Scientists have noticed that the entire DNA molecule has the same width, despite the fact that the four nucleotides are NOT the same width Now that you’ve created a model, explain why this makes sense (hint: it has to do with the number of rings for each nitrogen base)
Answers
I don't have access to your model, although I'm sure it's beautiful. Fortunately, this question can be answered without one.
A strand of DNA is a polymer consisting of monomeric nucleotide units. The nucleotides that are found in DNA are distinguished by their nucleobases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Each nucleotide in DNA is made up of a single nucleobase, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. These nucleotides form extremely long chains comprising phosphate-sugar linkages (covalent, phosphodiester bonds).
In native, double-stranded DNA, you have of these chains (or strands) arranged side-by-side such that the nucleobases on one chain are faced directly across corresponding nucleobases on the other chain, which enables hydrogen bonding between the bases.
There is a "rule" regarding which bases form hydrogen bonds with one another (Chargaff's rule): adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine.
What does this have to do with the width of the DNA molecule?
The four nucleotides can be structurally classified into two categories: pyrimidines and purines. For our purposes, we only need to know that pyrimidines are six-membered rings and purines are a fusion of a six- and five-membered ring (basically, purines are pyrimidines attached to a five-membered ring). Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines, and adenine and guanine are purines.
So, geometrically, adenine and guanine are larger (and, thus, "wider") than thymine and cytosine since adenine and guanine contain an extra ring. But remember our base-pairing rules: In native DNA, adenine (two rings) on one strand pairs up with thymine (one ring) on the other strand, and guanine (two rings) pairs up with cytosine (one ring) on the other strand.
Because there's a 1:1 ratio between A:T and G:C in double-stranded DNA, the DNA molecule consists of complementary base pairs that, in any given composition of, has equivalent widths. Put simply, the A=T pair has the same width as a G≡C pair because both base pairs are between one pyrimidine and one purine.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is composed of four nucleotides, namely, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
Adenine and guanine are purines while Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines.Purines are composed of two rings while pyrimidines are composed of only one ring.Purine forms bond with pyrimidine, i.e Adenine binds with thymine and guanine binds with cytosine.Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds while guanine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds.Thus, the relative pairing of the purine and pyrimidine with each other keeps the width of the DNA constant.
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Related Questions
Yeast cells have 16 chromosomes and reproduce asexually. How many chromosomes would its diploid cell have?
Answers
Answer:
fourty six chromosomes
I think that 46 is the answer :)
20 POINTS AND BRAINLEST!
5. How is density affected when?
(a) the temperature increases
(b) the depth increases
(c) the latitude increases
(d) the salinity increases
Answers
Explanation : think of it this way. When you are running around and get hot what happens ? You sweat. Your body temperature increased and causes you to sweat. Same thing with density. when the temperature increases you will see condensation witch is because the density was affected. Hope this helped :)
Answer: he is not correct
Explanation:
incorrect bud
whats the Definition of postsynaptic?
Answers
Answer:
Postsynaptic potentials are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse. Postsynaptic potentials are graded potentials, and should not be confused with action potentials although their function is to initiate or inhibit action potentials.
I hope it's helpful!
Answer:
occurring after synapsis
Explanation:
of, occurring in, or being a nerve cell by which a wave of excitation is conveyed away from a synapse
Which two characteristics describe organisms in the kingdom Animalia?
A. They are heterotrophic
B.They are unicellular
C. They are multicellular
D.They have prokaryotic cells
This is a multi (two) answer
Answers
Answer:A and C
Explanation:
Answer:
A and C
Explanation:
All members of Animalia are multicellular, and all are heterotrophs (that is, they rely directly or indirectly on other organisms for their nourishment). Most ingest food and digest it in an internal cavity. Animal cells lack the rigid cell walls that characterize plant cells.
I also did the test and got it right.
PLEASE HELP i need this fast i will give BRAINLIEST
Answers
Answer:
1 is
Explanation:
no. 1 is water cycle
no.2 is food chain
no.3 is carbon-oxygen cycle
no.4 is mineral cycle
name and describe the process occurring in the nucleus which results in the formation of an mRNA molecule
Answers
I attached a photo for more understanding :)
You’re welcome
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is the single-stranded biological molecule that resembles the hereditary sequence of the gene and is needed for coding the proteins molecules essential for cell function and growth.
