions.
When net exports are positive, an economy's exports outweigh its imports.
Positive net exports indicate higher spending on domestic products and services, which results in higher total expenditure. Additionally, when net exports are negative, it signifies that there is a decrease in local demand for products and services and an increase in import demand, suggesting that overall spending is at its lowest level ever.
If exports outpace imports, then more money is being spent on domestic products and services, which raises total expenditure.
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there are three different dichloroethylenes (molecular formula c2h2cl2), which we can designate x, y, and z. compound x has no dipole moment, but compound z does. compounds x and z each combine with hydrogen to give the same product: c2h2cl2(x or z) h2 → clch2―ch2cl what are the structures of x, y, and z? be sure to include lone pair electrons.
In three different dichloroethylenes,Y has two Cl in same C, X has one Cl in each C on the opposite side of double bond(cis) and Z has one Cl in each C on same side of double bond (trans).
Describe the dipole moment using an example?The symmetry of the molecules is established using the dipole moment. The molecules would not be symmetrical and have some dipole moment if they contained two or more polar links. H2O is 1.84 D, whereas CH3Cl, or methyl chloride, is 1.86 D.
How are cis and trans configurations found?Take a look at the longest double-bonded :The isomer is a cis alkene if two groups (connected to the double bond's carbons) are on the same side of the double bond. The isomer is a trans if the two groups are on opposing sides of the double bond.
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how would the type of products generated during this experiment differ if a primary alcohol were used instead of a secondary alcohol?
The type of products generated during the experiment differ if a primary alcohol were used instead of a secondary alcohol as:
According to how they react with the Lucas reagent, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols are categorized.
Primary Alcohols: Unless heated, the solution doesn't change colour. When heated, the solution generates an oily coating.
Secondary Alcohols: In three to five minutes, the solution becomes murky and produces an oily coating (varies based on the solubility).
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aluminum is a reactive metal. it reacts with oxygen to form aluminum oxide as shown below. 4 al(s) 3 o2(g) → 2 al2o3(s) when one mole of aluminum reacts with excess oxygen how many moles of aluminum oxide will be produced? when one mole of oxygen reacts with excess aluminum how many moles of aluminum oxide will be produced? when one mole of aluminum reacts with one mole of oxygen how many moles of aluminum oxide will be produced?
The reaction between aluminum and oxygen forms aluminum oxide is 4 Al(s) + 3 O₂(g) ⇒2 Al₂O₃(s) .
In excess of oxygen, one mole of aluminum forms 0.5 moles of aluminum oxide. In excess aluminum, one-mole oxygen produces 0.66 moles of aluminum oxide. Aluminum is the limiting reagent in the reaction, so when one mole of aluminum and oxygen each taken, 0.5 moles of aluminum oxide is produced.
Aluminum oxide, an amphoteric oxide with the chemical formula Al₂O₃, has a wide range of applications in numerous industries. In nature, aluminum oxide is amphoteric. Metal oxides that react with both acids and bases to produce salts and water are known as amphoteric oxides.
Hence, aluminum and oxygen forms aluminum oxide.
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a sample of xenon gas at a pressure of 0.537 atm and a temperature of 238oc, occupies a volume of 419 ml. if the gas is heated at constant pressure until its volume is 555 ml, calculate the temperature of the gas sample
The final liquid volume, which is 500 ml, is equal to the final bitey initial, which is 300 Kelvin. By 200 million L, they were behind. So, after the problem is solved, the temperature will be 750 Kelvin, which can be converted to degrees Celsius. so that we can get 7°C twice
By substituting, we get one atmosphere's initial volume of time, which is 225 ml, divided by the atmosphere's final volume, which is 100 M. L. They number four. 0.25 atmospheres of final pressure are present.
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malonyl-coa is an intermediate in fatty acid synthesis. it also regulates fatty acid metabolism. which of the molecules regulate the enzyme that catalyzes malonyl‑coa synthesis?
Malonyl CoA is synthesized by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The activity of ACC is regulated by several molecules, including cAMP, citrate, and long-chain fatty acids.
cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger that can be activated by hormones such as glucagon. When cAMP is active, it binds to the regulatory subunit of ACC, inhibiting the activity of the enzyme.
Citrate is a metabolite that can bind to the active site of ACC, preventing the enzyme from synthesizing Malonyl CoA.
Long-chain fatty acids can also affect the activity of ACC. When fatty acids are present, they bind to the regulatory subunit of ACC, activating the enzyme and allowing it to synthesize Malonyl CoA.
Overall, the molecules that regulate the enzymes that synthesize Malonyl CoA are cAMP, citrate, and long-chain fatty acids
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what is the wavelength of light emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from level n
Consequently, the light's wavelength is 486 nm.
When an electron inside a hydrogen atom changes from level of energy and equivalent to 42 and equal to 2 to energy level & equal to 2, what wavelength of light is produced?where the light's wave length is.Therefore, when an electron in an atom jumps from a higher energy state to a lower energy level, it emits 486 nm of light.
What wavelength of light is produced when an excited hydrogen atom electron transitions from n5 to n2?The Rydberg constant has a value of Ro=1.097107m1 R o = 1.09710 7 m1.Thus, a hydrogen atom emits visible light with a wavelength of 434.08 nm whenever its excited electron shifts from n=5 to n=2.
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Upper m g plus upper c a (upper o upper h) subscript 2 right arrow. ? mg(oh)2 + ca no reaction mgh2 + cao mgca + h2o.
Upper H superscript plus, plus upper O upper H superscript minus right arrow upper H subscript 2 upper O is the equation used to represent the net ionic equation.
What is an ionic reaction?Ionic reactions typically take place while anions and cations interact to form a chemical in a liquid medium. When the ions of saline that are transparent in water interact with anyone, water-insoluble salts are produced.
What benefit does using net ionic equations provide?The benefit of creating an ionic equations is that we're able to identify the ions that are contributing to the reaction as a whole. Since spectator ions can be removed from the electrical equation since they can be from both side of the equation, the net ionic measurement only displays the species that are truly involved in the reaction.
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Answer: B. no reaction
Due to periodicity, which of the following elements has chemical behavior similar to that of fluorine? Potassium Chlorine Magnesium Iron
Fluorine and chlorine, the following element, have comparable chemical properties.
How do we define "chemical"?Chemicals are thought to include any substance whose composition is known. A chemical, to put it another way, always contains the same "stuff." Some chemicals can be found in natural things like water. Numerous chemicals, including chlorine, are created (used for bleaching fabrics or in swimming pools).
An illustration of a chemical would be.A chemical is composed of one element or any combination of these components. As an illustration, the molecule of oxygen in the air is always composed of two distinct oxygen molecules. A chemical can exist in many different forms, but an element is the most basic since it is used to create additional compounds.
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carbocations are frequent intermediates in reactions of alkenes and alcohols of alkenes and alcohols im acidic media. what kind of things might carbocation do??
Carbocations may not react with any thing by any means as they are stable because of loosing proton to form an alkene.
Definition of carbocation
An intermediate molecule which is composed of a carbon (C) atom that exhibits positive charge is known as a carbocation.
A carbocation may also exhibit three (3) different chemical bonds.Some of the examples of carbocation molecules are methenium CH⁺₃, and/or methanium CH⁺₅.Carbocations behaves as frequent intermediates in acidic reactions of alkenes, alcohols, etc. These carbocations do not react by any means because they are stable by losing proton to form an alkene and are not form by any of these processes sometimes they rearrange themselves to form & more stable carbocations.
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