The interaction between two waves that meet is called interference.
Interference is a phenomenon of wave interactions. When two waves meet at a point, they cancel each other out.
There are two types of interference, constructive and destructive.When the crests or troughs of two interfering waves meet, their amplitudes add up. This principle is known as constructive interference. When the opposite happens and it's called destructive interference. When the crest and trough of two interfering waves meet, one amplitude is subtracted from the other.Wave interference is a phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling through the same medium.Interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results from the net effect of two individual waves on the particles of the medium.Answer d. interference is the correct answer
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a beam of monochromatic light with a wavelength of 580 nm in air travels into water. what is the wavelength of the light in water? give your answer in nanometers
The wavelength of the light which travels from air to water is 436.09 nm
The wavelength of the light in air = 580 nm
The light travels from air to water is
μ = 4/3
The formula to find the wavelength of the light in the air can be found using the formula
ν = c/μ
It can be rewritten as
λₙ = λ₀ / μ
where λₙ is the wavelength of light in water
λ₀ is the wavelength of light in water
μ is the relative refractive index
Let us substitute the known values in the above equation, we get
λₙ = 580 x 10⁻⁹ / 1.333
= 436. 09 nm
Therefore, the wavelength of light in water is 436.09 nm
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what range of spring constant values will cause the motion of the system to have damped oscillation?
The range of spring constant values is less than 2√Km that will cause the motion of the system to have damped oscillation is given.
[tex]\beta =\left \{ {{y=2\sqrt{km} } \atop {y > 2\sqrt{km} }} \right.[/tex]
[tex]\beta =\left \{ {{b\leq 2\sqrt{Km}----under-damping }[/tex]
When b≤ 4mk, the damping constant, is low, the system oscillates while the motion's amplitude decays exponentially. Then this system is underdamped.After displacement, a body will oscillate on its own accord at its natural frequency. However, as the oscillation continues to lose amplitude, it eventually comes to an end.Non-conservative forces like friction within the oscillation system are what lead to the decrease in amplitude. The term "dissipative forces" also refers to the non-conservative forces.
The oscillations eventually stop if the friction between the box's surface and the floor is not ignored. The force that dampens the oscillation is referred to as the damping force.
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which type of galaxy is very difficult to see, but (astronomers recently realized) may be very common?
Although incredibly difficult to view, dwarf elliptical galaxies may be very widespread.
Do you know the truth about dwarf galaxy clusters?Dwarf On a smaller scale than conventional elliptical galaxies, elliptical galaxies seem to share much of the same global characteristics. They have an elliptical shape, little to no gas, and no signs of recent star formation.
what is The Milky Way is elliptical, ?The Night Sky is a massive cluster of stars, gas, and dust. Because it would appear to be a whirling pinwheel from top or bottom, this galaxy is known as a spiral galaxy. About 25,000 light-years from the galactic center, in one of the spiral arms, is where the Sun can be found.
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if a bowling ball and a ping pong ball both move with the same kinetic energy, which has the greater speed?
If a bowling ball and just a ping pong paddle both move using the same kinetic energy, then perhaps the two balls possess the same speed, in accordance with the question.
What does physics define as speed?The rate at which the position of an object shifts in any direction. Speed is defined as the ratio of the amount traveled to the time required to cover that distance. Speed is indeed a scalar statistic since it just has a direction and no magnitude.
Briefing:Kinetic Energy = 1/2mv²
Ping-pong balls are lighter than golf balls, hence they move faster, according to the same ball equation (KE).
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The complete question is-
If a golf ball and a ping-pong ball both I move with the same kinetic energy, which has the greater speed?
1). The two balls have the same speed.
2). The golf ball.
3). Cannot be determined.
4). The ping-pong ball.
1) why is star formation more likely to occur in cold molecular clouds than in regions where the temperature of the interstellar medium is several hundred thousand degrees?
Colder clouds are less resistant to gravity and therefore can collapse more easily because pressure is greater in heat & lower in cold stuff.
What is temperature explain?Temperature is a unit used to represent hotness or coolness on any of a number of scales, include Fahrenheit and Celsius. Temperature shows the direction of spontaneous heat transfer, which is from a region of high temperature to a cooler body.
