It happened because of her nervous system, which was initiated in the spinal cord.
What is a Nervous system?
The body's primary communication, controlling, and governing system. The nervous system is in charge of controlling and upholding homeostasis, together with the endocrine system. This system helps us to maintain in touch with our environment, both internal and external, through its receptors. The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia are the main organs that make up the nervous system.
What is the Spinal cord?
The spinal cord, which connects the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar portion of the vertebral column, is a long, thin, tubular tube consisting of nerve tissue. The cerebrospinal fluid-filled core canal of the spinal cord is enclosed by the backbone. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. In humans, the spinal cord starts at the base of the skull and travels via the foramen magnum before entering the spinal canal at the first cervical vertebra. Between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, the spinal cord comes to a stop.
Hence, it was initiated in the spinal cord.
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if you triple the distance between two point charges, by which factor does the force between the particles change?
Coulomb's Law states that the force exerted on two electrostatic force is inversely correlated to their square of distance. As a result, is if distance is quadrupled, it force will be nine times weaker.
What is the definition of force?The meaning of force in physics is: This press or pull on a massed object changes its velocity. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It does have a trajectory and a magnitude.
Which two types of force are there?Contact forces & react at a range forces are the two different types of forces. Your daily use of force is evident. Basically, push and pull are forces. You exert force on an object when you push against it or pull against it.
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if every sun-like star had an earth-like planet in an earth-like orbit, how many could be detected by a transit?
If every sun-like star had an earth-like planet in an earth-like orbit, then the transit would be 1 in 200.
Explain in detail.
The transit technique has been used to find the majority of known exoplanets. When a planet passes in front of an observer and a star, it is said to be transiting. When Venus or Mercury pass in front of Earth and the Sun, transits inside our solar system can be seen from the planet.Less than 1% of the stars Kepler will observe are located within 600 light-years of Earth. Kepler cannot witness the transits necessary to find planets the size of Earth from stars more than 3,000 light years away because to their faintness.To know more about Kepler here
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Once you set a ball rolling in a frictionless bowling alley, the force needed to keep it rolling is.
None of the options are appropriate in In a bowling alley with no friction, the force required to keep a ball rolling is minimal.
What does a frictionless encounter entail?What Is a Customer Experience Without Friction? Friction is any obstacle that slows down or dissatisfies a customer during their interaction with a business. The simplest definition of frictionless customer service is monitoring the customer journey and improving the customer experience.
Are smooth and frictionless synonymous?By frictionless, what do you mean? A frictionless surface is not possible since a smooth surface will have greater static friction than a rough surface because there will be more electromagnetic forces acting on both surfaces. Additionally, the author just wants to disregard friction on flat surfaces.
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true or false? an air-conditioning system changes the temperature of the air, but does nothing to clean the air
It is true that an air-conditioning system changes the temperature of the air, but does nothing to clean the air.
How does air conditioning system operate?An air conditioner is a system that is used to cool down a space by removing heat from the space and moving it to some outside area. The cool air can then be moved throughout a building through ventilation.
The air-conditioning system helps keep our environment to our desired temperature. Cooling is generally achieved in the air conditioning system through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is employed.
Therefore, it can be said that an air conditioner only regulates ambient temperature but does not purify the air.
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when an inductor and a resistor are connected in parallel, how many degrees out of phase are the current flow through the resistor and the current flow through the inductor?
Its current flow through resistor and the flow of current through the inductor are 90 degrees out of phase whenever an inductor and just a resistor are coupled in parallel.
What is a resistor used for?An resistor is an electrical component that regulates or limits the amount of electrical current that can flow through a connection in an electronic gadget. Resistors can be used to deliver a certain voltage to the an active element like a transistor.
What is resistor and its unit?The electricity cannot travel because a resistor, a weak electrical component, introduces resistance. Almost all circuits or electrical networks have them. Resistance is measured in ohms ().
