We are likely to acquire moderate-resolution photos and spectra of Earth-like planets around other stars in ten or twenty years thanks to space observatories that are currently in the planning phases.
What are stars ?
Large celestial bodies known as stars are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium and generate light and heat in their centres from churning nuclear forges. Only a very small portion of the tens of billions of trillions of stars in the observable cosmos are visible to the unaided eye.
The enormous volumes of radiation emanating from the planet's host star overwhelm any light reflected off the planet or heat radiation from the planet itself. The only way to find life on other planets is through the analysis of their spectra, which will enable us to find chemicals in other atmospheres and even look for surface features that might be signs of life.
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you are helping a friend study the eight planets in order from the sun outward. they also need to know if they are terrestrial or jovian. how can you help them memorize these specifics?
They are terrestrial or Jovian and can have specifics of energy level.
Jovian Planets:-
The gas giants, also known as Jovian planets, are planets devoid of any solid material. Technically speaking, Jovian planets are those that are 10 times as massive as the Earth. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are examples of such planets in our solar system. These planets bear a striking resemblance to Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, which is why they are known as the Jovian planets.Terrestrial Planets:-
Terrestrial planets, also referred to as rocky planets are those planetary bodies that are primarily made of silicate rocks. These bodies include Mercury, the smallest terrestrial planet, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These planets are referred to as "Earth-like" or "terrestrial" (derived from the Latin word for the Earth, terra) because they resemble the Earth to a significant extent. The four terrestrial planets in our solar system are not the only planets with terrestrial characteristics; scientists have found several other planets in the universe.They are telluric planets.To understand more silicate -
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A spaceship of mass spaceship = 110000.0 kg starts at rest (vi= 0), then accelerates by releasing
exhaust gas of mass gas = 10600.0 kg with a velocity of gas = -100. What is the speed of the spaceship
Answer:
Approximately [tex]9.64\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex] (assuming that the velocity of the exhaust is [tex](-100)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex].
Explanation:
When an object of mass [tex]m[/tex] travels at a velocity of [tex]v[/tex], the momentum [tex]p[/tex] of this object will be [tex]p = m\, v[/tex].
Assume that there is no external force on this spaceship. The total momentum of the ship and the exhaust will be conserved. In other words,
[tex]\begin{aligned}& (\text{Momenum of Spaceship, before}) \\ &+ (\text{Momentum of Exhaust, before}) \\ =\; & (\text{Momenum of Spaceship, after}) \\ &+ (\text{Momentum of Exhaust, after})\end{aligned}[/tex].
Rearrange to find the momentum of the spaceship after releasing the exhaust:
[tex]\begin{aligned} & (\text{Momenum of Spaceship, after}) \\ =\; & (\text{Momenum of Spaceship, before}) \\ &+ (\text{Momentum of Exhaust, before}) \\ &- (\text{Momentum of Exhaust, after})\end{aligned}[/tex].
It is given that the spaceship and the exhaust were initial stationary. Hence, initial momentum will be [tex]0\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex] for both the ship and the exhaust.
[tex]\begin{aligned} & (\text{Momenum of Spaceship, after}) \\ =\; & (0\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}) \\ &+ (0\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}) \\ &- (\text{Momentum of Exhaust, after})\end{aligned}[/tex].
Since the exhaust is of mass [tex]10600\; {\rm kg}[/tex] and velocity [tex](-100)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex], the momentum of the exhaust after release will be:
[tex]\begin{aligned} & (\text{Momenum of Exhaust, after}) \\ =\; & (\text{mass of Exhaust})\, (\text{Velocity of Exhaust, after}) \\ =\; & (10600.0\; {\rm kg})\, ((-100)\;{\rm m \cdot s^{-1}}) \\ =\; & (-1.06000\times 10^{6})\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex].
Divide the momentum of the spaceship by mass to find velocity:
[tex]\begin{aligned} & (\text{Velocity of Spaceship, after}) \\ =\; & \frac{(\text{Momentum of Spaceship})}{(\text{mass of Spaceship})} \\ =\; & \frac{((-1.06000\times 10^{6})\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}})}{(110000.0\; {\rm kg})} \\ \approx\; & 9.64\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex].
the filament of a light bulb has a resistance of 20.0 ω at 20oc and 160 ω when the light is on. find the temperature of the filament when the light is on. (the temperature coefficient of resistivity is 3.50x10-3 oc-1.)