What temperature is too hot for humans?People frequently cite a 2010 study that concluded the highest limit of safety would be a humid temperature of 35 C, or 95 F at 100% humidity or 115 F at 50% humidity.
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is only capable of pushing a car with a force of 800 n. how fast must the car be moving at the bottom of the hill so that his 800 n force will be just enough to get it to the top of the hill
It will depend on your frame of reference, assuming no energy is lost in the conversion of energy to motion.
Newton's first law asserts that an object in motion will remain in motion until acted on by a force. The car will remain in motion as long as the forces on it are balanced. However, we currently consider a motion to be moved relative to a frame of reference; depending on your perspective, the car could be traveling forward, backward, or not moving at all.
An external force is described as a change in mechanical energy, which can be either kinetic or potential energy in an item. External agents cause these forces. Friction, normal force, and air resistance are examples of external forces. Because stationery is simply a constant speed of 0. So the pace is constant.
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A stone is dropped from the upper observation deck (the Space Deck) of the CN Tower, 450m above the ground.
a) Find position function s(t) of the stone above the ground level at time t. Assume g=9.8 m/s2.
b) How long does it take the stone to reach the ground?
c) What is the impact velocity of the stone when it hits the ground? d) If the stone is thrown downward with a speed of 5m/s. How long does it take to reach the g
Since the acceleration of gravity can be considered a constant for this situation the below formulas can be derived:
The acceleration due to gravity value of 9.8 m/[tex]s^2[/tex] means that the velocity of a body falling freely changes by 9.8 m/s every second.
(a) acceleration = g = constant = -9.81 m/[tex]s^2[/tex] dv/dt
(b) velocity =[tex]V_0[/tex] -gt = ds/dt
(c) Position s=[tex]s_0[/tex]+[tex]V_0[/tex]t -1/2g[tex]t^2[/tex]
a) Therefore in this problem [tex]s_0[/tex]= 450 m and [tex]V_0[/tex] = 0, s(t) = 450 -1/2g[tex]t^2[/tex]
b) The time to reach the ground is found by solving the position equation for s=0 yielding 9.58 sec
c) The impact velocity is found by solving 2) for t= 9.58 sec yielding -94 m/s ( neg means down).
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a ball is shot from the ground straight up into the air with initial velocity of 42 ft/sec. assuming that the air resistance can be ignored, how high does it go?
A ball is shot from the ground straight up into the air with initial velocity of 42 ft/sec. Assuming that the air resistance can be ignored, how high does it go? The acceleration due to gravity is 32 ft per second squared.
The maximum height reached by the ball is 27.56 ft.
The given parameters;
initial velocity of the ball, u = 42 ft/s
acceleration of the ball, a = 32 ft/s²
The maximum height reached by the ball is calculated as follows;
v² = u²- 2gh
where;
v is the velocity of the ball at maximum height = 0
0 = u² - 2gh
2gh = u²
h = u^2/2g
h = (42)^2 / 2*32
h = 27.56 ft
Acceleration, price at which velocity modifications with time, in terms of both speed and route. A factor or an object transferring in a immediately line is elevated if it accelerates or slows down.
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A nonrelativistic electron and a nonrelativistic proton have the same de Broglie wavelength. Which of the following statements about these particles are accurate? (There may be more than one correct choice.)A) Both particles have the same speed.B) The electron has more momentum than the proton.C) The electron has more kinetic energy than the proton.D) Both particles have the same kinetic energy.E) Both particles have the same momentum.
A nonrelativistic electron and a nonrelativistic proton have the same de Broglie wavelength and both particles have the same momentum and the electron has more kinetic energy than the proton.
The electron is a subatomic particle with a bad standard electric charge. Electrons belong to the primary technology of the lepton particle's own family and are typically thought to be fundamental particles because they have no recognized additives or substructure.
For most realistic purposes, an electron is a structureless particle with an intrinsic angular momentum or spin. simply two numbers — the electron's mass and its electric price — gasoline the equations that describe its behavior. From this 'sensible electron' version, physicists constructed present-day microelectronics.
By using the best values for the wavelength and the scattering by a matter of tough X-rays and ?-rays, the radius of the electron is anticipated as approximately 2 × 10-10 cm.