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a certain kind of glass has an index of refraction of 1.650 for blue light of wavelength 430 nm and an index of 1.615 for red light of wavelength 680 nm. if a beam containing these two colors is incident at an angle of 30.00° on a piece of this glass, what is the angle between the two beams inside the glass?
The angle between the two beams inside the glass is 0.38⁰.
What is the angle between the two beams inside the glass?The angle between the two beams inside the glass is calculated by applying the following formula.
Let the angle of refraction of the red light = θ₁
Let the angle of refraction of the blue light = θ₂
The difference in the angle of refraction of the red light and the blue light is calculated as;
Δθ = θ₁ - θ₂
Δθ = arc sin(sinθ₁ / n₁) - arc sin(sinθ₂/n₂)
where;
n₁ is the refractive index of the red light n₂ is the refractive index of the blue lightΔθ = arc sin(sin30 / 1.615) - arc sin(sin30/1.650)
Δθ = 0.376⁰
Δθ ≈ 0.38⁰
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magnetic resonance imaging needs a magnetic field strength of 1.5 t. the solenoid is 1.8 m long and 75 cm in diameter. it is tightly wound with a single layer of 2.0-mm-diameter supercon- ducting wire. what size current is needed?
The current required for MRI of strength has 5.67A.
A patient is positioned inside a large magnet for the purpose of obtaining an MRI image, and they are required to maintain extreme stillness throughout the imaging procedure to prevent image blurring.
A patient may receive intravenous contrast materials (often containing the element gadolinium) before or during the MRI to hasten the rate at which protons realign with the magnetic field.
The image becomes brighter as the protons realign more quickly.
B=1.5T
l=1.8m
a=2mm=0.02m
[tex]i=\frac{2dB}{y}[/tex]
=2 x 0.02 x 1.5/1.8
=5.67A
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a 34 kg child is riding a playground merry-go-round that is rotating at 15 rev/min. what centripetal force must she experience to stay on the ride if she is 1.2 m from its center?
100.56N to maintain her position. A force that causes a body to maintain a curved path is known as a centripetal force. .
What is the centripetal force calculation formula?The formula for centripetal force is supplied by the mass, velocity, and radius. f c = m v 2 / r. Where m = mass; v = velocity; and r = radius, fc = centripetal force. We must be aware that this formula resembles the traditional formula for the force in several ways.
Briefing:Given
The child's mass= (34 kg)
Weight (mg)= (34x9.8=333.2N)
And distance from the center
(w=215/60=1.570),
The distance from the center is 1.2 meters.
She applies centripetal force of
F=m(w)*2xr
F=34x(1.570)*2x1.2
F=100.56N to maintain her position.
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The light energy that falls on a square meter of ground over the course of a typical sunny day is about 20 MJ . The average rate of electric energy consumption in one house is 1.0 kW .
Part A got answer for part A and is correct
On average, how much energy does one house use during each 24 hr day?
Express your answer using two significant figures.
=86 MJ
Part B
If light energy to electric energy conversion using solar cells is 15%efficient, how many square miles of land must be covered with solar cells to supply the electrical energy for 250,000 houses? Assume there is no cloud cover. A=___________mi^2
86.4×10^6 joule is energy does one house use during each 24 hr day.
20 MJ of light energy
Consumption of electricity is 1 kW.
The energy consumption lasts for 24 hours.
energy=power×time
energy=10^3×24×3600
energy=86.4×10^6 joule
Energy in physics is the ability to perform work. Different shapes, such as potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, radioactive, etc., may be assumed by it. Other examples of energy being transferred from one body to another include heat and work. Energy is always distributed after it has been transported in accordance with its type. Thus, heat transfer could result in thermal energy, whereas work could result in mechanical energy.
Motion is a trait shared by all forms of energy. For instance, if a body is moving, it has kinetic energy. Due to the object's design, which incorporates potential energy, a tensioned object, like a spring or bow, has the ability to move even when at rest.
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The expansion of the universe after its origin takes place by a phenomenon called.
Expansion of the universe after its origin takes place by a phenomenon called inflation.
