It causes prolonged depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are postsynaptic potentials that increase the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential in neuroscience. By allowing positively charged ions to enter the postsynaptic cell, ligand-gated ion channels open, causing a brief depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane potential. These are the opposite of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), which are often caused by the movement of either positive or negative ions into or out of cells. While IPSPs are occasionally brought on by an increase in positive charge outflow, EPSPs can also come from a reduction in positive charge outflow. Excitatory postsynaptic current is the ion flow that creates an EPSP (EPSC).
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what training method, in terms of duration and intensity, will stimulate gradual adaptations in muscle fibers helping to make them more fatigue resistant?
The progressive resistance training regimen should stress the muscles in order for them to work properly. The muscle that is worked is the muscle that adapts to training, which is the most evident example of specificity.
Resistance exercise builds muscular strength by challenging your muscles to perform against a weight or force.Resistance training can be done with free weights, weight machines, resistance bands, or your own body weight.To reap the most benefits, a novice should workout twice or three times each week.Before beginning a new fitness program, complete the adult pre-exercise screening tool and consult with a specialist, such as your doctor, exercise physiologist, physiotherapist, or AUS active registered professional.To maximize strength and growth increases, rest each muscle group for at least 48 hours.Changing up your routines might help you break through a fitness plateau.Learn more about Resistance training to visit this link
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the process in which swollen starch granules rupture causing the amylose to leak and thicken a cooking liquid is called .
The process of gelatinisation occurs when starch granules are heated in a liquid, causing them to swell and burst, which results in the liquid thickening. [Note that gelatinisation is different from gelation which is the removal of heat, such as ice cream is set when it is frozen.]
The disorganization of the starch granule's molecular arrangement is known as starch gelatinization. As a result, the granules enlarge, crystallites melt, birefringence is lost, viscosity is developed, and solubilization occurs. To investigate starch gelatinization, several analytical methods have been used.Long, interconnected strands of sugar molecules provide the structure of starch. Plants use starch primarily to aid with energy storage. Starch is a source of sugar in an animal's diet. Animals employ the amylase enzyme, which is found in saliva and the pancreas and breaks down starch for energy.
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Which of the following takes place as a result of the cardiovascular system's adjustment to exercise in a hot environment?a. increased heart rateb. decreased blood pressurec. shunting of blood to the skind. All of these are correct
The correct option is D; All of these are correct Increases in cardiac stroke volume and heart rate during exercise boost cardiac output, which, along with a transitory rise in systemic vascular resistance, raises mean arterial blood pressure (60).
Long-term activity, on the other hand, can induce a net drop in blood pressure during rest.
Deposits of the "aging pigment," lipofuscin, are normal changes in the heart. The cardiac muscle cells gradually deteriorate. The heart valves, which govern the direction of blood flow, thicken and stiffen.
Heart murmurs induced by valve stiffness are rather prevalent in the elderly. The increased cardiac output is preferentially directed to the working muscles, including the heart.
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when i attended the aquarium’s camp, i had a pleasant time studying nocturnal sea animals like the squirrelfish. which word should be replaced with a more precise word? marine pleasant nocturnal squirrelfish
when i attended the aquarium’s camp, i had a pleasant time studying nocturnal sea animals like the squirrelfish. the word should be replaced with a more precise word marine pleasant nocturnal squirrelfish The term "nice" should be changed to something more explicit.
It should be emphasised that a definition only refers to a word's potential uses and its meaning. In this aquarium’s camp, instance, pleasant will be the term that needs to be changed for one that is more precise.The word pleasant is quite ambiguous and imprecise, much like the word intriguing, even though this does not appear in the text. I'm not sure if this is a multiple choice question or not. The term pleasant doesn't sound very concrete or descriptive because the author is talking about an academic experience, which is undoubtedly equally enjoyable, and because he or she has used more specific and technical words, like nocturnal marine animals and squirrelfish. Other words like fascinating, enriching, or eye-opening may have been used instead.
