Textbook: Purchasing and Supply Managemnet by: Johnson and Flynn
True or False
8. Evaluation and rating systems that assign values such as excellent, very good, good, fair and poor to performance are known as objective rating systems.
9. Early supplier involvement extends to an organization’s first tier suppliers and may continue to subsequent tiers of suppliers for high value requirements.

This is best demonstrated by the unit of account forThis year, state university's stated tuition is $8,000 each semester.

Which SUNY has the best reputation?

As per U.S. News & World Report, which included Binghamton University in its yearly lists of top universities for more than three decades, Binghamton University is indeed the top-ranked SUNY for value.

Is ASU a reputable college?

according to a poll of more than 160,000 students, a top university in the United States for undergraduate education is listed in "The Best 388 Colleges 2023."The university was hailed by students for its "innovation," "capacity to tailor every student's experience," and "endless

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If the tax rate is 25 percent. if the company's debt-equity ratio is .64, The weighted average cost of capital is 9.39%.

Using this formula to find the weighted average cost of capital

Weighted average cost of capital = (bonds × (1 - tax rate) ] × (debt -equity ratio / (1+ debt equity ratio) + Cos to equity × (1/ debt-equity ratio)

Let plug in the formula

Weighted average cost of capital =[0.052 × (1-0.25) ]× (.64/1.64) + 0.129 × (1/1.64)

Weighted average cost of capital =[0.052 × (.75) ]× (.64/1.64) + 0.129 × (1/1.64)

Weighted average cost of capital =[0.039 × 0.39024 ]+0.0787

Weighted average cost of capital =0.01522 + 0.0787

Weighted average cost of capital  =0.0939× 100

Weighted average cost of capital =9.39%

Therefore the Weighted average cost of capital is 9.39%.

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Merkel Corporation issues $200,000 face amount bonds with a stated interest rate of 6%. If the market interest rate is 5%, the bonds will issue at  premium.

What is a Premium Bond?

A premium bond is one that trades above its face value, or in other words, one that is more expensive than the bond's face value. Because its interest rate is higher than the market's current rates, a bond may trade at a premium.

Another distinct category of bond issued in the UK is a premium bond. A premium bond is also known as a lottery bond in the UK and is issued by the National Savings and Investment Scheme of the British government.

Bonds that trade above their face value or cost more than their face value are referred to as premium bonds. Because its interest rate is higher than those of the current market, a bond may trade at a premium.

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Annual depreciation at the end of year 3 is $4,000

The standard annual rate at which a fixed asset is depreciated is known as annual depreciation. If the straight-line approach is taken, this rate is constant from year to year. If an accelerated technique is utilized, annual depreciation will peak in the early years and then start to fall off in the later years. Divided by the asset's useful life, annual depreciation is equal to the asset's cost less salvage value. The depreciation rate is the total amount depreciated each year, expressed as a percentage.

Annual depreciation

= (the cost of assets - salvage value)/ Estimated useful life

Cost - 22,000

Residual value = 2,000

Estimated useful life = 5 years

Annual depreciation = (22,000- 2,000)/5 =4,000

Annual depreciation = 4,000

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For instance, a $1,000 bond with a 7% coupon yields $70 annually. These interest payments are typically semiannual, which means the investor will get $35 twice a year.

Bonds are fixed-income investments that represent loans made to borrowers by investors (typically corporate or governmental).

A bond is comparable to a contract between a lender and borrower outlining the conditions of a loan and the related payments.

Savings bonds, agency bonds, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, and treasuries are some examples of bonds.

Treasury bonds, which are the safest bonds but have the lowest interest rates, are typically sold at auction.

One kind of debt instrument is a bond. It is a way for organizations or governments to raise money. Institutions issue bonds and guarantee investors regular interest payments.

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Yes, it is true: us bankruptcy court has exclusive federal jurisdiction over core bankruptcy proceedings, and state courts have exclusive state jurisdiction over all matters not subject to federal jurisdiction, including but not limited to, divorce and adoption cases.

Bankruptcy courts are set up to deal with the issue of bankruptcy only. Each of the 94 federal judicial districts has jurisdiction over bankruptcy proceedings, and bankruptcy cases are filed in the bankruptcy court in practically every district. By selling up their possessions to pay off their obligations or by coming up with a repayment plan, those who are unable to pay their creditors can receive a fresh start thanks to bankruptcy rules. The High Court is extremely qualified to handle these claims, so the parties can rest easy knowing their case is in capable hands.

There may be other options for debt recovery depending on the type of transaction, such as the Rental Housing Tribunal or an Ombudsman.

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When events generated by a random process have deviated from the population average in a short run, individuals may erroneously believe that the opposite deviation becomes more likely. This summarizes the Gambler’s fallacy.

