NaHCO3 + HCI → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
NaHCO3: 82.99 g/mol
You previously determined that a
particular sealed container holds
0.261 mol CO2 gas. What mass of
NaHCO3 is needed to generate the CO2?
Hint: Use stoichiometry

The calculated mass shows that the given mass is oxygen.

calculation:-

P=m/v by  arranging  the  equation  we  get

R =0.082atm/mol/k

Mm=pRT/P = [(1.10  x10^-6 x1000g/l) xo.082  

atm/mol/k x(80+273] /(1.00  x10^-3) = 31.84  to the nearest ten is 32.

The ideal gas density depends on the molecular weight temperature and pressure of the system. Density is an important parameter in heat and mass transfer calculations. It is also used to derive many important dimensionless numbers such as the Reynolds number and the Peclet number.

Real gases approach ideal gas behavior at relatively low densities low pressures, and high temperatures. At high temperatures, the gas molecules have enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces, but at low temperatures, the gas has less kinetic energy, so the intermolecular forces are more pronounced.

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Moler Heat of solution is 32.7 kJ/mol

The molar heat of a solution(ΔH) is calculated by the formula

               ΔH=q/n

Where, n-Number of moles

q- Energy of the system

q is calculated by the formula

              q=m×c×ΔT

Where ΔT=(T_f-T_i)

T_f=40.3°C, T_i=17°C

ΔT=(40.3-17)°C=23.3°C

c=4.18 J/g°C

The mass of water is

m=40 ml×(1 g/1 ml)=40 g

Substitute all values in the formula

q=40g×(4.18 J/g°C)×23.3°C

q=3895.76 J

The molar mass of LiCl is 42g/mol.  

The moles of LiCl  =5g×(1 mol/42 g)=0.11905 mol

Hence, the molar heat of a solution is

ΔH=3895.76 J/0.11905 mol =32723.7295 J/mol

Convert the value in kJ

ΔH=32723.7295 J/mol×(1 kJ/1000 J)=32.7 kJ/mol

Therefore, the molar heat of a solution is 32.7 kJ/mol.

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The following hybridization states are applicable for the various abbreviations displayed:

The number of electron pairs surrounding the core atom in a molecule affects its hybridization state.

The idea of hybridization is an approximation that describes the bonding in some chemical species by mixing atomic orbitals of various energies to generate orbitals of suitable energies that can be employed in chemical combinations.

The number of electron pairs that surround the center atom determines its hybridization state in a molecule.

2 electron pairs result in sp hybridization.

Sp2 hybridization is caused by three electron pairs.

Sp3 hybridization is caused by 4 electron pairs.

Sp3d hybridization is caused by 5 electron pairs.

Sp3d2 hybridization is caused by 6 electron pairs.

Remember that the molecule's core atom is surrounded by both bond pairs (Y) and lone pairs (Z) of electrons.

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A substance q had a vapor pressure of 345 mmHg at 22.0 °C. the temperature at a vapor pressure of 275 mmHg. the heat of vaporization of q is 36.0 kJ/mol is 19.6 °C.

The Clausius Clapeyron equation is given as :

ln ( P2 / P1 ) = - ΔH /R ( 1 / T2 - 1 / T1)

ln ( 275 / 345 ) = - 36 / 8.314 (1 / T2 - 1 / 295)

- 0.235 = - 4.33  ( 295 - T2 / 295 T2 )

15.98 T2 = 295 - T2

14.98 T2 = 295

T2 = 19.6 °C

The temperature at vapor pressure 275 mmHg is 19.6 °C.

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Answer:

Vaporisation and Sublimation

Explanation:

Vaporisation is conversion of liquid to gas. Atoms in the liquid overcome forces of attraction to turn into gas.

Sublimation is direct conversion of solid to gas. Atoms in the solid directly convert into gas by overcoming forces of attraction.  E.g - Dry Ice

Sorting indicates the degree to which all clastic sediments in a deposit are the same swize or mass is described by the of the sediment

Sorting involves putting information in a meaningful order so you may evaluate it more efficiently. Water will sink objects that are heavier than it. like an iron nail, etc. Sorting is the process of putting things with comparable characteristics in groups. According to how similar or different their qualities are, the materials can be categorized.

Seawater or lake water is used in mineral deposits. … It is recognized as a chemical sediment due to the fact that the mineral components are carried in solution before precipitating to form a sediment as a result of a chemical reaction.

