During the evolution of hornbills, resource partitioning between various groups may have led to competitive exclusion and speciation.
Origin and diversification of hornbill:A remarkable group of Palaeotropical birds known for their unusual morphology (casque) and behaviour are hornbills. Significant interspecific variation may be seen in hornbill food, habitat utilisation, distribution, and social structure. Their mutualistic interactions with tropical fruits also contribute significantly to environmental services. Conflicting theories exist regarding hornbills' origin, rate of diversification, and biogeography, but their evolutionary history is still unknown. Although a gradual accumulation of molecular data has revealed intriguing phylogenetic relationships, methodological restrictions and inadequate sampling have left gaps and led to inconsistent results. This is true even though a thorough cladistic analysis of phenotypic data has revealed unresolved taxonomic uncertainties within the family.
As a result, the evolutionary paradigm used to analyze the group's variety is insufficient.
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To cells that are defective in primer removal, you add fluorescent ribonucleotides when the cells are undergoing DNA replication. In this case, you observe that one strand glows more than the other not only near the replication fork but also at intervals along its length. Which strand glows in this way and why?
a. The lagging strand glows in this way because it is synthesized continuously.
b. The leading strand glows in this way because it is synthesized continuously.
c. The leading strand glows in this way because it is synthesized discontinuously.
d. The lagging strand glows in this way because its RNA primers are required for each Okazaki fragment.
The reason the lagging strand lights in this manner is because each Okazaki fragment requires its RNA primers.
what is Lagging strand ?
A single DNA strand called as the lagging strand is replicated in the 5′ - 3′ direction during DNA replication (opposite direction to the replication fork). The lagging strand undergoes periodic infusions of DNA known as "okazaki fragments."
What do you understand DNA synthesis?
DNA replication is the process by which cells obtain a copy of the genome's DNA. A cell must first copy (or reproduce) its entire genome to be able to divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome during split.
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Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype.Based on this requirement, one could predict that a _______ mutation would be _______.A) gain of function; recessiveB) loss of function; dominantC) loss of function; recessiveD) nonsense; recessiveE) loss of function; a conditional mutation
For a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype, we predict loss of function mutation would be dominant . So, option B is correct.
Gene regulation is fundamental for infections, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it expands the flexibility and versatility of a creature by permitting the cell to communicate protein when required
Guideline of gene expression, or quality regulation,[1] incorporates a great many instruments that are utilized by cells to increment or diminishing the development of explicit quality items (protein or RNA). Refined projects of quality articulation are broadly seen in science, for instance to set off formative pathways, answer ecological upgrades, or adjust to new food sources.
Practically any step of gene expression can be regulated, from transcriptional commencement, to RNA handling, and to the post-translational change of a protein. Frequently, one quality controller controls another, etc, in a quality administrative organization.
Hence, option B is correct.
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Which type of fungi fungi decompose dead matter?
a) saprophytic
b) parasitic
c) symbiotic
d) heterotrophic
Answer:
a.saprophytic
Explanation:
I hope its useful
which is a limitation associated with the use of traditional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) agents that are used to treat both amd and dme
Current anti-VEGF medications have a big limitation that they are not durable, need regular injections to maintain low VEGF levels in the eye.
What is Vabysmo used for?On January 28, the U.S. Food and Pharmacological Administration (FDA) granted approval to a potential new drug therapy for patients with either neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular edoema (DME). This news has given millions of Americans fresh hope.
The first injectable medication, Vabysmo, formerly known as faricimab-svoa, targets both eye disorders at once.
Additionally, it is the first to use two different therapy paths to combat the disorders.
The macula, the core region of the retina that provides the clearest straight-ahead vision, is susceptible to fluid leakage in both nAMD and DME due to weak arteries.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are two proteins that, by means of various pathways, contribute to blood vessel instability, inflammation, and fluid leakage into the macula. Vabysmo successfully neutralizes these two proteins.
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What do you think would happen to the population of zebras if there was a severe drought?
Answer:Lower
Explanation: no food or water
Shay creates a wave that has a frequency of 20 waves every ten seconds. How does the energy that her wave carries compare to a wave that has a frequency of 5 waves every ten seconds? Justify your response.