The temperature of the filament of the bulb when the light is on is equal to 2020° C.
What is temperature of coefficient of resistance?
The change in electrical resistance of a substance with respect to each degree of temperature change is known as the temperature coefficient of resistance sometimes also called as Coefficient of resistivity.
As a result, the process of electron collision within the material determines the electrical resistance of conductors like gold, aluminum, silver, and copper. The process of electron collision speeds up and becomes more rapid as temperature rises. As a result, the resistance will climb as the conductor's temperature rises.
Given in the question,
Initial temperature, T₀ = 20°C
Initial Resistance, R₀ = 20.0 Ω
Final resistance, R = 160 Ω
Coefficient of resistivity, α = 3.50 * 10⁻³ °C⁻¹
and we have to fund the final temperature, T
The change in resistance and temperature is given by the equation:
[tex]R = R_0 [ 1 + \alpha (T - T_0)][/tex]
This equation can also be written as:
[tex]T = \frac{{\frac{R}{R_0}-1} }{\alpha} + T_0[/tex]
On putting the values from the question we get:
[tex]T = \frac{{\frac{160}{20}-1} }{3.5 \times 10^{-3}} + 20[/tex]
T = 2020° C
Hence, the final temperature of the filament is 2020° C.
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calculate the moment of inertia of a thin, uniform rod of length l and mass m that rotates about a pivot at distance l/3 from one end.
Mass moment of inertia is a quantity that measures the degree of inertia of a body for rotational motion = ML²/9
A rigid body's moment of inertia, also referred to as its mass moment of inertia, angular mass, second moment of mass, or, more precisely, rotational inertia, is a property that establishes the torque required to achieve a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis, much like mass establishes the force required to achieve a desired acceleration.
Depending on the axis selected and the distribution of the body's mass, a change in the body's rate of rotation will need a greater torque for bigger moments.
The moment of inertia for a point mass is just the mass times the square of the distance perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This is an extensive (additive) property.
Find the attachment of answer
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a knight sits on a castle wall during a siege. to while away the time, he notes that boul- ders catapulted from below land on the top of his wall with a vertical velocity of 7.6 m/s. if he is 35 m above the catapult, what is the initial velocity of the boulders? the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . answer in units of m/s.
A knight sits on a castle wall during a siege. to while away the time, he notes that boul- ders catapulted from below land on the top of his wall with a vertical velocity of 7.6 m/s. if he is 35 m above the catapult, what is the initial velocity of the boulders? the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . answer in units of m/s. v = 28.21 m/s
vertical velocity of the boulder = 5.6 m/s
height of catapult = 39 m
initial velocity = ?
acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²
maximum height attained
v² = u² + 2 as
5.6² = = 2 g h
h = 5.6^2/2*9.8
h = 1.6 m
total height above catapulted
H = 39 + 1.6 = 40.6 m
v = under root 2gh
v = under root 3*9.8*40.6
v = 28.21 m/s
so the intial velocity is equal to v = 28.21 m/s
A siege is a navy blockade of a metropolis, or fortress, with the motive of conquering with the aid of attrition, or a well-organized assault. This derives from Latin: sedere, lit. 'to sit down'. Siege warfare is a shape of regular, low-depth struggle characterised by means of one birthday party conserving a sturdy, static, protective role. consequently, an possibility for negotiation among opponents is common, as proximity and fluctuating benefit can encourage diplomacy. The art of undertaking and resisting sieges is called siege struggle, siegecraft, or poliorcetics.
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A coin (5 grams), a small parachute (21 grams), and a hammer (710 grams) are all dropped from a height of 10 meters. The coin and the hammer take about the same amount of time to fall. Which statement describes the time it takes for the parachute to fall?
A. It takes less time to fall because it has the least mass.
B. It takes longer to fall because it experiences greater air resistance.
C. It takes the same amount of time to fall because the effect of gravity is the same.
D. It takes less time to fall because it has the most surface area.
Answer: The anwser is B
Explanation:
I say B because a parrashut will take longer a parichute can hold a man up
It can definetly keep its self up.
The parachute takes longer to fall because it experiences greater air resistance. Hence, option (B) is correct.