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Suppose you were far from a planet that had a very strong gravitational field and you were watching a clock on the surface of the planet. During the time in which your own clock ticks out a time of 1 hour, how much time does the clock on the planet tick out?
Less than 1 hour (but more than zero)
The answer is: Less than 1 hour (but more than zero)
What is gravitational field?
In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to describe the effect of a massive object extending into the space around it and creating a force on another massive object. Gravitational fields are therefore used to describe gravitational phenomena and are measured in Newtons per kilogram (N/kg). It is therefore measured in square meters per second (m/s2).
In the original concept, gravity was the force between point masses. Borrowing from Isaac Newton, Pierre-Simon Laplace attempted to model gravity as a kind of radiation field or fluid. Since the 19th century, explanations of gravity have usually been taught in terms of field models rather than point attraction
In the field model, instead of two particles attracting each other, the particles distort space-time with their mass. This distortion is perceived and measured as a 'force' that moves in a certain way depending on the curvature of spacetime. And either gravity doesn't exist or gravity is an imaginary force.
Therefore, The answer is: Less than 1 hour (but more than zero)
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(a) if you move the particle of charge q from point a to point d, is the change in the electric potential energy of the three-particle system positive, negative, or zero?
Answer: The change in the electric potential energy of the three-particle system positive, negative, or zero is negatively charged particle
Reason:
The change in the electric potential energy of the three-particle system, when moved from A to D, is zero. The work done by the net electric force on the particle when moved from A to D is negative.
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by what factor must you increase the force you exert on the rope to cause the speed to increase by a factor of 1.90?
In order to raise the speed by a factor of 1.90, you must increase the force you apply to the rope by a factor of 3.61. the speed of a change in an object's location in any direction.
Speed is defined as the ratio of distance to the amount of time it took to cover that distance. Due to its lack of magnitude and merely having a direction, speed is a scalar number. A moving object is said to be moving at a variable pace when it travels a varying distance at regular intervals. Speed on average: The consistent force that results from dividing the whole distance travelled by an object by the total time it takes to traverse that distance is known as average force.
Velocity = (T/m)
V1 = (T1/m)^1/2
V2 = (T2/m)^1/2
v2 =1.9v1
1.9 = (T2/T1)^1/2
T2/T1 = 3.61
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Light is refracted through a diamond. If the angle of incidence is 30°, and the angle of refraction is 12°, what is the index of refraction?.
The index of refraction is 2.45
This can be found by Snell's law. This law is defined as
“The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant, for the light of a given color and for the given pair of media”. It is also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction.
The data given in the question is as follows;
Θi = 30°
Θr = 12°
μ = ?
The formula which is used here will be;
μ = [tex]\frac{sin i}{sin r}[/tex]
By putting values in the formula we will get the answer as follows
μ = [tex]\frac{sin 30}{sin 12}[/tex]
μ = [tex]\frac{0.5}{0.2079}[/tex]
μ = 2.45
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A student places her 420 g physics book on a frictionless table. She pushes the book against a spring, compressing the spring by 7.30 cm, then releases the book. What is the book's speed as it slides away?
The speed of the book as it slides away from the spring is 2 m/s.
What is speed?
Speed is the fastest movement.
The Potential energy of the compressed spring is also the energy needed for the book to slide away.
Using,
ke²/2 = mv²/2
ke² = mv²................. equation 1
Where k = spring constant, e = compression, m = mass of the book, v = speed of the book at which it slides.
make v the subject of the equation
v = √(ke²/m)........... Equation 2
From the question,
Given: k = 1250 N/m, e = 4 cm = 0.04 m, m = 500 g = 0.5 kg
Substitute these values into equation 2
v = √(1250×0.04²/0.5)
v = √(4)
v = 2 m/s
Hence, The speed of the book as it slides away from the spring is 2 m/s.
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Which of the following quantities are needed to calculate the numerical change in vapor pressure with change in temperature, using the Clausius Clapeytron equation? Assume that both the initial and final temperatures are known. Select all that apply.
To calculate the numerical change in vapor pressure with change in temperature, using the Clausius Clapeytron equation, change in enthalpy are needed.
What is the Clausius Clapeytron equation?
The Rudolf Clausius and Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron equation, which describes a discontinuous phase change between two phases of a single constituent, was created. The relationship between a liquid's temperature and vapour pressure is not a straight line.
