As mara adapts to the higher altitude, decreased Po2 in the alveoli can be seen.
The oxygen partial pressure drops in three stages before reaching arterial blood from 21 kPa (21%) in the atmosphere. First, the upper respiratory tract humidifies the inspired air, lowering the Po2 to approximately 19.7 kPa (148 mmHg) thanks to the saturated vapor pressure of water (6.2 kPa, or 47 mmHg)Po2 in the alveoli decreases.
other factors like:
Hematocrit increasesIn an effort to provide more oxygen to the blood, pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises. As a result, elevation-related increases in blood pressure are common.The rate of alveolar ventilation also goes up.Know more about partial pressure here: https://brainly.com/question/2828367
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Describe the similarities and differences between carbohydrates and the other three classes of biomolecules
Answer:
All are biomolecules, all are organic compounds, with C and H as essential elements, all have structural as well as functional roles.
Explanation:
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there is no doubt that obesity rates have risen dramatically in the united states. complete each sentence with an appropriate term.
The WHO conducted research that linked an increase in fast food sales to an increase in body mass index, and Americans are infamous for their fast food intake.
In America today, are obesity rates rising or falling?The adult obesity rate in the United States is now 42.4 percent, which is the first time the national rate has above the 40 percent threshold and another proof of the obesity rate issue in the nation. Since 2008, there has been a 26 percent increase in the national adult obesity rate.
When did America's obesity rate increase?When compared to the 1960s and 1970s, the prevalence of obesity increased dramatically over the following decades, rising from 5% in 1980 to 17% in children and from 13.4% in adults to 34.3% in 2008.
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activity 4. in a monohybrid cross of corn plants, purple seeds (p) are dominant to yellow (y). both parents in the original cross are homozygous. one has purple seeds, and one has yellow seeds. what is the genotype of the purple plant?pyyyppp
In a monohybrid cross of corn plants, purple seeds (p) are dominant to yellow (y). both parents in the original cross are homozygous. one has purple seeds, and one has yellow seeds.The genotype of the purple plant would be PP.
An organism's genotype generally refers to the genetic makeup of the organism. Each gene is represented by two alleles, also known as alternative forms of the gene.
When the same alleles represent a gene, such gene is said to be homzygous, but when the alleles are different, such genes are said to be heterozygous.
In this case, the purple seed allele is represented by P and the purple parent is said to be homzygous. Hence, the genotype would definitely be PP.
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for the rna molecule shown, write out the sequence of the bases on the template and nontemplate strands of dna from which this rna is transcribed.
The RNA molecule will be produced in an antiparallel manner, include uracil, and be complementary to the dna.The pattern would be: The RNA strand has same sequence also as non-template DNA strand
Nontemplate Strand:What Is It?Because its sequence should match that of new RNA molecule, the nontemplate thread is known as the coding strand.The nontemplate string for other genes on the same chromosome may be the DNA strand that acts as the template for one gene in the majority of animals.
What does a DNA non-coding strand do?The pro DNA strand of the a gene is called antisense.In a cell, messenger RNA (mRNA), that controls the synthesis of a protein, is produced using antisense DNA as a template.
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50 points
During telephase, the
A. Nuclear membrane breaks down
B. Spindle fibers reappear
C. Chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell
D. Chromosomes replicate
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
By telophase, the chromosomes are moved to opposite poles.
What is the total number of atp molecules produced through cellular respiration per molecule of glucose?.
Per molecule of glucose, cellular respiration results in the production of 38 atp molecules in total.
Do cells produce 36 or 38 ATP during respiration?As a result, a single molecule of glucose can produce up to 36 molecules of ATP throughout the process of cellular respiration. A series of procedures known as glycolysis converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, each of which has three carbons, and uses them to produce energy.
How is 38 ATP produced from glucose?Aerobic respiration results in a net ATP gain of 38 from one glucose molecule. The electron transport system's oxidative phosphorylation, the link reaction, the TCA cycle, and ATP produced during glycolysis are all included.
