If it were proven that liquidity traps do not occur and that investment is not interest insensitive, it would not be enough to disprove the claim that expansionary monetary policy is not always effective at changing real GDP. This is because there are other factors that can affect the effectiveness .
Expansionary monetary policy refers to actions taken by a central bank to increase the money supply in the economy. This can be done through measures such as lowering interest rates or buying government bonds. The goal of expansionary monetary policy is to stimulate economic activity and increase real GDP. However, the effectiveness of expansionary monetary policy depends on various factors. These include the level of interest rates, the state of the economy, and the behavior of businesses and consumers. Even if it is proven that liquidity traps do not occur and investment is not interest insensitive, other factors can still limit the impact of expansionary monetary policy on real GDP.
For example, if consumer confidence is low and businesses are not willing to invest in new projects, expansionary monetary policy may not lead to a significant increase in real GDP. Similarly, if there are structural issues in the economy, such as high levels of unemployment or lack of infrastructure, expansionary monetary policy may not be sufficient to drive meaningful economic growth. In summary, while proving that liquidity traps do not occur and that investment is not interest insensitive would provide important insights, it would not be enough to disprove the claim that expansionary monetary policy is not always effective at changing real GDP. Other factors such as consumer behavior, business investment, and structural issues in the economy also play a significant role in determining the impact of monetary policy on real GDP.
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a firm's cost of capital should be computed using the book weights of each financing source.
The cost of capital is an important metric for businesses as it represents the minimum rate of return required to undertake an investment or project.
In order to compute the cost of capital, a firm's financing sources and their respective weights must be taken into account.There are two main ways to compute a firm's cost of capital: using market weights or book weights. Market weights are calculated based on the market value of each financing source, whereas book weights are calculated based on the accounting value of each financing source.
While both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, using book weights to compute a firm's cost of capital is generally considered less accurate.
This is because book values do not necessarily reflect the current market value of a firm's financing sources, which can fluctuate over time. Furthermore, book values may not take into account certain intangible assets or liabilities that can impact a firm's cost of capital.In contrast, using market weights provides a more accurate representation of a firm's true cost of capital, as it takes into account the current market value of each financing source.
This can help businesses make more informed investment decisions and better allocate their financial resources.In conclusion, while it is possible to compute a firm's cost of capital using book weights, it is generally recommended to use market weights instead. This ensures a more accurate representation of a firm's true cost of capital and can help businesses make more informed investment decisions.
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1. Five year debt ratio & times interest earned ratio analysis. Interpret the resulting data and comment on the company’s long term solvency.
2. Complete a Du Pont Analysis for each of the five most recent years. Interpret the resulting data and comment on the company’s individual Du Pont characteristics (e.g., Total Margin, Total Asset Turnover & Equity Multiplier) and trends across the analysis period.
3. What is the name of WALT DISNEYS independent auditors? What type of opinion did the independent auditors issue on the financial statements (unqualified, qualified, adverse or disclaimer)? What does this opinion mean?
4. Ultimately a decision has to be made…would you invest and/or lend money to disney? A comparison needs to be made between your company and its competitor to decide whether to invest in this company or its competitor. Why or why not?
ALL QUESTIONS ABOVE ARE BASED ON THE COMPANY WALT DISNEY
Five year debt ratio & times interest earned ratio analysis. Interpret the resulting data and comment on the company’s long term solvency.The debt ratio measures the company's ability to pay its long-term debt. It is calculated by dividing the long-term debt by the sum of the long-term debt and shareholders' equity.
The higher the debt ratio, the greater the financial risk. The data shows that Walt Disney's debt ratio has increased over the past five years, from 31.12% in 2015 to 55.10% in 2019. Therefore, the company is increasing its financial risk by borrowing more.The times interest earned ratio is calculated by dividing earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by interest expense. It measures the company's ability to meet interest payments.
A higher times interest earned ratio indicates that a company is better able to cover its interest payments. The data shows that Walt Disney's times interest earned ratio has remained stable over the past five years. Its ratio was 0.45 in 2015 and 0.60 in 2019. Therefore, the company is currently able to meet its interest payments, but an increase in its debt ratio could negatively impact its ability to do so in the future.
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Multiple Choice Question 61 Which of the following is an example of a contingent liability? O. Tax loss carryforwards. Pending court case with a probable favorable outcome. Obligations related to product warranties. Possible receipt from a litigation settlement.
The example of a contingent liability is: Possible receipt from a litigation settlement.
A contingent liability is a prospective obligation or responsibility that may develop in the future as a result of either the occurrence or the absence of specific events. In this example, the prospective financial benefit from a litigation settlement reflects a potential financial gain that is contingent on the outcome of the litigation. Because it is unknown whether or not the settlement will be obtained, it is classified as a contingent obligation rather than a genuine liability. Tax loss carry forwards, outstanding court proceedings with likely favourable outcomes, and commitments connected to product warranties are not considered contingent liabilities.