What is acceleration due to gravity?The acceleration an object experiences as a result of gravitational force is known as acceleration due to gravity. M/s2 is its SI unit.
Its vector nature—which includes both magnitude and direction—makes it a quantity. The unit g stands for gravitational acceleration.
At sea level, the standard value of g on earth's surface is 9.8 m/s^2.
Hence, a coin (5 grams), a small parachute (21 grams), and a hammer (710 grams) - all of them remain same acceleration due to gravity. So, the coin and the hammer take about the same amount of time to fall. But the parachute takes longer to fall because it experiences greater air resistance.
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A bus and a truck leave a gas station at the same time and are headed to the same destination. If the bus traveled 180 miles in 3 hours, and the truck traveled 210 miles in 7 hours, who is on pace to reach the destination first?.
In the given case, The Bus is on pace to reach the destination first.
Explain in detail.
To find which truck will arrive first, you need to find each vehicle's mph. To get the mph of each vehicle you just need to divide the distance by time.
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Under normal conditions the human heart converts about 12.5J of chemical energy per second into 1.25 W of mechanical power as it pumps blood throughout the body. (a) Determine the number of Calories required to power the heart for one day, given that 1 Calorie equals 4186 J. ________ Cal (b) Metabolizing 1 kg of fat can release about 9000 Calories of energy. What mass of metabolized fat (in kg) would power the heart for one day? _____ kg
(a) The number of Calories required to power the heart for one day is 258 Cal.
(b) The mass of metabolized fat that would power the heart for one day is 0.0287 kg.
What is the number of Calories required to power the heart?
The number of Joules of energy required to power the heart for one day is calculated as follows;
Power = 12.5 J / s
Energy = power x time
time = 1 day = 86400 seconds
Energy pumped by heart in one day = 12.5 J/s x 86400 s = 1,080,000 J
The number of calories contained in 1,080,000 J of chemical energy is calculated as;
1 Calorie = 4186 J
= 1,080,000 J / 4186 J
= 258 Cal
The mass of metabolized fat that would power the heart for one day is calculated as;
9000 Cal = 1 kg
258 Cal = ?
= 258 / 9000
= 0.0287 kg
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Once you set a ball rolling in a frictionless bowling alley, the force needed to keep it rolling is.
No alternative is appropriate once you start a ball moving in such a frictionless bowling alley; the force required to keep it rolling is.
A bowling lane has how much friction?The friction variance along the length of modern bowling alleys is modulated by an oil coating. The coefficient of friction is typically 0.04 in oiled regions and 0.2 in unoiled portions.
What does friction have to do with bowling?
A bowling ball goes more quickly the lower its coefficient of friction. The slower a ball moves down the path, the more friction it has. The form, weight, and surface texture of the ball are only a few of the variables that determine friction. When your ball makes contact with the lane, all of these elements affect friction.
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What is the frequency of the wave
Answer:
The frequency of a wave is the number of waves that pass by each second, and is measured in Hertz (Hz).
Explanation:
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. after the helium flash, the sun will settle onto the horizontal branch in the h-r diagram. there it is stably burning helium in its core. assume that the helium burning dominates the luminosity of the star (over the h shell burning), and that the luminosity of the sun on horizontal branch is 50 l . further assume that the core is 10% of the mass of the star. for approximately how long can the sun burn he in its core
The duration that helium will burn in the core of the sun is t = 2.144 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] years.
What is Helium?
The chemical element helium has the atomic number 2 and the symbol He. It is the first member of the noble gas group in the periodic table and is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas. Of all the elements, it has the lowest melting and boiling points.
What are the Calculations?
Let's take the core as 10% of the mass of the star
core mass = 10% of M
= 0.1 M
= 0.1 × 2×[tex]10^{30}[/tex] kg
The luminosity of the sun on a horizontal branch is 50 L
= 50 × 3.78 × [tex]10^{26}[/tex] joule/sec
Each time 4 hydrogen nuclei fuse into the helium nucleus, 0.7% of the mass of hydrogen is converted into energy.
so, the total mass that can be converted to energy
M = 0.1×0.007×2×[tex]10^{30}[/tex] Joule/sec.