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which of these describes a strain? a.) muscle tissue grows uncontrollably b.) muscle fiber tears or stretches too far c.) muscle tissue doesn't grow from exercise d.) muscle tissue shrinks
The correct answer id option D
D muscle tissue shrinks
What is Muscle Tissue?
Animals have a specific tissue called muscle that contracts when activated, applying forces to various body parts. Muscle tissue is made up of sheets and fibers of muscle cells woven together
The muscle contracts in response to a signal coming from the outside world or a nerve impulse leaving the brain. The entire muscle contracts as soon as the nerve impulse reaches all of the muscular tissue's nerve cells, which happens virtually instantly.
Each muscle cell has a combination of actin and myosin-containing proteins at the cellular level. Whenever the signal to contract is received, these proteins move past one another. The cells' ends are attached to the filaments, which shorten the cell as they glide past one another. When a muscle contracts, a single cell can shrink by up to 70% of its original length, shortening the entire muscle.
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A patient with a poor diet showing symptoms of diarrhea, confusion, and discoloration of the skin suggests a possible.
A patient with a poor diet showing symptoms of diarrhea, confusion, and discoloration of the skin suggests a possible niacin deficiency.
What happens in niacin deficiency?A severe niacin deficiency causes pellagra which is a condition that causes dark, sometimes scaly rash on skin areas exposed to sunlight; bright redness of the tongue and constipation/diarrhea.
Pellagra defines systemic disease as resulting from a marked cellular deficiency of niacin and it is characterized by 4 "D's" that are as :diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death.
Nicotinamide is used to treat niacin deficiency because nicotinamide does not cause flushing, itching, burning, or tingling sensations, unlike nicotinic acid.
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Which lipids are long chains of fatty acids?
one molecule of glycerol.
What is the most important reason a cell exhibits tight transcriptional control over the regulation of gene expression?.
For most genes transcriptional controls are paramount. This makes sense because, of all the possible control points illustrated in Figure 7-5, only transcriptional control ensures that the cell will not synthesize superfluous intermediates.
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which of the following is a recommendation that could improve the breeding success of a colony
The selective breeding is a recommendation that could improve the breeding success of a colony.
Both dad and mom want long-time period pre-breeding care—what canine human beings name conditioning—to supply the exceptional offspring. This method normal veterinary care, screening for genetic problems, pre-breeding tests, and normal exercising and right nutrition.
Selective breeding (additionally known as synthetic selection) is the method via way of means of which people use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively broaden precise phenotypic traits (characteristics) via way of means of deciding on which normally animal or plant ladies and men will sexually reproduce and feature offspring together.
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In relation to their position in a food chain, what do plants and photosynthetic algae have in common?.
Both plants and photosynthetic algae are producers in relation to their position in a food chain.
Autotrophs, another name for producers, grow their own food. Every food chain's initial level is comprised of these. Plants or single-celled creatures are the majority of autotrophs. The majority of autotrophs produce their "food" (a nutrient called glucose) from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water through a process known as photosynthesis.
Algae are at the bottom of the food chain in an ecological sense. They mark the start of the process by which solar energy moves from biomass up the food chain to apex predators. This primary production is mostly due to phytoplankton.
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when a motor neuron sends only one ap to the neuromuscular junction, what would you observe in most muscles in vertebrates
When a nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction, hundreds of small vesicles (pouches) containing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are released from the axon tip into the synapse.
A synapse is formed when the tip of each axon comes into contact with a muscle fiber. A neuromuscular junction is a type of synapse that connects a motor neuron axon to a muscle fiber.
The musculature of vertebrates is often classified into three categories based on its microscopic structure: striated, cardiac, and smooth muscle. The involuntary, or autonomic, nervous system controls smooth and cardiac muscle.
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Next, you would like study the gene that you ligated into the plasmid in part b. From that experiment, which colonies should you select to culture for further experimentation?.
Blue colonies and a few White colonies are chosen to be cultured for future research.
Why do blue colonies outnumber white colonies?The substrates' unequal distribution could be the cause. It's possible that certain colonies formed earlier and produced more enzyme. You might have some mixed colonies or scarce substrate if colonies are very dense. An in-frame insert may also result in light blue.