Transcription is the process that occurs in the nucleus.
What is the process that synthesizes the mRNA?mRNA is the biological molecule that gets formed from the double-stranded DNA molecule by the process of Transcription in the nucleus of the cell.The replicated DNA undergoes a transcription process and it's one strand transcripts to form a single strand of the mRNA molecule with the help of the transcription factors.One of the DNA strands acts as a template for the formation of the pre mRNA molecule with the help of the RNA polymerase II enzyme. The pre molecule formed undergoes an elongation and the termination process and the final mature mRNA is formed.Therefore, transcription results in the formation of the mRNA.
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What is a genotype? Please help
Answers
Answer:
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Explanation:
so like A and B ,A is for mom that would be a genotype
What was the Scientific Revolution of the mid-1500s and 1600s? What is the scientific method? List the major steps of the scientific method. What are the lasting consequences of the scientific revolution?
Answers
Answer:
Question: What was the Scientific Revolution of the mid-1500s and 1600s?
Answer: Before the mid-1500s and 1600s, Scientists feed on ancient scholars scientific materials and what the church explains through the Bible of how God created the universe and the people that lived in the world. The interest people have to observe their natural environments, coupled with the rise of more educated scientists led to the Scientific Revolution which uses observation of the natural world, experimentation, and a well-followed scientific method to discover the world.
Question: What is the scientific method?
Answer: During the mid-1500s and 1600s scientists developed a method called the scientific method with the aim to lay emphasis on observing the natural world and experimentation to test hypothesis. Making them start thinking like scientists instead of accepting unproven theories.
Question: List the major steps of the scientific method.
Answer:
1. Observation
2. Experimentation
3. Logical Ideas
4. Hypothesis
Question: What are the lasting consequences of the scientific revolution?
Answer:
1. It shaped the way people think and make people question and observe their environments.
2. It embraces the acceptance of proven and tested theories rather than some mystical beliefs.
There are 10 pieces of candy in a bowl and 2 of them are chocolate. What percentage of the pieces of candy in the bowl are chocolate?
Answers
Answer:
20%
Explanation:
2 out of 10 is the same as 20 out of 100. So 2/10 = 2/100 or 20%
WILL GIVE BRAINLY!! WILL REPORT RANDOM ANSWERS.
1. Which of the following was NOT a part of the summary on Darwin's Theory of Evolution?
Organisms produce more offspring than what can survive
Struggle for Existence - Organisms will compete for resources
Species that live today descended from a common ancestor, with modifications to their traits.
Adaptations are acquired through the use of those traits.
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the main points of Natural Selection?
Variation
Use and Disuse
Adaptation
Overproduction
3. Which type of evidence was Darwin' UNABLE to use, because of the time period, in which he lived? Check all answers that apply!
fossil record
biochemical evidence/ biochemistry
comparative embryology
anatomical structures - homologous/ analogous/ vestigial
Biogeography/ Geographic Distribution
Answers
Answer:
1adaptation are acquired through use of those traits (that was lamarck)
2 . use and disuse (that was lamarck)
3.biochemical evidence (the rest he would have been used, not completely but there would have been elements available there)
Explanation:
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is correct?
This process occurs mainly in chloroplasts.
Plants and animals use this process to produce ATP.
Oxygen is a by-product of this process.
Plants use this process to produce carbohydrates
Answers
Answer:
Plants and animals use this process to produce ATP.
Explanation:
the first one is wrong because cellular respiration occurs in almost every cell
the third one is wrong because byproduct of cellular respiration is water, not oxygen(oxygen is used in the reaction)
fourth is wrong because carbohydrates are produced by photosynthesis
second option is right because cellular respiration provides energy(ATP) for cells to use(in order to perform lots of processes)
What are themes of the 1st chapter of the War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells?
Answers
Answer:
Social Darwinism and Evolution
Explanation:
This are the themes of the 1st chapter of the War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells.
Is electricity a "green " energy resource ? Explain why or why not.
Answers
Answer:
The U.S. voluntary market defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, eligible biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. ... Such fuel sources include the sun, wind, moving water, organic plant and waste material (eligible biomass), and the earth's heat (geothermal).
