A frictionless piston-cylinder contains carbon dioxide gas (CO2) initially at 500oC and 2 MPa. The system is o3 cooled in an isobaric process until the final temperature becomes 350 C and the final volume is 1 m . For this process, determine: (a) The reduced pressure and the reduced temperature of the initial state. (b) The initial volume of the piston-cylinder (in m3). (c) The mass of CO2 in the piston-cylinder (in kg). (d) The total boundary work for the process (in kJ). (e) The amount of heat transfer during the cooling process (in kJ).
Answer:
(a) The reduced pressure is 0.2711 MPa
The reduced temperature is 2.54 K
(b) The initial volume of the piston is approximately 0.806 m³
(c) The mass of CO₂ is approximately 16.9884 kg
(d) The work done, W is approximately 388.023 kJ
(e) The heat transfer is approximately -2,650.1904 kJ
Explanation:
The initial temperature of the piston-cylinder, T₁ = 500°C = 773.15 K
The initial pressure of the gas, P₁ = 2 MPa
The final temperature of the gas, T₂ = 350°C
The final volume of the gas = 1 m³
(a) For an isobaric process, we have;
The reduced pressure,
[tex]P_r = \dfrac{P}{P_c}[/tex]
The critical pressure of carbon dioxide, [tex]P_c[/tex] = 7.3773 MPa
[tex]P_r = \dfrac{2 \, MPa}{7.3773 \, MPa} \approx 0.2711 \, MPa[/tex]
The reduced pressure, [tex]P_r[/tex] = 0.2711 MPa
The critical temperature, [tex]T_c[/tex] = 304.13 K
The reduced temperature, [tex]T_r[/tex], is given by the following formula;
[tex]T_r = \dfrac{T}{T_c}[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]T_r[/tex] = (773.15 K)/(304.13 K) = 2.54216947 K
The reduced temperature, [tex]T_r[/tex] ≈ 2.54 K
(b) The initial volume of the piston, V₁ = (V₂/T₂) × T₁
∴ V₁ = (1 m³/773.15) × 623.15 = 0.80598848865 m³ ≈ 0.806 m³
The initial volume of the piston, V₁ ≈ 0.806 m³
(c) The number of moles of CO₂ in the cylinder, 'n', is given according to the following formula;
n = P·V/(T·R)
The universal gas constant, n = (2 × 10⁶Pa × 1 m³)/(623.15 K × 8.3145 J/(mol·K)) ≈ 386.0124 moles
The mass of CO₂ ≈ 386.0124 moles × 44.01 g/mol = 16.9884 kg
(d) The work done, W = P·([tex]V_f - V_i[/tex])
W = 2 × 10⁶ × (1 - 0.80598848865) = 388023.0227
The work done, W ≈ 388.023 kJ
(e) The heat transfer dQ = m·[tex]c_p[/tex] ×(T₂ - T₁)
[tex]c_p[/tex] for CO₂ ≈ 1.04 kJ/(kg·K)
∴ dQ = 16.9884 × 1.04 × (350 - 500) = -2,650.1904 kJ
Therefore, the heat transfer = dQ = -2,650.1904 kJ
A 1.6 kg ball is attached to the end of a 0.40 m string to form a pendulum. This pendulum is released from rest with the string horizontal. At the lowest point of its swing, when it is moving horizontally, the ball collides with a 0.80 kg block that is at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface. The speed of the block just after the collision is 3 m/s. What is the speed of the ball just after the collision
Answer:
the speed of the ball just after the collision is 1.5 m/s.
Explanation:
Given;
mass of the ball, m₁ = 1.6 kg
initial velocity of the ball, u₁ = 0
mass of the block, m₂ = 0.8 kg
initial velocity of the block, u₂ = 0
final velocity of the block, v₂ = 3 m/s
let the final velocity of the ball after collision = v₁
Apply the principle of conservation of linear momentum for elastic collision;
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
1.6 x 0 + 0.8 x 0 = 1.6 x v₁ + 0.8 x 3
0 = 1.6v₁ + 2.4
-1.6v₁ = 2.4
v₁ = -2.4 / 1.6
v₁ = - 1.5 m/s
v₁ = 1.5 m/s (in opposite direction of the block)
Therefore, the speed of the ball just after the collision is 1.5 m/s.
As Carlos and Manual both push a 4 kg box to the right across a rough floor, the box speeds up at a rate of 2.0 m/s2.(Hint, this is the acceleration.) If you assume that Manual pushes with a force strength of 8.0 N and the friction force of the floor on the box is 5.0 N, then what is the strength of the force that Carlos pushes on the box
Answer: 5 N
Explanation:
Given
Mass of box [tex]m=4\ kg[/tex]
acceleration of box [tex]a=2\ m/s^2[/tex]
Force applied by Manual [tex]F_m=8\ N[/tex]
Friction force [tex]f=5\ N[/tex]
The net force on the block is [tex]F_{net}=m\times a=4\times 2=8 \N[/tex]
Suppose [tex]F_c[/tex] is the force applied by Carlos
[tex]\Rightarrow F_m+F_c-f=F_{net}\\\Rightarrow F_c=F_{net}-F_m+f\\\Rightarrow F_c=8-8+5=5\ N[/tex]
The strength of the force that Carlos pushes on the box will be [tex]F_c=5\ N[/tex]
What is force?The force is defined as the external effort applied on any object to move it or to restrict it.
Here following information is given in the question:
Mass of the box m=4 kg
The acceleration of the box [tex]a=2\ \frac{m}{s^2}[/tex]
The force applied by the Manual [tex]F_m=8\ N[/tex]
The frictional force is [tex]F_f=5\ N[/tex]
The net force on the body will be calculated by
[tex]F_{net}=m\times a=4\times 2=8\ N[/tex]
The force that Carlos pushes on the box will be calculated by the equilibrium of the forces:
[tex]F_m+F_c-F_f=F_{net}[/tex]
[tex]8+F_c-5=8[/tex]
[tex]F_c=5\ N[/tex]
Thus the strength of the force that Carlos pushes on the box will be [tex]F_c=5\ N[/tex]
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a 1.5 kg ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of 15 m/s. if the initial potential energy is taken as zero, find the ball's kinetic, potential, and mechanical energies (a) a its initial position, (b) at 5 m above the initial position, and (c) at its maximum height
Answer:
a) [tex] E_{p} = 0 [/tex]
[tex] E_{k} = 168.7 J [/tex]
[tex] E_{m} = 168.7 J [/tex]
b) [tex] E_{p} = 73.6 J [/tex]
[tex] E_{k} = 95.8 J [/tex]
[tex] E_{m} = 169.4 J [/tex]
c) [tex] E_{p} = 169.2 J [/tex]
[tex] E_{k} = 0 [/tex]
[tex] E_{m} = 169.2 J [/tex]
Explanation:
We have:
m: is the ball's mass = 1.5 kg
v₀: is the initial speed = 15 m/s
g: is the gravity acceleration = 9.81 m/s²
a) In the initial position we have:
h: is the height = 0
The potential energy is given by:
[tex] E_{p} = mgh = 0 [/tex]
The kinetic energy is:
[tex] E_{k} = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2} = \frac{1}{2}*1.5*(15)^{2} = 168.7 J [/tex]
And the mechanical energies:
[tex] E_{m} = E_{p} + E_{k} = 0 + 168.7 J = 168.7 J [/tex]
b) At 5 m above the initial position we have:
h = 5 m
The potential energy is:
[tex] E_{p} = mgh = 1.5*9.81*5 = 73.6 J [/tex]
Now, to find the kinetic energy we need to calculate the speed at 5 m:
[tex] v_{f}^{2} = v_{0}^{2} - 2gh = (15)^{2} - 2*9.81*5 = 126.9 [/tex]
[tex] v_{f} = \sqrt{126.9} = 11.3 m/s [/tex]
[tex] E_{k} = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2} = \frac{1}{2}*1.5*(11.3)^{2} = 95.8 J [/tex]
And the mechanical energies:
[tex] E_{m} = E_{p} + E_{k} = 73.6 + 95.8 J = 169.4 J [/tex]
c) At its maximum height:
[tex] v_{f}[/tex]: is the final speed = 0
[tex] h = \frac{v_{0}^{2}}{2g} = \frac{(15)^{2}}{2*9.81} = 11.5 m [/tex]
Now, the potential, kinetic and mechanical energies are:
[tex] E_{p} = mgh = 1.5*9.81*11.5 = 169.2 J [/tex]
[tex] E_{k} = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2} = 0 [/tex]
[tex] E_{m} = 169.2 J + 0 = 169.2 J [/tex]
I hope it helps you!
how could you increase the gravitational potential energy of an object without changing its mass and gravity
Why do we use copper wiring?
Explanation:
The lower the level of resistivity the more electrical conductivity a metal has. Copper has low resistivity, and therefore is an excellent conductor. Copper is also less oxidative than other metals
A baseball is thrown a distance of 20 m what is its speed if it takes 0.5 seconds to cover the distance
Answer:
40m/s
Explanation:
Which examples are ways that models can help scientists solve problems? Check all that apply.
Answer:
These are the 4 correct answers that should be on your test.
A. A model can represent something very large like the solar system.
B. A model can represent something very small like a single cell.
C. A model can represent something very complex like the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
D. A model can represent something that cannot be seen or touched.
Explanation:
Need a little help here, ASAP please. The subject is simple science, not physics.
Explain why the sound waves always reach the observer after the light waves
Answer:
I think it's because the light waves travel faster than the sound waves.
The speed of light is far greater than the speed of sound hence, sound waves always reach the observer after the light waves.
What is the speed of light?Light occurs in the electromagnetic spectrum. Recall that light can be transmitted through vaccuum unlike sound.
The speed of light is far greater than the speed of sound hence, sound waves always reach the observer after the light waves.
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4. If the cooling of magma takes place slowly beneath Earth's surface, the rock is that is formed
is called
a. extrusive igneous rock
b. intrusive igneous rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. metamorphic rock
PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS ONE QUESTION
How many joules are needed to vaporize 125 g of liquid water at 100°C? The latent heat of vaporization is 2258 J/g.
Answer:
Q = 282,000 J
Explanation:
Given that,
The mass of liquid water, m = 125 g
Temperature, T = 100°C
The latent heat of vaporization, Hv = 2258 J/g.
We need to find the amount of heat needed to vaporize 125 g of liquid water. We can find it as follows :
[tex]Q=mH_v\\\\Q=125\ g\times 2285\ J/g\\\\Q=282250\ J[/tex]
or
Q = 282,000 J
So, the required heat is 282,000 J .
An instrument that produces an electric current in the presence of
a radioactive substance is called a
a. particle accelerator.
b. Geiger counter.
c. cloud chamber.
d. bubble chamber.
Answer:
Option B, Geiger counter
Explanation:
Why are special techniques and extinguishing agents are required to fight combustible metals fires?
A young parent is dragging a 65 kg (640 N) sled (this includes the mass of two kids) across some snow on flat ground, by means of a rope attached to the sled. The rope is at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the ground and the tension in the rope is 160 N. The sled is moving at a constant velocity of 1.5 m/s.
(a) Draw and label all forces acting on the kids + sled system. Indicate the relative size of each force by scaling the length of each force arrow appropriately
(b) Calculate the normal force acting on the system
(c) Calculate the force of friction acting on the system.
(d) Calculate the coefficient of friction between the sled and the snow.