A frequency which produce 20 waves every ten seconds has more frequency and less wavelength than that which produces 5 waves every ten seconds.
What is Frequency?Frequency is the number of waves that pass through a fixed place in a given period of time. So, if the time taken for a wave to pass is 1/2 second, the frequency is 2 per second. If it takes 1/100 of an hour, the frequency will be 100 per hour.
The frequency of 20 waves every ten seconds can be simplified as 2 waves produced per second.
The frequency of 5 waves produced every ten seconds can be simplified as 1 wave produced every two seconds or 1/2 wave produced every second.
Therefore, the frequency of first wave is more than the second wave and the wavelength of first wave is less than the second wave as wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency of wave.
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3) Most biological macromolecules are polymers that are made up of many smaller subunits
called
monosaccharides.
O True
O False
Answer:
actually it depends on the type of polymer it is, a monosaccharide is the sub-unit of polysaccharides(sugars) only like wise to a peptide being the sub-unit of a polypeptide(protein).
so in this case the statement should be false due to the amount of ambiguity.
angiotensin ii is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. group of answer choices true false
False: Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. group of answer choices
Your body produces a substance called angiotensin that makes your blood arteries smaller. Your blood pressure may rise as a result of this narrowing, which also makes your heart work harder. In order to lower your blood pressure and facilitate your heart's ability to pump blood, angiotensin II receptor blockers work to relax your veins and arteries. Angiotensin II receptor blockers stop the action of angiotensin II. As a result, the medication enables the widening of your arteries and veins (dilate).
By acting on blood vessels, angiotensin II narrows them. Additionally, it stimulates the adrenal gland's aldosterone production, which in turn stimulates the kidneys' salt and water absorption, raising fluid volume and blood pressure.
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what will most likely result after a fire or other natural disaster damages an ecosystem in a certain area
In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?cytoskeleton and cell membrane
In eukaryotic organisms, interaction betweeh Cytoskeleton and cell membrane organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells.
The cytoskeleton is a complicated, dynamical system of interrelating protein filaments found in all cells, including bacteria and archaea. It extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane in eukaryotes and is made up of similar proteins in different organisms. In a eukaryotic cell, the cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane that is not the nucleus. The cytoskeleton is a "skeleton" that runs through the cytoplasm. Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are the three major cytoskeleton fibres.
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what happens during coal formation after plants die and fall to the bottom of a swamp?(1 point) responses heat and pressure build up. heat and pressure build up. sediment and rock pile on top. sediment and rock pile on top. overall plant growth declines. overall plant growth declines. carbon-rich coal is formed.
The correct option is C ; Sediment and rock build on top of each other when plants die and sink to the bottom of a marsh during coal production.
What exactly do you mean by "coal formation"?
Coal formation is described as the process through which dead plant matter decomposes into peat and is turned into coal over millions of years by the heat and pressure of deep burial.
When a plant dies and falls to the swamp's bottom, sediments and boulders pile up on top over millions of years. It changes plants from organic to inorganic forms, resulting in coal synthesis.
As a result, silt and rock accumulate on top of each other as plants die and sink to the bottom of a marsh during coal formation.
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Full Question ;
What happens during coal formation after plants die and fall to the bottom of a swamp? (1 point)
A Carbon-rich coal is formed.
B Heat and pressure build-up.
C Sediment and rock pile on top.
D Overall plant growth declines.
If you were a subject in a scientific study measuring body fatness, the scientists might assess your body composition using any of a variety of anthropometric measurements. Click and drag to match each measurement technique to its description.
The foundation of anthropometric measurements approach is the idea that the muscle circumference measurement is reflective of the entire body.
What four measurements are taken anthropometrically?Height, weight, head circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist, hip, and limb circumferences to measure adiposity, and skinfold thickness make up the basic components of anthropometry.
What are the two anthropometry metrics that are most frequently used for adults?The body mass index (BMI) is the most frequently used indirect indication of obesity and body adiposity today, and weight and height are the most generally utilized anthropometric measurements (3, 4, 5).
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Copy number variation (CNV) describes DNA segments of at least _____ in size which exhibit copy number differences among members of _____..
Copy number variation (CNV) describes DNA segments of at least 1000bp in size which exhibit copy number differences among members of the same species .
Copy number variation (abbreviated CNV) is a condition in which the number of copies of a certain section of DNA differs between individuals. Individual versions might be small or long, with thousands of bases.
A change in copy number necessitates a change in chromosomal structure, which connects two previously separated DNA regions.
These intersections provide vital information about how the structural shift occurred. Many of the adjustments have recurring end-points.
Copy number variations (CNVs) are instances when the number of repetitions changes across individuals and can account for almost 10% of a person's genome.
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Correct the wrong terminology in each of the
following sentences. A word bank is provided.
carit
4. The water cycle is the process of evaporat-
ing sea water so that the water and salt
separate.
5. Types of nekton
include sea stars
and clams.
Answer:
Explanation: number 4 is distillation and number 5 is echinoderms.
A given species has a bond order of 112. What does this fractional bond order indicate? select all that apply.
Delocalized electrons are present in the species. Resonance hybrids make up the species.
What kind of organism has a net dipole moment?As a result, a molecule like H2O has a net dipole moment. The oxygen, which is the more electronegative atom, should be concentrated with negative charge, and the two hydrogen atoms should be concentrated with positive charge. H2O can form hydrogen bonds with other polarized or charged species, including other water molecules, thanks to this charge polarization.
How can you determine how many bonds there are in a Lewis structure?A neutral atom has the same number of bonds as its entire valence shell electron count (2 or 8 electrons), less the number of valence electrons.
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Scientists have been measuring increasing levels of greenhouse gases in earth's atmosphere. How do the increasing levels affect ecosystems?.
An increase in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases produces a positive climate forcing, or warming effect.
When energy from a planet's host star passes through its atmosphere and heats the planet's surface, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent some of the heat from returning directly to space, resulting in a warmer planet.
The greenhouse effect occurs when some of the Sun's infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere, but the vast majority is absorbed and re-emitted in all directions by greenhouse gas molecules and clouds. This has the effect of warming the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases have serious environmental and health consequences. They contribute to climate change by trapping heat, which affects a variety of species in already arid environments. Extreme weather, wildfires, droughts, and food supply disruptions are all exacerbated by climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions.
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Do you think there will be enough valuable minerals for everyone in the future? Why or why not? Which mineral do you think will be soon scarce? Explain.
Minerals are essential raw materials in our daily lives, and are vital for economic, social and technological development. For example, in the following: Agriculture: Phosphate rock, potash and lime are used in agricultural fertilisers and other mineral products are used to improve soil.
If whales evolved from land-dwelling mammals, one would expect the fossil record to include intermediate forms, creatures more whale-like than land-dwelling mammals yet still possessing hind limbs and a pelvis lacking in modern whales. Such intermediates are termed __________.
The intermediate species that exist between two species provide support for ideas of evolution.
How did land mammals give rise to whales?The hypothesis held that some land-dwelling ungulates preferred to graze on vegetation close to water, which provided the added benefit of enabling them to quickly elude predators in shallow water. Because they spent more and more time in the water over time, their descendants' bodies acquired the ability to swim.
What has whale evolution looked like?Whale evolution or whale origin. Long after the dinosaurs went extinct but well before the emergence of the first humans, the first whales appeared 50 million years ago. Most likely, an ancient artiodactyl was their ancestor.
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The role of pam and ned are played by pink and blue pegs, which you can insert into the model relacars in order to help you discuss the lab with your groupmates. Which is pink and which is blue?.
Pam is blue, whereas Ned is pink.
Pam and Ned's tenants are who?White woman named Pam resides in Tobin's trailer park. She is Laura's stepmother and the mother of Bliss, Sandra, Kristen, and an unnamed baby girl. She uses crack, and so does her lover, Ned. When Pam and her family are kicked out of Tobin's trailer park, Pam is pregnant.