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The ph of 1.00 l of a buffer that is 1.00 m in acetic acid and 1.00 m in sodium acetate after the addition of 0.900 mole of naoh is 5.28.

initial moles of sodium acetate = acetic acid = 1 m * 1 L = 1 moles

[ acetate ] after adding NaOH = 1 mol+ 0.55 mol = 1.55 M

[acetic acid] after adding NaOH = 1 mol - 0.55 mol = 0.45 M

According to Handerson-Hasselblach equation:

PH = Pka + ㏒ [ acetate]/[acetic acid]

when Pka = 4.74

so, by substitution:

∴PH = 4.74 + ㏒[1.55/0.45]

∴ PH = 5.28

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A 25.0 ml sample of 0.105 m HCl was titrated with 31.5 ml of NaOH. the concentration of the NaOH is 0.0833 M.

given that :

molarity of HCl, M1 = 0.105 M

volume of HCl V1 = 25 mL

Molarity of NaOH M2 = ?

volume of NaOHV2  = 31.5 mL

by using the titration equation we get :

molarity of HCl × volume of HCl = molarity of NaOH × volume of NaOH

M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = (M1 V1 ) / V2

M2 = ( 0.105 × 25 ) / 31.5

M2 = 0.0833 M

The concentration of NaOH = 0.0833 M.

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Transesterification is a three-step process where a triglyceride is converted into diglycerides, followed by monoglycerides, in a sequential order.

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Suppose 9.07 g of copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in 100. mL of a 0.70 M aqueous solution of sodium chromate the final molarity of copper(II) cation in the solution will be 0.48 M

The balanced equation is given as :

Cu(NO3)2 + Na2CrO4 = CuCrO4 + 2NaNO3

Number of mol of copper nitrate = mass /molar mass

                                                        = 9.07 g/187.5 g/mol

                                                        = 0.048 mol

mol sodium chromate = molarity x volume (L)

                                      = 0.70 M x 0.100 L

mol sodium chromate = 0.07 mol

so copper nitrate is limiting

So number of mol of copper (II) cation will be 0.048 mol

molarity = mol/volume (L)

              = 0.048 mol / 0.100 L

               = 0.48 M

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They are equations that represent chemical reactions using chemical formulae and symbols. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left, and the products are shown on the right.

Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions using symbols and substance formulae. A and B are referred to in this equation as the reactants, and C and D are referred to as the products. The chemical reaction's direction is indicated by the arrow.

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An acid is more acidic than its conjugate base if its pKa value is less than or equal to seven prepared a buffer solution .

A weak acid and its conjugate base are present in high amounts in buffer solutions (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). Buffers are extremely resistant to fluctuations in pH because these ingredients may neutralize extra H+ or OH.

In buffers, basic species are present to neutralize H + ions and acidic species to do the opposite. These two species must, nevertheless, be able to coexist in a solution without fully negating one another.

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The correct statement about an exothermic reaction carried out in a coffee-cup calorimeter is that the enthalpy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Exothermic reaction is a term that means the heat will be released during the reaction, making the environment warmer. In a coffee-cup calorimeter, the heat increases the temperature of coffee contents, which includes water.

In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy of the product will be lower than that of reactants (B is correct).

During the reaction, heat is released so the water temperature will increase (C and E are incorrect).

Since the enthalpy of the product is lower, the enthalpy change will be negative (D is incorrect).

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The molarity of the diprotic acid that requires 18.73 mL KOH is 1.405 M.

The chemical reaction between a diprotic acid and KOH is

H₂A + 2 KOH → K₂A + 2 H₂O

In stoichiometry, we learn the chemical reaction and the laws that work in it. According to Avogadro's law, the coefficient of a substance in a chemical reaction expresses the ratio of the number of moles of each substance.

[tex]M \:=\: \frac{n}{V}[/tex]

n = MV

KOH

The number of moles for a diprotic acid

n KOH : n H₂A = 2 : 1
n H₂A = n KOH ÷ 2
n H₂A = 5.619 ÷ 2
n H₂A = 2.8095 mmol

The molarity of a diprotic acid

[tex]M \:=\: \frac{n}{V}[/tex]
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{2.8095}{25.00}[/tex]
M = 1.405 M

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In this equation there's a little mistake, Co never suggests -three kingdoms, therefore, it ought to be + three.

Redox is a kind of chemical response in which the oxidation states of substrate trade. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or a boom inside the oxidation kingdom, whilst discount is the benefit of electrons or a lower in the oxidation nation.

An oxidation-discount redox response is a form of chemical reaction that involves a switch of electrons between species. An oxidation-reduction response is any chemical reaction wherein the oxidation range of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by means of gaining or losing an electron.