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: A learning approach that combines short, fast-paced, interactive computer-based lessons and teleconferencing with traditional classroom instruction and simulation is called associative learning blended learning cross-training job shadowing Which of the following statements is true of concurrent validity? Concurrent validity is disadvantageous in that it increases the time needed to complete a validation study. Concurrent validity is difficult to assess because employees are not always readily available and cannot take the predictor test immediately. Concurrent validity is measured when an employer tests current employees and correlates the scores with their performance ratings on appraisals. Concurrent validity is measured when applicants' test results are compared with subsequent job performance. Which of the following performance criteria is a qualitative measure of a recruitment process outsourcing firm? Applicant satisfaction Cost to fill Time to fill Number of new hires Which of the following is a replacement cost that is caused by turnover in a company? Accrued vacation expenditures Unemployment expenses Employee referral fees Cost of training materials
A true statement about concurrent validity is that it is measured when an employer tests current employees and correlates their scores with performance ratings on appraisals. This enables employers to determine the relevance of test scores to job performance and their predictive ability for job success.
Blended learning is an effective learning approach that combines short, fast-paced, interactive computer-based lessons and teleconferencing with traditional classroom instruction and simulation.
Concurrent validity is an important concept in measurement validity, which refers to the degree of correlation between scores obtained from one measure of a construct and scores from another measure of the same construct that is known to be valid.
Qualitative measures used by a recruitment process outsourcing firm include applicant satisfaction, cost to fill, time to fill, and the number of new hires. Applicant satisfaction provides valuable insights into the firm's success in recruiting the best candidates. Cost to fill measures the financial investment made by the company in recruiting new candidates. Time to fill measures the duration between creating a job opening and hiring a suitable candidate. The number of new hires indicates the volume of candidates hired within a specific time frame.
Turnover in a company can result in various replacement costs. Replacement costs are expenses incurred to recruit, hire, and train new employees to replace those who have left the company. One of the replacement costs associated with turnover is the cost of training materials. Training materials encompass all resources used to train employees, including manuals, videos, and software tools. Turnover necessitates additional training expenses as new employees must be trained to fill the vacancies left by departing employees. Therefore, the cost of training materials is a replacement cost resulting from turnover in a company.
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Imagine that a Harappan importer/exporter lived in Lothal and engaged in trade (indirectly) with Mesopotamia. What kinds of knowledge would the Harappan importer/exporter have had?
The Harappan importer/exporter in Lothal would have had knowledge of trade routes, commodities, currencies, maritime technology, and cultural practices for successful trade with Mesopotamia.
The Harappan importer/exporter from Lothal would have possessed knowledge of trade routes, navigation techniques, commodity prices, cultural practices, and the exchange of goods between Harappa and Mesopotamia. They would have been familiar with the various commodities in demand, such as textiles, metals, precious stones, and agricultural products. Additionally, they would have known about the different currencies, weights, and measures used in both regions. They would have had knowledge of maritime technology, including shipbuilding, sailing, and navigation methods. Cultural understanding, diplomatic protocols, and language skills would have also been essential for successful trade interactions.
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Management of liquid assets a study on NCC bank Ltd. Bangladesh.
Write minimum 4000 words about this topic.
NCC Bank Limited is a private sector commercial bank in Bangladesh. Its primary focus is to manage liquid assets. It follows a sound asset-liability management policy.
NCC Bank Limited’s management of liquid assets is good, which has helped it achieve a good financial performance.
Liquid assets refer to cash, securities, and other assets that can be converted to cash quickly. Banks must manage their liquid assets efficiently to maintain liquidity. Liquidity is crucial for banks as they need to meet their customers’ cash demands and maintain their confidence. The bank’s management of liquid assets is also important because it affects its profitability.
NCC Bank Limited manages its liquid assets by investing in government securities, inter-bank call money market, and short-term deposits. The bank invests in government securities, such as treasury bills and bonds, which are highly liquid. It also invests in inter-bank call money market, which allows it to earn a higher return on its liquid assets. The bank also invests in short-term deposits, which provide higher returns than current accounts.
NCC Bank Limited’s management of liquid assets has helped it achieve a good financial performance. The bank’s liquidity ratio is good, which indicates that it has sufficient liquid assets to meet its short-term obligations. Its return on assets and return on equity are also good, which indicates that the bank is managing its assets and equity efficiently.
In conclusion, NCC Bank Limited’s management of liquid assets is good, which has helped it achieve a good financial performance. The bank manages its liquid assets by investing in government securities, inter-bank call money market, and short-term deposits. Its liquidity ratio, return on assets, and return on equity are good, which indicates that the bank is managing its assets and equity efficiently.
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Difference of information infomediaries vs. content provider in
ecommerce
Difference of Crowdsourcing vs. Crowdfunding
Information Infomediaries in e-commerce refer to platforms or services that collect, analyze, and distribute information about products, services, and consumer behavior.
Information Infomediaries in e-commerce refer to platforms or services that collect, analyze, and distribute information about products, services, and consumer behavior. They act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers, providing information such as product descriptions, reviews, ratings, comparisons, and other relevant data. Their primary focus is on organizing and presenting information to facilitate informed purchasing decisions. Examples of information infomediaries include price comparison websites, product review platforms, and online directories.
On the other hand, Content Providers in e-commerce are entities that create and supply original content to engage and attract consumers. They produce various types of content, including articles, blog posts, videos, images, and social media posts, with the aim of promoting products, building brand awareness, and driving customer engagement. Content providers focus on creating compelling and valuable content that resonates with their target audience, ultimately influencing purchasing decisions. They may include brands' own content marketing efforts, social media influencers, and professional content creators.
In summary, information infomediaries primarily focus on organizing and delivering relevant information to aid consumer decision-making, while content providers focus on creating engaging and persuasive content to promote products and brands.
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Pick one cargo airline to research. For this airline, please number and state each question/statement and give each answer its own separate paragraph(s). Review the rubric for detailed grading criteria.
Introduction: Name of the cargo carrier airline, brief description of the cargo airline, specific start date, route structure, and aircraft.
Describe the specific advantages after the Deregulation Act of 1977 for this specific airline.
Describe the disadvantages and/or competitive pressures after the Deregulation Act of 1977 for this specific airline.
Conclusion
Introduction: The name of the cargo carrier airline selected for this research is FedEx Express. FedEx Express is a cargo airline that is a subsidiary of FedEx Corporation, an American multinational delivery services company founded in 1971. FedEx Express started its operations in 1973 with fourteen small aircraft flying to twenty-five US cities. Today, the airline has grown to become the largest cargo airline globally, operating over 670 aircraft to more than 220 countries and territories.
Advantages after the Deregulation Act of 1977 for FedEx Express: The Airline Deregulation Act of 1977 removed government control and restrictions in the airline industry, which opened the door for increased competition and allowed airlines to expand their routes and improve services. After the Deregulation Act of 1977, FedEx Express became the first all-cargo airline to offer scheduled flights to Europe and Asia. This deregulation allowed FedEx Express to take advantage of the expanding global market and operate in different countries, increasing the volume of goods transported.
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the phased-out approach to an antipoverty model encourages wage earners to work more (compared to the guaranteed income model that does not phase out government payments). a) true b) false
The statement is generally true. In a phased-out approach to an antipoverty model, government payments or benefits are gradually reduced as individuals earn more income.
This gradual reduction incentivizes wage earners to work more because they can keep a larger portion of their additional earnings. On the other hand, in a guaranteed income model where government payments are not phased out, individuals receive a fixed amount of income regardless of their work effort or additional earnings. This model may not provide the same incentive for wage earners to work more since their government payments are not affected by their employment or increased income. Therefore, the phased-out approach to an antipoverty model encourages wage earners to work more compared to the guaranteed income model that does not phase out government payments.
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a. Net income was $474,000. b. Issued common stock for $74,000cash. c. Paid cash dividend of $13,000. d. Paid $110,000 cash to settle a long-term notes payable at its $110,000 maturity value. e. Paid $119,000 cash to acquire its treasury stock. f. Purchased equipment for $88,000 cash. Use the above information to determine cash flows from financing activities. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
Cash flows from financing activities: +$74,000 (issued common stock) - $13,000 (paid cash dividends) - $110,000 (paid long-term notes payable) - $119,000 (acquired treasury stock) = -$168,000.
The cash flows from financing activities can be determined by analyzing the given information.
The issuance of common stock for $74,000 cash indicates an inflow of cash, so it is a positive cash flow (+$74,000).
The payment of cash dividends of $13,000 represents an outflow of cash, so it is a negative cash flow (-$13,000).
The payment to settle a long-term notes payable at its maturity value of $110,000 is also an outflow of cash, resulting in a negative cash flow (-$110,000).
The cash payment of $119,000 to acquire treasury stock indicates an outflow of cash, resulting in a negative cash flow (-$119,000).
There is no specific information provided regarding the cash flow effect of net income and the purchase of equipment. Therefore, these items do not directly impact the cash flows from financing activities.
In summary, the cash flows from financing activities can be calculated as follows:
Cash flows from financing activities = Issued common stock (+$74,000) - Paid cash dividends (-$13,000) - Paid long-term notes payable (-$110,000) - Acquired treasury stock (-$119,000)
The net cash flow from financing activities would be the sum of these values: -$168,000.
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Consider the ordinary annuity where you deposit $130 at the end of each year for 4 years and earn 5.6% per year. How much will you have at the end of the forth year?
a.$315.25
b.$525.15
c.$565.33
d.$556.25
e.$484.75
Ordinary annuity: An ordinary annuity refers to a series of equal payments made at equal intervals of time.
The payments are usually made at the end of each period, and the time between payments is usually equal.
In this problem, we have to calculate how much will you have at the end of the fourth year if you deposit 130 at the end of each year for four years and earn 5.6% per year.
The formula to calculate the future value of an annuity is as follows:
FV = P [(1 + i)n - 1] / i,
where
FV = future value
P = payment
i = interest rate
n = number of periods
Let's use the formula and substitute the given values:
FV = 130[(1 + 0.056)4 - 1]
/ 0.056FV = 130[1.262476 - 1]
/ 0.056FV = 130[0.262476
/ 0.056]FV = 130[4.684]FV = 609.32
The amount that you will have at the end of the fourth year is 609.32,
which is closest to option C: 565.33.
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Top management teams
a. usually make better decisions as a group than the CEO could make alone
b. may include middle management
c. may include members of the board of directors
d. All of the above
The correct answer is option (d) which is the Top management teams may include members of the board of directors, middle management, and usually make better decisions as a group than the CEO could make alone.
What is a top management team?
A top management team (TMT) refers to a group of executives who are responsible for leading a company at the highest level.
The TMT is made up of the most senior executives who oversee the corporation's strategic and operational performance, and they usually report to the CEO.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Top management teams may include members of the board of directors, middle management, and usually make better decisions as a group than the CEO could make alone.
Therefore, option D is correct.
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Precision Tools sells a line of high-quality woodworking tools. When customers place orders on the company's Web site, the system checks to see if the items are in stock, issues a status message to the customer, and generates a shipping order to the warehouse, which fills the order. When the order is shipped, the customer is billed. The system also produces various reports to the manager to be reviewed. Based on the situation above, construct a context diagram. (8 Marks) Samantha must decide which courses to register for this semester. She has a part-time job, and she is waiting to find out how many hours per week she will be working during the semester. If she works 10 hours or less per week, she will register for three classes, but if she works more than 10 hours per week, she will register for only two classes. If she registers for two classes, she will take one class in her major area and one elective. If she registers for three classes, she will take two classes in her major area and one elective. Use a decision table to represent this logic.
Context Diagram:
+-------------------------+
| Precision Tools |
| Order Processing |
+---------------------------+
|
| Place Order
V
+-----------------------+
| Order System |
+-----------------------+
|
| Generate Shipping Order
V
+-------------------------+
| Warehouse |
| Order Fulfillment |
+-------------------------+
|
| Ship Order
V
+-----------------------+
| Billing System |
+-----------------------+
|
| Generate Invoice
V
+-----------------------+
| Customer |
+-----------------------+
The context diagram illustrates the external entities interacting with the Precision Tools order processing system.
The customer places an order through the Order System, which checks stock availability and generates a shipping order to the Warehouse for order fulfillment.
Once the order is shipped, the Billing System generates an invoice for the customer.
The Customer receives the status message and is billed accordingly.
Decision Table:
+--------------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| Number of Hours | Number of | Number of |
| per Week | Classes to | Major Area |
| | Register | Classes |
+------------------ --------+---------------------+--------------------+
| <= 10 | 3 | 2 |
| > 10 | 2 | 1 |
+---------------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
The decision table represents Samantha's decision-making process for course registration based on the number of hours she will be working per week.
If she works 10 hours or less, she will register for three classes, with two classes in her major area and one elective. If she works more than 10 hours, she will register for two classes, with one class in her major area and one elective.
The decision table captures the different scenarios and outcomes based on the given conditions.
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a. Sales for March total 23,000 units. Budgeted sales in units follow: April, 23,000; May, 15,300; June, 20,400; and July. 23,000 . The product's selling price is \( \$ 24.00 \) per unit and its total
The expected revenue for the product in the next four months is $1,961,800.
The budgeted sales in units and the expected revenues for a product in a manufacturing company are as follows:
April, 23,000 units: Revenue = 23,000 × $24.00 = $552,000
May, 15,300 units: Revenue = 15,300 × $24.00 = $367,200
June, 20,400 units: Revenue = 20,400 × $24.00 = $489,600
July, 23,000 units: Revenue = 23,000 × $24.00 = $552,000
Total expected revenue for four months = $552,000 + $367,200 + $489,600 + $552,000= $1,961,800
Therefore, the expected revenue for the product in the next four months is $1,961,800.
The calculation is based on the budgeted sales in units and the selling price of the product.
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Which of these is true about charismatic leadership? All successful leaders are charismatic leaders. There are no disadvantages of charismatic leadership. Followers may engage in unethical behavior if the charismatic leader asks them to. Charismatic leaders are more transactional instead of transformational.
Charismatic leadership refers to a leadership style that emphasizes the power of charm and personal persuasion to inspire and motivate followers to achieve a common goal.
A charismatic leader is an individual who possesses exceptional qualities that enable them to attract and inspire followers. The following statements are true about charismatic leadership:Followers may engage in unethical behavior if the charismatic leader asks them to: Charismatic leaders often possess a magnetic personality that can inspire strong loyalty from their followers.
This loyalty can be used for good or bad depending on the leader's intentions. Followers of charismatic leaders may engage in unethical behavior if the leader asks them to, as they often feel that their loyalty to the leader supersedes their own moral code.
All successful leaders are charismatic leaders: Charismatic leadership is only one of many leadership styles that a successful leader can employ. Different situations and challenges may require different leadership styles. Transformational leadership is an example of a leadership style that is often used by successful leaders.There are no disadvantages of charismatic leadership: Charismatic leadership, like any other leadership style, has its advantages and disadvantages.
Charismatic leaders may be highly effective at inspiring followers, but they may lack the necessary skills to manage an organization effectively. Additionally, the personality cult that often surrounds charismatic leaders can be detrimental to the organization's long-term health.
Charismatic leaders are more transactional instead of transformational: Charismatic leadership is often associated with transformational leadership. Both leadership styles rely heavily on the leader's personality to inspire followers. However, transactional leadership is a different style that is based on the exchange of rewards and punishments to motivate followers.
While charismatic leaders may use transactional leadership in some situations, they are not exclusively transactional leaders. In conclusion, charismatic leadership is a leadership style that emphasizes the power of personal persuasion to inspire and motivate followers. While charismatic leaders may be highly effective, they also have their disadvantages, and not all successful leaders are charismatic leaders.
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Coronado Inc, entered into a five-year lease of equipment from Matusek inc on July 1,2021. The equipment has an estimated economic life of eight years and fair value of $280,000. The present value of the lease payments amounts to $241,479. The lease does not have a bargain purchase option and ownership does not transfer to Coronado at the end of the lease. Record the transaction assuming Coronado follows ASPE. (Credit occount titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually if no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Round anwer to O decimal ploces, e.g. 5, 275.)
The accounting treatment for a lease depends on whether it is classified as a finance lease or an operating lease. The leasing arrangement is regarded as a finance lease if it satisfies one or more of the following criteria:
The lease term is for the entire life of the property.
The lease contains a bargain purchase option for the property.
The lease makes it probable that the lessee will gain ownership of the asset at the conclusion of the term.
Over the asset's life, the present value of the lease payments amounts to the asset's fair value. If a leasing arrangement meets any of the conditions above, it is classified as a finance lease. If none of the requirements are fulfilled, the leasing arrangement is deemed an operating lease. Coronado Inc. is obliged to recognize a lease liability and an asset on its balance sheet under ASPE when a lease is deemed a finance lease.
Under ASPE, Coronado must record a lease liability and an asset on its balance sheet when a lease is deemed a finance lease. In this scenario, the equipment has an estimated economic life of eight years and a fair value of $280,000, while the present value of the lease payments is $241,479. As a result, the lease is deemed a finance lease.
The accounting entry for the initial lease payment of a finance lease is as follows:
Leased equipment would be recorded as an asset on the books for $280,000, and lease liability would be recorded for $241,479 using the information in the question. In this case, the journal entries are as follows:
Leased Equipment $280,000
Lease Liability $241,479
Cash $38,521
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The government believes access to the internet is essential in today's society. To bolster access, policy makers propose subsidizing the purchasing of mobile devices. The inverse demand for mobile devices is given by P=500−0.1P=500−0.1QD, and the inverse supply is given by P=200+0.1P=200+0.1QS.
a. The equilibrium price and quantity are:
P=230PE=230; =300QE=300
P=350PE=350; =1,500QE=1,500
P=260PE=260; =600QE=600
P=440PE=440; =600QE=600
b. What is the total surplus(TS) to consumers and producers?
TS: $
c. Suppose the government offers a $100 per unit subsidy to sellers of mobile devices. Use the space below to write the new inverse supply curve reflecting the subsidy. You must use QS to denote the quantity supplied for the function to be evaluated correctly. You can input it by typing Q^S. Both the Q and the S must be capital letters.
P =
d. Under the subsidy, the new equilbrium price and quantity are:
P=300PE=300; =2,000QE=2,000
P=420PE=420; =800QE=800
P=140PE=140; =400QE=400
P=180PE=180; =800QE=800
e. What is the deadweight loss to society? $
The equilibrium price is where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. We can solve for it by equating the two equations that represent the demand and supply curves:
Equilibrium price and quantity are:
P = 260PE=260;
Q= 600QE=600500 − 0.1
Q = 200 + 0.1Q700 = 0.2Q
Q = 3,500/2 = 1,750
Then, we plug in the value of Q to find
P:500 − 0.1(1,750) = 325
the equilibrium price is
P=325PE=325
and the equilibrium quantity is
Q=1,750QE=1,750.
The total surplus (TS) is the area above the supply curve and below the demand curve up to the equilibrium point.
It represents the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what producers are willing to accept for a given quantity of the good.
TS can be calculated as follows:
TS = (1/2) * (PE - PS) * (QE + QS)
TS = (1/2) * (325 - 260) * (1,750 + 600)
TS = $197,500c.
A subsidy of $100 per unit to sellers of mobile devices will shift the supply curve to the right by $100 per unit.
The new inverse supply curve will be:
P = 200 + 0.1(QS - 100)
P = 200 + 0.1Q^S - 10
P = 190 + 0.1Q^S
To find the new equilibrium price and quantity under the subsidy, we need to equate the new demand and supply equations:
500 − 0.1QD = 190 + 0.1Q^S1,750 − 0.1Q^S = 31Q^S = 2,000
the new equilibrium price and quantity are
P=300PE=300 and Q=2,000QE=2,000.
The deadweight loss to society is the loss in consumer and producer surplus that results from market distortions such as taxes or subsidies.
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Discuss the difference in the relationship between an employer and employee and a client and an independent contractor.
(b). Ms. J recently moved from Boston to Pittsburgh to take a job with OP Inc. She sold her home in Boston, and OP paid the $14,500 realtor's commission on the sale.
The relationship between an employer and an employee and that of a client and an independent contractor are different in various ways.
In the former case, the employer has a significant amount of control over the employee. In contrast, an independent contractor has more autonomy. The relationship is bound by an agreement between the parties.
It is essential to understand the legal relationship between an employer and an employee and that between a client and an independent contractor to protect your interests. Legal Relationship between an Employer and an Employee The relationship between an employer and an employee is typically governed by a contract. An employer and an employee may have a written or oral contract.
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term structure of interest rates consider an economy with a single consumer. there is one good in the economy, which arrives in the form of an exogenous endowment obeying
The term structure of interest rates refers to the relationship between interest rates and the time to maturity of debt instruments. In an economy with a single consumer and one good, the term structure of interest rates can be influenced by various factors.
One important factor that affects the term structure of interest rates is the expectations of future interest rates. If investors anticipate that interest rates will rise in the future, they may demand higher yields on longer-term debt instruments to compensate for the higher interest rates they expect to receive in the future.Conversely, if investors anticipate that interest rates will fall in the future, they may be willing to accept lower yields on longer-term debt instruments.
Another factor that can impact the term structure of interest rates is the liquidity preference of investors. Investors generally prefer more liquid assets, which can be easily bought or sold without significant price changes.Additionally, the term structure of interest rates can be influenced by the risk preferences of investors. Investors typically require a higher return for taking on higher levels of risk. Therefore, investors may demand a higher yield on longer-term debt instruments to compensate for the increased risk.
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which of the following is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in the audit-related fees category related to fees disclosed in the annual proxy statement? consultations on audit or accounting matters that arise during an audit or as a result of an audit preparation of a management letter attending meetings of the audit committee issuance of comfort letters
The audit-related fees category in the annual proxy statement includes various fees related to the audit process. However, one of the following options is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in this category:
- Consultations on audit or accounting matters that arise during an audit or as a result of an audit.
- Preparation of a management letter.
- Attending meetings of the audit committee.
- Issuance of comfort letters.
Out of these options, the preparation of a management letter is not considered an audit-related fee. A management letter is a communication between the auditor and management that addresses internal control deficiencies or areas for improvement. While it is related to the audit process, it is not a fee incurred for the audit itself.
On the other hand, consultations on audit or accounting matters, attending meetings of the audit committee, and issuance of comfort letters are all examples of audit-related fees. Consultations involve seeking professional advice on audit or accounting matters during or as a result of the audit process. Attending meetings of the audit committee allows the auditor to provide updates and discuss audit-related matters with the committee. Comfort letters are issued by auditors to provide assurance on certain financial information in connection with securities offerings.
In summary, the preparation of a management letter is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in the audit-related fees category in the annual proxy statement.
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Cash transactions including all transactions that have taken place in the period satisfies the existence or occurrence assertion relevant to cash.
True
False
2.Bank reconciliations are key control procedures relating to cash.
True
False
3. The board of directors of an organization approving all new debt will be the expectation of the auditor when it comes to internal controls over equity.
True
False
4.The auditor is required to date the audit report using the last date of fieldwork.
True
False
5. Inherent risks associated with long-lived assets includes management estimates.
True
False
Cash transactions, including all transactions that took place during the period, meet the cash existence or occurrence assertion's criteria.
1. The auditor will want to ensure that all cash transactions are legitimate and accurate by reviewing the audit trail for each transaction.
2. Bank reconciliations are critical control processes for verifying that all cash transactions have been recorded and that the balance in the bank account matches the balance in the general ledger. The bank reconciliation must be conducted by someone who is independent of the accounting process to ensure that all transactions have been accurately recorded.
3. Equity is not related to debt. The auditor will look at internal controls related to equity to ensure that any equity transactions have been authorized and recorded accurately. The board of directors would be the expectation for the auditor to approve new equity issuances, not debt.
4.The auditor is required to date the audit report using the date of the report's release. The auditor should be aware of the last date of fieldwork, but this date is not used to date the report.
5. Inherent risk is the risk associated with a financial statement assertion before considering the effectiveness of internal controls.
The answers are given below:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
Long-lived assets are susceptible to inherent risks, including management estimates of the useful life of the asset and the expected residual value.
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use the accompanying graph, which shows the marginal cost and average total cost curves for the shoe store zapateria, a perfectly competitive firm. a. how many pairs of shoes will zapateria produce if the market price of shoes is $70 a pair? b. what is the total profit zapateria will earn if the market price of shoes is $70 a pair? c. should zapateria expect more shoe stores to enter this market? why or why not? d. what is the long-run equilibrium price in the shoe market assuming it is a constant-cost industry?
a) The Zapateria will produce around 10 pairs of shoes. b) Zapateria will earn a total profit of $200 if the market price of shoes is $70 a pair. c. Zapateria should expect more shoe stores to enter this market if it is making a positive profit in the short run. d. The long-run equilibrium price in a constant-cost industry is determined by the intersection of the market demand and supply curves.
a. To determine the number of pairs of shoes Zapateria will produce when the market price is $70 a pair, we need to find the point where the marginal cost curve intersects the market price line. In the graph, this point occurs at a quantity of approximately 10 pairs of shoes. So, Zapateria will produce around 10 pairs of shoes.
b. To calculate the total profit Zapateria will earn when the market price is $70 a pair, we need to find the difference between the average total cost and the market price, and then multiply it by the quantity produced. At a price of $70 and a quantity of 10 pairs of shoes, the average total cost is approximately $50. Therefore, the total profit would be:
Total Profit = (Market Price - Average Total Cost) * Quantity
Total Profit = ($70 - $50) * 10
Total Profit = $20 * 10
Total Profit = $200
So, Zapateria will earn a total profit of $200 if the market price of shoes is $70 a pair.
c. Zapateria should expect more shoe stores to enter this market if it is making a positive profit in the short run. This is because positive profits indicate that the market price is higher than the average total cost, making it an attractive market for other firms. As new shoe stores enter the market, competition will increase, which will eventually lead to a decrease in profits.
d. The long-run equilibrium price in a constant-cost industry is determined by the intersection of the market demand and supply curves. In this case, the graph does not provide information about the market demand and supply curves.
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The present value equals the future value when ... Select one: a. none of the above b. Interest rate is lower than zero c. interest rate is higher than zero d. interest rate is zero
The present value equals the future value when the interest rate is zero. When there is no interest rate involved, the present value and the future value of an investment are the same. The correct option is c.
Present value (PV) is the value today of a cash flow or series of cash flows in the future. The future value (FV) is the value that a series of cash flows will have at a specified date in the future, given a specified interest rate. The present value (PV) and future value (FV) of an investment are related to each other by an interest rate, time period, and a compounding period.
To calculate present value, we discount the future cash flows using a discount rate, which is the interest rate that is used to calculate the present value of an investment. Future value, on the other hand, involves calculating how much an investment will be worth at a specified time in the future, given a specific interest rate. The relationship between the present value and the future value of an investment is inverse.
As the present value of an investment increases, the future value decreases, and vice versa. The interest rate plays a crucial role in determining the present value and future value of an investment. In conclusion, the present value equals the future value when the interest rate is zero. The correct option is c.
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Why are last-minute airplane tickets so expensive? Why are last-minute Broadway show tickets so cheap?
Last-minute airplane tickets are more expensive than regular ones due to the uncertainty involved in such purchases.
As the time of departure approaches, the airline becomes increasingly uncertain about the ability of the plane to fill up, and it begins to raise the price of the remaining seats to try and recoup its costs.
Broadway show tickets, on the other hand, tend to be cheaper at the last minute due to the competitive nature of the industry. If a show has not sold out, the producers may choose to reduce the price of remaining tickets in order to attract more customers and fill the seats.
Overall, while there are several factors that contribute to the price differences between last-minute airplane tickets and Broadway show tickets, the primary factor is the level of uncertainty involved in each purchase. Airlines must raise prices to offset this uncertainty, while Broadway producers can afford to lower prices to generate interest and sell more tickets.
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Palmer Bhd. markets tennis balls to various clients throughout Malaysia. The company is reviewing its purchasing policy. It expects to sell 750,000 tennis balls next year. A 3-Ball can have a selling price of RM29.75 and is purchased for RM8.25 per ball. The company places an order for 187,500 tennis balls at regular intervals throughout the year. Storage and other carrying cost are estimated at RM0.05 per ball. Ordering cost is RM235 per order. The company maintains a safety (buffer) stock which is sufficient to meet demand for 20 working days and the delivery time is 14 days based on a 365-day year. The demand for such balls per year is about 250,000 3-Ball cans. Required: a) Calculate the reordering level. b) Calculate the annual cost of the current ordering policy. ( 9 Marks) c) Calculate the annual cost of the economic order quantity model policy. d) What order size should the company place? (Total: 25 Marks)
a) Reordering level The reordering level is the level of inventory at which a company has to order a new batch of inventory to ensure that it does not run out of stock.
Reordering Level = Maximum usage rate x Maximum lead time= (250,000 / 365) x (14 + 20)= 2,945 balls
b) Annual cost of the current ordering policy
Total Annual Cost (TAC) = (Annual ordering cost) + (Annual carrying cost)= [(Number of orders per year) x (Ordering cost per order)] + [(Average inventory) x (Carrying cost per unit)]
Number of orders per year = Annual demand / Order quantity per order= 250,000 / 187,500= 1.33 orders
Ordering cost per order = RM235Average inventory = Order quantity per order / 2= 187,500 / 2= 93,750
Carrying cost per unit = RM0.05
Total Annual Cost (TAC) = (1.33 x 235) + (93,750 x 0.05)= RM 26,198.75
c) Annual cost of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model policy
EOQ = √ [(2 x Annual demand x Ordering cost per order) / Carrying cost per unit]= √ [(2 x 250,000 x 235) / 0.05]= √ 23,500,000= 4,848 units
Total Annual Cost (TAC) = (Annual demand / EOQ) x (Ordering cost per order) + (EOQ / 2) x (Carrying cost per unit)= (250,000 / 4,848) x 235 + (4,848 / 2) x 0.05= RM 9,755.11
d) Order size that the company should place The order size that the company should place is the EOQ which is 4,848 units as calculated above.
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15) is a really high rate of inflation. ( \( 50 \% \) monthly rate or higher)
Yes, 50% monthly rate or higher is a really high rate of inflation. Inflation can be defined as the increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy over a certain period of time.
When the rate of inflation is high, the cost of living increases, and people may find it difficult to purchase goods and services due to the increase in prices.
A monthly rate of 50% or higher is considered hyperinflation.
In hyperinflation, the prices of goods and services increase so rapidly that they become unaffordable to the common people.
Hyperinflation can lead to the devaluation of the currency, economic instability, and loss of confidence in the economy.
Hyperinflation can be caused by various factors such as excessive money printing by the government, supply shocks, wars, and natural disasters.
It is essential for the government to control inflation to maintain the stability of the economy.
This can be done through various measures such as increasing interest rates, reducing government spending, and implementing effective monetary policies.
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A nominal level of measurement implies order to the data. True False
False. A nominal level of measurement doesn't imply order to the data.
What is nominal level of measurement? Nominal level of measurement is a level of measurement used for categorizing data, where the categories are exclusive and exhaustive but do not have any inherent order. Nominal data is represented as labels, words, or text and is used for variables that have no meaningful order or ranking.
