The plasma membrane of the enveloped alga cell serves as the source of the apicoplast's second outermost membrane.
Where did all chloroplasts come from?Chloroplasts were first established in eukaryotes through an endosymbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium; they later spread through the evolution of eukaryotic hosts and the subsequent engulfment of eukaryotic algae by formerly nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes.
How did eukaryotic cells develop mitochondria and chloroplasts?Chloroplasts and mitochondria most likely developed from engulfed bacteria that once existed as autonomous organisms. An aerobic bacterium was eventually swallowed by a eukaryotic cell, which later established an endosymbiotic bond with the host eukaryote and gradually transformed into a mitochondrion.
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TRUE/FALSE. the uti membrane test utilizes proprietary chemicals to produce a color reaction to aid in identification of a gram-positive urinary tract infection.
This is TRUE when the uti membrane test uses specialized chemicals to generate a color reaction that helps identify a gram-positive urinary tract infection.
A UTI may self-resolve.
Although some infections are different from others, he adds, "Yes, a UTI could go away on its own." Additionally, it might last longer if untreated. Uncomplicated UTIs, commonly known as cystitis, and complicated UTIs, which may be catheter-related or occur during pregnancy, are the two main kinds.
What treatment for urinary tract infection is most effective?The first line of defense against urinary tract infections is typically antibiotics. Which medication is prescribed and for how long depends on your health and the type of bacteria discovered in your urine.
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adult rats are fed a complete diet for a number of months, their total levels of stored triacylglycerol do not change. when their diets are subsequently changed to one containing 14c-labeled glucose, there is still no change in the total level of stored triacylglycerol but the stored lipid is now radioactive. explain how this occurs.
The stored lipid is radioactive because it contains the radioactive components from the ingested 14C-labeled glucose.
Glycogenesis is the process by which the excess glucose present in the body is converted into a storage form called glycogen. This process helps to store glucose and is used to supply immediate glucose when required. When the glycogen storage cells are filled, then the glucose will be converted to fatty acids, fat, or lipids and stored in fat cells by a process called lipogenesis.
So when we subsequently supply 14C-labeled glucose, it will be converted first to glycogen. But once that is done, excess glucose will be converted to fat. This storage fat will acquire the 14C-labeled carbon within its structure and be radioactive.
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One hundred each of three different trypes of trees are laced in a desert biome. Species A has the gighest transpitation rate, Species B has a moderate transpiration rate, and species C has a very slow transpitation rate. If the total amount of trees stays at 300 over a period of 10 years, predict what will happen to the species diversity over that time? Be sure to address each species in your answer.
Mark as brainiest please
answer
the species c will be abundant in the 300 trees since the loss of water is very slow the species B will be at a neutral number they might have entreated or decreases at some point and species A will have a lower population since the fast rate of transpiration will lead to lesser amounts of glucose to be produced killing of the species
if the cutouts represented moths, what moth coloration is best adapted for a dark (newspaper) background?
Dark moths are best adapted, so they survived and reproduced.
How do moths survive?
Most adult moths have a short life span. They live for a few days to a few weeks which depend on the species. Moths that hibernate through the winter, however, live for months.
Moths feed on nectar, much like butterflies. But some short-lived species of moths do not feed at all.
The larvae of moth look much like small branches. The larvae can hide well from predators by having a body that looks like a stick. The larvae even have the ability to adjust their color from brown to green. This is to best match the branches they are feeding on..
These moths play a very important role in food webs and are also an important food item for songbirds, mammals, and other insects.
Therefore, dark moths are best adapted, so they survived and reproduced.
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How eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes change as a cell prepares to divide?
Before a mobileular starts to divide, its chromosomes are first replicated into copies, one for every daughter mobileular. Once the chromosomes are replicated, they start to condense and coil tightly.
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up throughout the middle of the mobileular. During anaphase, the chromosomes separate and flow alongside spindle fibers to contrary ends of the mobileular. During telophase, the chromosomes, which had been wonderful and condensed, start to unfold out into tangle of chromatin.
As mitosis progresses, the microtubules connect to the chromosomes, that have already duplicated their DNA and aligned throughout the middle of the mobileular. The spindle tubules then shorten and flow closer to the poles of the mobileular. As they flow, they pull the only reproduction of every chromosome with them to contrary poles of the mobileular.
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Michelle and Keith are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most human hereditary disorders, the probability of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is:
Alkaptonuria is a very uncommon inborn error of amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency in the enzyme homogentisic acid (HGA) oxidase, which causes HGA to accumulate in the body's tissues such cartilage and plasma and be excreted in the urine.