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Which of these is a potential reason why tropical communities tend to have greater species diversity than temperate or polar communities? a. Tropical communities are somerally older than temperate and polar communities b. There are fewer parasites to negatively affect the health of tropical communities c. More competitive dominant species have evolved in temperate and polar communities d. They are less likely to be affected by human disturbance. e. Tropical communities are low in altitude, whereas temperate and polar communities are high in altitude
In tropical rainforest climates have usually high temperatures. The the only average temperature is normally in between 21° and she has to 30° and ships the precipitation here can reach over 100 inches e. The stable tropical rainforest environment.
By allowing plants and animals two interact all year around. It is generally seen that there is more diversity in the tropical region, then the temperature region because of variety of factors in this higher temperature in tropics causes higher rate of metabolic . So the correct answer of this question is option, mm hmm. That is tropical communities have high you average temperature and precipitation.
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what might cause the percentages of blood types to change in the united states over a long period of time?
Global distribution pattern of blood groups depends on various environmental factors, such as disease, climate, altitude, humidity etc.
A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a type of blood that is classified based on the presence or absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). Depending on the blood group system, these antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. Some of these antigens can also be found on the surface of other types of cells in different tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can be derived from a single allele (or an alternate version of a gene) and form the basis of a blood group system.
There are four major blood groups (blood types): A, B, AB, and O. The genes you inherit from your parents determine your blood group. Each blood group can be RhD positive or RhD negative, for a total of eight blood groups.
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Answer:
Girl what is this?
solutes pumped through a membrane embedded protein from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration describes the use of a
Solutes pumped through a membrane embedded protein from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration describes the use of active transport.
Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Active transport necessitates the use of cellular energy. Ion pumps, exocytosis, and endocytosis are the three main active transport methods.
Primary active transport transports ions across a membrane and creates a charge difference across that membrane. The primary active transport system employs ATP to transport a substance, such as an ion, into the cell while also transporting a second substance out of the cell.
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the form of the peppered moth biston betularia with light colored wings was dominant in europe during what time period(s)?
In the case of the peppered moth (Biston betularia), the black color form became dominant over the light color form in England during the industrial revolution.
What was rare in 1848 became common for the next fifty years. By 1900, peppered moth populations in areas around English cities were up to 98% dark moths. Scientists were curious as to why this was happening. Scientists have discovered the specific mutation that caused moths to turn black during the Industrial Revolution. In an iconic evolutionary case study, a black form of the peppered moth quickly took over industrial areas of the UK during the 19th century, when soot blackened the tree trunks and walls of its habitat. have salt and pepper coloring. But as the years passed, black versions of the moth began to prevail. These days, dark variants are the most common, and geneticists have long speculated that the Industrial Revolution is to blame. . The frequency of dark-colored moths increased at this time, an example of industrial melanism.
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Which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?.
Scientists have discovered that people are interfering with the nitrogen cycle by changing the quantity of nitrogen stored in the biosphere.
The main cause is the burning of fossil fuels, which emits nitric oxides into the atmosphere, where they react with other components to generate smog and acid rain.
There is a substantial body of evidence suggesting people are to blame for disruptions and alterations in local and global water cycles. Human activities such as damming rivers for hydroelectricity, utilizing water for farming, deforestation, and the use of fossil fuels may all have an influence on the water cycle.
Plant and animal excrement breakdown and fertilize the soil. Soil bacteria transform those types of nitrogen into ones that plants can utilize.
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What determines how much energy a human can receive from food?
A. How much energy the food molecules have
B. How much the food molecules weigh
C. How much nitrogen the food contains
D. How much oxygen the food contains
Answer:
the answer
Explanation:
I believe its A
The
fluid flows throughout and
around the brain and spinal cord.