This fallacy is a false belief that events in the past will influence events in the future, even though they are independent of each other.

Also known as Monte Carlo fallacy, it is a belief in the influence of a sequence of events independent of each other. This fallacy occurs when someone believes that because a particular event has occurred sequentially over some time, an opposite or alternate event will happen soon.

It is a logical fallacy in which an individual believes that any past event will influence the outcome of any future event.

It is important to emphasize that this fallacy does not apply when the probability of different events is not independent.

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If the project's maximum payback period is equal to or less than that of the managers, it will be the one that pays off the quickest.

The time frame required for an investor to achieve break-even or recover their investment's cost is known as the payback period. The investment appeal of longer repayment terms is lower than that of shorter ones.

The Payback Period indicates how long it takes a company to recover an investment. With the use of this kind of study, businesses can assess potential investment options and select a venture that would maximize theinvestment in the shortest time if that criteria is important to them.O

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Service standards are rules that staff members must abide by when engaging with clients. Avoid making them excessively severe or inflexible because not all standards will be applicable.

Effectiveness: Customers value your services because you enable them to carry out the task they came for. Customers expect an experience that is simple, straightforward, and free of unnecessary stages. Emotion: Customers leave with the pleased mood they anticipated.

Although each channel might be thought of as providing a different kind of customer service, your company can actually only provide proactive and reactive customer service. This article will discuss numerous customer service models, ranging from varied support.

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When the regular audit leading to an opinion on financial statements discloses specific circumstances that create suspicion that fraud may exist, and the auditor concludes that the results of such fraud.

In order to acquire a reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of substantial misstatement, whether brought on by fraud or error, the auditor has a duty to plan and carry out the audit. This section lays out the guidelines and procedures for carrying out that duty in an audit of financial statements with regard to fraud.

Despite the fact that the focus of this section is on the auditor's consideration of fraud in an audit of financial statements, it is management's duty to develop and execute policies and procedures to prevent, deter, and spot fraud. specifies that management is responsible for implementing good accounting policies and for creating and maintaining internal controls that will, among other things, initiate, record, process, and report transactions (as well as events).

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A possible outcome of this information may limit the amount of damages for which the employer is liable.

What is the strict liability standard for employers?

“Strict Liability” means that the employer's liability arises regardless of the employer's own lack of knowledge or the employer's attempts to remedy the situation, such as by publishing a policy against sexual harassment.

Who is liable for discriminatory actions by an employee?

In the event that you are discriminated against in the workplace, who can you file a claim against—the person who actually discriminated against you or your employer? While in some cases those two may be the same person, if they are different, then your employer is the one who is liable for the discriminatory conduct.

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Supplier alliances are occurring more frequently, and suppliers and customers are getting to know one another better.

Fraud Collusion Dangers.

The standard acknowledges the dangers of collusion as well as the increased risk for the auditor in expressing an incorrect opinion, or "audit failure."

The issues with asset misappropriation and financial statement misstatement are brought up by the amended standard for auditors to consider.

Employees, suppliers, customers, and other parties must enlist the help of their co-conspirators in the first type of fraud, or at the very least work together to plan it. This is not a simple task, as it will be discussed below; in an asset theft scheme, coordination and recruitment demand a certain level of risk from the participants.

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Both option A and B are correct. Option C which states " For debt issued at a discount: interest expense reported on the income statement equals cash interest payment less amortization of the discount" is not the correct answer.

A technique known as amortisation is used to lower a bond's cost base for each period in order to reflect the economic reality of the bond's impending maturity. At par, the amortisation is completed. It is simple to prepare and necessary for figuring tax returns. Additionally done yearly, it has various tax ramifications depending on the bond types. A bond is said to be sold at a discount if the market interest rate exceeds the coupon rate. For the purpose of calculating net income, the amount of the amortisation of the bonds' discount for each period of the cash coupon payment is added.

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the depreciation expense for the second year using the double-declining-balance method of depreciation will be  c.$2,640

(100% ÷ 5 years) X 2 = 40%

Depreciation for year 1 = $11,000 X 40% = $4,400.

Depreciation for year 2 = ($11,000 - $4,400) X 40% = $2,640.

A method of accounting known as the double declining balance (DDB) depreciation method entails depreciating some assets at a rate that is twice that of straight-line depreciation. As a result, depreciation increases during the first year of ownership and decreases thereafter.

When you buy assets that depreciate more rapidly in the first few years, the optimal scenario for using double declining balance depreciation is that situation. The asset that loses value the most in the first few years of ownership is a car.

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The TelePizza chain, which operates in Europe and Latin America, has copied Domino's service model but maintains differentiation in terms of location. TelePizza is an example of a(n) counterfeiter.