For instance, the temperature of the system rises considerably more slowly than the vapour pressure in the water. This activity will be explained via the Clausius equation. The balance between a liquid and its vapour is determined by the system's temperature; a rise in temperature causes a subsequent rise in the liquid's vapour pressure.
The following is the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in thermodynamics:
ln(P₂/P₁) = ΔH/R(1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
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give me an everyday example of changes in momentum and the impulse required to do it.
Momentum is about every activity that involves motion. It is an essential concept of physics and is also used in everyday life
Simply is a quantity of motion. Here quantity is measurable because if an object is moving and has mass, then it has momentum. If an object does not move then it has no momentum. However, in everyday life, it has important but many people didn’t recognize it. Momentum is just about every activity that involves motion. It is an essential concept of physics. In sports, the momentum term is commonly used. Like, if a team has momentum then it is on the move and is going to take some effort to stop. But if a team has a lot of momentum then it is really on the move and is going to be hard to stop.
we can understand it with the help of an example, Cricket ball is much heavier than a tennis ball. Suppose we throw a cricket ball and a tennis ball, both with the same speed or velocity. It will be found that more force is required to stop the cricket ball which has more mass and less force is required to stop the tennis ball which has less mass. Therefore, we can say that the force required to stop a moving body is directly proportional to its mass.
Impulse and momentum are related by the Impulse-Momentum Theorem which states that IMPULSE IS THE CHANGE IN MOMENTUM OF AN OBJECT. When we throw two cricket balls of the same mass but with different speeds or velocities then it will be found that more force is required to stop that cricket ball that is moving at a higher speed or velocity than another with a lower speed or velocity. So, we can say that the force required to stop a moving body is also directly proportional to its velocity. Thus, the quantity of motion in a body depends on the mass and velocity of the body. Momentum is a vector quantity and takes place in the direction of velocity. SI unit of momentum is kilogram meters per second or kgs-1.
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Suppose you have a spring with a force constant of 37.5 N/m.
1) How much is the spring stretched, in meters, by an object with a mass of 0.445 kg that is hanging from the spring at rest? \DeltaX=
2) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy, in joules, of the 0.445-kg object when it descends this distance. \DeltaPE=
3) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the spring when it is stretched this amount. PEel=
4) Apparently, not all of the gravitational potential energy went into the potential energy of the spring. What happened to the rest of the potential energy?
A. The energy went into the kinetic energy of the mass on the spring.
B. The missing energy went into heat caused by friction or work from some other external force.
C. The calculation for the gravitational potential energy was incorrect - the acceleration due to gravity was not constant during this motion.
D. Not of these options are correct.
E. The calculation for the potential energy of the spring was incorrect.
1) The extension of the spring is 0.12 m
2) The distance is missing thus the gravitational potential energy can not be determined
3) The potential energy is given by 0.27 J
4) The energy that is missing is lost to friction.
What is the Hooke's law?According to the Hooke's law, the force that is exerted by an object on a spring is proportional to the extension as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded.
1) We have the following from the question and these would be used to solve the question.
F = mg =
m = mass of the object
g = acceleration due to gravity
F = 0.445 kg * 9.8 m/s^2
= 4.36 N
Thus;
F = Ke
F = force applies
K = force constant
e = extension
e = F/K
e = 4.36 N/37.5 N/m
e = 0.12 m
3) The change in the potential energy is given by;
W = 1/2Ke^2
W = 1/2 * 37.5 * ( 0.12)^2
W = 0.27 J
4) The missing energy went into heat caused by friction or work from some other external force.
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an open tank has the shape of a right circular cone (see figure). the tank is 8 feet across the top and 6 feet high. how much work is done in emptying the tank by pumping the water over the top edge? (the weight-density of water is 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.) ft-lb
The amount of work done in emptying the tank by pumping the water over the top edge is 163.01* 10³ ft-lbs.
Given that, the tank is 8 feet across the top and 6 feet high
By the property of similar triangles, 4/6 = r/y
6r = 4y
r = 4/6*y = 2/3*y
Each disc is a circle with area, A = π(2/3*y)² = 4π/9*y²
The weight of each disc is m = ρw* A
m = 62.4* 4π/9*y² = 87.08*y²
The distance pumped is 6-y.