= 1.4 × [tex]10^{27}[/tex]kg
so, energy converted, E = M[tex]c^{2}[/tex]
= 1.4 ×[tex]10^{27}[/tex] × [tex]3 * 10^{8} * 3 * 10^{8}[/tex]
E = 1.26 × [tex]10^{44}[/tex] joule.
So, the duration through which it will burn, t [tex]= \frac{1.26 * 10^{44} joule }{50 * 3.78 * 10^{26} joule/sec}[/tex]
Hence, the duration that Helium will burn in the core of the sun is t = 2.144 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] years.
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a beam of white light goes from air into water at an incident angle of 75o. at what angles are the red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) parts of the light refracted?
Consequently, the refraction angles for red and violet light are 46.5° and 46.0°, respectively.
What is the index for refraction?The difference between the speed of light in a vacuum and that in a medium, denoted by the letters c and c', is known as the index of refraction (n): The propagation vector in the new medium has a different angle with respect to the normal when light travels from one medium to another at an angle as a result of this speed difference. In optics, an optical media's refractive index—a dimensionless number that indicates how well the medium bends light—is used to measure that medium's optical properties. When light enters a substance, its refractive index influences how much of its path is bent.
Why do we use refractive index?A material's refractive index, which is quantified, indicates how much a light path is bent or refracted when it penetrates that material. The critical angle for total internal reflection and the amount of light that is reflected when it reaches the contact are both determined by the index of refraction.
Briefing:For light of a specific color and a specific set of media, the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction ratio is constant.
According to Snell's law.
The formula for Snell's law is
n=sini/sinr
I stands for incidence angle.
The refraction angle is r.
The medium's refractive index is n.
For red light,
n=sini/sinr
1.331=〖sin75〗^°/sinr
sinr=〖sin75〗^°/1.331
r=〖sin〗^(-1) (0.7258)
r=46.5°
Consequently, the red light refraction angle is 46.5°.
For violet light,
n=sini/sinr
1.342=〖sin75〗^°/sinr
sinr=〖sin75〗^°/1.342
r=〖sin〗^(-1) (0.7197)
r=46.0°
Consequently, the violet light's angle of refraction is 46.0°.
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Complete question is:a beam of white light goes from air into water at an incident angle of 75o. at what angles are the red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) parts of the light refracted? Red light in water has an index of refraction equal to 1.331 and that of violet light is 1.342.
which energies change as the bobsled moves down the slope and hits the spring? select all that apply.
In our bobsleds, the bobsled's potential energy on the ramp was converted into kinetic energy as it descended the ramp, and then thermal energy as friction as it came to a stop.
What does science mean by a potential energy?The term "potential energy" describes the energy that is held within an object due to the object's position, state, and arrangement. It is one of the two essential types of energy; the other is energy. The object's position, status, or configuration changes, releasing the stored energy.
Describe a potential energy example.Due to its position, an object might accumulate energy. If a demolition machine's heavy ball is held in an elevated position, for instance, it can store energy. Potential energy is the name for this kinetic energy that is held in a position. As a result of its location, a drawn bow can also store energy.
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the uniform seesaw shown below is balanced on a fulcrum located 3.0 m from the left end. the smaller boy on the right has a mass of 40 kg and the bigger boy on the left has a mass 80 kg. what is the mass of the board?
126 kg is the mass of the board (in kg)
m1=41 kg
m2= 85 kg
r1=3m
mass of the board= m1+m2
mass of the board=41+85
mass of the board=126 kg
In physics, mass is a way to describe inertia, a quality that all matter shares. Essentially, it is a mass of matter's resistance to altering its direction or speed in reaction to the application of a force. The amount of change caused by an applied force decreases as a body's mass increases. The kilogram, the ISU's unit of mass, is equal to 6.62607015 1034 joule seconds using Planck's constant (SI). One joule is created by multiplying one kilogram by one square meter per second. The kilogram is determined by exact measurements of Planck's constant because the second and the meter have already been defined in terms of other physical constants.
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Dancers experience large forces associated with the jumps they make. For example, when a dancer lands after a vertical jump, the force exerted on the head by the neck must exceed the head?s weight by enough to cause the head to slow down and come to rest. The head is about 9. 4% of a typical person?s mass. Video analysis of a 64 kg dancer landing after a vertical jump shows that her head slows down from 4. 2 m/s to rest in a time of 0. 21 s.