A counterfeit is an item that uses someone else's trademark without their permission. by making or selling a counterfeit, criminals are looking to profit unfairly from the trademark owner's recognition. Counterfeiting is a fraudulent imitation (a forgery) of a dependent on an emblem and product, and it's miles a serious crime. Counterfeiting has a right away impact on authorities' fees and tax sales. It has an unfavorable impact on employment too, that is skilled by using the retailers, suppliers, and supply chain.

Those counterfeit goods commonly bear the trademark of a legitimate and trusted brand, however, they were produced by means of every other party and aren't made to the specifications of the authentic manufacturer. they're frequently produced illegally and offered as an income to fund other criminal sports.

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By the use of incremental net present value under capital budgeting decision for the company it is profitable to opt for new machine instead of continuing old machine because it is positive.

A capital budgeting decision entails both an investment and a financial commitment. The corporation commits money to a project, but it also invests in its long-term strategy, which will probably have an impact on initiatives it considers in the future.

By using incremental net present value mechanism the project investment decision under capital budgeting would be ascertain by following manner:

A) Incremental Present value of Initial Outlay = Cost of New machine - Opportunity market value of old asset - tax benefit on loss of sale of old machine.

  ⇒ $200,000 - $80,000 - {(120000-80000)×45%} = $102,000

B) Incremental Present value of Annual Cash Inflows = Cash flow after tax (CFAT) of new machine in next five years and cash flow after tax of old machine in next 6 years

∵ CFAT ⇒ EBITDA - Depreciation - Corporate tax expense + Depreciation

a) New machine = $100,000-$40,000-$27,000+$40,000  = $73000

b) Old Machine = $45,000-$20,000-$11,250+$20,000    = $33750

Now using the present value annuity factor for 5 years and six years respectively at discounting rate 12%;

c) PVAF-12% for 5 Years = 3.60

d) PVAF-12% for 6 Years = 4.11

Compute present value of CFAT:

e) = a) × c) = $73,000 × 3.60 = $262,800.00

f) = b) × d) = $33,750 ×  4.11   =   $138,712.50

∴ g) Incremental Annual CFAT =  $124087.50

C) Incremental Net Present Value = Inflow - Outflow (A -B)

                                                         ⇒ $124087.50 - $102,000

                                                         ⇒ $22087.50

Thus the incremental NPV is positive hence the it is viable to acquire the new asset

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The cost of land would be recorded at $ $107,000, according to the historical cost principle.

The price or worth of an asset is recorded using either historical cost accounting or mark-to-market, or fair value, accounting. Mark-to-market assesses the asset's current market value, while historical cost assesses the asset's value at its original purchase price.

All expenses related to bringing and preparing the property for the planned use are included in the cost of the land. These expenses include the purchase price as well as any associated fees or commissions. The net cost of demolishing an old structure to make room for a new one is also included in the historical cost. Net cost in this context refers to the cost of destruction minus any ancillary proceeds from the previous structure.

Although land has an endless lifespan, keep in mind that it does not depreciate.

Therefore, based on the historical cost principle, the price of the land

=$95,200 + $4,600 + $8,300 - $1,100

= $107,000

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The market shares of the top four firms in the cell phone service companies 23%, 20%, 19%, and 15%. To find the four-firm concentration ratio, add 25%+10%+12%+22%+51%=120%.

One metric for assessing the level of market rivalry is the ratio of four firms. It is figured out by adding the market shares, or the proportion of total sales, of the four biggest companies in the industry. Each of the four largest companies in your chosen industry's revenue totals should be added up. Next, divide that amount by the industry's whole revenues. The four-firm concentration ratio is the outcome when you convert it to a percentage. the proportion of sales value that the four biggest companies in the sector accounted for. The concentration ratio can range anywhere between almost zero for ideal competition and 100% for monopoly. A ratio higher than 40% is a sign of oligopoly.

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This is TRUE statement. Division ABC has a higher return on investment.

ROI is commonly described because the ratio of net income over the total cost of the funding. ROI is most beneficial for your business desires whilst it refers to some thing concrete and measurable, to discover your investment's profits and financial returns.

Return on investment or go back on fees is a ratio between internet earnings and funding. A high ROI approach the funding's profits compare favourably to its value. As a overall performance degree, ROI is used to evaluate the performance of an funding or to evaluate the efficiencies of several special investments.

Return on investment is a simple ratio that divides the internet profit (or loss) from an investment through its fee. due to the fact it's miles expressed as a percent, you could examine the effectiveness or profitability of various funding alternatives.

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The shift in aggregate demand to the right by more than the increase in expenditures is All of the above correct.

Aggregate demand, however, reveals the total sum of the marketplace for every single product and service that a financial system produces and expresses it as a complete dollar value. as an example, a rustic may want to have a mixture of demand for goods and offerings equal to $1B according to year.