A. interstitial
B. cerebral spinal
C. extracellar
which character has an old dog that he has with him all the time? what is important about this situation in mice and men
Lennie and George are introduced to the others in the bunkhouse and meet Candy and his old dog when they go to the ranch. This is Candy's dog.
which character has an old dog that he has with him all the time? what is important about this situation in mice and men?The bond between Candy and his dog is comparable to that of George and Lennie. Lennie is dependent on George to look after him and teach him what to do, just like Candy's dog is. Candy, like George, stands out from the other ranch hands because he always has his dog at his side, a faithful and devoted friend.
What happens to the old dog in Of Mice and Men?The dog is shot because it has served its purpose and is no longer useful to anyone; it is no longer worth maintaining alive. The dog has reached the end of its working life.
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who gives the best example of friendship in the book? why? explain. write a quote from the book that helps explain, of mice and men
John Steinbeck in a book Of Mice and Men gives the best example of friendship. because, Of Mice and Men is set in California in the world of migrant workers. Friendship is a central theme in Of Mice and Men.
John Steinbeck wrote the novella Of Mice and Men. It was written in 1937 and tells the story of two displaced migrant workers named George Milton and Lennie Small, who roam around California in quest of new employment prospects during the Great Depression. He met the people and visited the places that would eventually serve as the inspiration for his best works, including Of Mice and Men, during this time of itinerant farm work. In truth, Steinbeck asserted that Lennie's tale was migrant workers inspired by a true event in which he saw a murder take place while he was at work on a ranch.
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Examining our photo further, those orangish-red petals belong to the heliconia rostrata. What undersea creature is it commonly named after?.
Heliconias are widespread in the Neotropics and are extremely prevalent in tropical rainforests. They are frequently found in gardens and landscaped areas as decorative plants.
How does a heliconia plant appear?The leaves are glossy, green, paddle-shaped, and oval-shaped. They have an upright growth pattern, with the flower stems in the middle. In terminal racemes, which can be kept either erect or pendulant, flower bracts are placed. Heliconia lobster claws can be found in red, orange, or yellow, and are frequently finished with a splash of brilliant gold.
Heliconia can they grow in water?In planters, heliconias are essentially in containers. They favor rich, moist soils that drain well. Any planter or container should have plenty of drainage, but for heliconia — which needs water frequently — it is especially important.
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Which postulate of natural selection is deliberately enforced by dog breeders using artificial selection?.
Reproduction and survival are not decided by chance.
What is the underlying theory behind animal natural selection?An evolutionary mechanism is natural selection.Environment-adapted creatures are more likely to endure and pass on the genes that made them successful. This technique eventually causes species to evolve and diverge.
What is synthetic selection? the theory of Darwin?The act of identifying desirable traits in plants and animals and taking steps to strengthen and pass those traits on to succeeding generations is known as artificial selection.
What is an illustration of natural selection at work?The development of giraffes' long necks is a prime illustration of natural selection at work. Modern giraffes' ancestors were antelope or deer-like creatures.
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Which surface allows for the most surface runoff?
a. grass
b. concrete
c. crops
d. wetlands
Answer:
b. concrete
Good luck!
what are start and stop codons? what are insertion, deletion, and substitution mutations? what are frameshift, missense, nonsense, and silent mutations? which type of mutation is most likely to cause a change in a protein's structure and function (frameshift, missense, nonsense, and or silent mutations)? what is least likely to change the protein's structure and function? explain.
The start codon identifies the location where the translation of a protein sequence starts, and the stop codon identifies the location where translation ends.
what are start and stop codons?
The start codon is the first group of codons in an mRNA transcript that a ribosome translates. The most frequent start codon for methionine in eukaryotes is AUG.
A protein translation process is to be stopped by the stop codon, which is a termination codon. The amino acid chain is broken by this codon because it separates the ribosomal subunits. The common stop codons are UAG, UAA, and UGA.
A mutation is a change in a genome's base pairs or nucleotide sequence.
Substitution
A nucleobase gets changed for another one in this particular type of mutation. Point mutations or nucleotide substitutions are the results.
