Two pea plants with purple flowers are crossed. Among the offspring, 63 have purple flowers, and 17 have white flowers. With a chi-square test, compare the observed numbers with a 3:1 ratio and determine if the the difference between observed and expected is statistically significant. Note: Chi-square critical value with 1 degree of freedom is 3.84 with alpha equal to 0.05

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Chi-square value = 0.6

The difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is not statistically significant. There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Explanation:

 H₀= Individuals will be equally distributed  

H₁ = Individuals will not be equally distributed.  

• Chi square= ∑ ((O-E)²/E)  

∑ is the sum of the terms

O are the Observed individuals  

E are the Expected individuals  

• Freedom degrees = 1  

• Significance level, 5% = 0.05  

• Table value/Critical value = 3.84  

The number of observed individuals:

63 have purple flowers, 17 have white flowers

Total number of individuals, N = 80 = 63 + 17

Observed Genotypic frequencies:

F(PF) = 63/80 = 0.79F(pf) = 17/80 = 0.21

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

p² + 2pq = F(PF)

0.79 + 0.21 = 1

The expected genotypic frequency:

F (PF)= 0.75  

F (pf) = 0.25

 The number of expected individuals:

PF= 0.75 x 80 = 60 wf = 0.25 x 80 = 20

Chi square = sum (O-E)²/E

PF = (O-E)² /E    

PF =(63 - 60) ² / 60

PF = 0.15

pf = (O-E)² /E

pf= (17 - 20)²/20

pf= 0.45

  Chi square= sum ((O-E)²/E) = 0.15 + 0.45 = 0.60

Chi square = 0.6Degrees of freedom = 1 alpha 0.05      Table value/Critical value = 3.84

0.6 < 3.84 meaning that the difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is not statistically significant. There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Probably both parentals were heterozygous for the trait.  


Related Questions

HELP!
Explain why siblings may share similarities but are not identical.

Answers

Answer:

recombination

Explanation:

Since of recombination, kin as it were share approximately 50 percent of the same DNA, on normal.  So whereas organic kin have the same family tree, their hereditary code can be distinctive in at slightest one of the zones looked at in a given test. That's genuine indeed for intimate twins.

Siblings share similarities because they inherit genetic material from the same two biological parents, who each contribute half of their genetic material to their offspring. Therefore, siblings share a similar genetic makeup, and this can result in some shared physical and behavioral traits.

What is the reason behind a non-identical sibling?

Siblings are not identical because each parent can contribute different variations of genes to each child, resulting in unique combinations of genetic material. Moreover, the process of meiosis, which is the formation of reproductive cells, is a random process, meaning that the chromosomes from each parent can mix in different ways during the formation of the offspring's cells. Therefore, each sibling inherits a unique combination of genetic material, leading to individual differences in physical and behavioral traits.

Hence, siblings share similarities because they inherit genetic material from the same two biological parents, who each contribute half of their genetic material to their offspring. Therefore, siblings share a similar genetic makeup, and this can result in some shared physical and behavioral traits.

Learn more about the sibling here.

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Define Global Warming

Answers

Answer:

a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

Answer:

a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

Explanation:

Consider the following goal: Your students have been learning about different mammals. You would like to have different students become experts on a particular system within mammals (e.g. circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, etc) and share that knowledge with the class. Which cooperative learning model is likely to be most successful in reaching this goal

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - JIGSAW II

Explanation:

JIGSAW II is a learning strategy that increases the sense of responsiblity of the student by making each student an expert or a specialist in a particular unit or part of a topic and allows them to teach to other students of class or group.

It is a cooperative learning strategy that is used in the given question where different students become specialists on a particular system within mammals and teach to the class.

Hello, I would really appreciate it if you guys could help me answer this, please answer one of the boxes in your own words, I'm in a rush because it will be due tonight.