The likelihood that their subsequent child will be born with alkaptonuria is 1/4 if the ailment is genetic like the majority of human diseases. A hereditary disease called alkaptonuria causes urine to turn dark from birth. Additional symptoms, however, typically don't surface until adulthood. Symptoms typically advance gradually. Alkaptonuria patients' urine may be unusually dark or it may turn black after prolonged exposure to the air. Nevertheless, because this transition typically takes several hours, it frequently passes unnoticed. Diapers may become discolored black during infancy.
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baldness was thought to be a simple x-linked recessive trait, but is now considered likely due to polygenic inheritance. polygenic inheritance is most supported by an assigned man being bald and having:
Polygenic inheritance is most supported by an assigned man being bald and having his mother's father be bald. The correct answer is option (A).
Therefore, a type of gene is referred to as polygenic (many genes) inheritances when it has impacts on a certain phenotype both individually and in the context of their environment. This type of pattern is followed by features like empathy, hostility, and shyness, yet this phrase is not exclusively used to refer to these psychological characteristics. For instance, Rd baldness is thought to be polygenic given the genes that contribute to the disease. Consequently, it has become a common term used in any science or other field that considers anything having to do with genes.
The complete question is:
Rd baldness was thought to be a simple x-linked recessive trait but is now considered likely due to polygenic inheritance. Polygenic inheritance is most supported by an assigned man being bald and having:
(A). His mother's father is bald
(B). A mother who has hair loss
(C). His father be bald
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carbohydrate loading: group of answer choices eating carbohydrate-laden foods the day before an endurance event tapering in the intensity of workouts with a corresponding increase in the percentage of carbohydrate intake minimal exercise and a high-carbohydrate diet the first 3 days, followed by heavy exercise and a low-carbohydrate diet right before competition does not increase glycogen stores to any significant degree
By increasing the amount of fuel stored in your muscles, or carbohydrate-loading diet, you can increase your athletic performance during endurance events.
When you consume a high-carbohydrate "training diet" and reduce your activity level in the days leading up to an event, this is known as carbohydrate loading.
Purpose
Carbohydrates are the essential fuel for all physical exertion. The majority of recreational activities require your body to draw on its stored energy.
However, your body need more energy to continue when you participate in lengthy, demanding sports activity. The goal of carbohydrate loading is to increase your athletic performance by providing you with the energy you need to finish an endurance exercise with less exhaustion.
If you're an endurance athlete, such as a marathon runner, swimmer, cyclist, or all three, training for a competition that will last 90 minutes or longer, carbohydrate loading may be especially helpful. generally among other athletes
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how do the different types of proteins in plasma membranes play a role in the different forms of transport of materials into and out of the cell g
Membrane proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell adhesion, energy transduction, signalling, cell recognition, and transport.
Hydrophilic molecules can pass through the cell membrane thanks to membrane proteins. Some transport membrane proteins require energy to change shape and actively move molecules and other substances across the cell membrane. They accomplish this by releasing ATP as an energy source. The proteins allow a cell to choose which compound will be transported, meeting the cell's needs while excluding anything else.
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amylose and cellulose? amylose and cellulose? amylose has αα -1,4'-glycosidic linkages, whereas cellulose has ββ -1,4'-glycosidic linkages amylose has ββ -1,4'-glycosidic linkages, whereas cellulose has αα -1,4'-glycosidic linkages cellulose has a higher frequency of αα -1,4'-glycosidic linkages amylose has αα -1,4'-glycosidic linkages, whereas cellulose has both αα -1,4'-glycosidic linkages and ββ -1,4'-glycosidic linkages
Amylase and amylopectin are two different types of glucose polymers found in starch, a homopolysaccharide of D-glucose.
Amylase is the name for the lengthy, unbranched chains of D-glucose residues joined by alpha 1,4 linkages.
The glucose branching polymer, where alpha 1,4 glycosidic connections connect subsequent glucose with alpha 1,6 linkage branch sites.
Another homopolysaccharide of D-glucose is glycogen, which shares the same bonding pattern as starch but is heavily branched (every 8–12 residues as opposed to every 24–30 residues in starch).
A glucose polymer called starch is made up of glucose residues joined by an alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage.
The linear homopolysaccharide cellulose is made up of D-glucose units joined by beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
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A relatively small area with numerous endemic species and a large number of endangered or threatened species is called a _________.
aiden's bloodwork indicates his fasting plasma glucose level is 117 mg/dl, which indicates that aiden:
If Aiden's fasting blood plasma glucose is 117 mg/dl that indicates that Aiden is prediabetic.