Insertion
Nucleotides are added to or inserted into the DNA sequence in this particular sort of mutation. Frameshift mutation results from it.
Deletion
The nucleotides are deleted or removed from the sequence in this particular sort of mutation. Frameshift mutation results from it.
Silent mutations happen when one DNA nucleotide changes within a gene's protein-coding region without changing the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein.
If nucleotide bases are added or removed from a gene in amounts that are not multiples of three, this is referred to as a frameshift mutation. This is significant because, when creating a protein, a cell reads the genetic code of a gene in groups of three nucleotides.
miss sense mutation is a genetic change wherein a single base pair substitution modifies the genetic code in a way that results in the production of an amino acid that differs from the typical amino acid at that place.
Non sense mutation -genetic modification that causes a protein to end prematurely. The altered protein may be changed or lose its function as a result of partial or complete inactivation.
A frameshift mutation will almost certainly alter the protein's structure and function.
Silent mutations: A few mutations that alter DNA bases have no impact on the order of the amino acids in a protein. Because the amino acid sequence is unaffected, these changes, also known as silent mutations, have no impact on the protein's structure or functionality.
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A lack of which molecule would result in the cell's inability to "turn off" genes?
A) operon
B) inducer
C) promoter
D) ubiquitin
E) corepressor
A lack of Corepressor molecules would result in the cell's inability to "turn off" genes.
What are genes?
A gene is the most fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. DNA is the building block of genes. Some genes serve as blueprints for the creation of proteins. Many genes, however, do not code for proteins. Genes in humans range in size from a few hundred DNA bases to over 2 million bases.
The Human Genome Project, an international research effort that worked to determine the sequence of the human genome and identify the genes that it contained, estimated that humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes.
Every individual has two copies of each gene, one from each parent. The majority of genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1% of the total) differ slightly between people.
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A classmate suggests that temperature might affect the rate of mitosis in plant cells. Design an experiment to test this hypothesis.
Answer: The environment immediately surrounding a cell can have substantial effects on the process of cellular division. Mitosis, one type of cell division, is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei. This is the fundamental process that produces most of the cells in multicellular organisms and allows for growth and repair of an organism.
Based on the phenotypes of the p generation and f1 generation, what are possible phenotypes in the f2 generation?.
Possible phenotypes in the f2 generation include Trichomes, no GFP, Glabrous, positive GFP, Trichomes, positive GFP, and Glabrous, no GFP.
What does an organism's phenotypic mean?The observable qualities or characteristics of an organism that are the outcome of the interplay between genes and environmental variables are referred to as phenotypes.
What elements impact an organism's phenotype?An organism's physiological, biochemical, and behavioral characteristics make up its phenotype. In contrast to genotype, which is inherited from the parents, phenotype is influenced by environmental and lifestyle variables.
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how does the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond when systemic blood pressure is too high? a. the juxtaglomerular cells send a message to the afferent arteriole to dilate. b. the macula densa sends a message to the efferent arteriole to constrict. c. the macula densa sends a message to the afferent arteriole to constrict. d. the granular cells release renin which causes systemic arterioles to constrict.
ANP works by dilating the afferent arterioles and constricting the efferent arterioles to raise the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the kidney. [4] At various nephron levels, ANP also prevents reabsorbing salt and water.
The atria are where atrial natriuretic peptide is mostly produced and secreted. Through a rise in water and sodium excretion, it uses the kidney to regulate blood pressure levels. By ensuring that the afferent arterioles are dilated to make space for an increased blood flow due to the increased pressure, the hormone aids in the regulation of blood pressure. Research demonstrates that the enzyme prevents renin from being released. ANP increases blood pressure and blood sodium levels
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two species competing can coexist even though they do not inhibit themselves more than they inhibit the other.
two species competing can coexist even though they do not inhibit themselves more than they inhibit the other is known as Intraspecific competition
Intraspecific competition is an ecological systems theory relationship in which individuals of different species of a single kind struggle for scarce funds. This lowers efficiency for both individuals; however, the more fit species survives and can reproduce. Barnacles compete for space on rocks, which they use to filter water for food. Plants that use chemical compounds to discourage competitors, even those of the same species, and to keep them from growing too close together.