What is inflation?In physical cosmology, a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe is called inflation.
Prior to the Big Bang, the universe underwent a breathtaking cosmic expansion, doubling in size in a fraction of a second. This rapid inflation, fueled by energy that permeated empty space and left the universe desolate and cold.
The Big Bang theory explains how the universe got from the hot dense state of the early universe to the cold dense state whereas cosmic inflation is an explanation of some properties of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
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a particle p moves with simple harmonic motion. state, with reference to motion of p, what is meant by simple harmonic motion
Answer:
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force on the moving particle is proportional to the magnitude of the objects displacement and acts towards the particle's equilibrium position.
Explanation:
two charged particles 1 m apart exert a 1-n force on each other. if the magnitude of each charge is doubled, the force on each particle will be
4F will be force if the magnitude of each charge is doubled,
F=q1q2/r²
F1=2q12q2/r²= 4F
An object experiences a push or a pull when it interacts with another thing. When two items come into touch, a force is applied to each object. The force between the two items is gone after the encounter. Forces do not exist independently; they are only interactions.
Contact forces are produced when two things interact and appear to be in physical contact with one another. Frictional forces, tensional forces, normal forces, air resistance forces, and applied forces are a few examples of contact forces. Action-at-a-Distance forces are still there even when two interacting objects are separated from one another by a great distance.
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if the coefficient of kinetic friction between tires and dry pavement is 0.83, what is the shortest distance in which you can stop an automobile by locking the brakes when traveling at 21.2 m/s ?
The shortest distance required to to stop the automobile by locking the brakes is 27m.
The coefficient of friction is 0.83 between tires and dry pavement.
We have to find the shortest distance in which the automobile should come to stop from 21.2m/s.
The net acceleration of the automobile is,
a = Fr/m
Fr is the frictional force,
m is the mass of the body,
a= ug
g is the gravitational acceleration.
Putting values,
a = 0.93 x 9.8
a = 8.31 m/s².
Now, using the equation of motion,
V² - U² = 2as
s is the stopping distance,
V is the final speed,
U is the initial speed,
a is the acceleration of the automobile.
Putting values,
(21.2)² = 2 x 8.13 x s
s = 27m.
So, the stopping distance of the automobile is 27m.
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which properties of our universe are well-explained by the standard big bang model, and which properties are not well-explained?
The universe's mass-energy density would be similar to the critical density based on the characteristics, which are comparative abundances of the exceptionally light elements.
What are properties in science?Properties are the features that allow us to distinguish between different types of materials. A feature of material that is unrelated to its chemical makeup is called a physical property. Attributes include things like density, color, hardness, melting and liquid and a gas, and electrical conductivity.
What do you mean properties?Anything that a individual or a company has legal ownership is considered property. Property can relate both to real objects, like homes, automobiles, or appliances, as well as intangible items with the potential for future value, like stock and bond certificates.
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) suppose the distance to the moon were twice its actual value. could we still have solar eclipses? if so, what type(s)?
Answer:
I think we still could have solar eclipse but with it blocking sun by being more small
What can happen to solar radiation when it enters Earth’s atmosphere?
When solar radiation is enters Earth’s atmosphere it absorbed or reflected as it travels to the earth's surface.
What is Solar Radiation?The electromagnetic radiation that the sun emits is known as solar radiation, sometimes referred to as the solar resource or just sunshine. With the use of various technologies, solar radiation may be absorbed and converted into usable forms of energy like heat and electricity.
When solar radiation penetrates the earth's atmosphere, it travels and collides with the ground. The earth absorbs some of the rays, while the remainder are reflected back into the atmosphere. A layer of gas called a blanket of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorbs some of the reflected rays, while a minute fraction escapes back into space.
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using the procedure in this experiment explain how the measured density of a substance is affected for each of the following: will the density be falsely high or falsely low? a. When weighing a volumetric flask full of water, a student does not notice that the outside of the flask is wet.
b. When weighing an empty beaker, a student does not notice that there is some water inside
For (a) effect on density when weighing volumetric flask full of water, is that it comes out to be falsely high.