A fasting blood glucose test is conducted by taking blood from individuals. Individuals should not eat anything (except water) eight hours prior to the test. This test is a way to find diabetes in a person. If the blood glucose level is between 70 and 100 mg/dl then the individual is normal. If it is between 100 mg/dl and 125 mg/dl then the individual is prediabetic hence maintaining their lifestyle and monitoring blood glucose level is important to prevent diabetes. If the level is more than 125 mg/dl then the person is diabetic. If the level is below 70 mg/dl it is called hypoglycemia.
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What is the most important reason a cell exhibits tight transcriptional control over the regulation of gene expression?.
For the cell, regulation at the transcriptional level saves energy.
Why is the regulation of transcription so crucial?A vital biological process called transcriptional regulation enables a cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular inputs, to establish a cell's identity during development, to maintain it throughout its existence, and to coordinate cellular activity.
How does gene expression affect the regulation of transcriptional control?In particular, there are two levels of control over gene expression. The first way transcription is regulated is by regulating the amount of mRNA that can be generated from a given gene. The translation of mRNA into proteins is regulated by post-transcriptional events, which constitute the second level of control.
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once t helper cells are activated, they secrete which substance that activates and influences nearly all of the other cells of the immune system?
Helper T cells secrete cytokines to activate and regulate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and other immune cells.
Helper T cells are a type of immune cell. When it senses an infection, it activates other immune cells to fight it. They can activate cytotoxic T cells or B cells that produce antibodies. Helper T cells are one of the most important cell types involved in adaptive immune responses. Helper T cells are perhaps the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for nearly all adaptive immune responses. Not only does it activate B cells to secrete antibodies and help macrophages destroy ingested microbes, but it also activates cytotoxic T cells to help kill infected target cells. are of three main types. Cytotoxicity, helper, regulation. Each of them has a different role in the immune response
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Sympathetic nervous system increasesA. Heart beatB. Secretion of salivaC. Secretion of digestive juicesD.All the above
Sympathetic nervous system increases the rate of Heart beat.
explain about sympathetic nervous system ?
The parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system are the other two components of the autonomic nervous system, together with the sympathetic nervous system (SANS or SYNS). Sometimes the enteric nervous system is seen as a component of the autonomic nervous system, while other times it is regarded as a separate system.
Heart rate is regulated by two areas in the brain's medulla: the cardiac accelerator centre and cardiac inhibitory centre. Sensory nerves enter the SA node coming from the accelerator centre. The sympathetic nervous system's stimulation of these nerves results in an increase in heart rate.
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you are in charge of creating a mathematical model that describes the population growth of a species of butterfly where the adults lay their eggs in the fall and then die. what type of population growth best describe this species?
The mathematical model that describes the butterfly growth is exponential growth curve.
Exponential growth, a populace's in line with capita (in line with individual) boom price remains the identical irrespective of populace size, making the populace develop quicker and quicker because it receives larger. In nature, populations can also additionally develop exponentially for a few period, however they may in the long run be restrained through aid availability.
The Exponential Growth Model:
Malthus proposed a mathematical version of populace boom. Here as the butterfly shows immigration and migration along with the growth.
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for protein synthesis on the ribosomes. which three statements correctly describe the processing that takes place before a mature mrna exits the nucleus?
Beginning, extending, and ending are its three stages. Pre-mRNA processing is made up of (a) 5′-end capping, (b) splicing, and (c) 3′-end polyadenylation.
The beginning, elongation, and termination phases of an mRNA molecule's translation by the ribosome occur sequentially. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the first sequence of the mRNA during initiation. Two closely related stages are involved in the attachment of a polyA tail to the 3′ end of mRNA. The first step is endonucleolytic cleavage of the pre-mRNA to produce a free 3′ hydroxyl that serves as the substrate for the next step, the insertion of adenosines without using a template (polyadenylation). The genetic code found in mRNA is read and utilised to create a protein during translation. The fundamental tenet of molecular biology summarizes these two processes as follows
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what did chargaff discover about dna diversity and the relative amounts of nucleotides in dna strands?
Chargaff found that the proportion of T to A in DNA from any source was equal. C also had the same value as G. Although he might have believed that these ratios implied that T and C were always physically coupled or connected to one another and to G, he did not make this claim.
The first thing Chargaff noted was that DNA, whether it was taken from a plant or an animal, had the same amounts of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. These similarities gave us information on the chemical combinations that make up the double helix.