The five principal sorts of redox reactions are aggregate, decomposition, displacement, combustion, and disproportionation.

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The true statement is b- Lewis bases are electron pair donors. Lewis bases are referred to as species that have extra electrons and have the tendency to give electrons to Lewis acids that have empty orbitals.

What is Lewis base?

Any substance that has the ability to give a pair of nonbonding electrons, such as the OH- ion, is considered a Lewis base. Therefore, a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor.

The correct answer is option B.

Lewis bases provide extra electrons to species with empty orbitals since they have filled orbitals compared to their own. Lewis bases are therefore electron donors, providing option (B) the proper choice.

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35 g al(s) reacts with excess hcl(aq) according to the chemical equation shown above. what is the volume (in l) of h2 gas produced at a temperature of 345 k and a pressure of 1.12 atm?

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

3 moles of H2 produced from 2 moles of Al

3*2g of H2 produced from 2*27g of Al

75g of H2 produced from  = 2*27*75/(3*2)   = 675g of Al >>>>answer

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl

2*27g of Al react with 6 moles of HCl

4.25g of Al react with = 6mole*4.25g/(2*27g)   = 0.472 moles of HCl

no of moles of HCl  = molarity * volume in L

0.472                   = 5*volume in L

volume in L   = 0.472/5   = 0.0944 L  = 94.4ml >>>>answer

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

2 moles of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2

2*27g of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2

35g of Al react with excess of HCl = 3*35/(2*27)  = 1.94 moles of H2

n  = 1.94moles

T  = 345K

P = 1.12atm

PV  = nRT

V   = nRT/P

   = 1.94*0.0821*345/(1.12)   = 49.1 L of H2 >>>>answer

part-D

no of moles of Al  = W/G.M.Wt

                          = 125/27   = 4.63moles

no of moles of HCl  = molarity *volume in L

                             = 3.2*2.5   = 8moles

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl

4.63 moles of Al react with = 6*4.63/2   = 13.89 moles of HCl is required

HCl is limiting reactant

6 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives 3 moles of H2

8 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives = 3*8/6  = 4 moles of H2

theoretical yield of H2  = no of moles * gram mola rmass

                                   = 4*2  = 8g

A chemical is any substance that has a described composition. In other phrases, a chemical is continually made up of the identical "stuff." a few chemical compounds occur in nature, such as water.

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The mass of the reacted sulfuric acid in solution is 3.01 g.

The reaction that we have here involves the combination of an acid and a base and result of such a reaction is that we would have salt and water as the products.

From the equation of the reaction;

2 NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) ----> Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l)

We can see that the mole ratio of the reaction is 2:1

Number of moles of sodium hydroxide = concentration * volume in liters

If the concentration of the NaOH solution is 1.0 M

Moles of NaOH reacted = 1.0 * 61.37 mL * 1 L / 1000 mL

= 0.06137 moles

Moles of  H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0614 / 2

= 0.0307 moles

Mass of  H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 * 98.09

= 3.01 g

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The coefficient of  in the balanced equation is 8 and coefficient of fe3+  is 5.

What is balance reaction?

balance reaction is a equation where the numbers of atom of each type in the reaction is the same on both reactance and product sides.

To balance a redox reaction in the acidic medium, the number of atoms of all the elements involved in the reaction must be equal for substrates and product.

The reaction given as-

Fe2+MnO4+------>Fe3+ +Mn3+

The change in the oxidation number of the elements on reaction is seen.

Fe changes its oxidation state from +2  +3, change is +1

The oxidation state of Mn changes from +7  +2, change is -5

There is required 5 atoms of Fe for 1 atom of Mn.

With this, the equation can be written as:

The reaction is further balanced with H and O, with formation of .

The coefficient in front of  is 8 and that of  is 5.

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Fischer esterification is a reaction that converts carboxylic acid in presence of alcohol and strong acid catalyst to give ester as final product. Thus, NaHCO³ is one of the strong acid catalyst used in this reaction.

What is role of NaHCO³ in Fischer reaction?

Fischer reaction is a reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol. When this reaction occurs, the product may contain some unreacted amount of carboxylic acid or acidic catalyst. Hence it is necessary to remove this and thus, this is accomplished by NaHCO³.

The reaction given below shows that how NaHCO3  dissociates and the bicarbonate anion reacts with unreacted proton to give unstable carbonic acid which dissociate to give water and carbon dioxide.