How did Arleen In evicted fare?Landlord expelled Arleen Bell and her boys Jori and Jafaris after learning of the damage. Arleen and her sons relocated to the Lodge, a refuge. Later, they went from house to house.
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an infectious disease nurse is researching t-cells to determine which cells control replication of intracellular bacteria. which cells should the nurse begin investigating?
an infectious disease nurse is researching t-cells to determine which cells control replication of intracellular bacteria. nurse should investigate about CD8 cells
In the cytoplasm of infected cells, all viruses and some bacteria multiply. Once inside cells, these pathogens replicate and are immune-resistant. They can only be eliminated by destroying or modifying the infected cells. The cytotoxic mechanisms of CD8 T cells are required for the elimination of infected cells without destroying healthy tissue. As a result, CD8 cytotoxic T cells are crucial in controlling replicating viruses and intracellular bacteria. CD8 T lymphocytes are a critical component of the antiviral immune response. CD8 T lymphocyte effectors kill virus-infected cells and produce antiviral cytokines like interferon gamma. CD8 T lymphocytes help to resist both.
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a crustacean increasing the amount of oxygen binding pigment in its blood in response to low oxygen in the environment is an example of: group of answer choices a genotypic change a phenotypic change an evolutionarily stable strategy a co-dependency
A crab responding to low oxygen levels in the environment by increasing the quantity of oxygen-binding pigment in its blood is an example of a phenotypic change.
The correct option is b.
Hemoglobins, hemerythrins, and hemocyanins are the three categories of oxygen-transporting proteins that may be separated in nature based on the active site.
In reaction to low oxygen levels in the environment, a crab increases the quantity of oxygen-binding pigment in its blood. This cannot occur unexpectedly. It is a change in phenotype.
A cell or organism can change from one phenotype to another, or two cells or organisms might exhibit distinct phenotypes despite having the same genotype. This process is known as phenotypic change.
Because phenotypic variations may result from changes in the long-term programming of gene activity rather than variation in gene sequences per se, studies of the foundation for inter-individual phenotypic variability should consider epigenetic variants in addition to genetic sequence polymorphisms.
The complete question is:
A crustacean increasing the amount of oxygen binding pigment in its blood in response to low oxygen in the environment is an example of:
group of answer choices
a. a genotypic change
b. a phenotypic change
c. an evolutionarily stable strategy
d. a co-dependency
e. an adaptation
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(08.05 mc) an endangered species of lake trout is discovered living in a national wildlife refuge. which of the following statements explain how being listed as endangered under the endangered species act could help save the fish from extinction? the endangered species act calls for relocation of the trout to captive tanks for studying. the endangered species act prohibits fishers from catching the trout or interfering with its habitat. the endangered species act allocates federal funds to help add predatorial fish to the refuge to help promote only the survival of the heartiest trout.
endangered species act save the fish from extinction through relocation of the trout to captive tanks, prohibits fishers from catching the trout and allocates federal funds
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; P.L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. 1531–1544) was created to protect species that have been designated as vulnerable or endangered. Specifically, the ESA was created to To meet the goals of the treaties and conventions outlined in paragraph (a) of this section, it is necessary to offer a means for the ecosystems that are needed for the conservation of endangered and threatened species, as well as a program for their preservation.
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What range of tolerance is and how it impacts an ecosystem
What part of a neuron functions as the integrating center, where the membrane potential reflects the summed effect of all epsps and ipsps?.
Axon hillock is the region of the neuron that serves as the working efficiency and is where the cell membrane reflects the combined impact of all epsps and ipsps.
One postsynaptic neuron may have a cell body and dendrites that receive input from chemical synapses that have tens of thousands of cholinergic synapses.
The quantity of neurotransmitters produced by the presynaptic neuron is one of several variables that affect the size of the postsynaptic potential at any given synapse.
A postsynaptic potential acts as a graded potential, getting smaller the further away it is from the synapses. Therefore, a single EPSP is typically too tiny to cause a nerve impulse in a postsynaptic neuron by the time it reaches the axon hillock.
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All of the following statements are true. Which one statement describes the biggest impact that sickle-cell disease has over the organs and organ systems of the body?Mutated hemoglobin molecules result in misshapen red blood cells that cannot function to transport oxygen in the body.