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why were the eggshells cultured seprately from the egg contents? why were the eggs sanitized before contenets were cultured
There is a big chance that microscopic fungus will contaminate the eggshell surface during egg collection. On the eggshell's surface and inside the egg, mycelial hyphae may develop.
Can bacteria pass through eggshells?Salmonellae and other bacteria can pass through the membranes and eggshells. Penetration is measurable and detectable, and it has the potential to cross-contaminate many of chicks in the hatchery.
How does the egg shell protect the egg from bacteria?Additionally, the shell includes a thin outer layer known as the bloom or cuticle, which aids in blocking out dust and pathogens. These two translucent protein membranes, which are located between the eggshell and egg white, offer effective protection against bacterial invasion.
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Repeated, wavelike smooth muscle contractions in the gi tract that move food through the tract are called.
Peristalsis refers to the repeated, wavelike smooth muscle contractions in the GI tract that move food through the tract.
Peristalsis is a radially well-proportioned shortening and relaxation of influences that breed in a call to a tube, in an anterograde route. The parasympathetic central nervous system (PNS) provokes peristalsis via the myenteric network.
The affecting animate nerve organs (sensory) strain of the myenteric network gives information to interneurons inside the network. Interneurons' ideas radiate from a central point of sleeplessness, exciting an action potential (pierce-wave) inside smooth power cells causing Peristalsis. Smooth muscle fibers are situated in a divider of hollow visceral means (to a degree the liver, pancreas, and entrails), except the courage, perform spindle-formed, and are still under automatic control.
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cirque de soleil's shift from animals, candy and beverage concessionaires in the aisles, and feature performers to a live theater, operatic-style format exemplifies this type of value innovation: group of answer choices reduce create eliminate raise
In cirque de solei's shift from animals, candy and beverage concessionaires in the aisles, and feature performers to a live theater, operatic-style format exemplifies this type of value innovation eliminate.
The system of innovation: The enterprise prefers to apply the perception that ‘no concept is a horrific concept’ method (Avi 2012, para. 2) to inspire a non-judgemental environment. This, in turn, promotes the way of life of innovation and creativity, wherein disagreements and debates are used to the benefit of the enterprise to spur new thoughts and take away the ones that don't fit.
The technique of looking for a consensus can result in improvements for use in destiny shows (Heward & 1st Baron Verulam 2006); it's far the anxiety in the course of the innovative system that could simply result in an revolutionary breakthrough.
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which hormone does not play a direct role in triggering the adolescent musculoskeletal growth spurt? g
Answer: thyroid hormone
Explanation: The role of thyroid hormone during the later stages of growth and development is mediated by its effects on X metabolism, release, and receptor formation.
chemical reactions proceed spontaneously if the change in free energy g, is a negative number. at times, cells must make reactions with positive g values proceed. explain how atp (adenosine triphosphate) can be used by the cell to make reactions with positive g proceed in the direction necessary.
In coupled reaction, one reaction has a positive delta G while other has large negative delta G. And combining these two reaction net reaction has negative delta-G, thus proceed in desired direction.
Most of the anabolic reactions or constructive reactions in the cells are not energetically favourable that is, delta G is positive. And chemically only those reactions occur which are energetically favourable that is delta G is negative. To overcome this problem cell utilize the energy which is conserved in the form of ATP. Phosphate bonds are present in ATP are high energy bonds, when it is hydrolyze, hey will produce large amount of energy. This high energy is used by the cell to overcome from the energy requirement in the other non favourable reaction where delta G is positive. This is termed as the coupled reaction, in which one reaction has a positive delta G while other has large negative delta G. Thus, combining these two reactions the net delta-G of the reaction becomes negative and reaction moves into the desired direction.
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The nematode c. Elegans has approximately 19,000 genes, while humans have 25,000. Although the number of genes is similar, humans can make more than 4x as many proteins as c. Elegans. What is the most plausible explanation for this phenomenon?.
The majority of nematodes eat bacteria, fungus, or other tiny organisms as food. As a result, they play a significant role in soil and sediment ecosystems.
What is nematodes?Caenorhabditis elegans, a species that consumes soil bacteria, has become well-known as a study model: three experts on the worm's biology were awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in medicine.
Only a small portion of all nematode species are parasites of people, animals, or crops. These have therefore gotten the most consideration from nematology researchers.
Pinworms, hookworms, trichina, and dog heartworm are well-known animal parasites that can have an adverse effect on health and the economy.