NaHCO3 = Na + + HCO3-

H+ + HCO3 - = H2O + CO2

Sodium bicarbonate also reacts with unreacted carboxylic acid whose reaction is shown below:

RCOOH +NaHCO3 = RCOO- Na+ + CO2+ H2O

RCOONa easily gets dissolve to polar solvent water and get separated.

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A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a Linear shape with a bond angle of  180 degrees.

The geometry surrounding a central atom that is joined to two additional atoms (or ligands) at a bond angle of 180° is known as the linear molecular geometry in chemistry. When describing linear organic compounds with carbon centers, such as acetylene (HCCH), sp orbital hybridization is frequently used.

Linear geometry occurs at central atoms with two linked atoms and zero to three lone pairs (AX2 or AX2E3) in the AXE nomenclature, according to the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) hypothesis. Beryllium fluoride (FBeF) has two single bonds, carbon dioxide (O=C=O) has two double bonds, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has one single bond and one triple bond, all of which are neutral AX2 molecules.

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The formula unit when barium perchlorate reacts with sodium sulfate to produce sodium perchlorate and barium sulfate would be: [tex]Ba(ClO_4)_2 (aq) + Na_2SO_4 (aq) -- > 2NaClO_4 (aq) + BaSO_4 (s)[/tex]

The reaction between barium perchlorate and sodium sulfate to produce sodium perchlorate and barium sulfate is a double decomposition reaction whose chemical equation can be derived as follows:

Formula for sodium sulfate = [tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex]

Formula for barium perchlorate = [tex]Ba(ClO_4)_2[/tex]

Formula for sodium perchlorate = [tex]NaClO_4[/tex]

Formula for barium sulfate = [tex]BaSO_4[/tex]

Since barium sulfate is insoluble, the chemical equation for the reaction would be:

[tex]Ba(ClO_4)_2 (aq) + Na_2SO_4 (aq) -- > 2NaClO_4 (aq) + BaSO_4 (s)[/tex]

In other words, a double decomposition reaction can also be a precipitation reaction in which two aqueous salts exchange radicals to produce one aqueous and one insoluble salt.

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Answer:

A. Gmir ZuXAXB + RT (XA lnXA + XB ln Xp) Where W = WAB (WAA + WBB) and Z = the coordination number of each atom in the crystal.

Explanation:

Free enthalpy is another name for Gibbs's free energy. The energy associated with a chemical reaction needed to carry out work is known as Gibbs-free energy.

The formula: can be used to compute Gibbs free energy.

ΔG=ΔH-TΔS.

The difference between the reaction's enthalpy and its product of changing temperature and entropy yields the Gibbs free energy.

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The statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation.

Alchemy is considered a pseudoscience. The statement that "all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water" is not consistent with our modern scientific understanding of matter. Alchemy was an ancient practice that attempted to transform base metals into noble metals (such as gold) and find a way to achieve eternal life, among other goals. While alchemy did contribute to the development of early chemistry and the discovery of some chemical processes, its beliefs and methodologies were often based on mystical and philosophical concepts rather than empirical scientific evidence.

In contrast, modern science understands that matter is composed of atoms and elements. The periodic table categorizes all known elements, and we have a comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and chemical reactions, which is not consistent with the alchemical view of matter being composed of air, fire, earth, and water.

Therefore, the statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation. Alchemy is considered pseudoscience because its claims and theories were based on mystical and speculative beliefs rather than the systematic empirical observations and rigorous scientific methodology that characterize genuine scientific endeavors.

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Answer:

1.93 molar, or M

Explanation:

By definition, molarity is defined as moles/liter.  A 0.5 molar (or M) solution will have 0.5 moles of solute per 1.0 liter.  To answer this question, first calculate how many moles of NaOH there are in 11.6 grams of the compound.  We'll need the miolar mass of NaOH, which is 40 grams/mole.  This is found by adding the atomic masses of each atom in the compound:

Na:     23

O:      16

H:         1

Total: 40 g/mole

The moles of NaOH is found by dividing the mass by the molar mass:

        (11.6 grams NaOH)/(40 g/mole NaOH) = 0.29 moles NaOH

0.29 moles NaOH is contained in 15cm^3 of solution.  Convert 15cm^3 into liters (L):

 (15 cm^3)*(1 ml/cm^3)*(1 liter/1000 ml) = 0.015 liters

cm^3 and ml both cancel with these conversion factors, leaving only liters, L.

The solution consists of 0.29 moles of NaOH in 0.15L.  It's concentration is therefore:

  (0.29 moles)/(0.015L) = 1.93 molar, or M

52.18mL of KOH should be added to 100 mL of solution containing 10.0 g of histidine hydrochloride to get a pH of 9.30.