Compared with the force her neck exerts on her head during landing, the force that head exerts on her neck is 1845.76 N. Deceleration is same during first half and second half and hence force will also be same.
What is force?In physics, an influence that change the motion of an object is called force.
The head decelerates from 4 m /s to zero in .21 sec ;
Deceleration = (4 - 0) / 0.21
= 19.04 m/s²
If F is the average force, then
F - mg = ma
So Force, F = m ( g + a )
= 64 ( 9.8 + 19.04 )
F = 1845.76 N.
This force will be uniformly acting on head in the upward direction . Therefore deceleration is same during first half and second half and hence force F will also be same.
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Determine which the following are defined Whenever they occur denctes multivariable function and denotes vector field both of which are twice continuously differentiable on common domain_ (Select all that apply.) V . (F . Vf) V. (V x Vf) V x (V . F) V x (V x f) V x (V x F) V . (V x F)
Yes, all of the above are defined whenever they occur and denote multivariable functions and vector fields which are twice continuously differentiable on a common domain.
What is vector field?
A vector field is the assignment of the a vector to each point inside a subset of space in the fields of vector calculus and physics. For example, a vector field inside the plane could be visualised as a group of arrows, each attached to the a point in the plane and each with a specific magnitude and direction. Vector fields are frequently used to simulate various physical phenomena, such as the strength and motion of a force as it shifts through one point to the next or the speed and trajectory of a fluid moving through space.
The first expression, V . (F . Vf), denotes a multivariable function which is the dot product of a vector V and the composition of a function F with a vector field Vf.
The second expression, V . (V x Vf), denotes a multivariable function which is the dot product of a vector V and the cross product of a vector V and a vector field Vf.
The third expression, V x (V . F), denotes a vector field which is the cross product of a vector V and the dot product of a vector V and a function F.
The fourth expression, V x (V x f), denotes a vector field which is the cross product of a vector V and the cross product of a vector V and a function f.
The fifth expression, V x (V x F), denotes a vector field which is the cross product of a vector V and the cross product of a vector V and a function F.
The sixth expression, V . (V x F), denotes a multivariable function which is the dot product of a vector V and the cross product of a vector V and a function F.
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a wheel and axle on a bicycle are designed with an axle radius of 0.125 meters and a wheel radius of 0.5 meters. if a force of 800 newtons is applied to the axle, what is the maximum output force of the bike wheel?
If the axle is subjected to a force = 800 newtons. The bike wheel's maximum output force, f, is 200 N.
What is the definition of force?The definition of force in physics is: The pushing or pull on a massed object changes its velocity. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.
How do you determine force?Newton's second motion law provides the definition of the force formula: An object's force is equal to its mass times its acceleration, or F = m a. You must use SI units for this formula: kilograms for mass and newtons for force.
Briefing:The radii of the axle or wheel are R and r, respectively.
The respective applied forces are F and f.
R = 0.5 m
r = 0.125 m
F = 800 N
maximum output force = R/r = F/f,
0.5/0.125 = 800/f
f = 800*0.125/0.5
f = 200N
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a guitar string that is attached at both ends is 40 cm long and produces a fundamental note of frequency 200 hz when it is plucked. what are the frequencies of the first and second overtones of this string?
The first and second overtones are 400hz and 600hz respectively
What is overtone In a stretched string?When a string vibrates in section, it produces overtones. The lowest frequency produced from a plucked string when the string vibrates in one loop is called fundamental frequency. But when it vibrates in multiple loops it is called overtone. Overtones are also called Harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
The first , second and third overtones in a string is 2fo , 3fo and 4fo , where fo is the fundamental frequency.
Therefore if the fundamental frequency is 200hz, the first overtone is 2×200 = 400hz and the second overtone is 3×200 = 600hz.
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a binary star system has two stars where the low mass star orbits the more massive star at a distance of 3 au. they orbit each other with a period of 2 years. their combined mass in solar units is
Their combined mass in solar units is 9.813.
Distance is the numerical often qualitative size of how some distance aside items or factors are. In physics or regular usage, the distance may check with a physical duration or an estimation primarily based on other criteria.
The space between two factors in physical space is the period of an immediate line among them, that's the shortest feasible course.