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What is the process of ecological succession from a pioneer community to a climax community?
A seral community is a transitional stage of ecological succession moving toward the climax community.
What is Ecological succession ?Ecological succession is the process of change in an ecological community's species composition over time. The time frame can span several decades or fewer (for instance, following a wildfire).The cycling of nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur is made possible by bacteria.The community grows through an increase in complexity from a small number of pioneering plants and animals to a stable or self-sustaining climax community. The effects of established organisms on their own settings serve as the "engine" of succession and the reason why ecosystems evolve. Living has the effect of changing one's environment, sometimes subtly and sometimes blatantly.To learn more about Ecological succession refer to:
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over time, the tension between the two species over access to the crevices becomes intense. divers at the site observe actual fights between the eels and the octopuses. usually, it is the moray eel that wins in these fights. after a few years, octopuses disappear completely from this reef, and all of the crevices are occupied by eels. this result means that this scenario is an example of
I'll try to spell it correctly because I can't identify which portions of the statement are underlined. Divers will also be able to witness a wide variety of marine life, such as huge eels, manta rays, octopi, and green turtles.
A list of marine life should always be separated by commas.the tension between the two species over access to the crevices becomes intense. divers at the site observe actual fights between the eels and the octopuses. usually, it is the moray eel that wins in these fights. after a few years, octopuses disappear completely from this reef, and all of the crevices are occupied by eels. this result means that this scenario The given sentence should read, "Seeing the dolphins, some sharks, a killer whale, and a moray eel made the visit," as moray is not a proper name and should not be capitalized.
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There are three factors that are primarily responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential. This electrical polarization would be disrupted by.
Which organelles must be present within a cell of a geranium leaf for respiration and photosynthesis.
Answer:
The chloroplast and the mitochondria.
Explanation:
when gfr and blood pressure decrease, what happens to the afferent arteriole and to efferent arteriole?
Answer: Increased blood volume and increased blood pressure will increase GFR.
Explanation: Saw on the internet.
Plants and animals exchange materials through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of these statements is true about the way these two processes are related? The products of photosynthesis prevent cellular respiration from occurring. The products of cellular respiration are also the reactants of photosynthesis. The products of cellular respiration are also the reactants of cellular respiration. The products of photosynthesis are also the reactants of photosynthesis.
The statement which is true about the two processes is that the products of cellular respiration are also the reactants of photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?
It is defined as a process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert the light energy in to chemical energy through the process of cellular respiration.
Some of the energy which is converted is stored in molecules of carbohydrates like sugar and starches which are made up of from carbon dioxide and water . Photosynthetic organisms which can perform photosynthesis are algae and cyanobacteria.
The process begins with proteins absorbing light energy which are called reaction centers and contain a green pigment which is called chlorophyll . In plants ,these pigments are present inside organelles called chloroplasts while in bacteria they are present in plasma membrane.
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Active transport requires the input of energy into a system so as to move solutes against their electrochemical and concentration gradients. WHich of the following is not one of the common ways to perform active transport?A. NA+-CoupledB. APT-drivenC. K+-coupledD. light-driven
The correct option is C : K+-coupled. Solute transport can occur either along or against the concentration gradient.
There are two forms of transport that occur in living organisms: active transport and passive transport. Passive travel does not require energy for transportation, but active transport does.
The K+ linked transport does not require any energy molecules and is simply transferred across the leaky channel. As a result, K+-coupled transport is not a common active transport. Substances travel against the concentration gradient during active transport, from a low concentration location to a high concentration area.
As a result, option C is the correct answer.
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