What do the colonies in blue and white mean?White colonies, where X-gal is not hydrolyzed, indicate the presence of an insert in lacZ that prevents the formation of an active -galactosidase, whereas blue colonies suggest they may contain a vector with an uninterrupted lacZ (therefore no insert).
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describe the theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells. which two organelles are thought to be prokaryotes?
Studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are assumed to have originated from bacteria living in big cells, provide credence to the notion that eukaryotic cells arose from a symbiotic relationship of prokaryotes called endosymbiosis.
According to the dominant explanation, known as the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotes developed when an ancient Archaean cell fused with an aerobic, ancient bacterial cell (without actually eating it).
Eukaryotes are creatures whose cells contain nuclei Eukaryotes include all animals, all plants, all fungi, and many unicellular creatures. They are a part of the Eukaryota or Eukarya group of organisms, one of the three categories of life. The other two domains are represented by prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea.
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in a certain group of african people, 4% are born with sickle-cell disease, an autosomal recessive disorder. heterozygous individuals not only don't have sickle-cell disease, but also are resistant to malaria. if this group is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of the population is heterozygous and resistant to malaria?
A whopping 32% of people have the heterozygous malaria resistance gene.
A hereditary condition known as sickle-cell anemia is autosomal recessive. Blood cells in homozygous recessive individuals have the sickle shape. Contrarily, the sickle cell trait is exclusively carried by heterozygous people. The carriers do not experience malaria because they are immune to the parasites that cause it.
If 4% of people in an African population are born with sickle cell disease, therefore the population's proportion of heterozygous people who are malaria resistant will be:
Equilibrium is the Hardy-Weinberg formula.
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
p = frequency of the population's dominant allele
q is the population's prevalence of the recessive allele.
p² = the proportion of homozygous dominant people
q² is the proportion of homozygous recessive people.
2pq = the proportion of heterozygous people
Given that the square root of the homozygous recessive allele for this gene (q2) is 0.2 (20%) and the homozygous allele (q2) is 4%, or 0.04, then p should be 1-0.2 = 0.8 (20%).
Therefore, the percentage of heterozygous people is 2pq.2 (0.8 x 0.2) = 0.32 (32%).
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evaluate this statement: evolution is said to occur when new traits accumulate over time, increasing complexity.
While it is true that evolution happens as new features build up, it is not true that evolution exclusively happens at this point.
Why was the development of the wing such a significant step in insect evolution?Long before birds, bats, or pterosaurs, insects first ascended to the skies between 300 and 360 million years ago. With the aid of wings, they were able to colonize new habitats and ecological niches, and the Insecta swiftly became one of the most diverse and successful animal classes, a title they still maintain today.
What transpires anthropology when adaptive radiation is place?When a member of a species spreads out into other places, it is known as adaptive radiation. They develop characteristics that allow it in their new environments.
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explain why 37oc is the optimal incubation temperature for enzyme activity (i.e. what is the significance of using that temperature in the experiment)?
Answer:
These experiments indicate that incubation at 37 degrees C prior to separation improves the quality of leukocyte- and platelet-depleted red cells.
ubiquitination is one method used by cells to regulate protein levels. why do you think cells sometimes use this method of regulating protein levels rather than regulating the level of gene transcription/translation? what would happen in a cell with a mutated apc/c that fails to ubiquitylate germinin? explain your answer. what would happen in a cell with a mutated mdm2 protein that fails to ubiquitylate p53? explain your answer.
Ubiquitination is a process through which ubiquitin molecules are attached to protein substrates for protein degradation. It is one of the most important post translational modifications (PTMs) regulating the stability and functional activity of proteins.
Through a number of mechanisms, including the disruption of the MDM2-p53 interaction and the inhibition of its ubiquitin ligase activity, mutations in MDM2 can impair its capacity to degrade p53.
The regular operations of cells depend heavily on ubiquitination. The proteasome, which breaks down and recycles the substrates, is the target of this pathway's protein targeting. It performs a variety of tasks, including DNA repair, protein processing, immune response, cell signaling, and apoptosis, as was previously mentioned. Ubiquitination controls protein degradation (through the proteasome and lysosome), coordinates protein localization, activates and deactivates proteins, and modifies protein-protein interactions.
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what cellular macromolecules make up the complement pathway? what cellular macromolecules make up the complement pathway? carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins
Proteins are the biological macromolecules that make it up the complement pathway.
Each and every living thing contains organic molecules like lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.Large carbon-based structures make up these macromolecules.Through a chemical process known as dehydration synthesis, numerous smaller units, known as monomers, are joined together to form the macromolecules.
How do lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids differ from carbohydrates?Amino acid polymers make up proteins.Nitrogen is a part of the amino group that is connected to the -carbon atom in amino acids.The nitrogen in nucleic acids is found inside the nitrogenous bases, that make up nucleotides.Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up lipids and carbohydrates.
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Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between organisms and the environment? Group of answer choices Animal populations are controlled by abiotic characteristics only in the environment. Organisms are both influenced by the environment through biotic and abiotic characteristics and can change those characteristics through their own processes. Plants are only influenced by the abiotic environment and animals are only impacted by the biotic components of the environment. Animals do not have any impact on the abiotic characteristics of the environment.
The correct question about the relationship between organisms and the environment is that organisms are affected by the environment through biotic and abiotic characteristics and can change these characteristics through their processes.
Abiotic elements or spectacles are environmental elements that consist of inanimate objects and are very influential on the life of living things, such as air, wind, sunlight, degree of acidity, salt, humidity, temperature, and soil. Biotic elements or biological elements are environmental elements consisting of invisible humans, animals, plants, and small organisms.
These two elements are interconnected to form an ecosystem. So that plants or animals need biotic and abiotic elements. i.e. for example animals need oxygen to breathe and plants need sunlight to carry out photosynthesis.
The correct option is B.
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a drosophila larva that develops from an oocyte that has no bicoid mrna will have what developmental defect?
A Drosophila larva that develops from an oocyte that has no Bicoid mRNA will have a developmental defect : only posterior structure.
What is the order of Drosophila development?The Drosophila life cycle is divided into four stages namely embryo, larva, pupa, and adult. Like the eggs of other insects, it begins its development in an unusual way that is a series of nuclear divisions without cell division creates a syncytium. The early nuclear divisions are synchronous and rapid occurring every 8 minutes.
Embryogenesis in Drosophila is unique among model organisms as in that cleavage occurs in a multinucleate syncytium. 256 nuclei migrate to the perimeter of the egg, hence creating the syncytial blastoderm.
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Refer to Model 2. Study the bone arrangement in the bird and whale. Propose an explanation for
the similarity of elongated bone arrangement in the lower parts of the forelimb (metacarpals and
phalanges), given the differences in the animals?
how are the ranks going in end with the same the big animals
Some natural resources are renewable—nature produces them fast enough that humans can obtain valuable and useful supplies of a resource without depleting it. Other natural resources are nonrenewable—if we use the resource at a rate fast enough to matter to our economy, the resource will run out because use is much faster than natural production. What do we know about oil and coal?.
In sedimentary rock formations, which are collections of rock, dead plant and animal materials, and layers of silt, coal is a substance that is frequently present. One type of sedimentary rock that contains oil in its natural state is shale.
What ties coal and oil together?Oil and coal are both fossil fuels. That indicates that they were created from organic material, or things that were once living on Earth and covered in thick layers of rock. The decomposed material was eventually converted to coal or oil due to the increased pressure and heat brought on by the underlying rock over time.
What are the uses of coal and oil?The three fossil fuels that make up oil, coal, and natural gas account for 81% of all the energy used in the United States. We rely on those fuels to heat our homes, power our cars, supply electricity to us, and power manufacturing and industry.
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In animals, the life-prolonging benefits of energy restriction become evident when the diet provides enough food to prevent malnutrition and an energy intake of about _____ of normal.
When an animal's diet offers enough food to avoid malnutrition as well as an energy intake of around 70% of normal, the life-extending effects of energy restriction becomes apparent.