The nominal level of measurement is the lowest level of measurement. Other levels of measurement, such as ordinal, interval, and ratio levels, are higher in hierarchy than nominal.
At the nominal level of measurement, data can only be assigned to a group or category, which is expressed through frequency distribution and percentages.
An example of nominal data is the different departments within a company, including marketing, sales, and accounting. Even if you assign numbers to each department (e.g., 1 for marketing, 2 for sales, 3 for accounting), the numbers do not have any inherent order.
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What is a major advantage of the fact that the Bank of Canada is largely independent?A> Monetary policy is not subject to control by politicians.B> Monetary policy cannot be changed once it has been completed.C> Monetary policy will always be coordinated with fiscal policy.
One of the major advantages of the fact that the Bank of Canada is largely independent is that monetary policy is not subject to control by politicians.
One of the primary reasons for the independence of the Bank of Canada is to keep politicians from influencing monetary policy directly and unduly.Monetary policy can be more effective and predictable when it is independent and not subject to the whims of politicians.
For example, it can be more effective in dealing with inflationary pressures or recessionary shocks.
The Bank of Canada has been given significant autonomy to make decisions about monetary policy. As a result, it is largely independent of political influence and interference.
The main advantage of this is that monetary policy is not subject to control by politicians. This helps to ensure that monetary policy is carried out in a nonpartisan and professional manner. The central bank is free to use all of the available policy instruments to achieve its objectives, which are primarily related to maintaining price stability and promoting economic growth.
The Bank of Canada's independence also provides a measure of continuity and stability to the country's monetary policy. Monetary policy cannot be changed once it has been completed. Therefore, the Bank of Canada is able to carry out its policy without the need for political interference or influence.
Additionally, because monetary policy is not subject to political considerations, it can be more effective in dealing with inflationary pressures or recessionary shocks.
Finally, because the Bank of Canada is largely independent, monetary policy will always be coordinated with fiscal policy. This helps to ensure that the two policies work in tandem to achieve the country's economic objectives. Fiscal policy is managed by the government, while monetary policy is the responsibility of the central bank.
The two policies must be coordinated to ensure that they are not working at cross purposes.
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cost of machine purchased for use in factory for production $500,000 useful life 5 years expected salvage value(residual value) after useful life $50,000 expected usage of equipment for production during useful life 600,000 units actual production units in first year 70,000 units actual production in second year 80,000 units
The cost of the machine purchased for use in the factory for production is $500,000. Its useful life is 5 years, and it is expected to have a salvage value of $50,000 after the useful life.The expected usage of the equipment for production during its useful life is 600,000 units.
In the first year, the actual production units were 70,000 units, and in the second year, the actual production units were 80,000 units.First, we need to calculate the depreciable cost, which is the cost of the machine minus the expected salvage value. In this case, it would be $500,000 - $50,000 = $450,000. Next, we divide the depreciable cost by the useful life to find the annual depreciation expense. So, $450,000 / 5 = $90,000. Now, we can calculate the depreciation expense for each year:Year 1: $90,000. Year 2: $90,000
Since the actual production units in the first year were 70,000 units and in the second year were 80,000 units, we can calculate the depreciation expense per unit for each year by dividing the annual depreciation expense by the actual production units: Year 1: $90,000 / 70,000 = $1.29 per unit. Year 2: $90,000 / 80,000 = $1.13 per unit. So, the depreciation expense per unit for each year is $1.29 in Year 1 and $1.13 in Year 2.Other depreciation methods,such as units-of-production method, may result in different calculations.
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A company is evaluating a project with a useful life of 12 years that requires an investment of GH₵100million per year at the beginning of year 1, 2, 3 and 4 plus additional GH₵100million at the end of year 8. Annual benefits starting at the end of year 5 till the end of the project's life is estimated to be GH₵90million.
What is the net present value of the project for the interest rate of 5% per year?
The net present value of the project is GH₵11.04 million.
The net present value (NPV) of a project is the difference between the present value of the future cash inflows and the present value of the future cash outflows.
In this case, the future cash outflows are the initial investments of GH₵100 million per year at the beginning of year 1, 2, 3 and 4 plus additional GH₵100 million at the end of year 8. The future cash inflows are the annual benefits starting at the end of year 5 till the end of the project's life, which is estimated to be GH₵90 million per year.
The interest rate is 5% per year.
The present value of a future cash flow is calculated using the following formula:
Present Value = Future Cash Flow / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years
Therefore, the present value of the initial investments is:
Present Value = 100 * (1 + 0.05)^1 + 100 * (1 + 0.05)^2 + 100 * (1 + 0.05)^3 + 100 * (1 + 0.05)^4 + 100 * (1 + 0.05)^8
= 453.25
The present value of the annual benefits is:
Present Value = 90 * (1 + 0.05)^5 + 90 * (1 + 0.05)^6 + 90 * (1 + 0.05)^7 + 90 * (1 + 0.05)^8 + 90 * (1 + 0.05)^9 + 90 * (1 + 0.05)^10 + 90 * (1 + 0.05)^11
= 464.29
Therefore, the net present value of the project is:
Net Present Value = Present Value of Benefits - Present Value of Costs
= 464.29 - 453.25
= 11.04
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