It reduces the entire international or part of the arena to a small sheet of paper. At the same time as making a map, cartographers pay attention to properly constitute the distance between two locations.
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calculate the velocity and kinetic energy with which electrons strike the target of an x-ray tube operated at 50,000 volts. what is the short-wavelength limit of the continuous spectrum emitted and the maximum energy per quantum (in joules) of radiation?
The kinetic energy is 8 × 10⁻¹⁵ J , the velocity equals 1.3 × 10⁸ m/s, and the wavelength is 0.248A°, according to the provided statement.
What wavelength is it?A waveform signal that is carried in space or down a wire has a wavelength, which is the separation between two identical places (adjacent emblems) in the consecutive cycles. This length is typically specified in wireless systems in metres (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm)
What is the wavelength measured in?The wavelength in the SI system is measured in meters, commonly abbreviated as m. The multiples or decimals of a metre are also used to measure wavelength. Notably, when wavelengths are a significant feature, hyperbolic factors of 10 are used.
Briefing:Kinetic energy = charge × potential difference
Here , charge on electron = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁸C
Potential difference = 50,000 volts
So, Kinetic energy = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹C × 50,000 volts = 8 × 10⁻¹⁵ J
We know,
Kinetic energy = 1/2mv²
8 × 10⁻¹⁵ = 1/2 × 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ × v² [ ∵ m is the mass of electron , e.g., 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ Kg]
v² = 16/9.1× 10¹⁶
v ≈ 1.3 × 10⁸ m/s
As a result, the target is struck by the striking electron with a speed of 1.3 × 10⁸ m/s
Now, wavelength = λ
hc/λ = kinetic energy
1/λ = 8 × 10⁻¹⁵/6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸
λ = 6.626 × 3 × 10⁻²⁶/8 × 10⁻¹⁵ = 0.248 × 10⁻¹⁰ m
hence, wavelength is 0.248A°
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the sun appears to move across the sky, because the earth spins on its axis. to a person standing on the earth, the sun subtends an angle of sun 9.28 103 rad (see conceptual example 2). how much time (in seconds) does it take for the sun to move a distance equal to its own diameter?
During the day, the Sun appears to move across the sky from Earth and disappears at night. As a result of the Earth's eastward rotation, this has occurred.
Why does the Sun appears to move across the sky because?Our nearest star to us is the Sun. Both light and heat are produced by the Sun. Furthermore, it emits harmful ultraviolet light that can lead to cancer and sunburn. Without the Sun, our planet would be completely dark and frozen, devoid of oceans of liquid water and life. There would also be no daylight.1.4 million kilometers across, or 109 Earths lined up side by side, is the size of this enormous ball of extremely hot gas. It weighs the equivalent of 330 000 Earths at 2 million trillion trillion trillion kilograms. The Sun could accommodate about 1 300 000 Earths!From Earth, the Sun appears to move across the sky during the day and vanish during the night. The reason for this is that the Earth is rotating eastward. The North and South poles serve as the Earth's North and South axes, around which the planet revolves. As a result, the Sun appears to rise in the east in the morning and rise steadily in the sky until it reaches its midday position to us here on the rotating Earth. Later in the afternoon, the Sun appears to descend further into the sky before setting in the west.The Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers away, despite appearing small when seen at sunrise or sunset.Even though sunlight is moving at a speed of about 300 000 km/s, it takes about 8 minutes to reach us from this distance. The Sun sets eight minutes after the actual event, according to this.To Learn more About volume of data refer to:
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element c above has a strong emission line around 450 nm. does this emission line represent a lower energy or higher energy transition than the emission line at 627 nm? explain your answer. (2 points)
According to the given photon energy formula and with the two emission lines mentioned, it can be concluded that the emission line at 627 nm represents a lower transition energy than the emission line at 450 nm.
It is given to us that -
Element C has a strong emission line around 450 nm.
There is also another emission line at 627 nm.
We have to find out the emission line that has a lower energy or higher energy transition.
We know that Transition energy is the energy required for electrons in the sample to move from one quantum state to another.
Emission spectra measure energy in the form of light emitted when energy is added to a molecule to excite it, support this electronic transition, and move from the excited quantum state to the ground state or the basic state that they were in initially.
This transition energy depends on the wavelength of the emitted radiation which can be represented as a photon energy formula such as -
E = h c / λ
Therefore, from the given photon energy formula and with the two emission lines mentioned, it can be concluded that the emission line at 627 nm represents a lower transition energy than the emission line at 450 nm.
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A satellite that goes around the earth once every 24 hours is called a geosynchronous satellite. If a geosynchronous satellite is in an equatorial orbit, its position appears stationary with respect to a ground station, and it is known as a geostationary satellite.
Find the radius R of the orbit of a geosynchronous satellite that circles the earth. (Note that R is measured from the center of the earth, not the surface.) You may use the following constants:
The universal gravitational constant G is 6.67×10−11Nm2/kg2.
The mass of the earth is 5.98×1024kg.
The mass of the satellite is 2.10×102kg.
The radius of the earth is 6.38×106m.
Give the orbital radius in meters to three significant digits.
The radius of the orbit of a geosynchronous satellite that circles the Earth is calculated to be 4.23 x 10^7 m
As the given time period is 24 hours, we first convert it into seconds as follows;
24 x 3600 = 86,400 seconds
The formula for the time period of the satellite can be given as;
T = 2π √r³ ÷ GM
Here r represents the radius, M represents the mass of the Earth and G illustrates the universal gravitational constant.
86,400 = 2 × 3.14 √r³ ÷ (6.67×10^−11) (5.98×10^24)
1.89 × 10^8 = r³ ÷ (6.67×10^−11) (5.98×10^24)
r = 4.23 x 10^7 m
Therefore the radius of the orbit of a geosynchronous satellite is 4.23 x 10^7 m
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ultrasound is used to view the interior of the body, much as x rays are utilized. for sharp imagery, the wavelength of the sound should be around one-fourth (or less) the size of the objects to be viewed. approximately what frequency of sound is needed to produce a clear image of a tumor that is 1.00 mm across if the speed of sound in the tissue is 1550 m/s ?
The frequency of sound needed to produce a clear image of a tumour that is 1.00 mm across is approximately 6.2 MHz (6,200,000 Hz).
What is frequency?
The amount of times this same alternating current (AC) circuits from positive to negative in a second is referred to as frequency. In direct currents, this switching doesn't really take place (DC). Hertz is the unit of frequency (Hz). For instance, a current is said to have a frequency of 60 Hz if it switches from positive to negative 60 times per second. The period of an AC current is the length of time it takes for one cycle to complete, during which the voltage changes from 0 (zero) to positive to negative and back to 0 (zero). The frequency is the reciprocal of the period. In contrast to low frequency, which has fewer waves per second as well as a longer period, high frequency refers to the number of waves produced per second.
This can be calculated using the equation f = v/λ,
which states that the frequency of sound (f) is equal to the speed of sound (v) divided by the wavelength (λ).
The wavelength of sound for this scenario is equal to the size of the object being viewed (1.00 mm), and the speed of sound in the tissue is 1550 m/s. Therefore, plugging these values into the equation, we get f = 1550/0.001 = 6,200,000 Hz, or 6.2 MHz.
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A 40 kg crate is pulled at a constant velocity. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.5 and the crate moves 7 m . How much work is done?
A 40 kg crate is pulled at a constant velocity. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.5 and the crate moves 7 m . The amount of work done is 140 joule.
What is work done?
When an object is moved over a distance by an external force, at least a portion of that force must be applied in the direction of the displacement.
By multiplying the length of the path by the component of the force acting along the path, work can be calculated if the force is constant. The work W is equal to the force f times the distance d, or W = fd, to mathematically describe this idea.
The work is W = fd cos if the force is applied at an angle of to the displacement. Performing work on a body involves moving it in its entirety from one location to another as well as.
Therefore, A 40 kg crate is pulled at a constant velocity. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.5 and the crate moves 7 m . The amount of work done is 140 joule.
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a 873-kg (1930-lb) dragster, starting from rest completes a 403.1-m (0.2519-mile) run in 4.935 s. if the car had a constant acceleration, what would be its acceleration and final velocity? m/s2
The acceleration of the dragster is 33.1 m/s².
The final velocity of the dragster is 163.4 m/s.
What is the acceleration of the dragster?