Therefore, The majority of nematodes eat bacteria, fungus, or other tiny organisms as food. As a result, they play a significant role in soil and sediment ecosystems.
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1. describe the basic process of an elisa. what binds to what? when you get a positive or negative result from an elisa, what are you actually seeing?
Antigen-antibodies has interaction in the foundation of ELISA. Here, the particular antibodies unite with or bind to their target antigen. The substrate can only bind to the enzyme when the contact occurs.
A favorable outcome is attained because substrate conversion may then be seen. Proteins called antibodies serve as your body's defence against foreign substances. Your immune system creates antibodies, which bind to these foreign molecules and transport them out of your body. Immunoglobulin is a different term for antibody. An antigen is a material from outside your body that reacts with it. An enzyme is a protein that serves as a biological catalyst. A certain chemical reaction in the cell is accelerated by it. During the process, the enzyme is not destroyed.
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many game species (e.g. elk, turkey, white-tail deer, antelope) populations have greatly decreased over the past decade due to over-hunting.
False, many game species (e.g. elk, turkey, white-tail deer, antelope) populations have not greatly decreased over the past decade due to over-hunting.
Overhunting is an activity that causes a significant reduction in the population of a species or harm to wildlife. It is also defined as the relentless pursuit of wild or game animals in order to kill or capture them for economic, personal, or food reasons. Local extinctions can result from local hunting and illegal wildlife trade, which can drive species to extinction. Because of hunting, wildlife populations have declined in forests throughout the tropics, and vulnerable species have often been extirpated, resulting in what is known as the 'empty forest syndrome.'
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Match the historical selection pressure with the secondary evolutionary outcome that resulted.
-A mutation that provides resistance to malaria
-A mutation that provides some resistance to tuberculosis
-A CCR-5 cell receptor mutation that provides resistance to small pox
The sickle-cell allele is well-known as a mutation that causes red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape when deoxygenated in AS heterozygotes, where A represents the non-mutant version of the -globin gene, and also confers malaria resistance in AS heterozygotes.
MDR-TB refers to TB bacteria that are resistant to two of the most significant TB medications, isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (R).
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) occurs when an individual develops MDR-TB that is resistant to additional medications such as fluoroquinolones and injectables.
The CCR5-delta 32 mutation effectively closes "the door," preventing HIV from entering the cell. Only 1% of Northern Europeans, notably Swedes, are resistant to HIV infection.
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synthetic biologists are trying to create cells from raw material. one step in the process is encapsulating genetic material into a compartment. researchers of the origin of life think that the earliest cells on earth may have used rna as their genetic material instead of dna. as biologists consider which genetic material to use in creating their synthetic cells, which of the following characteristics of a single-stranded rna genome should they keep in mind?
The characteristic of a single-stranded RNA genome that should be kept in mind is b) a newly synthesized RNA strand is not identical to the template strand.
RNA can be described as a nucleic acid molecule that is made up of a single strand. On the other hand, DNA can be described as a nucleic acid molecule made up of two strands.
Synthetic biologists, when considering single-stranded RNA genomes should keep in mind that a newly synthesized RNA strand cannot act as a template strand for forming another nucleotide strand. This is because the information on the RNA strand will be decoded only by the formation of amino acids. Hence, the RNA molecule will not be able to serve as genetic material for synthetic biologists.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Synthetic biologists are trying to create cells from raw materials. one step in the process is encapsulating genetic material into a compartment. researchers of the origin of life think that the earliest cells on earth may have used RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. as biologists consider which genetic material to use in creating their synthetic cells, which of the following characteristics of a single-stranded RNA genome should they keep in mind?
a) RNA genome will be unstable
b) a newly synthesized RNA strand is not identical to the template strand
c) RNA genome will become double-stranded
d) RNA genome will not be transferred
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Predict whether a strawberry placed in concentrated saltwater will gain or lose water due to osmosis. Defend your prediction.
Answer:
i need points
Explanation:
a junk yard located across from a subdivision would cause: select one: a. functional obsolescence b. environmental obsolescence c. physical obsolescence d. non-conforming obsolescence
The answer is environmental obsolescence.
Environmental obsolescence is a type of depreciation that results from factors outside of the actual asset, such as the environment, society, or economy. An example would be a nearby landfill for trash. By spending money on repairs, the homeowner cannot turn around this value decline. Things that were once novel and ground-breaking are becoming obsolete as technology develops. VHS tapes, one-hour photo labs, and phone booths are just a few items that have virtually disappeared over the past 20 years.
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