Explanation:
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Compare mitosis with meiosis by filling in the chart below:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Characteristic
22. In what type of cells does this type of cell division
occur?
23. How many cells are formed at the end of the
process?
24. Are the resulting daughter cells the same or different
than the mother cell?
25. If the process begins with a diploid mother cell, will
the daughter cells be haploid or diploid?
26. Are tetrads formed?
27. Does crossing over occur?
Answers
Answer:
22:- in mitosis stem cells and somatic cells cell division occurs and in meoisis germ cells cell division occurs
23:- at end of mitosis 2 daughter cells formed and meiosis 4 daughter cells formed
24:- in mitosis cells are same and in meiosis cells are different
l know only those questions answers
Conclude: An organism that breaks down organic matter into simpler materials (like carbon dioxide) is called a decomposer. Decomposers absorb nutrients from living things or the organic matter they leave behind. They do not need to kill to get their food.
Do your results suggest bears are decomposers? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
Answer:
No, because bears kill to get their food. They eat fish and they kill the fish to get them. If they left the fish carcass, decomposers would eat it. The bear makes the food for the decomposers, but it is not a decomposer itself... Does that make sense?
If a DNA molecule is 24% Thymine, which one of these is correct?
A. Adenine is also 24%, Cytosine is 26%
B. Cytosine and Guanine have a total of 48%
C.Guanine is 26% and Cytosine is 24%
D. A and B are correct
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is the correct answer i think and I'm sorry if it's not
What characteristic have helped humans survive major changes in the environment? the ability to adapt to new conditions the ability to outsmart predators the ability to run the ability to write and speak language
Answers
Answer:
Characteristics that have helped humans survive major changes in the environment are their brains and body. Human's social cooperation with tool making always increases.
Survival of the fittest explains the mechanism of natural selection. The ability to adapt to new changes has helped humans survive major changes in the environment.
What is adaptation?Adaptation is the ecological process that is the process of the adjustment of the structures, behaviors, and physiology of the organism to suit the altered environment.
It is the variation that increases the fitness of the organism so that it can survive and reproduce in a specific environment. It is a dynamic evolutionary method, that is essential for the sustainability of the organisms.
Therefore, option A. the ability to adapt to new conditions has helped humans survive.
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Question 1 4 Eagles and grizzly bears live together in the same habitat. Which of the following situations would lead to eagles and grizzly bears competing for resources? O Grizzly bears hibernate during the winter while eagles remain active. O Pesticides in the fish population affect eagles' eggs and decrease their population. O Both grizzly bears and eagles feed on the same species of salmon. O Laws prevent humans from being able to hunt eagles or grizzly bears
Answers
Answer:
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ANIMALSPHOTO ARK
Grizzly bear
Grizzly bears once lived across much of western North America until European settlements and aggressive hunting eliminated most of the population.
PHOTOGRAPH BY JOEL SARTORE, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK
COMMON NAME: Grizzly bears
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Ursus arctos horribilis
TYPE: Mammals
DIET: Omnivore
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN IN THE WILD: 25 years
SIZE: Five to eight feet
WEIGHT: 800 pounds
SIZE RELATIVE TO A 6-FT MAN:
IUCN RED LIST STATUS:? Least concern
LC
NT
VU
EN
CR
EW
EX
LEAST CONCERN
EXTINCT
CURRENT POPULATION TREND: Stable
What is the grizzly bear?
The grizzly bear is a North American subspecies of the brown bear. Grizzlies are typically brown, though their fur can appear to be white-tipped, or grizzled, lending them their name. Grizzly bears are protected by law in the continental United States—not in Alaska—though there have been some controversial attempts to remove those protections in recent years.
How does meiosis play a role in the evolution of a species
A. It increases the reproduction rate of the species
B.it increases the amount of genetic variation in the species
C. It reduces the amount of competition between members of the species
D. It increases the ability of individuals in the species to obtain resources
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - option B. it increases the amount of genetic variation in the species.
Explanation:
Meiosis is a type of cell division that takes place in sex cells or reproductive cells. There is crossing over takes place which is a process where the genetic exchange of chromosomes occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
The crossing over leads to the new genetic combinations of genetic material which result in the genetic variation in species. This variation plays a role in the natural selection and evolution of species.
the energy required to lift an object is supplied by ATP, which is made by breaking down molecules of
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. glycolysis
d. glucose
Answers
The energy provided by ATP is driven by the breakdown of glucose molecules. Thus, option D is correct.