What is pH?

pH is a measurement of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions in terms of digits. The phrase, which is frequently used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy, converts hydrogen ion concentrations, which typically vary between 1 and 1014 gram-equivalents per liter, into numbers between 0 and 14.

Given:

pH = 9.30

pH = -log [[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]

9.30 = -log [[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]

antilog (-9.30) = [[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = 5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M

Strong acid (His HCl) + strong base (KOH)

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]\frac{-M_{B}V_{B}n_{fB} + M_{A}V_{A}n_{fA}}{V_{final}}[/tex]

[tex]M_{B}[/tex] and [tex]M_{A}[/tex]= Molarity

[tex]V_{A}[/tex] and [tex]V_{B}[/tex] = Volume

[tex]n_{fA}[/tex] = n factor for acid

[tex]n_{fB}[/tex] = n factor for KOH

5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M = [tex]\frac{-1 M X V_{B} X 1 + 0.52 X 100 X 1 }{V_{A} + V_{B} }[/tex]

                       = [tex]\frac{-V_{B} + 52.18 }{100 + V_{B} }[/tex]

[tex]n_{fB}[/tex] = [tex]n_{fn}[/tex] = 1

5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M (100 + [tex]V_{B}[/tex] )= [tex]V_{B} - 52.18[/tex]

5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] + 5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] [tex]V_{B}[/tex] = -[tex]V_{B}[/tex] + 52.18

2.18 - 5.01 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] = 5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] [tex]V_{B}[/tex] + [tex]V_{B}[/tex]

[tex]V_{B}[/tex] = 52.17999 mL ≅ 52.18mL of KOH.

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After a while at room temperature, a piece of dry ice, or solid CO2, vanishes without leaving a puddle of liquid behind.

Dry ice, which is a solid form of carbon dioxide, is available. When used for short-term refrigeration, CO2 is usually used because it frequently sublimates from the solid form to the gas state due to the fact that it does not have a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure. Carbon dioxide that is solid is known as "dry ice." Due to its ice-like appearance and the fact that it truly sublimes rather than melting, dry ice appears to be made of ice. Because the solid does not first become a liquid when heated, it is known as dry ice.

Dry ice, also known as solid carbon dioxide, is very cold (109 °F / 78 °C), and it is frequently used to cool vaccines, chill and freeze food, preserve blood and tissue samples, heat-treat metals, and even produce special effects like fog for events or stage plays. Because solid CO2 does not melt into a liquid when heated but instead transforms instantly into gas, it is referred to as dry ice. Sublimation is the name of this procedure.

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Marie Anne Lavoisier realized how crucial it was to create drawings of the tools she and her husband employed in their research. In order to impart knowledge, this is crucial.

It is widely acknowledged that Lavoisier's major contributions to chemistry came mostly from his transformation of the field from a qualitative to a quantitative one. The discovery of the function of oxygen in combustion is what made Lavoisier famous. He challenged the phlogiston idea and identified and called the elements oxygen and hydrogen (1778). Lavoisier contributed to the development of the metric system, created the first comprehensive list of elements, and reformed chemical nomenclature. In addition to discovering that matter's mass never changes despite its form or shape, he also anticipated the creation of silicon in 1787. Lavoisier served as the general manager of the Ferme and was a key member of several aristocratic councils

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Br₂(g) and K(l) species are made at the anode and cathode, respectively, during the electrolysis of molten kbr .

The term "electrolysis" describes the use of an electric current to break down a chemical. An illustration of this is the deposit of sodium and chlorine at various electrodes when the current is run through molten sodium chloride. Thus, sodium and chlorine are formed as sodium chloride breaks down. The cathode, also known as the positive or oxidizing electrode, is reduced during the electrochemical reaction after receiving electrons from the external circuit. Cations (positively charged ions) give rise to cathodes, while anions give rise to anodes. The cathode is the electrode that is negatively charged in an electrical device.

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3.69 minutes will be needed to plate the chromium metal in the solution.

The charge transfer amount may be provided by:

q = It

where I is the current, t is the time, and q is the charge transfer

Q can be calculated by:

Moles of Cr = 0.0423 mole; As, moles = 2.19/51.9

Also, there is transfer of 3 electrons, thus, charge transfer will be faraday constant multiplied by 3

Charge transfer = 0.0423 *3*  96500 C

Charge transfer = 12245.85 C

As, q = it

12245.85 = 55.2 * Time

Time = 221.845 sec = 3.69 min

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