Answers

Answer:

The definition of kinetic energy (also called energy of movement) is a form of energy that an object has which involves motion, and it's a property of a moving object and depends not only on motion but also on mass.

The definition of thermal energy (also heat energy) would be: the energy that's inside of a system that has sole control over its temp.

Hope this helps! Have a great day!

What would you expect to increase after a forest fire?

A.Erosion
B.Weathering

Answers

Answer:

B. Weathering

Explanation:

Fire makes trees weather and die.

Which location has the warmer air temperature: Tarapoto or Neuquén? Why?
view the pic below.​

Answers

Answer:

Palmas is closer to the equator than Neuquén. Which location has a warmer air temperature.Neuquén, because more energy is transferred from the sun directly to the air. Neuquén, because more energy is transferred from the sun directly to the surface, and then from the surface to the air.

Answer:

The climate in Tarapoto is hot, muggy, and mostly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 70°F to 94°F and is rarely below 67°F or above 98°F.

And that is why the neuquen has the warmer air temperature!

what kind of back legs did basilosaurus have

Answers

Answer:

they have 4 swimmy legs tehe

At the end of a sunny day, Cindy turns on an electric fan to cool off her room. When she turns off the fan a little later, she notices that the area around the motor is warmer than it was when she turned on the fan. What is the most likely explanation for this?

1.Electrical energy was transformed into heat and energy of motion.


2.Solar energy was transformed into heat and energy of motion.

3.Solar energy was transformed into electrical energy and heat.


4.Electrical energy was transformed into sound and light.

Answers

Answer:

One

Explanation:

Because it never says that the fan used solar energy and 4 wouldn't make it heat up.

When a certain species disappears from the fossil record, what does that indicate?
The species has moved to a different habitat.
A. the species has moves to a different habbitat
B.
None of the above.

C.
The species has gone extinct.

D.
The species has multiplied.

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

How do whales differ from fish
A) whales use blowholes for breathing
B) whales have scales that cover the skin
C) whales develop lungs following metamorphosis
D) whales reproduce through external fertilization

Answers

Whales breathe through lungs, so C they develop lungs.

Answer:

awsner is c, whales develop lungs following metamorphis

Explanation:

consider your knowledge about the cell membrane and check all of the true statements below. Check All That Apply Cell membranes are present in only two of the three domains of life.Cell membranes are present in only two of the three domains of life. In water, phospholipids spontaneously arrange into a bilayer.In water, phospholipids spontaneously arrange into a bilayer. The area within a phospholipid bilayer, near the fatty acid tails, is hydrophilic.The area within a phospholipid bilayer, near the fatty acid tails, is hydrophilic. Steroids in cell membranes allow the membrane to be more fluid.Steroids in cell membranes allow the membrane to be more fluid. Phospholipid bilayers surround all eukaryotic cells.Phospholipid bilayers surround all eukaryotic cells. Membrane proteins offer structural support to the membrane but have no other function. Membrane proteins offer structural support to the membrane but have no other function. Both plant and animal cell membranes are considered fluid mosaics.

Answers

Answer:

- In water, phospholipids spontaneously arrange into a bilayer

- Steroids in cell membranes allow the membrane to be more fluid

- Phospholipid bilayers surround all eukaryotic cells

- Both plant and animal cell membranes are considered fluid mosaics

Explanation:

All living things (i.e.. both eukaryotic and eukaryotic organisms) are composed of cells, and all cells have cell membranes. In an aqueous environment, phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers: hydrophilic heads of phospholipids face the water environment at the surface of the bilayer, while hydrophobic fatty acid chains are shielded from the water in the interior. Steroids are lipids that intercalate into the bilayer of the cell plasma membrane, reducing the fluidity of the membrane. Integral membrane proteins may have different biological roles. For example, permeases are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the diffusion of certain molecules (e.g., glucose) across the cell membrane by passive transport. Both plant and animal cell membranes are considered fluid mosaics where different types of molecules (e.g., phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, etc) are constantly moving across the membrane.