Answer:
b) N = 560 N, c) fr = 138.56 N, d) μ = 0.247
Explanation:
a) In the attachment we can see the free body diagram of the system
b) Let's write Newton's second law on the y-axis
N + T_y -W = 0
N = W -T_y
let's use trigonometry for tension
sin θ = T_y / T
cos θ = Tₓ / T
T_y = T sin θ
Tₓ = T cos θ
we substitute
N = W - T sin 30
we calculate
N = 640 - 160 sin 30
N = 560 N
c) as the system goes at constant speed the acceleration is zero
X axis
Tₓ - fr = 0
Tₓ = fr
we substitute and calculate
fr = 160 cos 30
fr = 138.56 N
d) the friction force has the formula
fr = μ N
μ = fr / N
we calculate
μ = 138.56 / 560
μ = 0.247
C
D
7
The sun is the original source of
energy for many of our energy
resources
Which energy resource does not
originate from the sun? *
(1 Point)
.
A. Geothermal
B. Hydroelectric
C. Waves
D. Win
Answer:
geothermal
Explanation:
geothermal energy is the heat energy obtained from within the Earth. Hence not derived from Sun's energy.
3. Water near the poles receives much less solar energy than the tropical regions and often has water temperatures around 0 degrees Celsius. Why is the water in the polar
regions not completely frozen?
A color
C salinity B density
D phytoplankton
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
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A resistor, an ideal capacitor, and an ideal inductor are connected in parallel to a source of an alternating voltage of 160 V at a frequency of 250 Hz. A current of 2 A flows through the resistor and a current of 0.8 A flows through the inductor. The total current through the circuit is 2.5 A. Assess the resistance of the resistor, the capacity of the ideal capacitor, and the inductance of the ideal inductor (presume that IC > IL).
Answer:
R = 46,25 (Ω)
L = 0,07363 (H)
C = 2,7 *10⁻⁶ (F)
Explanation:
Statement problem does not specify if 160 (V) is peak voltage or RMS value. If 160 (V) is the peak value then for a sinusoidal wave, RMS value is V(rms) = 160 /√3
V(rms) = 92,49 (V)
In each branch: we have
V = I*Z V = voltage through the impedance in (V) , I current in (A)
and Z impedance in Ω
Resistor case Z = R then V = 92,49 = 2 * R
R = 92,49/2 R = 46,25 (Ω)
Inductor case |Z| = wL Then Z = 2*π*f*L V = 0,8 * |wl|
Inductor L in (H) |wL| * 0,8 = 92,49 |wL| = 92,5/0,8 w = 2*π*f 2*3,14*250= 1570
1570*L = 92,49/0,8
L = 0,07363 (H)
In the case of the capacitor
|Z| = 1/wc = 1/1570*c
The current is 2 + 0,8 = 2,8 2,8 - 2,5 = 0,3 (A)
Again V = I*Z 92,49 = 0,3 /1570*C
C = 0,3 / 1570*92,49
C = 2,7 *10⁻⁶ (F)
The stem cell therapy is ethical?
Which of the following is an example of the transformation of gravitational potential energy into motion energy (kinetic energy)?
Answer:
c
Explanation:
because a drop of water is falling and that is gravitational potential energy into motion energy
NEED HELP What color is the container for R-134a refrigerant? A. Light blue B. Yellow C. Dark green D.White and yellow
Answer:
It is A. Light blue
_____________
Hope this helps!
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┃▎▎┃╲╲╲╲╲╲┣━╯┈
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What is double stroking
Answer: The double stroke roll works just like the single stroke roll - it's played in a sequence of alternating strokes (roll). But instead of having one stroke per hand you'll have two, as shown on the sheet music below. You can use full wrist turns to play each stroke of the double stroke at slower speeds.
Explanation: hope this helps!
Explanation:
it is played as a sequence of alternating strokes
I need help with science please, ill give brianlist’s :
Question 1 :The size of a plant cell may change depending upon the amount of water it receives.
True
False
________________________________
Question 2: Chloroplasts are a category of organelles found in the cells of green plants.
True
False
_______________________________
Question 3: Photosynthesis in plants produces water and carbon dioxide.
True
False
Answer:
true , true, and I'm not sure about the last one!
Explanation:
Maurice is playing some of the arcades at the county fair. At one booth he throws a 1.2-kg ball forward with a velocity of 15 m/s and hits a 0.5-kg can
at rest. The ball continues forward at 9 m/s. What is the new velocity of the can, in m/s? (Round your answer to one decimal place if necessary.)
Answer:
9.6
Hope this helps.
Which is NOT a way to stay safe from static electricity?
a lightning rod on a building
a metal spike in an airport runway
an anti-static chain on a large truck
a run through an open field during a lightning
plssssssssssss answer not in a meen way but corrrect answer only plsssssssssssss answer correct i will drop a thx and rate yo stars ans give you brainlyest
a metal spike in an airport runway
A metal spike in an airport runway is NOT a way to stay safe from static electricity. Hence option C is correct.
What is electricity ?Electricity is a collection of physical phenomena related with the presence and motion of matter having an electric charge. Both electricity and magnetism are connected to the phenomena of electromagnetic, as defined by Maxwell's equations. Lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges, and other frequent occurrences are all connected to electricity.
An electric field is created when either a positive or negative electric charge is present. The movement of electric charges results in an electric current and a magnetic field. In most applications, a force of magnitude determined by Coulomb's law operates on a charge. Volts are commonly used to measure electric potential.
Hence option C is correct.
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Direction of Wave Travel
С
Which letter
correctly
identifies the
wavelength of
this wave?
А
B
A. A
B. B
C. C
Answer:
I THINK it's A but I'm not completely sure
What does the power source in a circuit provide?
the means to break a circuit
a path along which electricity can flow
static electricity
a steady flow of electrons
plsssssssssssssssssss answer plss not in a meen way but plssss anwer correctly
Explanation:
The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into the load appliances that they power. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices. Other functions that power supplies may perform include limiting the current drawn by the load to safe levels, shutting off the current in the event of an electrical fault, power conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage surges on the input from reaching the load, power-factor correction, and storing energy so it can continue to power the load in the event of a temporary interruption in the source power (uninterruptible power supply).
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Stay safe
What is Gravity?
PLEASE ANSWER
Answer:
Gravity is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center. The force of gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit around the sun.
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Have a great day, be safe and healthy
Thank u
XD
Answer:
GRAVITY:
In physics, gravity is the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.
Young's double slit experiment is one of the quintessential experiments in physics. The availability of low cost lasers in recent years allows us to perform the double slit experiment rather easily in class. Your professor shines a green laser (560 nm) on a double slit with a separation of 0.108 mm. The diffraction pattern shines on the classroom wall 3.0 m away. Calculate the fringe separation between the third order and central fringe.
Answer:
y = 4.666 10⁻² m
Explanation:
The constructive interference experiment for the double slit
d sin sin θ = m λ
Let's use trigonometry to find a sine relationship.
Tan θ = y / L
tan θ = sin θ/ cos θ
in these experiments the angles are very small
tan θ = sin θ
sin θ = y / L
[tex]d \frac{y}{L}[/tex] = m λ
y = [tex]\frac{ m \lambda \ L}{d}[/tex]
we replace the values
y = 3 560 10⁻⁹ 3.0 / 0.108 10⁻³
y = 4.666 10⁻² m
A planet follows an elliptical orbit that brings it as close as 21 million km to a star and as far as 75 million km from the star. At both of these locations the velocity of the planet makes a right angle to the direction to the star. If the planet's speed is 38 km/s when it is farthest from the star, how fast is it moving when it is closest to the star
Answer:
Explanation:
In an elliptical orbit , the angular momentum of the planet remains constant because velocity of planet makes a right angle to the direction to the star .
mvr = constant .
mv₁r₁ = mv₂r₂
v₁r₁ = v₂r₂
v₁ x 21 = 38 x 75
v₁ = 135.71 km/s .