The work done in pumping the tank by pumping the water over the top edge is
W = 87.08 ∫(6-y)y² dy
W = 87.08 ∫(6y³ - y²) dy
W = 87.08 [6y⁴/4 - y³/3]
W = 87.08 [3y⁴/2- y³/3]
The limits are from 0 to 6.
W = 87.08 [3*6⁴/2 - 6³/3] = 87.08* [9*6³ - 2*36] = 87.08(1872) = 163013.76 ft-lbs
The amount of work done in emptying the tank by pumping the water over the top edge is 163013.76 ft-lbs.
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which of the following is not a scale of measurement? a. ordinal b. nominal c. interval d. categorical
A scale of measurement - a. ordinal
Categorical not a scale of measurement.
Quantitative data are measured using interval or ratio scales, and categorical data are measured using nominal or ordinal scales.
As a result, based on the choices provided, the right response is d). categorical. All of the others are scales of measurement. There are four types of measurement scales: ratio, interval, ordinal, and nominal.
Categorical is a type of Data and not measurement.
Each scale of measurement has characteristics that dictate how the data should be analyzed. categorical rather than having a scale.
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The following images show the four terrestrial planets in our solar system. Rank these planets from left to right based on the atmospheric pressure at the surface, from highest to lowest.
Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury
Because of their compact, rocky surfaces akin to Earth's terra firma, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are together referred to as terrestrial planets.The four planets closest to the sun are those that make up the terrestrial planets.
What four qualities do terrestrial planets possess?The four innermost planets are known called terrestrial planets and have features like a moon, valleys, volcanoes, and craters, as well as a liquid heavy-metal core and at least one moon.
What distinguishes a terrestrial planet?Because of their compact, rocky surfaces akin to Earth's terra firma, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are referred to as terrestrial.
The four planets closest to the sun are the terrestrial planets.
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Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in security baggage
scanners, and why?
Answer :millimeter-wave
Explanation: Because, it uses low-energy non-ionizing radiation that releases thousands of times less energy than a cell phone.
TRUE/FALSE. during normal operation of a typical 120-volt appliance circuit, current flows through the hot, grounding, and neutral conductors.
FALSE: Current travels via the hot, grounding, & neutral conductors of a typical 120-volt appliance circuit during normal operation.
The statement is false
Explain the role of conductors.A substance or medium that permits energy to flow through it is known as a conductor or electrical conductor. When voltage is supplied, the electrical charge carriers—typically electrons or ions—in a conductor flow effortlessly from atom to atom.
Which four kinds of insulators are examples?Glass, plastic, rubber, air, & wood are a few popular types of insulators. To shield humans from the potentially harmful effects of power going through conductors, insulators are used. Electrical circuits can occasionally have exceedingly high and hazardous voltage levels.
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A simple pendulum is known to have a period of oscillation, t = 1. 55 s. Student a uses a digital stopwatch to measure the total time for 5 oscillations and calculates an average period t = 1. 25 s. Student b uses an analog wristwatch and the same procedure to calculate an average period for the 5 oscillations and finds t = 1. 6 s. Which period is more accurate, and why?.
The period calculated by Student a is more accurate because digital stopwatches are more precise and accurate than analog wristwatches.
What is stopwatch?
A stopwatch is a type of timepiece made to count the seconds between activation and deactivation. A stop clock is a sizable digital stopwatch made for distant viewing, such as in a sports stadium. In manual timing, a button is pressed to start and stop the clock. In a fully automatic time, sensors automatically trigger both starting and stopping. Two buttons just on case are typically used to operate the timing functions. The timer starts when the top button is pressed, and it stops when the button is pressed a second time, leaving the displayed elapsed time.
Digital stopwatches have the ability to measure time to the hundredth, or even thousandth, of a second, while analog watches measure time in seconds, minutes, and hours. The increased precision of the digital stopwatch will give a more accurate period for the pendulum oscillations.'
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a rigid assembly consists of three identical uniform bars with an extra mass attached to one of them, as shown. the assembly can spin freely in the vertical plane about the point connecting the bars. initially, the assembly is at rest in position a. the extra mass is then given a very slight disturbance. shortly after, the assembly is observed to be in position b. between positions a and b, the angular momentum of the system is
A rigid assembly consists of three identical uniform bars with an extra mass attached to one of them and the system's angular momentum is zero between locations A and B.
The rigid assembly conserves angular momentum because it can freely spin in the vertical plane about the point connecting the bars. Unless an external tension is applied, angular momentum, a vector quantity, is conserved.
The assembly's initial angular momentum is zero when it is in position A of rest since its linear momentum and distance from the axis of rotation are also zero.
Because there is no external torque operating on the system, when the extra mass experiences very little disturbance and the assembly moves to position B, its angular momentum stays constant.
As a result, the system's angular momentum is zero between locations A and B.
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A magnetic field near the ceiling points up and is increasing. Looking up at the ceiling, does the non-Coulomb electric field curl clockwise or counter-clockwise?clockwisecounter-clockwiseno curly Image for A magnetic field near the ceiling points up and is increasing. Looking up at the ceiling, does the non-Coulomb
A magnetic field near the ceiling points up and is increasing, looking up at the ceiling, the non-Coulomb electric field curl in the counter-clockwise
With the help of the right-hand thumb rule, where the thumb indicates the direction of the electric field, the middle finger indicates propagation and the index finger indicates the magnetic field, here the Non-coulomb electric field also is the rate of change of magnetic flux in a loop closed ( with a negative sign ). Since the here magnetic since here points upward so m the values of the electric field ( ε ) are increasing, which The direction of the electric field will be in a counter-clockwise direction.
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a single slit forms a diffraction pattern with monochromatic light. the fourth minimum of the pattern occurs at an angle of 35° from the central maximum. the angle at which the fifth minimum of the pattern occurs is closest to:
Given refraction by Siller, angular refraction for first order, for light with a wave length of 613 nanometers
How are diffraction and refraction different?When waves move from one medium to another, they can change direction, which is known as refraction. Wavelength and speed changes usually occur with refraction. The bending of waves around gaps and obstructions is known as diffraction. With increasing wavelength, more diffraction occurs.
What is the most accurate description of diffraction?Diffraction, a term, is the change that light goes through, especially as it passes by the edges of opaque bodies or through small apertures, giving the impression that the rays are being deflected. additionally: a corresponding change of other waves (like sound waves) or of moving particles (such as electrons).
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consider a sphere with a diameter of 20 mm and a surface temperature of 60°c that is immersed in a fluid at a temperature of 30°c and a velocity of 2.5 m/s. calculate the drag force and the heat rate when the fluid is (a) water and (b) air at atmospheric pressure. explain why the results for the two fluids are so different.
The results for the two fluids are so different because of the differences in their thermal and physical properties. Water has a much higher thermal conductivity than air, so it can transfer heat more quickly from the sphere to the fluid. Water also has a much higher density than air, so it can exert a greater drag force on the sphere.
What is atmospheric pressure?
The pressure within Earth's atmosphere is referred to as atmospheric pressure or barometric pressure (just after barometer). The definition of the standard atmosphere, or atm, is 101,325 Pa (1,013.25 hPa), which is equal to 1013.25 millibars, 760 mm Hg, 29,9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi. The Earth's average sea atmospheric pressure is roughly equivalent with one atm, or one atmosphere, and is measured in the atm unit. In most cases, the hydrostatic pressure brought on by the weight of the air just above measurement point is a close approximation of atmospheric pressure. Because there is less atmospheric mass at lower elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases as elevation rises.
(a) Drag Force:
The drag force on a sphere in water can be calculated using the drag equation:
F _ d = 0.5 * C _ d * ρ_f * V ^ 2 *A
Where C _ d is the drag coefficient for a sphere, ρ _ f is the fluid density, V is the fluid velocity, and A is the projected area of the sphere.
For water, C _ d = 0.47, ρ _ f = 1000 kg/m3, V = 2.5 m/s and A = 314.16 mm2.
Therefore, the drag force on the sphere is:
F _ d = 0.5 * 0.47 * 1000 * 2.5 ^ 2 * 314.16 = 371.2 N
Heat Rate:
The rate of heat transfer from the sphere to the fluid can be calculated using the following equation:
Q _ dot = h * A * ( T _ s - T _ f )
Where h is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the surface area of the sphere, T _ s is the temperature of the sphere, and T _ f is the temperature of the fluid.