A combination call is a way of looking at the complete call for goods and offerings in any economic system. it is a tool of macroeconomists, used to assist decide or expecting typical financial strength within a rustic, in a given time frame -- normally 12 months.

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Justifying the negative information in the message by giving a reason.

In mathematics, a terrible range represents the opposite.[1] within the real quantity device, a bad variety is a variety of this is much less than zero. poor numbers are frequently used to represent the significance of a loss or deficiency. A debt this is owed may be notion of as a negative asset. If a quantity, including the rate on an electron, may have either of  opposite senses, then one may also pick to differentiate between the ones senses—perhaps arbitrarily—as positive and bad. poor numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below 0, which include the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature.

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The company's operating profit margin and EPS, given the income statement and the values therein, can be found to be C. 10.0% and $1.68.

The operating profit margin can be found by the formula:

= Operating profit / total revenue x 100 %

= 60, 000 / 600, 000 x 100%

= 10 %

The Earnings per share ( EPS ) can be found by the formula:
= Total earnings or Net income / Outstanding share volume

= 33, 600, 000 / 20, 000, 000 shares

= 1 .68

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In this case, the firm benefits from an economy of Scope, reducing overall production costs by finding multiple uses for its components and facilities.

In this question, it is stated that a company that manufactures electronic components can use its manufacturing machines to produce many different components like semiconductors, sensors, etc. In this case, the company benefits from an economy of Scope.

This means that the company tends to gain a profit from having multiple purposes for the same machines. It reduces the overall production costs by finding multiple uses for its components and facilities. This explains the scope that the company has to make a profit out of it.

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NF= [9.75(0.9930m)]/[9(0.98100,000)] =328.32

328 contracts should be sold.

By multiplying the product of the optimal hedge ratio and the units of the position to be hedged by the size of one futures contract, the optimal number of contracts required to hedge a position is determined.

In investing, risk can never be completely removed. Risk, however, can be at least somewhat reduced. Thus, a trader is at least partially converting the underlying "price risk" into another type of risk, known as "base risk," when they enter into a futures contract to hedge against potential price variations.

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The parties' opinion that the properties are adjacent was voidable. Organic Farms Company as well as Prime Bottomland sign an agreement for the purchase of two land tracts.

A legally enforceable arrangement among two or more individuals is referred to as a contract. Once this contract is signed, each party promises to uphold the rights and obligations outlined in it. In essence, every contract is built around a promise.

Legally binding agreements are practical tools for maintaining an effective business. Contracts providing business services provide the essential legal protections you need for any operation. In addition to lowering risk, contracts also protect you and your company by outlining your rights and duties in each agreement.

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Federal law, (Legal Definition), A physique of law at the easiest or country wide stage of a federal government, consisting of a constitution, enacted laws and the court docket choices pertaining to them.

These enumerated powers include, amongst other things, the strength to levy taxes, modify commerce, establish a uniform law of naturalization, set up federal courts (subordinate to the Supreme Court), set up and hold a military, and declare war.

The regulation of the United States includes many ranges of codified and uncodified types of law, of which the most essential is the nation's Constitution, which prescribes the foundation of the federal government of the United States, as properly as more than a few civil liberties.

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If the quantity of an input is variable in the short run, its total cost will as output increases.

The marginal cost curve will shift upward because an increase in output necessitates additional labor, which is also more expensive right now. Average total and average variable costs will climb along with the increase in total variable cost.

One element is constant in the short term. As a result, the price of this constant factor does not alter as the amount produced does. When one factor is fixed, the short-run total cost function displays the lowest total cost of manufacturing each amount. Whether or whether the commodity is produced at all, the fixed cost must be covered.

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If the quantity demanded for good A increases from 40 to 60 when the price decreases from $9 to $7, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand in this price range is 1.6. This is a true statement.

Price Elasticity of Demand =% Change in Demanded Quantity /% Change in Price For instance, the price elasticity of demand would be 1.5 if the quantity sought for a product rose 15% in response to a 10% price cut.

The percentage change in quantity required divided by the percentage change in price is used to compute the price elasticity of demand. Demand is seen as being elastic if the quotient is larger than or equal to one. Demand is deemed inelastic if the value is lower than one.

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Production of goods under the most optimum conditions can provide an additional cost advantage over competitors. This is referred to as the Location Economy.

In economics and geography, location theory is a theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity; it has become an integral part of economic geography, regional science, and spatial economics. What economic activities are located where and why is addressed by location theory.

Economic activities can be located on a broad scale, such as a region or metropolitan area, or on a more specific scale, such as a zone, neighborhood, city block, or individual site. Over the plain, transportation costs are only proportional to the distance traveled and the volume shipped.

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Answer: fiat money

Explanation: