Streptococcus pneumoniae is an encapsulated gram-positive bacterium the function of the capsule in these infections is to allow the bacterium to evade phagocytosis.
How does Streptococcus pneumoniae become pathogenic?
Millions of people around the world have died as a result of the infectious pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal diseases are those brought on by this bacterium. This pathogen initially colonizes its host's nasopharynx asymptomatically, but over time it has the potential to spread to healthy tissues and organs and cause infections.
How can bacterial caps help dangerous bacteria become more virulent?Because it increases bacteria's capacity to spread disease, the capsule is regarded as a virulence factor (e.g. prevents phagocytosis). The capsule can stop eukaryotic cells like macrophages from engulfing the cells. Phagocytosis can need the presence of a capsule-specific antibody.
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Was your prediction correct? How did you arrive at your predictions? What differences were there between your predictions and the simulator?
My prediction was correct for most of its part because I relied on inclusion of all the organisms in the ecosystem.
Because I based my prediction on including every organism in the ecosystem, it was mostly accurate.
The environment receives its energy from the producers. Top predators, herbivores, and omnivores would all perish if they were to perish. Because I based my prediction on including every organism in the ecosystem, it was mostly accurate.The Herbivore Both a Omnivore A had an excellent habitat there since the food supply was steady. Consequently, they multiplied. Plants A and B first started to decline, but eventually a balance was reached. I did a few straightforward actions that made it feasible for each organisms to live in this ecosystem. For instance, it was insured that Plant C, Omnivore A, and B would not be consumed in the simulator, ensuring their existence.
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would you expect any difference in the mutation rates of the control region sequence in the mt genome versus the chromosome 11 insertion?
Yes, you can expect a difference in the mutation rates of the mt genome's control region sequence versus the chromosome 11 insertion.
A mutation rate is an estimate of the likelihood of a mutation occurring per cell division, which corresponds to the likelihood of a mutation occurring during the lifetime of a bacterial cell. The proportion of mutant bacteria in a culture is simply referred to as the mutation frequency.
Tobacco smoke, UV light, and aristolochic acid have all been linked to increased mutation rates in cancer genomes. Variability in the activity of certain cellular processes also influences mutation rates across individuals.
Any of the following methods can be used to identify single base pair mutations: Direct sequencing entails identifying each individual base pair in sequence and comparing it to the normal gene's sequence.
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when sea otters were hunted nearly to extinction in california coastal communities, sea urchin populations increased, kelp beds decreased in size, and fish reproduced at far lower levels. what does this reflect?
When sea otters hunted nearly to extinction in California coastal communities, sea urchin populations increased, kelp beds decreased in size : this reflects that otters must have ordinarily eaten sea urchins.
What is a symbiotic relationship?Symbiosis is type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. It can be parasitic, mutualistic, and commensalistic.
Parasitism is where one species benefits and the other is harmed and commensalism is when one organism benefits and the other is left unharmed. Mutualism is when both the organisms benefit from that interaction.
When two animals have a symbiotic relationship, it clearly means that they rely on each other for survival. In nature, this codependence can be beneficial.
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when educating students about the differences between brown fat versus white fat, the instructor will share that brown fat has iron in its mitochondria that will facilitate:
The brown fat has iron in its mitochondria that will facilitate production of a protein that releases the energy generated from metabolism as heat.
Your body produces the hormone norepinephrine when it becomes cold. Norepinephrine receptors are present in brown fat. These receptors alert the many mitochondria to begin producing energy when they detect the hormone. You will feel warm as a result, which will aid in regulating your body temperature. It basically produces proteins that releases the energy generated from metabolism as heat.
Brown fat converts fat molecules and blood sugar (glucose) into heat and contributes to the regulation of body temperature. Brown fat is activated by cold temperatures, which causes a number of metabolic changes in the body. But the majority of our fat is white fat, which can store extra energy. In obesity, too much white fat accumulates.
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for this question, unless they are clearly affected with the disease (like individual ii-5), assume that the disease allele is rare in the population and that people marrying in do not carry the disease allele.
According to the status of the query, the condition is sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is one of the inherited illnesses referred to as sickle cell disease. The structure of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to every part of the body, is impacted.
Typically rounded and flexible, red blood cells may flow through blood veins with ease. Red blood cells with disease sickle or crescent shapes are characteristic of sickle cell anemia. Additionally, these sickle cells develop a hard and sticky coating that can hinder or delay blood flow. disease Sickle cells readily disintegrate and expire. About 120 days should pass before red blood cells need to be replaced. However, sickle cells, which ordinarily die in 10 to 20 days, lead to a deficiency of red blood cells (anemia).
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rank the following line-angle structures based on the number of carbon atoms present in the longest continuous carbon chain. rank from highest to lowest. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The rank of the line-angle structures is based on the number of carbon atoms present in the longest continuous carbon chain is given in the image attached.
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a compound made only of hydrogen and carbon. The majority of hydrocarbons are hydrophobic and colorless. Their mellow odors are frequently compared to gasoline or lighter fluid.
Carbon atoms can be seen at the ends and corners of lines in line-angle structures. Because it is attached to enough hydrogen atoms, it is assumed that each carbon atom has four bonds.
We can arrange the structures in the image by counting the number of carbon atoms in each compound's branched chain.
*Image attached*
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What type of cell is undergoing cytokinesis in the photo? How do you know?
Answer: Central cell
Explanation: I believe it is Central Cell, I learned this in AP Biology class.
It is Central Cell because it looks like the Cytokinesis which is the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two more cells. That is why I say this is a Central cell.
If you can please give me a Brainliest, I only need 3 more to become an Ace, thank you!
Plant cytokinesis is the term for the cytoplasmic division of a plant cell. Animal cytokinesis is the term used to describe the division of an animal cell's cytoplasm. The mother cell's centre develops into a cell plate, which divides the cells.
What type of cell is undergoing cytokinesis?Higher-plant cells undergo cytokinesis using a unique method in which the cytoplasm is divided by the erection of a fresh cell wall, known as the cell plate, inside the cell. A preprophase band of microtubules and actin filaments determines the location of the cell plate.
In biology, the process through which one cell physically divides into two cells is known as cytokinesis. The primary method of reproduction for unicellular organisms is cytokinesis, which takes place during the growth and repair of tissues in higher plants and animals as well as during the development of the embryo.
Therefore, It is called a central cell because it resembles the stage of cell division known as cytokinesis, in which a single eukaryotic cell divides into two additional cells. Since it is a central cell, I say as much.
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Crossing over plays a critical role in increasing the genetic variation among offspring of sexual reproduction. Crossing over is unique to meiosis. Its occurrence depends on specific events early in prophase I, and it has important consequences for the rest of meiosis and beyond.Consider the following statements about crossing over.Drag "True" or "False" to the end of each statement.Crossing over occurs at the ends of chromosomes, rather than near the centromeres.As a result of crossing over, sister chromatids are no longer identical to each other.For crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase I so that nonsister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of DNA.Crossing over prevents homologous chromosomes from separating during meiosis I.
Crossing over is essential for increasing genetic variety among sexually reproduced offspring.
Meiosis is the only process in which cells cross across. Its presence is dependent on particular processes early in prophase I, and it has significant implications for the remainder of meiosis and beyond.
Crossing over happens at the ends of chromosomes, not around the centromeres. True, since segments near the centromere are difficult to split and reattach.True, because there is genetic material interchange between non-sister chromatids, sister chromatids are no longer similar to each other as a result of crossing over.Crossing over occurs when homologous chromosomes exactly align early in Prophase I, allowing non-sister chromatids to swap matching lengths of DNA TrueFalse, since homologous chromosomes split during meiosis I.Learn more about to Crossing over plays visit here:
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A client who tells the nurse thatshe would like to use the basalbody temperature method forfamilyplanningreceivesinstructions about the method.Which of the following clientstatements indicates to the nursethat the teaching has beensuccessful?A. "When my temperature remainselevated for 7 days, ovulation hasoccurred."B. "Taking my temperature in theevening just after dinner or beforeI go to bed is best."C."Because this method is not veryeffective, I should use other formsof contraception too."D. "It's important to take mytemperature at about the sametimeeverymorningbeforearising."
Large biomolecular and macromolecular objects known as proteins are composed of one or more extended chains of amino acid residues. As a result, the right answer is 14 g.
The conventional suggestion for bodybuilders is one gram of protein per pound of bodyweight to assist muscle building, however the research behind this advise differs based on age, exercise level, and overall body composition objectives.
What is the daily protein recommendation in grams per kilogram for a 14-18 year old?
Protein consumption of 0.9 g/kg/day for boys aged 3 to 18 years old and 0.9 g/kg/day for girls aged 3 to 15 years old is recommended by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) (24). Females aged 15 to 18 had a somewhat lower quantity of 0.8 g/kg/day.
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Full Question :How much additional protein is needed per day to support the growth of one pound of muscle?
14 g
40 g
58 g
65 g
Which of the following statements is true about the phases of mitosis? Select all that apply
Which of the following statements is true about the phases of mitosis?
Chromosomes form 2 separate nuclei in telophase.
Chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell during anaphase.
Chromosomes move apart during metaphase.
Chromosomes thicken in prophase.
Answer: A and D
Explanation:
Answer:
I believe
Chromosomes form 2 separate nuclei in telophase.
Chromosomes thicken in prophase.
Explanation:
A student formulated a hypothesis that water-soluble pollutant damage living organisms by increasing the permeability of cellular membranes. To test the hypothesis, the student investigated the effect of isopropanol and acetone on beet root cells. The vacuoles of beet root cells contain large amounts of betacyanin, a water-soluble pigment that is released into the extracellular environment as a result of increased membrane permeability. The student prepared identical samples of beet root tissue and incubated each sample for 15 minutes in the specific solution for that group. At the end of the incubation period, the student measured the absorbance of 460 nm light for each sample. greater concentration of betacyanin in the solution surrounding the beet root cells results in a greater absorbance of 460 nm light. The results of the experiment are shown in the table Which of the following is the dependent variable in the experiment? (1 Point) EFFECT OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLLUTANTS ON MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY Mean Absorbance of 460 nm Light (n = 5) 0.164 0.125 0.215 0.274 0.095 2xStandard Error of the Mean (2xSEM) 0.032 0.100 0.034 Treatment Group Treatment Solution 70% isopropanol: 30% water 90% isopropanol: 10% water 50% acetone: 50% water 70% acetone: 30% water 100% water IV 0.004 Concentrations are reported as percent by volume O The percent by volumn of isopropanol in the treatment solutions O The percent by volume of water in the treatement solutions The length of time each sample was incubated in the treatment solutions The absorbance of 460 nm light by the treatment solutions
The absorbance of 460nm light by the treatment solutions was the test performed by the student.
Cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers which are mostly displayed by the 'fluid mosaic model' which consists of proteins, carbohydrate polymers and glycoproteins making them able to move around quite freely amongst the phospholipids.
A normal membrane permeability test involves investigating the effects of a named variable on the membrane permeability of any vegetable such as beetroot whose biological name is Beta Vulgaris. The variables to investigate are the influence of solvents and temperature because these factors can change the fluidity of the membrane. Beetroot is an important item for this test because of the distinctive betalains pigment that its stem tuber contains.
These pigments form an important signal indicating membrane fluidity as they are usually contained in the vacuole of intact beetroot cells. An instant or constant increase in membrane fluidity will cause the pigment to spill out of the cell, and the amount of pigment can be measured simply by using a colorimeter.
The above description is performed under the test of The absorbance of 460nm light by the treatment solutions.
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In most mammal species, a male is _____ to provide parental care
because his confidence of paternity is _____.
a. likely; high
b. unlikely; high
c. likely; low
d. unlikely; low
what explains why small scale ecological systems are less complex than large-scale? nutrients space
They usually contain more interacting parts, but also because those parts interact over a greater range of spatial and temporal scales.
What ecological level of organization is the least complicated?A single organelle, which is made up of aggregates of macromolecules, is the simplest unit of organization for living beings. The biosphere, which includes all other levels, is the greatest level of organization for living things.
What do evolutionary changes on a local and large scale mean?This concept includes both macroevolution (the descent of various species from a common ancestor through many generations) and small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency, or more accurately and technically, allele frequency, in a population from one generation to the next).
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a population of insects increases at a rate 180 6t 0.6t2 insects per day (t in days). find the insects population after 4 days assuming that there are 70 insects at t
The insects population after four days is 1002.
The speed at which a variable changes over a predetermined amount of time is known as the rate of change.
Your function is changing at the same rate as the change. If your function is a function of position, then the velocity, which denotes how quickly your location is changing, will be the rate of change.
By dividing the difference between two points by the difference between the independent variable, you may calculate the average rate of change without using mathematics. You can use the derivative in calculus to get the current rate of change at any given moment.
Given,
rate = 180 + 6t+0.6t
dp/dt =180+6t+0.6t²
=(300 +61 +0.6t^2)dt
=p(3)-p(0)=180+3t^2+0.6*t^3/3
p(3)-70=180*3+3*3^2 +0.2×*^3
p(3)=1002.4
p(3)=1002
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which statement is most consistent with the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis originally proposed by beadle and tatum? every gene encodes a separate enzyme. each gene makes one enzyme but not one protein. every enzyme makes one gene. genes and enzymes are important. a gene can only make one enzyme in a cell cycle.
The correct option is C : Every gene encodes a separate enzyme. One enzyme, one gene The theory holds that each gene encodes a single enzyme.
We now know that this concept is typically (but not entirely) right. Sir Archibald Garrod, a British medical practitioner, was the first to propose that genes and enzymes were linked.
According to Beadle and Tatum, each gene drives the synthesis of one (and only one) enzyme. Beadle and Tatum shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with J. Lederberg.
They identified a set of mutations known to disrupt the production of arginine, an amino acid required for mould development. Individual mutations, according to their idea, hindered specific steps in the process utilized by the mould to manufacture arginine from precursors in its surrounding media.
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Full Question :
Which statement is most consistent with the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis originally proposed by Beadle and Tatum?
A Every enzyme makes one gene.
B Genes and enzymes are important.
C Every gene encodes a separate enzyme.
D A gene can only make one enzyme in a cell cycle.
E Each gene makes one enzyme but not one protein.
what is the role of the ventral respiratory group (vrg) in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata?
Answer: They maintain the basic ventilatory rhythm
Explanation:
rhizomes that end in enlarged structures that are specialized for storage are called a) tubers. b) runners. c) bulbs. d) taproots.
The rhizomes that end in enlarged structures that are for storage are called as tubers as in the stems.
Rhizomes, tubers, bulbs and corms are really underground stems, now no longer roots. These underground stems are garage packing containers for the plant. Rhizomes are stems that develop horizontally, however rhizomes develop underground and usually have a thickened stem this is used for garage.
Stem tuber is a thickened a part of a rhizome or stolon that has been enlarged to be used as a garage organ. In general, a tuber is excessive in starch, e.g. the potato, that's a changed stolon. The term "tuber" is regularly used imprecisely and is once in a while implemented to flora with rhizomes.
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what is the name of the fine, epithelium-lined bones that warm and moisten incoming air in the nasal passages of sea lions (and other marine mammals)?
Nasal turbinates is the name of the fine, epithelium-lined bones that warm and moisten incoming air to breathe in the nasal passages of sea lions (and other marine mammals).
Nasal Turbinate's are small structures inside the nose that cleanse and humidify air that passes through the nostrils into the lungs. The turbinates are thin, bony plates inside your nose. Allergies or a lengthy cold can irritate them and cause them to swell, or enlarge. The swelling makes it hard for you to breathe. Another cause of the swelling is overuse of decongestant nasal sprays.
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the concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about a third that of seawater – about 0.3 m. if red blood cells are immersed in pure water, they swell. calculate the osmotic pressure at 25 °c of red blood cells across the cell membrane from pure water. (include units with your answer, in atm)
The osmotic pressure at 25 °c of red blood cells across the cell membrane from pure water is 7.34atm
Given: Concentration of Red blood cell C=0.30M, R=0.0821, T=298k
Osmotic pressure =CRT
Osmotic pressure=0.3 × 0.0821 × 298
Osmotic pressure =7.33979 ≃ 7.34atm
What is osmotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure that must be applied to the solution side to stop fluid movement when a semipermeable membrane separates a solution from pure water.
What would happen if red blood cells were placed in seawater?
Seawater is hypertonic to the cytoplasm in vertebrate cells and in plant cells. If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, the red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would shrink.
What is the solute concentration of red blood cells?
Red blood cells have a solute concentration of around 0.9%.
Thus, the osmotic pressure of red blood cells is 7.34atm
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If a mouse with two copies of the Clock mutation is placed in a lab where the lights come on each day at 7:00 AM and go off each day at 7:00 PM, the activity rhythm of this mouse will display
a 24-hour rhythm.
When a mouse with two copies of the Clock mutation is placed in a lab where the lights come on each day at 7:00 AM and go off each day at 7:00 PM, the activity rhythm of this mouse will display in 24 hours.
Zip, a brand-new hamster mutant, has an 8-hour daily rhythm when there are no light cues. An adult hamster with the tau mutation (with its own SCN lesioned) would have an 8-hour period for its rhythm if the embryonic SCN from a healthy animal were transplanted into its brain.
In animals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as the main circadian pacemaker. In scattered cultures, individual SCN neurons can produce their own circadian rhythms of clock gene expression and neuronal firing. However, enough membrane depolarization, intracellular calcium, and cAMP concentrations are required for SCN rhythmicity.
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due to rna processing, a primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is the functional (or mature) mrna, while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is the functional mrna. the same size as; smaller than larger than; the same size as larger than; smaller than the same size as; larger than
The correct option is B ; Larger than; the same size as. A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is Larger than the functional mRNA, while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is the same size the functional mRNA.
Because of the existence of introns in the main transcript, it is significantly longer than mature mRNA.
In contrast to eukaryotic cells, where pre M. RNA must be spliced to eliminate all introns, RNA transcripts are functional as soon as they are generated.
Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus, whereas Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm. Transcriptional factors are proteins that are required in Eukaryotic Transcription but not in Prokaryotic Transcription.
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Full Question :
A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA, while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA.
a) the same size as; the same size as
b) larger than; the same size as
c) larger than; smaller than
d) the same size as; larger than
which structures associated with locomotion in protists can be described as short, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell?
Answer:flagellum, plural flagella, hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms. Flagella, characteristic of the protozoan group Mastigophora, also occur on the gametes of algae, fungi, mosses, slime molds, and animals
Explanation:
when a cell is hypoxic (deprived of oxygen), what prevents atp synthase from operating in reverse, hydrolyzing atp made by glycolysis?
when a cell is hypoxic, the protein inhibitor IF1 prevents atp synthase from operating in reverse, hydrolyzing atp made by glycolysis.
hypoxic is a condition where there is insufficient oxygen at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis. This can be brought on by insufficient oxygen delivery to the tissues because of insufficient blood flow or insufficient oxygen levels in the blood. Lung injury from trauma can also result in hypoxia. Other factors that can result in hypoxic include lung conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The method by which glucose is metabolised to produce energy is known as glycolysis. It generates water, ATP, NADH, and two pyruvate molecules. It doesn't need oxygen to happen because it happens in a cell's cytoplasm. In both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, it occurs. The metabolic process known as glycolysis is what turns glucose into pyruvate.
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Name two processes that add greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere.
Answer:Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane Emissions
Explanation:Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (or "sequestered") when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices, land use and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
Explanation:
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Transportation. The combustion of fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel to transport people and goods was the largest source of CO2 emissions in 2020, accounting for about 33% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 26% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. ...
Electricity.
Industry.
Suppose a female fruit fly carries a mutation in her nanos gene that prevents expression of the nanos protein in any eggs she produces. Which effect is likely to be observed?.
Her eggs create fruit fly embryos with two heads, one of which is on a gene that blocks the expression of the nanos protein in any subsequent eggs she produces.
Which circumstances would cause developing ducks to lose their webbing?Webbing is lost as a result of apoptosis. Duck embryos that have been experimentally implanted with mutant BMP4 have non-webbed feet. Both the growth of a single organism and the evolution of species distinctions are governed by the actions of genes under the direction of genetic switches.
Which role do gap genes play in Drosophila?In Drosophila melanogaster and other insects, the gap gene system regulates the initial steps of the segmentation pathway. This system plays a crucial part in embryo patterning due to its tractability and has been the area of interest for both experimentalists and computational modelers.
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which disease is caused by calcified scar tissue that develops between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium?
The calcified scar tissue that forms between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium is the root cause of fibrous pericarditis.
The heart is held in place and shielded from external infections by the fibrous pericardium, which is the outer layer. It is made up of dense connective tissue. The parietal and visceral layers make up the serous pericardium's two layers. The visceral pericardium reduces friction, and the parietal pericardium adds extra protection. This activity discusses the pathophysiology, presentation, and causes of fibrinous pericarditis and emphasises the need of the interprofessional team in managing the condition. The heart is held in place and shielded from external infections by the fibrous pericardium, which is the outer layer.
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Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? a. transcription and translation occur simultaneously b. post-transcriptional splicing c. translation in the absence of a ribosome d. gene splicingTerma. transcription and translation occur simultaneously
Answer:
B
Bcuz i said so
ocean producers such as phytoplankton are an important part of food webs, but they need a specific temperature to survive. how might increased water temperatures affect these ocean food webs?
The low temperature of the ocean would allow for the phytoplanktons to bloom or reproduce. Therefore, high temperatures would slow down growth.
The process of photosynthesis is used by phytoplankton and other microscopic marine plants to generate energy for them. Two things are required for this process to occur: carbon dioxide and sunlight. Although some of the carbon dioxide that has been eaten is wasted, it is not entirely wasted. The oxygen itself is the trash. Once released, the oxygen returns to the atmosphere. Since oxygen is essential for the survival of all life on Earth, especially mammals, it is imperative that the environment of phytoplankton and microscopic marine plants, which are the ones that release the most oxygen into the atmosphere, is preserved.
Modifications would have an impact on a phytoplankton community by boosting the phytoplankton population. The ocean's cool temperature would enable phytoplanktons to flourish or proliferate. Therefore, growth would be slowed by high temperatures. This is due to the fact that warm water would mix less with the water that is nutrient-rich layers.
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Fungi a. typically reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are poOr: b. typically reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are good. c. always reproduce sexually: d. always reproduce asexually
Fungi typically reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are poor. Sexual reproduction is frequently observed in fungus in response to poor environmental circumstances.
There are two sorts of mating. When two forms of mating are present in the same mycelium, it is referred to be homothallic, or self-fertile. To reproduce sexually, heterothallic mycelia require two distinct yet compatible mycelia.
However, historical accumulations of fungal spores are an important component of palynological records that are otherwise dominated by spores produced by seedless plants and pollen from seed plants.
Changes in the proportions of different types of fungal spores can reveal important details about the biological communities and climatic conditions that supported these fungi.
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How can large quantities of protein be produced from a bacterial colony containing the gene of interest?.
The correct option (b) Put a cDNA encoding the protein into a plasmid with a bacterial promoter sequence. Once a cDNA is put into a plasmid with a bacterial promoter, the bacteria will transcribe and translate the gene.
A molecular biology procedure called DNA cloning creates several identical clones of a DNA fragment, such as a gene.A target gene is often put onto a plasmid, a circular piece of DNA, in a cloning process.Bacterium harboring the plasmid are chosen using antibiotics after the plasmid is introduced into the bacteria through a procedure known as transformation.The right plasmid-carrying bacteria are then employed to produce more plasmid DNA or, in certain situations, are driven to express the gene and produce protein.Learn more about DNA to visit this link
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Full Question: How can large quantities of a protein be produced from a bacterial colony containing the gene of interest?
A) Construct a probe that matches part of the gene's sequence
B) Put a cDNA encoding the protein into a plasmid with a bacterial promoter sequence
C) Insert the plasmid containing the cDNA into bacteria
D) Use reverse transcriptase to make cDNAs.