For water, h = 4500 W/m2K.
Therefore, the rate of heat transfer is:
Q _ dot = 4500 * 314.16 * (60 - 30) = 4.4 x 10 ^ 6 W
(b) Drag Force:
The drag force on a sphere in air can be calculated using the same equation as for water:
F _ d = 0.5 * C _ d * ρ _ f * V ^ 2 * A
Where C _ d is the drag coefficient for a sphere, ρ _ f is the fluid density, V is the fluid velocity, and A is the projected area of the sphere.
For air, C _ d = 0.47, ρ _ f = 1.2 kg/m3, V = 2.5 m/s, and A = 314.16 mm2.
Therefore, the drag force on the sphere is:
F _ d = 0.5 * 0.47 * 1.2 * 2.5 ^ 2 * 314.16 = 31.2 N
Heat Rate:
The rate of heat transfer from the sphere to the fluid can be calculated using the same equation as for water:
Q _ dot = h * A *(T _ s - T _ f)
Where h is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the surface area of the sphere, T _ s is the temperature of the sphere, and T _ f is the temperature of the fluid.
For air, h = 30 W/m2K.
Therefore, the rate of heat transfer is:
Q _ dot = 30*314.16*(60 - 30) = 3.8 x 10^5 W
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a certain camera lens has a focal length of 175 mm. its position can be adjusted to produce images when the lens is between 180 mm and 210 mm from the plane of the film. over what range of object distances is the lens useful?
The useful range of object distances of the lens is 1.05 m and 6.3 m.
Focal length of the camera = 175 mm
Distance of Image 1 = i₁ = 180 mm
Distance of Image 2 = i₂ = 210 mm
Since the distance between the images is positive, hence we get real images.
Using thin lens equation,
= (1/f) = (1/i) + (1/o)
For image 1,
= (1/o₁) = (1/f) - (1/i₁)
= (1/o₁) = (1/175) - (1/180)
= o₁ = 6299.4 mm = 6.3 m
Similarly for image 2,
= (1/o₂) = (1/f) - (1/i₂)
= (1/o₂) = (1/175) - (1/210)
= o₂ = 1050 mm = 1.05 m
Thus, any object between 1.05 m and 6.3 m will be useful.
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Objects A and B interact with each other via both conservative and nonconservative forces. Let KA and KB be the kinetic energies, U be the potential energy, and Eint be the thermal energy. If no external agent does work on the objects then:
A. KA + U is conserved
B. KA + U + Eint is conserved
C. KA + KB + Eint is conserved
D. KA+KB+Uisconserved
E. KA +KB +U +Eint is conserved
Since both conservative and non-conservative forces are involved, so the sum of all of them will be conserved. The kinetic energy, potential energy and thermal energy all together is conserved in the system.
What is non-conservative force?
All forces that rely on the direction taken because microscopic effects depend on macroscopic phenomena are categorized as non-conservative forces. A non-conservative force, in other words, changes macroscopic motion into microscopic motion.
What is Thermal energy?
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, whereas thermal energy is the entire internal energy of a system's temperature.
Hence, the kinetic energy, potential energy and thermal energy all together is conserved in the system.
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how does it compare to the best vacuum that can be achieved on earth (10 −15atm−15atm )? how does it compare to the best vacuum that can be achieved on earth (10)? this is much less than the minimum value for the best vacuum. this is much greater than the minimum value for the best vacuum. this is approximately equal to the minimum value for the best vacuum.
This is much less than the minimum value for the best vacuum as the value of pressure for the given hydrogen atom is 2.76*10-16 pascal.
What is pressure?
Pressure is defined as the amount of force applied per unit area.If the surface is high the amount of pressure applied is low and vice versa. Thus pressure seems to inversely dependent on the amount of area on which the force is applied
As per the given information
Temperature = 20 K
Volume = 10-6 m3
PV = nRT
V = 10-6 m3
n = 1/NA ; NA = avegadro number = 6.022*1023
n = 1.66*10-24
R = 8.314 J/K/mole
T = 20K
P = 1.66*10-24*8.314*20 / 10-6
P = 2.76*10-16 pascal
Thus the value of pressure for the given hydrogen atom is 2.76*10-16 pascal which is much less than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
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