Answer:
Tax Avoidance
Explanation:
A Tax is simply a compulsory payment to a local, state, or national government. It is a source of Revenue to government.
Tax Avoidance is defined as an action that an individual embark on to lreduce tax and maximize after tax income. That is to lessen one's tax liability within the limit set up by law.
In case of tax reduction or minimisation for an individual, one must;
1. Know that the arrangement is usually in the beginning of the business rather than in the course of it.
2. There must be sound commercial reasons for the arrangement.
3. Limit tax by exercising choices provided for in the Act and do not use these choices out of the manner listed by parliament. e.t.c
An economic profit includes implicit costs and accounting profit does not. A distinction between them is important because an accounting profit is a relative amount of money. Some amount of accounting profit may or may not be a sufficient amount of profit to keep an entrepreneur in:________
Answer:
his/ her present line of business
Explanation:
Economic profit is accounting profit less implicit cost
Accounting cost is total revenue less explicit cost
Implicit cost is the cost of the next best option forgone when one alternative is chosen over other alternatives
Explicit cost is the actual cost incurred in carrying out an activity.
In determining profit, it is essential to consider implicit cost to determine if the business is earning economic profit
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs) are gaining in popularity over sub-chapter S corporations because:_____.
A. LLCs offer better liability protection to their members.
B. Sub-chapter S corporations are being phased out by the government which is promoting.
C. LLCs as they requires less paperwork on the part of the IRS.
D. Sub-chapter S corporations are being taxed at a higher rate by the IRS.
E. They are simpler when it comes to paperwork, offer some of the same tax advantages and also protect members from unlimited financial exposure.
Answer:
E. They are simpler when it comes to paperwork, offer some of the same tax advantages and also protect members from unlimited financial exposure
Explanation:
Limited liability companies are set up to protect the owners from liability. The business is a seperate entity from the individual owners and their assets are not used to settle debts of the business.
This type of business is gaining more use than S corporation. S corporation in addition to having liability advantages also requires more rigid requirements to set up. They do not pay corporate tax, but rather are taxed as sole proprietorship or a partnership.
Because of the ease of setting up an LLC more people prefer it to an S corporation. It also protects owners from unlimited financial liability
Tierney Construction, Inc. recently lost a portion of its financial records in an office theft. The following accounting information remained in the office files:
Cost of goods sold $88,250
Work in process inventory, January 1, 2016 21,800
Work in process inventory, December 31, 2016 17,250
Selling and Administrative Expenses 20,400
Net Income 35,500
Factory overhead 21,650
Direct materials inventory, January 1, 2016 28,200
Direct materials inventory, December 31, 2016 15,375
Cost of goods manufactured 107,350
Finished goods inventory, January 1, 2016 35,675
Direct labor cost incurred during the period amounted to 2.5 times the factory overhead. The CFO of Tierney Construction, Inc. has asked you to recalculate the following accounts and to report to him by the end of tomorrow.
What should be the amount in the finished goods inventory at December 31, 2016?
Answer:
$54,775
Explanation:
The computation of the finished goods inventory is shown below:
As we know that
Cost of Goods sold = Cost of goods manufactured + Opening stock of Finished goods - Closing stock of Finished goods
Now
Ending Stock of Finished goods = Cost of goods manufactured + Opening stock of Finished goods - Cost of Goods sold
So,
Ending Stock of Finished goods is
= $107,350 + $35,675 - $88,250
= $54,775
Iris, a calendar year cash basis taxpayer, owns and operates several TV rental outlets in Florida, and wants to expand to other states. During 2018, she spends $14,000 to investigate TV rental stores in South Carolina and $9,000 to investigate TV rental stores in Georgia. She acquires the South Carolina operations, but not the outlets in Georgia. As to these expenses, Iris should: Group of answer choices Expense $9,000 for 2018 and capitalize $14,000. Capitalize $23,000. Capitalize $14,000 and not deduct $9,000. None of the above. Expense $23,000 for 2018.
Answer:
e. Expense $23,000 for 2018.