The acceleration of the dragster is calculated by applying the following kinematic equation.
s = ut + ¹/₂at²
where;
u is the initial velocity of the dragstera is the accelerations is the distance traveledt is the time of motions = 0 + ¹/₂at²
a = ( 2s ) / t²
a = (2 x 403.1) / (4.935²)
a = 33.1 ms/²
The final velocity of the dragster is calculated as follows;
v² = u² + 2as
v² = 0 + 2(33.1)(403.1)
v² = 26,685.22
v = √ (26,685.22)
v = 163.4 m/s
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Which properties describe elements that are nonmetal gases? Select all that apply.
B. Composed of individual atoms or diatomic molecules.
D. Low melting point.
F. Weak attractions between particles (option - B,D and F) are correct.
What characteristics do nonmetals share with metals?They are either solids (carbon, sulfur) or gases (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen) under normal conditions. Nonmetals have many other characteristics in common as well.
They are not efficient heat or electricity conductors.
In their solid state, they are very fragile.
They lack ductility and malleability.
They typically have densities lower than metals.
Their melting and boiling points are typically lower than those of metals. Carbon is the lone exception.
High ionization energies characterize them.
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one of the most common faults of directors is not establishing a clear in a production. at a performance, we are often impatient to see what is coming next, and the director must see to it that the movement from moment to moment and scene to scene has enough drive.
Now that even the director is finished, it is up to the stage manager to put on a dependable performance that upholds the director's intent for the duration of the production.
This entire procedure typically takes 8 to 12 weeks for most projects, though it could take longer for a brand-new or complicated production. When important individuals are absent, sick, out of town, working on another project, or otherwise unavailable, the PA is frequently brought in to perform a number of roles. The position of production assistant and assistant director are sometimes interchangeable in facilities. A dramaturg is a person who reads new plays, collaborates with playwrights on the creation of new scripts, seeks out underappreciated plays from the past, and conducts extensive research on plays.
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n the preceding question, you have calculated the frequency of a molecular vibration. the molecule can absorb light at this frequency. the light happens to be in the infrared (ir) part of the spectrum. it is common to quantify the energy of ir photons using inverse centimeters instead of inverse seconds. to do so, one divides the frequency by the speed of light expressed in cm/sec. what is the energy of the infrared photon corresponding to the frequency from the preceding problem, in cm-1?
The Energy of the Infrared photon is 45.678* [tex]10^{-21}[/tex] J
The parameters are :
Frequency (f) = [tex]6.9 * 10^{13}[/tex] Hz
Energy is given by E = hf
where h is the Planck's constant = h = 6.62* [tex]10^{26}[/tex]
Putting these values in the formula for energy,
We evaluate the energy of the infrared photon as,
E = hf
E = [tex]6.62 *10^{-34} * 6.9 *10^{13}[/tex] = 45.678* [tex]10^{-21}[/tex]
IR emissions from materials are measured using infrared spectroscopy at certain wavelengths. As photons (light particles) are absorbed or released by electrons in molecules as the electrons pass between orbits, or energy levels, the IR spectrum of a material will exhibit distinctive dips and peaks.
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Exercise 1:
A small puck of mass m=150g is at rest on a horizontal surface. Ignore the frictional forces.
a) Calculate the magnitude of the normal force.
b) At t=0, we apply on the puck a horizontal and constant force F-0. 30 N.
b. 1) Calculate the acceleration of the puck.
b. 2) Calculate the distance covered by the puck then its speed at t₁-0. 50 s.
| Take
Take g-9. 80m/s²
0N is the magnitude of the normal force. 0.002 m/s is the acceleration of the puck when we apply on the puck a horizontal and constant force F-0. 30 N (Newton).
What is the S.I unit of Force?the S.I unit of force is Newton (N) which is defined as 1N=1Kgm/[tex]s^{2}[/tex].
Data given:
Mass of puck=150g
puck at rest means a (acceleration =0)
Now to find the magnitude of the normal force.
F=ma
F=150*0
F=0N
Hence, 0N is the magnitude of the normal force.
Now, When we apply on the puck a horizontal and constant force F-0. 30 N.
then to find the acceleration of the puck.
a=F/m
a=0.30N/150
a=0.002 m/s
Hence, 0.002 m/s is the acceleration of the puck when we apply on the puck a horizontal and constant force F-0. 30 N.
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