ATP or Adenosine triphosphate is the energy molecule that is able to provide energy to the body. Varying pathways and cycles in the cell produce ATP.
Which molecules produce ATP?ATP production is carried out in the degradation of the complex molecules by the cell. The cycle is operated primarily in the cell for the production of ATP in glycolysis.
The ATP is produced in the glycolysis cycle with the breakdown of glucose molecules. Thus, option D is correct.
Learn more about ATP, here:
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can a theory be created by just one person ?
Answers
Answer:
Theories can be created by just one person
YesExplanation:
What normally happens is that one person creates a theory, and as years go by new research comes out further advancing or modifying a theory. The theory then is created by many people. Which overall still means that theories can be created by just one person.
proteins are made at the ?blank
Answers
Answer:
below
Explanation: Ribosomes cell
When the Australian wildfires occurred, what short-term effect did the
ecosystem experience?
A. Plants and/or animals relocated or died.
B. All of the plants died but the animal population increased.
C. There was no effect on the ecosystem.
D. The trees grew back quick and the animals were not affected
Answers
Answer:
A. Plants and/or animals relocated or died.
Explanation:
Plants and animals will eventually come back, so that is a short-term effect on the ecosystem.
Hope this helps! :)
Photosynthetic organisms produce oxygen based on whether light is available for photosynthesis. These organisms also consume oxygen for cellular respiration in both light and dark environments. In three to five sentences, explain how these conditions relate to gross and net
productivity. (4 points)
Answers
Answer:
Gross productivity refers to the amount of carbon fixed.
Explanation:
Gross productivity refers to the amount of carbon fixed during the process of photosynthesis by all producers such as plants and algae etc in the ecosystem. A large part of the energy that is produced in the process of photosynthesis is used by the plants in the metabolic processes of the producers such as respiration. The net productivity indicates that carbon dioxide plants that is used during the photosynthesis process substracted from carbon dioxide the plants releases during the process of respiration.
Answer:
be care if use answer ^ got in troulbe reword it really good
Explanation:
Description of a ladybugs metamorphosis, including whether it is complete or incomplete
Answers
Complete metamorphosis has 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The larva and pupa stages look very different from the adult stage. Examples include butterflies, beetles (including ladybugs), and mealworms. Incomplete metamorphosis has 3 stages: egg, nymph, and adult..
what substances form the uprights of the DNA ladder
Answers
Help me pls hajkskwksmsmsmskwmsksmsss
Answers
Answer:
The easiest one to correct would most likely be Class V, since in this type of mutation, the only problem or abnormality is the production of insufficient amounts of the needed CFTR.
Explanation:
Mutation Classes
Class I - Gene contains a stop signal that prevents CFTR from being made.
Class II - CFTR is made, but does not reach the cell membrane
Class III - CFTR is made and in the right place, but does not function normally
Class IV - Channel does not move substances efficiently or at all
Class V - CFTR is made in smaller than normal quantities
ice floats on water because ice is less dense than water, how is this helpful to fish tnat live in a lake
Answers
PLEASE ANSWER I'll love you forever
which structure is represented by letter b
A.ribosome
B. tRNA
C.Nucleus
Answers
Answer:
the leeter b is sturcture by option A:ribosome
Help a mate out in biology
Answers
Answer:
A. Spores
B. Meiosis
C. Spores grow by mitosis into gametophyte
D. Haploid (n)
E. Gametes (sperm and egg)
F. Mitosis
Explanation:
Alternation of generations is a system of life cycle exhibited by certain organisms such as algae, plants etc where they alternate between a haploid phase/generation and diploid phase/generation. In this life cycle, the SPOROPHYTE is the diploid (2n) multicellular body that forms haploid SPORES via meiotic division. These spores, however, grow into another multicellular body via mitosis called GAMETOPHYTE.
The GAMETOPHYTE refers to the haploid (n) body that produces the haploid gametes (sperm and egg) by undergoing mitosis. The haploid gametes produced unites in a process called FERTILIZATION to yield a diploid ZYGOTE that eventually mitotically grows into the SPOROPHYTE. Note that, the cycle repeats.