True or False In some plants the Male and female reproductive organs are on different plants​

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation: Good luck! :D

Can you get water out your blood stream please help I’m scared

Answers

Answer:

i wish i could help i don't know

Explanation:

Help
Which are characteristics of life?

Answers

Answer:

All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.

Explanation:

List 3 ways that microwaves are beneficial to society

Answers

1. It’s a super-fast way to get a (healthy) dinner on the table.

2.  Despite what you’ve heard, it’s perfectly safe.

3. It can help migraine sufferers.

1. It’s a super-fast way to get a (healthy) dinner on the table.

For some reason, when most of us think of microwaves, we think of unhealthy (and not-so-tasty) frozen microwavable dinners. But they’re good for so much more than that! Aside from reheating leftovers, you can also use a microwave to make a tender baked potato in just eight to 10 minutes and steam veggies in two minutes with very little cleanup. You can even use it to heat up whole grains and healthy proteins. Not only does it get dinner on the table quickly (no oven preheating or waiting for pressure to release), but it’s especially great this time of year when it’s too hot to even think about turning on the oven. Beyond dinner, I use my microwave regularly to heat up oatmeal in just a few minutes and heat up non-dairy milk for quick lattés.

 

2. Despite what you’ve heard, it’s perfectly safe.

For several years, I admittedly avoided microwaves because I’d heard myths about dangerous toxins flying through my kitchen and other health claims. Now, I laugh about this.

After doing some digging, I’ve found that many studies confirm that microwaves are more efficient at retaining nutrients than other methods — especially roasting at high temperatures, something most all of us feel safe doing in the oven. Another important fact: Most of us are exposed to more radiation through our cell phones each day than we are with one or two sessions a day of simple microwave use.

Also, no studies to date have found that microwaves cause cancer or any other major disease in humans. The tests that do link microwaves to cancer and neurological issues have only been performed on rats — not humans — which can’t be equally compared and shouldn’t be.

The most important thing to remember when using a microwave is to skip the plastic containers. Old plastic containers could have BPA, and that can leach into our food when the plastic heats. Even if you have new plastic, why not just use glass?

3. It can help migraine sufferers.

I do not suffer from chronic migraines, but I know plenty of people who do — and many of them say that their microwaves are key to helping them manage their pain. See, there are these little bags that can get heated up, and they almost provide instant relief. Yes, you can heat these bags in the oven, but then you have to wait for the oven to heat up and then for the bag to heat up. With a microwave, you just nuke the bag for two minutes and you’re in business

Hope this helps if it does pls mark me brainiest.

What are the strengths and limitations of this model?

Answers

The strengths and limitations and the lamp

What are 3 beneficial functions of coastal wetlands?

Answers

Answer:

Hope it helps

Explanation:

Wetlands provide many societal benefits: food and habitat for fish and wildlife, including threatened and endangered species; water quality improvement; flood storage; shoreline erosion control; economically beneficial natural products for human use; and opportunities for recreation, education, and research

can I be a normal doctor at the same time be a heart surgeon????​

Answers

answer:

yes, but it will defenitely be challenging since your handling two different things at once. even being any kind of doctor can require a lot of work.

Which of the following is a terrestrial planet?
A. Earth
B. Jupiter
C. Saturn

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Which two organisms are most closely related?
1. B and C
2. A and B
3. B and D
4. A and D

Answers

Answer:

B and C

Explanation:

Both of these organisms are part of the Canis genus.