Explanation:
In this given case, Iris owns and operate TV rentals outlets, the investigation expenses which are deductible for 2018 are:
= $14,000 + $9,000
= $23,000
$23,000 should be charged off as expense for 2018.
a. Performed $29,400 of services on account.
b. Collected $17,500 cash on accounts receivable.
c. Paid $4,400 cash in advance for an insurance policy.
d. Paid $570 on accounts payable.
e. Recorded the adjusting entry to recognize $3,700 of insurance expense.
f. Recorded the adjusting entry to recognize $300 accrued interest revenue.
g. Received $9,500 cash for services to be performed at a later date.
h. Purchased land for $1,560 cash.
i. Purchased supplies for $1,800 cash.
Required:
Record each of the above transactions in general journal form and then show the effect of the transaction in a horizontal statements model. The first transaction is shown as an example. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
Transaction Account Titles Debit Credit
a Accounts receivable 29,400
Service revenue 29,400
Show the effect of the transaction in a horizontal statements model. The first transaction is shown as an example. (In the Cash Flow column, use OA to designate operating activity, IA for investment activity, FA for financing activity, NC for net change in cash and NA to indicate the element is not affected by the event. Enter any decreases to account balances with a minus sign.)
Answer:
S/n Account Titles Debit$ Credit$
a. Accounts receivable 29400
Service revenue 29400
b. Cash 17500
Accounts receivable 17500
c. Prepaid insurance 4400
Cash 4400
d. Accounts payable 570
Cash 570
e. Insurance expense 3700
Prepaid insurance 3700
f. Interest receivable 300
Interest revenue 300
g. Cash 9500
Unearned service revenue 9500
h. Land 1560
Cash 1560
i. Supplies 1800
Cash 1800
Asset Liabilities Equity Revenue Expense Net income S.Cash Flow
a. 29400 29400 29400 29400 NA
b. 17500 OA
-17500
c. 4400 OA
-4400
d. -570 -570 OA
e. -3700 -3700 3700 -3700 NA
f. 300 300 300 300 NA
g. 9500 9500 OA
h. 1560 IA
-1560
i. 1800 OA
-1800
(b) The citizens of this country are in general very clever people, but they are not good at multiplying by 2. This made shopping for potatoes excruciatingly difficult for many citizens. Therefore it was decided to introduce a new unit of currency, such that potatoes would be the numeraire. A sack of potatoes costs one unit of the new currency while the same relative prices apply as in the past. In terms of the new currency, what is the price of meatballs
Answer: 2 sacks of potatoes
Explanation:
In the past, meatballs cost 4 crowns per crock which was twice the price of Potatoes at 2 crowns per sack.
Now that potatoes were are the new currency but relative prices apply, the same notion above applies too.
If meatballs are twice the price of potatoes and potatoes are now the currency, then meatballs which are still twice the price of potatoes must be:
= 2 * 1 sack of potatoes
= 2 sacks of potatoes
On November 1, Arvelo Corporation had $34,500 of raw materials on hand. During the month, the company purchased an additional $75,500 of raw materials. During November, $90,000 of raw materials were requisitioned from the storeroom for use in production. These raw materials included both direct and indirect materials. The indirect materials totaled $3,500. Prepare journal entries to record these events. Use those journal entries to answer the following questions:
Answer:
The credits to Raw material account for the month of November total is $90,000
Explanation:
Missing word "The credits to the Raw Materials account for the month of November total:"
Journal entry
Date Accounts title and Explanation Debit Credit
Work in process inventory $86,500
(90,000 - 3,500)
Manufacturing overheads $3,500
Raw material inventory $90,000
Question 7 of 10
Your company emphasizes the important of conserving (not wasting)
resources. How can you support that value when you print an 8-page report
you were asked to bring to your department's monthly meeting?
A. Use the Print option for two-sided printing.
B. Post the report online before printing it.
C. Use the Print option to create extra copies.
D. Use the Save option to choose a format readers can open.
SUBMIT
Answer:
A. Use the Print option for two-sided printing.
I'd choose A, although I don't really understand what option D means..
Washtenaw Corporation uses a job-order costing system. The following data are for last year: Estimated Direct Labor Hours 14,000 Estimated Machine Hours 12,000 Estimated Manufacturing Overhead Cost $42,600 Actual Direct Labor Hours 11,000 Actual Machine Hours 13,000 Actual Manufacturing Overhead Cost $39,000 Washtenaw applies overhead using a predetermined rate based on direct labor-hours. What predetermined overhead rate was used last year
Answer:
$3.25 per direct labor-hour
Explanation:
Calculation for predetermined overhead rate was used last year
Predetermined overhead rate = $39,000 ÷ 12,000 direct labor-hours
Predetermined overhead rate= $3.25 per direct labor-hour
Therefore the predetermined overhead rate was used last year was $3.25 per direct labor-hour
A purchase of a pair of Italian designer jeans by a resident of Japan would be considered an_____when counting GDP in Japan. As a result, this purchase would be_____Japanese GDP. A purchase of a light pickup truck made in Japan and sold in Canada would be considered an_____for Japanese GDP, which would be_____Japanese GDP.
Answer and Explanation:
In the case when the purchase of Italian jeans made by the Japan resident so it would be considered an import at the time of counting GDP in Japan. So the purchase would be deducted or excluded from Japanese GDP
In the case when the purchase of truck would be made in Japan and then sold it in Canada so it would be considered as an export so the same would be included or added in Japanese GDP.
Hi, please help me
A garage band wants to hold a concert. The expected crowd has a Normal distribution with the mean of 3000 and standard deviation of 200. The average expenditure on concessions is Uniformly distributed with a minimum of $10 and maximum of 25 dollars. Tickets sell for $10 each, and the band’s profit is 80% of the gate (ticket sale) and concession sales, minus a fixed cost of $12,000. Use the provided spreadsheet model and conduct a Monte Carlo simulation with 500 trials to analyze the band profit.
In your analysis,
a. find the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation for band profit.
b. create the frequency distribution (using FREQUENCY function) and the histogram for
band profit.
c. Find the probability that band profit will be greater than $62000.
preparing its Manufacturing Overhead Budget for the fourth quarter of the year. The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead rate is $1.70 per direct labor-hour; the budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead is $116,000 per month, of which $30,000 is factory depreciation. If the budgeted direct labor time for December is 4,000 hours, then the predetermined manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour for December would be:
Damon Industries manufactures 20,000 components per year. The manufacturing cost of the components was determined as follows:
Direct materials $100,000
Direct labor 160,000
Variable manufacturing overhead 60,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead 80,000
An outside supplier has offered to sell the component for $17. If Damon purchases the component from the outside supplier, the manufacturing facilities would be unused and could be rented out for $10,000. If Damon purchases the component from the supplier instead of manufacturing it, the effect on income would be:
a. a $30,000 increase.
b. a $50,000 decrease.
c. a $70,000 increase.
d. a $10,000 decrease.
Answer:
d. a $10,000 decrease.
Explanation:
The computation of the impact on the income is given below:
In case of making the product
= Direct material + direct labor + variable manufacturing overhead + rented
= $100,000 + $160,000 + $60,000 + $10,000
= $330,000
And, in case of buying the product
= 20,000 × $17
= $340,000
So there is a decrease of $10,000
After graduating from college, you are hired by the Ford automobile company as an economic analyst. For your first project, you are asked to estimate what would happen to the sales of Ford Mustangs as a result of a change in (i) the price of a Chevrolet Camaro, (ii) the price of gasoline, and (iii) consumer incomes. You are given the following elasticities:
price elasticity Of demand for Ford Mustangs= -2.5
Cross-price elasticity between Ford Mustangs and Camaros =1.5
Cross-price elasticity between Ford Mustangs and gasoline= -0.80
Income elasticity of demand for Ford Mustangs= 3.00
a. Suppose the price Of a Camaro falls by 10%. With all else being equal, sales of Ford Mustangs would______ by_______%
b. If the price of gasoline increases by 20%, the quantity of Ford Mustangs would _________by_______%
Answer:
a. Decrease by 15%
b. decrease by 16%
Explanation:
a. As we know that
Camaro and ford mustangs would be considered as a substitute goods as the cross price elasticity of demand comes in positive so in the case when the price of camaro decrease so the quantity of Mustang would also decreased by 1.5 ×10% = 15%
b. As we know that Gasoline and mustang would be considered as complementary goods so if the price of gasoline would increase by 20% so the quantity of mustang be decreased by 0.80 × 20% = 16%
you are in a 98 story building taking the elevator to the top from the bottom. Each story is 15 feet. The elevator travels at 20 miles per hour. There are 5,280 feet in a mile. How long do you have for your elevator pitch ?
Answer: 50 seconds
Explanation:
I took the test just now.
You are in a 98-story building taking the elevator to the top from the bottom. Each story is 15 feet. The elevator travels at 20 miles per hour. There are 5,280 feet in a mile. Around 50 seconds you can have for your elevator pitch.
What is an elevator pitch?An elevator pitch, elevator speech, or elevator statement is a short description of an idea, product, or company that explains the concept in a way such that any listener can understand it in a short period.
This description typically explains who the thing is for, what it does, why it is needed, and how it will get done. When explaining a person, the description generally explains one's skills and goals, and why they would be a productive and beneficial person to have on a team or within a company or project.
An elevator pitch does not have to include all of these components, but it usually does at least explain what the idea, product, company, or person is and their value.
Learn more about elevator, here:
https://brainly.com/question/27128408
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Portions of the financial statements for Peach Computer are provided below. PEACH COMPUTER Income Statement For the year ended December 31, 2021 Net sales $ 1,725,000 Expenses: Cost of goods sold $ 1,020,000 Operating expenses 530,000 Depreciation expense 47,000 Income tax expense 37,000 Total expenses 1,634,000 Net income $ 91,000 PEACH COMPUTER Selected Balance Sheet Data December 31 2021 2020 Increase (I) or Decrease (D) Cash $ 99,000 $ 83,500 $ 15,500 (I) Accounts receivable 46,300 50,500 4,200 (D) Inventory 72,000 53,500 18,500 (I) Prepaid rent 2,700 4,400 1,700 (D) Accounts payable 42,000 35,500 6,500 (I) Income tax payable 4,700 8,500 3,800 (D) Required: Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows for Peach Computer using the indirect method.
Answer:
PEACH COMPUTER
Operating Activities Section of Cashflow Statement
Cash flows from operating activities: $91,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cashflows from operating activities:
Add: Depreciation $47,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in Inventory ($18,500)
Decrease in accounts receivable $4,200
Increase in Accounts Payable $6,500
Decrease in Prepaid rent $1,700
Decrease in Income tax payable ($3,800) $37,100
Net Cash from Operating activities $128,100
Grimm Manufacturing is trying to determine the equivalent units for conversion costs with 15,000 units of ending work in process at 40% completion when there is a total 45,000 physical units. There are no beginning units in the department. Conversion costs occur evenly throughout the entire production period. What are the equivalent units for conversion costs for the current period
Answer: 36000 units
Explanation:
Ending work in process = 15,000 units
Completion rate = 40%
Total physical units = 45,000
The units completed will be:
= Total Units - Ending working in process
= 45,000 - 15,000
= 30,000
Since only 40% of the ending work in process inventory units has been completed, the completed units will then be:
= 15,000 × 40%
= 15000 × 0.4
= 6,000 units.
Then, the equivalent units for conversion costs for the current period will be:
= 30,000 + 6,000
= 36,000 units.
When developing baseline standards, it is vital to use industry best practices. Industry best practices standards enable one to justify choices being made to regulators. Furthermore, there is increased efficiency to be gained by modifying an existing standard as opposed to creating one from the ground up.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
A baseline may be defined as the minimum amount of security that a network, a device or a system must adhere to. They are generally mapped to the industry standards. It is applied to the several layers of the IT infrastructure of an organization.
When developing them, it is very important to make use of the industry best practices. It enables to justify the choices that are being made to the regulators.
Hence the answer is true.
Which phrase best completes the list?
Characteristics of the U.S. Economy
Free market with some government regulation
Competition between businesses encouraged
A. No centralized banking system
B. Banks owned mostly by the government
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Ο Ο
C. Tax rates set by private companies
D. Individuals and businesses given economic freedom
Answer:
d
Explanation:
I took the quiz
In the market for financial capital,
a. those who supply financial capital pay interest on loans.
b. those who demand financial capital receive interest on loans.
c. the demand for financial capital comes from savings, and the supply goes to making loans.
d. the supply of financial capital comes from savings, and the demand goes to making loans.
Answer:
d. the supply of financial capital comes from savings, and the demand goes to making loans.
Explanation:
Capital markets refer to the areas where deposits and investment are transferred between the capital providers and others in need of capital. Capital markets consist of the main market, where new shares are released and exchanged, and the secondary market, where already issued securities are exchanged by investors.
Tammy, a resident of Virginia, is considering purchasing a $100,000 North Carolina bond that yields 4.6% before tax. She is in the 35% Federal marginal tax bracket and the 5% state marginal tax bracket. She is aware that State of Virginia bonds of comparable risk are yielding 4.5%. However, the Virginia bonds are exempt from Virginia tax, but the North Carolina bond interest is taxable in Virginia. Tammy can deduct any state taxes paid on her Federal income tax return. In your analysis, assume that the bond amount is $100,000.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
Tammy, a resident of Virginia, is considering whether to purchase a $100, 000 North Carolina bond that yields 4.6% before tax. She is in the 35% Federal marginal tax bracket and the 5% state marginal tax bracket. Tammy is aware that State of Virginia bonds of comparable risk are yielding 4.5%. Virginia bonds are exempt from Virginia tax, but the North Carolina bond interest is taxable in Virginia. Tammy can deduct all state taxes paid on her Federal income tax return. In your analysis, assume that the bond amount is $100,000.If required, round your computations and answers to the nearest dollar. Determine the after tax income from each bond. Virginia Bond: $ 4, 600 North Carolina Bond: $ 4, 451 Which of the two options will provide the greater after-tax return to Tammy? Virginia bond
Solution :
Assuming that the bond amount is $100,000.
After the tax income from the Virginia bond is given by:
= 100,000 x 4.5%
= $ 4500
After the income tax from the North Carolina bond :
= (100,000 x 4.6%) x (1-5%) + (100,000 x 4.6% x 5% x 0.35)
= $ 4451
Therefore the Virginia bond will give an after tax higher return.
Kara files her income tax return 64 days after the due date of the return without obtaining an extension from the IRS. Along with the return, she remits a check for $15,400, which is the balance of the tax she owes. Note: Assume 30 days in a month.
Required:
Disregarding the interest element, enter Kara's penalty amount for each, failure to file and failure to pay.
Failure to pay________$
Failure to file________$
Answer:
failure to file :$2079
failure to pay:$231
Explanation:
given data
remits a check = $15,400
days in a month = 30
return = 64 days
solution
computation of Kara's penalty amount for failure to pay
failure to pay will be
failure to pay = 0.5% of tax owed × number of months .......................1
failure to pay = 0.5% × $15400 × 3
failure to pay = $231
and
Computation of Kara's penalty amount for failure to file
failure to file will be
failure to file = (5% of tax owed × number of months or part thereof) - failure to pay penalty .......................2
failure to file = (5% × $15400 × 3) - $231
failure to file = $2310 - $231
failure to file = $2079
On January 1, Year 1, a contractor began work on a $3.2 million construction contract that is expected to be completed in 3 years. The contractor concludes that it is appropriate to recognize revenue over time using the input method based on costs incurred (cost-to-cost method). At the inception date, the estimated cost of construction was $2.4 million. The following data relate to the actual and expected construction costs:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Costs incurred $720,000 $1,170,000 $1,110,000
Expected future costs $1,680,000 $810,000 $0
For this long-term construction contract, the contractor needs to calculate the estimated dollar values of the revenue and gross profit (loss) to be recognized each year. Complete the contractor's long-term construction contract using the information above. Write the appropriate amounts in the associated cells. Indicate losses by using a leading minus (-) sign. Round all amounts to the nearest dollar. If no entry is necessary, enter a zero (0).
Revenue Gross profit (loss)
Year 1
Year 2
Answer:
Revenue Costs Incurred Gross profit (loss)
Year 1 $768,000 $720,000 $48,000
Year 2 $1,248,000 $1,170,000 78,000
Year 3 $1,184,000 $1,110,000 74,000
Total $3,200,000 $3,000,000 $200,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Construction contract = $3.2 million
Completion period = 3 years
Estimated cost of construction = $2.4 million
Construction costs:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Costs
Costs incurred $720,000 $1,170,000 $1,110,000 $3 million
% of annual costs to total 24% 39% 37% 100%
Expected future costs $1,680,000 $810,000 $0
Annual Revenue $768,000 $1,248,000 $1,184,000 $3.2 million
Revenue Calculation:
Costs incurred/Total costs * $3,200,000
Revenue Costs Incurred Gross profit (loss)
Year 1 $768,000 $720,000 $48,000
Year 2 $1,248,000 $1,170,000 78,000
Year 3 $1,184,000 $1,110,000 74,000
Total $3,200,000 $3,000,000 $200,000
b) The revenue for each year is based on the costs incurred, as determined by the contractor.
Eric wants to invest in government securities that promise to pay $1,000 at maturity. The opportunity cost (interest rate) of holding the security is 13.80%. Assuming that both investments have equal risk and Ericâs investment time horizon is flexible, which of the following investment options will exhibit the lower price?
a. An investment that matures in four years
b. An investment that matures in five years
Answer:
The second option which 5 years to maturity exhibited a lower price of
$523.95
Explanation:
In order to ascertain the option with lower, it is important we determine the price of each investment based on the fact the price of an investment opportunity today is the present value of its future cash flow is the maturity value of $1000 in both cases:
a.
PV=FV/(1+r)^n
PV=price of investment
FV=future value=$1000
r= 13.80%.
n=4 years
PV=$1000/(1+13.80%)^4
PV=$596.25
b.
PV=FV/(1+r)^n
PV=price of investment
FV=future value=$1000
r= 13.80%.
n=5 years
PV=$1000/(1+13.80%)^5
PV= $523.95
A refrigerator costs $800 on an installment plan that requires a down payment of $140 and monthly payments for 12 months. What are the monthly payments of the plan?
Tom is comparing two printers for his small business. The purchase price for Printer A is $1,000, with maintenance and operations costs of $400. Printer B increases productivity by $100, and reduces the maintenance and operations costs by half. The expected lifetime value is one year for both printers. What is the economic value to the customer (EVC) of Printer B
Answer:
EVC = $1300
Explanation:
In this question, we need to find the economic value to the customer (EVC) of Printer B.
First of all we need to know the basics of Economic value of a product,
It is basically starts with evaluating the additional values of the product first which are associated with it and then, those values are added to the next best product in the market. In this case, Printer A is the next best product whose price is $1000.
We know that, Printer B increase productivity by $100
Reduce the maintenance and operations costs by half, which means $400/2 = $200.
Additional value of the product = $100 + $200
Cost of the next best product = $1000
So,
According to the EVC definition and understandings, we must add the additional values of the product to value of the next best product.
Hence,
EVC = $1000 + $100 + $200
EVC = $1300
The next dividend payment by Zone, Inc., will be $2.08 per share. The dividends are anticipated to maintain a growth rate of 6 percent forever. If the stock currently sells for $42 per share, what is the required return
Answer:
10.95%
Explanation:
According to the gordon growth model,
the value of stock (price) = dividend / required return - growth rate
42 = 2.08/ r - 0.06
42(r-0.06) = 2.08
2.08/42 = r - 0.06
r = 10.95%
When the economy is doing well, the financial market is also guaranteed to do well.
True
False
The following information is available for the adjusting entries. Accrued interest on the notes payable at year-end amounted to $4,000 and will be paid January 1, 2022. Accrued salaries at year-end amounted to $3,000 and will be paid on January 5, 2022. Supplies remaining on hand at the end of the year equal $3,800. Problem 3-9B Part 9 9. Record closing entries.
Question Completion:
Assume that Supplies were purchased during the year worth $13,000.
Record the adjusting entries.
Answer:
Adjusting Journal Entries on December 31, 2021:
Debit Interest Expense $4,000
Credit Interest payable $4,000
To record the accrued interest on the notes payable.
Debit Salaries Expense $3,000
Credit Salaries payable $3,000
To record the accrued salaries at year end.
Debit Supplies Expense $9,200
Credit Supplies $9,200
To record supplies expense for the year.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Supplies purchased = $13,000
Supplies at year-end = 3,800
Supplies consumed = $9,200 ($13,000 - $3,800)
b) Adjusting entries are journal entries done at the end of a financial period to ensure that expenses and revenues are matched to the period they occur instead of when cash is exchanged. This accords with the accrual concept and the matching principle of accounting.
The law firm of Furlan and Benson accumulates costs associated with individual cases, using a job order cost system. The following transactions occurred during July:
Jul. 3 Charged 175 hours of professional (lawyer) time to the Obsidian Co. breech of contract suit to prepare for the trial, at a rate of $150 per hour.
10 Reimbursed travel costs to employees for depositions related to the Obsidian case, $12,500.
14 Charged 260 hours of professional time for the Obsidian trial at a rate of $185 per hour.
18 Received invoice from consultants Wadsley and Harden for $30,000 for expert testimony related to the Obsidian trial.
27 Applied office overhead at a rate of $62 per professional hour charged to the Obsidian case.
31 Paid administrative and support salaries of $28,500 for the month.
31 Used office supplies for the month, $4,000.
31 Paid professional salaries of $74,350 for the month.
31 Billed Obsidian $172,500 for successful defense of the case.
Required:
A. Provide the journal entries for each of these transactions.
B. How much office overhead is over- or underapplied?
C. Determine the gross profit on the Obsidian case, assuming that over- or underapplied office overhead is closed monthly to cost of services.
Answer:
3-July
Dr Work in process 25,500
Cr Salaries payable 25,500
10-Jul
Dr Work in process 12,500
Cr Cash 12,500
14-Jul
Dr Work in process 48,100
Cr Salaries payable 48,100
18-Jul
Dr Work in process 30,000
Cr Consultant fees payable 30,000
27-Jul
Dr Work in process 26,660
Cr Office overhead 26,660
31-Jul
Dr Office overhead 28,500
Cr Cash 28,500
31-Jul
Dr office overhead 4,000
Cr Supplies 4,000
31-Jul
Dr Salaries payable 74,350
Cr Cash 74,350
31-Jul
Dr Accounts receivable 172,500
Cr Fees earned 172,500
31-Jul
Dr Cost of services 142,760
Cr Work in process 142,760
b. $5,840 Over applied
c. $35,580
Explanation:
Preparation of the journal entries for each of these transactions.
3-Jul
Dr Work in process 25,500
Cr Salaries payable 25,500
(170 hours ×150 per hour)
10-Jul
Dr Work in process 12,500
Cr Cash 12,500
14-Jul
Dr Work in process 48,100
Cr Salaries payable 48,100
(260 hours ×185 per hour)
18-Jul
Dr Work in process 30,000
Cr Consultant fees payable 30,000
27-Jul
Dr Work in process 26,660
Cr Office overhead 26,660
(170 hours +260 hours)*62
31-Jul
Dr Office overhead 28,500
Cr Cash 28,500
31-Jul
Dr office overhead 4,000
Cr Supplies 4,000
31-Jul
Dr Salaries payable 74,350
Cr Cash 74,350
31-Jul
Dr Accounts receivable 172,500
Cr Fees earned 172,500
31-Jul
Dr Cost of services 142,760
(25,500+12,500+48,100+30,000+26,660)
Cr Work in process 142,760
b. Calculation for the office overhead
Office overhead =(28,500+4,000)-26,660
Office overhead=32,500-26,660
Office overhead=$5,840 Over applied
Therefore the office overhead is $5,840 over applied w
C. Calculation to Determine the gross profit
Fees earned 172,500
Less Cost of services (136,920)
(142,760-5,840)
Gross profit $35,580
Therefore the gross profit will be $35,580