Affected red blood cells have abnormal shapes and are unable to carry oxygen throughout the body because of mutated hemoglobin molecules describes the biggest impact that sickle-cell disease has on the organs and organ systems of the body.
The disease sickle cell affects every major organ. The abnormal functioning of sickle cells and their inability to properly flow through the small blood vessels can cause harm to the liver, heart, kidneys, gallbladder, eyes, bones, and joints. There could be a number of issues, such as infection rates that are up. Red blood cells that are produced by people who have sickle cell disease are peculiarly shaped and can block blood vessels in addition to having a shorter lifespan than healthy blood cells. Despite the fact that treatment can often help manage the symptoms, sickle cell disease is a serious and lifelong health condition.
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I need some help with this question:
Similar to enzymes, the viral antigens that bind to the surface of the host cell work using a very specific "lock-and-key" mechanism. This is why each virus can only infect one type of cell. If you were a scientist developing an antiviral drug that would block binding of the virus to the host cell how would you do that? Include the terms antigen and active site. Underline these terms in your answer.
A scientist developing an antiviral drug that would block the binding of the virus to the host cell should study the molecular structure of envelope viral proteins such as the spike protein in the case of corona in order to develop an antibody that binds to an antigen in the active site of this enzymatic protein.
What is the active site of an enzymatic protein?The active site of an enzymatic protein is the molecular domain which uses this enzyme to bind to a certain substrate such as in the case of an envelope viral protein to the plasma membrane of the host cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the active site of an enzymatic protein has antigen domains that may bind to an antibody in order to fight against viral infections.
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what does the organism consume when it uses the only nitrogen source provided in the medium, and what does that do to the ph?
In synthetic media, some amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, and urea are organic sources of nitrogen. Both nitrate and ammonia serve as supplies of nitrogen for bacteria in addition to being energy sources.
Other elements that microbes need include nitrogen and phosphorus. The synthesis of proteins, amino acids, DNA, and RNA all depend on nitrogen. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are those that get nitrogen straight from the atmosphere. Ammonium sulfate and the combination of ammonium sulfate and amino acids were the most effective nitrogen sources for the rate of fermentation. The quantity of volatile chemicals created varied according to the type of nitrogen used. With the addition of nitrogen, some volatile chemicals' production rose while others decreased. Nitrogen is a substance that exists in soils, plants, the water we drink, and the air we breathe.
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the presence of neandertal dna in modern human genomes suggests our ancestors interbred. how was this thought to have occurred?
However, research has shown that modern humans overlapped with the Neanderthal and Denisovan populations over a period, and that they had children together (interbreeding).
As a result, many people living today have a small amount of genetic material from these distant ancestors. The first conclusive evidence that humans and Neanderthals mated came from the analysis of a draft Neanderthal genome, largely obtained from remains found in Croatia. As a result of these encounters, humans from outside of Africa carry traces of Neanderthal DNA, around 1% to 2% of their genomes. Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans overlapped geographically over a period of more than 30,000 years after human migration out of Africa. During this period, Neanderthals and humans interbred, as evidenced by the Neanderthal portions of the genome carried by non-African individuals today. The researchers estimate that much of the Neanderthal DNA in modern human genomes came from interbreeding events that took place around 50,000 to 55,000 years ago. in the Middle East. Thousands of years later, humans moving into East Asia interbred with the Denisovans.
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According to anchoring effects, our brains usually use the first piece of info we learn about the value of something to establish a _____ from which to begin negotiations.
According to anchoring effects, our brains often create a starting point for negotiations from the first piece of information we hear about something's value.
The anchoring effect refers to the propensity for people to base their judgments significantly on the initial piece of data they learn. The anchoring effect is an example of cognitive bias, a form of deliberate thinking error that impairs judgment and decision-making.
When you concentrate on one particular piece of data when making a choice or finding a solution to a problem, you develop an anchoring bias, which is a flawed heuristic. Due to improper changes from an initial number, people produce erroneous final estimations.
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A dna molecule that is produced by combining dna from different sources or organisms is called.
Answer:Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
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