A dietary plan known as calorie restriction (also known as energy restriction or calorie restriction) lowers the amount of energy that is consumed from caloric foods and beverages without causing malnutrition. In addition to increased weight loss, severe calorie restriction also caused more bone loss. Although severe caloric restriction (800 kcal/day) is helpful for weight loss, its usage has been restricted because to documented adverse effects (such as hair loss and exhaustion). A unique kind of diet known as intermittent energy restrictions (IER) involves taking periodic breaks from eating food. Alternate-day fasting (ADF) & time-restricted eating are two examples of the various types of IER diets (TRF). The IER diet is regarded as an efficient way to lose weight in the literature.
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Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchandensis which identifies it as a hominin? big toe opposability larger body size shape of the hand bones perihoning chewing complex
Its cranium's form suggests that it is a bipedal station. Sahelanthropus's three limb bones have been described, and they do not only support habitual bipedalism
Sahelanthropus is grouped with hominins for what reason?Sahelanthropus may be the oldest known hominin, the group that includes modern humans, extinct human species, and all of our direct predecessors. Many believe that bipedalism was the turning point that diverted our ancestry from the apes in terms of evolutionary development.
Which of the following characterizes hominins?The closest relatives of contemporary humans are known as hominins. They comprise any species that emerged from the human ancestry after it split from the chimpanzee ancestry around 6 million years ago. Bipedalism is the primary characteristic of hominins.
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describe how acute leukemias can be differentiated through the use of phenotyping cells by using flow cytometry technology. include the flow cytometry methodology, instrument parts and how the instrument makes this differentiation possible.
Under a microscope, certain poisons can be detected on the leukemic cell's surface. These are typically antigens or markers found on the surface of white blood cells.
The clusters of differentiation (CD) markers are the name given to these antigens. Such indicators' existence or absence aids in the leukemia diagnosis.
The antigen patterns or molecules that a normal cell expresses on its surface define its maturity or type. To identify them, these markers have unique CD numbers allocated to them.
As a result of the flow cytometry, a diagnosis can be made by comparing the discovered CD counts to regular and abnormal cells. In leukemia, the cell surfaces of CD5, CD19, CD23, CD20, Kappa, and Lambda markers are typically present, whereas prognostic markers CD38 and D49d are also present.
A suspension of monodisperse single, unclumped cells is absorbed by flow cytometers, which then run the cells one at a time (single file) via a fluorescent light ray where every cell passes through, before being counted, sorted, and then described.
The fluidics, optics, and electronics are the three primary parts of a flow cytometer.
What is flow cytometer?
To recognize and measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles, a method known as flow cytometry is used. A fluid-suspended sample containing cells or other particles is delivered into the flow cytometer apparatus during this technique.
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The prompt contains several characteristics of cell transport. Which of these applies to facilitated diffusion?.
Facilitated diffusion is the process by which molecules move across the plasma membrane with the aid of membrane proteins like channels and carriers. These molecules move down a concentration gradient, which gives them the potential to diffuse into (or out of) the cell.
Passive transport is a subset of facilitated diffusion. Because the solution is travelling down the concentration gradient, assisted diffusion is still passive transport even when it incorporates transport proteins. The cell membrane can easily be traversed by small, nonpolar substances.image outcome.A case of enhanced diffusion is glucose transfer. The lipid bilayer of the membrane prevents glucose from passing through since it is a big, polar molecule. In order to pass through, it requires carriers known as glucose transporters.
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safing is a high-temperature, highly fire-resistance mineral batt material that is inserted between a curtain wall panel and the edge of the floor slab to block the passage of from one floor to the next.
Products made of Safing mineral wool insulation are intended for use in firestopping applications
what does fire resistance refers to ?
The amount of fire resistance a material exhibits is frequently determined by how long it can withstand a standard test fire.
Gypsum-based assemblies that are fire-resistant rated slow or stop the spread of fire, offer time for escape, and reduce fire damage. This passive fire resistance is provided for walls, ceilings, floors, and other building systems. According to the local building and fire codes, passive fire prevention measures are designed to stop the spread of fire and smoke for a brief period of time.
Products made of Safing mineral wool insulation are intended for use in firestopping applications such as construction joints, floor and wall penetrations, and perimeter fire containment systems.
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