Hope this helps :)

ent strains of bacteria found in Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico were tested for resistance to a variety of antibiotics. The antibiotics are grouped by color to show the similar mode of action/target they employ to kill bacteria. (A) Resistance in Gram-positive strains of bacteria; (B) Resistance in Gram-negative strains of bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

hhjsjjsjjs it contains milk organails

Explanation:

nc

For each pair of structural elements, indicate whether the first element is a constituent part of the second, whether the second element is a constituent part of the first, and whether they are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other.
Mitochondrion; crista
Mitochondrion is a constituent part of crista.
Crista is a constituent part of mitochondrion.
Mitochondrion and crista are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other.
Golgi complex; nucleus
Golgi complex is a constituent part of nucleus.
Nucleus is a constituent part of Golgi complex.
Golgi complex and nucleus are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other. Cytoplasm; cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm is a constituent part of cytoskeleton.
Cytoskeleton is a constituent part of cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other.
Nucleolus; nucleus
Nucleolus is a constituent part of nucleus.
Nucleus is a constituent part of nucleolus.
Nucleolus and nucleus are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other. Smooth ER; ribosome
Smooth ER is a constituent part of ribosome.
Ribosome is a constituent part of smooth ER.
Smooth EP. and ribosome are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other. Lipid bilayer; plasma membrane
Lipid bilayer is a constituent part of plasma membrane.
Plasma membrane is a constituent part of lipid bilayer.
Lipid bilayer and plasma membrane are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other.

Answers

Answer:

See explanation below

Explanation:

1.) The crista is a constituent part of the mitochondrion.

2.) The Golgi complex and the nucleus are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other.

3.) The cytoskeleton is a constituent part of the cytoplasm

4.) The nucleolus is a constituent part of the nucleus.

5.) The smooth ER and the ribosome are separate structures with no particular relationship to each other.

6.) The Lipid bilayer is a constituent part of the plasma membrane.

write a notice of the department of water and sewage​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The following is a basic and common notice of the department of water and sewage...

The Water and Sewage Department is encouraging all Miami Residences, to conserve their water. Water flow is being interrupted and may not reach most residences for a few days. This is due to a Water Treatment plant issue, which we are working on fixing as soon as possible. Water services should resume normally in the next two days. Sorry for the invonvenience and for any information or problems that you may be experiencing regarding your Water system, please call us at XXX-XXXX

Your teacher has given you two mineral samples. He has told you that
they have the same crystal structure and hardness.
Which other observation would suggest that they are MOST LIKELY the
same mineral?

They have the same color.

They have the same shape.

They have the same size.

They have the same mass.

Answers

i think its that They have the same mass

In the morning, Jorge watched a cartoon about a sarcastic rabbit. Later, in his psychology class, he viewed
the image above and readily identified it as a rabbit instead of a duck. Which of the following best explains
this phenomenon?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - priming.

Explanation:

Priming is a phenomenon that explains the behavior of an individual when an individual experiences a certain stimulus that influences response to a subsequent stimulus, unknowingly of the connection. This effect is known as the priming effect.

In this case, watching a cartoon of a rabbit acts as the stimulus that influences the response of identifying the image of duck as a rabbit. He is experienced priming effect.

Explain the 2 types of gene mutations.

Answers

Deletions where u take out a mutation and insertions when u Insert a mutation

All three types of worms that undergo asexual reproduction use which process?
binary fission
O budding
fragmentation
O spore formation

Answers

Answer:

Budding is the answer to this.

Answer:

budding

Explanation:

please help me on the first one (highlighted)

Answers

Answer:

Change in water source

Explanation:

officials from Flint, Michigan switched the city's water supply to the Flint River as a cost-cutting measure for the struggling city, and they unwittingly introduced lead-poisoned water into homes.

I really need help with this... ITS DUE TODAY.......

Answers

Answer:

eukaryotic cell(s)

Explanation:

The reason I know that this cell is a eukaryotic cell is that it has a cell membrane.

(FORGIVE ME IF I AM WRONG)

Answer:

what she/he said

Explanation:

1 point
4. Identify Layer 1 of the Earth
1

Answers

The Four Layers.
The Crust.
The Mantle.
Convection Currents.
Outer Core.
Inner Core.

I don’t know if this what you’re looking for but here you go, hope it helps somehow
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