what is the effect of Dideoxycytidine on the replication of viral DNA.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Several 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiapyrimidine nucleosides were studied for their ability to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication in a HBV-transfected cell line (2.2.15). 2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (SddC) and 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine(5-FSddC) were found to be the most potent anti-HBV compounds of those examined. Both compounds resulted in nearly complete cessation of viral DNA replication at 0.5 microM, as monitored by the absence of both intracellular episomal and secreted viral DNAs. The HBV-specific RNAs were not reduced at concentrations that completely blocked HBV DNA replication, suggesting that the inhibitory target is HBV DNA synthesis. The antiviral action of SddC and 5-FSddC was reversible. The concentration of SddC and 5-FSddC required to inhibit 50% of 4-day cell growth in culture was 37 microM and more than 200 microM, respectively. Unlike 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, these two compounds do not affect mitochondrial DNA synthesis in cells at concentrations lower than that required to inhibit cell growth. In view of the potent and selective antiviral activity, both SddC and 5-FSddC should be further evaluated for the treatment of human HBV infection.

Explanation:


Related Questions

Which organisms are tertiary consumers in this food web? Select all that apply.

Answers

Answer:

it is only the black cra ppie.

Explanation:

the whirl gig beetle, water cricket are secondary consumers and the copepod is a primary consumer.

what is the botanical name of milk​

Answers

Answer:

Milk of magnesium's scientific name is magnesium hydroxide, and the scientific name for milk of sulfur is precipitated sulfur.

The botanical name of milk is not applicable, as it is not a plant or a plant product. Botanical name is the scientific name given to plants, fungus and algae.

Milk is a nutrient-rich fluid produced by mammals. It is frequently consumed as a source of nutrients and is renowned for having a lot of calcium. Water, lipids, proteins, carbs, vitamins, and minerals are all present in milk in complicated proportions.

There is no particular botanical name for milk in the field of biology, which is the study of plants and their categorization. Different plant species are identified and categorized using botanical names.

Milk lacks a botanical name since it is a byproduct of animals, not plants.

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Examine the photograph. Identify at least three natural resources being used. Describe where each natural resource came from.

Answers

Answer:

Water- from water comes from a variety of sources, including many of the same sources as tap water.

Leather- from rawhide and skins. The most common raw material is cattle hide.

plastic- from cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and crude oil through a polymerisation or polycondensation process

Explanation:

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TRUE Or false NO WEIRD ANSWERS OR LINKS OR YOU WILL BE REPORTED.

Answers

Answer:

True. From what I know it's because many different organisms are on the cladogram.  

:/

explanation:

Help me please!!!!!!!! :( Past due!!!! No websites/ links/ inappropriate answers or your reported. Worth 20 points please look at all images! Which picture should I use to seem that my hypothesis is inclusive? And please explain why that specific picture

Answers

answer : i suppose the second one is better due to its more in deep explanation hope my opinion helps you

Which human activity is most affected by the increasing number of dead zones in the ocean?

Answers

Over use of plastic have an amazing day!

All electromagnetic waves have the same speed in which of the following?
A
alcohol

B
flint glass

C
a vacuum

D
water

Answers

The answer is C.A vacuum

These cnidarians have soft, flower-like bodies, and use their stinging cells to catch prey. Some have a symbiotic relationship with the clown fish.

jellyfish

sea anemone

coral

sea fan

(PLEASE HELP!!)

Answers

jelly fish i’m sorry if i’m wrong

Answer:

sea anemone

Explanation:

Before a plant grown in a greenhouse can be planted in a field or garden, it should first be ______off.
Fill in the blank please.

Answers

Answer:

hardening off

Explanation:

Which of the following describes an action taken during a winter birth that would not be needed during a summer birth?

supply additional heat source
suction mucus out of newborn’s mouth
monitor mother and newborn
rub mother’s milk on newborn lips




(for animal science)

Answers

supply additional heat

Answer:

supply additional heat source

FREE BRANLIEST IF YOU ANSWER A foul ball can be caught by the defensive team for an out.

Answers

Answer:

TRUE!! IT CAN

will say thanks: Suppose a shopping mall is built near a rabbit warren, leaving less land available for rabbits. How will this affect the environment’s carrying capacity?

Answers

The mall would cause the rabbits to lose vegetation, reducing food supply, and shelter from predators.

An experiment is set up to investigate gas exchange in aquatic plants.
The hydrogencarbonate indicator solution is orange at the start
Which colour is it after three hours?

A. blue-black
B. orange
C. purple
D. yellow​

Answers

c because they are you all that you want to be like

Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where ______________.
A. both species benefit

B. one species benefits and one is unaffected

C. one species benefits and the other is harmed

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

Answer:

the Answer is B. commensalism is the relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is not harmed or affected

what step in the water treatment process involves the removal of sediment

Answers

Answer: The first step is coagulation, which involves adding chemicals to the water. ...

The second step is called flocculation, in which larger particles called flocc form after coagulation.

Sedimentation occurs next when the heavy flocc settles to the bottom and is cleared away.

Explanation:


10. Julie has red hair, while Billy has brown hair,
Explain how differences in their chromosomes can account for this difference in appearance

Answers

Julie has one allele or set of alleles of a gene which result in her hair being red. Billy has a different allele or set of alleles of this gene, which result in his hair being brown. Julie and Billy’s DNA differs in the sequence of base pairs found along the regions of DNA that encode for hair color.

The difference in the chromosomes can account for this difference in appearance, as hair color is caused by of  DNA strand contained in the chromosome.

What are chromosomes?

The hereditary material that makes up chromosomes is arranged in x shapes inside the nucleus. DNA, genes, and proteins make it up. An organism's genotype is distinct from other organisms because of its distinct genetic makeup, and this distinction can be passed down from one generation to the next.

Julie's red hair is caused by one allele or a combination of alleles in a gene. Billy's hair is brown because he possesses an alternate allele or set of alternate alleles for this gene.

Therefore, the base pair order along the sections of DNA that code for hair color is different in Julie and Billy's DNA.

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In apples, which stage of growth is the most likely to be endangered by a frost at 28 degrees F?


dormant

budding

blossoming

fruiting

Answers

Answer:

blossoming

Explanation:

The genetic composition of an organism is called the

Answers

Answer:

The genetic composition of an organism is called the genotype.

Once in an organism, what are these atoms used for?

Answers

Atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter. Atoms can join together to form molecules, which in turn form most of the objects around you. Atoms are composed of particles called protons, electrons and neutrons.

What about embryos supports the idea that all living things are related and have a common ancestor

Answers

Answer: Embryos and the development of embryos of various species within a class are similar even if their adult forms look nothing alike.

Explanation:

4. Which of the following is NOT an inherited trait?
a. Eye color
b. Number of limbs
c. Flower color
d. Ability to read

Answers

D. Ability to read

Hope this helped
Ability to read hope this helped !!

Surviving in the Antarctic is extremely difficult What advantage do Emperor Penguins have that animals in the less-harsh Arctic do not?

Answers

Emperor penguins have the ability to 'recycle' their own body heat. The arteries and veins lie close together so that blood is pre-cooled on the way to a penguin's feet, wings and bill and warmed on the way back to the heart. Emperors' feet are adapted to the icy conditions

Answer:   Letters, the birds minimize heat loss by keeping the outer surface of their plumage below the temperature of the surrounding air. At the same time, the penguins' thick plumage insulates their body and keeps it toasty.

Explanation:As detailed in an article published today in the journal Biology

Which of the following is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. Offspring have a combination of traits from their parents
B. Parents have different traits that are passed on to their offspring
C. Genes control the traits particular humans possess
D. Red hair is a trait that is inherited from one’s parents
Paragraph 2:
Genes control everything about us: our hair color, skin color, sex, height, etc. Imagine looking at a picture of two parents and their children. You might see that the mother has certain traits. The father has other traits. Their children usually have a mixture of those traits.

Answers

Answer:

ierieieieeoeoeieiririiekkek

a or c, or b it comes down to those

Help ASAP pls I really need help pls help me ASAP pls

Answers

I’m pretty sure the answer is the third choice
Third choice have a good fay :)

22. What do you think is the best solution for fighting climate change? (Answer
should be a minimum of 3 sentences).

Answers

Answer:

Adopting sustainable and environment friendly practices

Explanation:

Sustainable and environment friendly practices allows an individual to use available resources without depleting them and hence even the future generations have adequate supply of natural resources. Afforestation and conservation of water resources specially the potable  water sources need to be started immediately with massive force.

4. Which of the following is NOT a tenant of the Cell Theory?
a. All cells(come from existing cells.
b. All living things are made of cells.
C. Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
d. All cells contain a nucleus.

Answers

Answer: b. All living things are made of cells.

Explanation:

A cell is the smallest basic unit of life that is capable of independent functionality. A cell therefore cannot be made up of other cells because that would imply that there is a unit of life that is smaller than cells.

Cells are instead made up of organic molecules like protein and carbohydrates and when cells work together to achieve a common goal, they form a tissue. Tissues are the ones made up of cells not cells made up of other cells.

Which of these represents an individual form of life such as an animal, plant, or single-celled life form?

Organ
Organism
Organ system
Tissue

Answers

Organism is the answer.
organism!! hope that helps

PLEASE HELP!! I NEED TO GET A GOOD SCORE
Describe the two patterns of metamorphosis that happen in the life cycles of insects. Use an example of a specific insect to describe each pattern.

Answers

Answer:

Complete or incomplete?

Complete metamorphosis occurs in wasps, ants, and fleas while incomplete metamorphosis occurs in termites, praying mantis, and cockroaches.

Wasps: egg, larva, pupa, and adult

Cockroaches: egg, nymph (immature), and adult

Why were there no living inhabitants on earth for the first billion years?

Answers

There was no life on Earth for the first billion years because the atmosphere was not suitable for life. Earth's first atmosphere had lots of water vapor but had almost no oxygen. Later, frequent volcanic eruptions put several different gases into the air.

A map here shows the motion of a tectonic plate off the coast of the western United States. Which evidence supports the theory of
plate tectonics in this region? Select ALL that apply.
es )
A)
A trench forming in the Pacific is widening.
B)
The ocean levels are rising along the western coastline.
0
The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the other oceans of the world.
D)
Active earthquakes occur on the western coast of the United States.
E)
The mountains on the western coast are newer than other mountains in
the United States.
Earth and Space Science
SE65 Theory of Plate Tectonics
ID: 532164
Hint

Answers

The answers are A B and C according to my sources…

An oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America is called the Nazca Plate, sometimes known as the Nasca Plate, after the Nazca region of southern Peru. Thus option A, B, C is correct.

What tectonic plate off the coast of the western US?

The continent of North America is located on the oceanic plate to the east, while the Pacific Plate is the oceanic plate to the west. However, in the geologic past, there was another oceanic plate to the west known as the Farallon plate.

The triple junction will continue to be defined by the western margin of the North American plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone as the boundary between the two plates.

Therefore, The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the other oceans of the world and the ocean levels are rising along the western coastline.

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