For (b) effect on density when weighing an empty beaker, the density of water would be falsely low.
Now, let's see the given two cases:
(a) If when weighing the flask full of water, there are some droplets of water on the outside, we realize that these droplets would contribute to the mass being measured, but would not be factored in the volume of water (which is the volume of the flask). Hence, the mass in the expression above would be larger than expected.
The effect on the density is that it would turn out to be falsely high.
(b) In this case, we are at the stage of the procedure where we have emptied the beaker and need to ascertain its mass. The purpose for this step is to find out the mass of the water alone. We would subtract the mass of the beaker alone from the mass of the beaker with water. Now, if there is some little water inside the beaker which the student assumes to be empty, the mass of the beaker alone would turn out slightly higher than is true. Hence, the mass of the water alone would in turn come out to be slightly lower than accurate.
Now, Observing the formula for density, the mass would be smaller than accurate, and the density of water would be falsely low.
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what total volume of steel can be used in making the drum if the gasoline-filled drum is to float in fresh water?
The total volume of steel can be used in making the drum if the gasoline-filled drum is to float in fresh water is 9 L
How to calculate total volume of steel can be used in making the drum if the gasoline-filled drum is to float in fresh water?The space occupied within an object's borders in three dimensions is referred to as its volume. It is referred to as the object's capability on occasion.
Assuming that gasoline has a density of 750 kg/m3 and steel has a density of 7800 kg/m3 as the density of gasoline is not specified.
There are 2 constraints: 1. volume of steel + volume of gasoline = volume of water and at the threshold of sinking, 2. mass of steel + mass of gasoline = mass of water
240L * 1m³ / 1000L = 0.240 m³
first: Vs + Vg = Vw = Vs + 0.240m³
second: ρs*Vs + ρg*Vg = ρw*Vw → substitute for Vw, Vg and all the densities
7800*Vs + 750*0.240 = 1000*(Vs + 0.240) (7800 - 1000)*Vs = 240 - 750*0.240 Vs = 60 / 6800 = 0.00882 m³ = 8.82 L ≈ 9 L
Therefore total volume of steel can be used in making the drum if the gasoline-filled drum is to float in fresh water is 9 L
The complete question is : Because gasoline is less dense than water, drums containing gasoline will float in water. suppose a 240-l steel drum is completely full of gasoline. part a what total volume of steel can be used in making the drum if the gasoline-filled drum is to float in fresh water?
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a distant quasar shows a large redshift -- one so large, in fact, that the features we now see in the visible-light region of the spectrum would be invisible to us, were it not for the redshift. what band of the electro-magnetic spectrum were these features most likely in, before the spectrum was redshifted?
Answer:
Explanation:
considering higher frequencies, what is the next frequency that will be canceled out upon reflection with this distance between rows?
283.33Hz is the next frequency that will be canceled out upon reflection with this distance between rows.
How might you define frequencies?The number of waves that pass through a fixed location in a specific amount of time is known as frequency. As a result, if a wave travels for 1/2 second, the frequency is 2 per second. 100 times per hour is the frequency if it takes 1/100 of an hour.
Given,
L = 1.5
n = 2
Vs = 340
By using following formula calculate λ:
L = (n+1/2)λ/2
1.5 = (2+1/2)λ/2
1.5 = 5λ/4
λ = 1.5×4/5
λ = 1.2
By using following formula calculate frequency:
Vs = fλ
f = 340/1.2
f = 283.33Hz.
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If you are parking with your vehicle facing uphill on a road with a curb, you should turn your wheels in what direction?.
When you park and your vehicle is facing uphill and there is no curb, your wheels should be turned so that they point towards the side of the road .
If your vehicle rolls backward since , it is on a hill and it can roll back , you don’t want it rolling into traffic.So you would turn your wheels towards the road so if the car rolls back it will go onto the ditch, or onto someone’s lawn and not into moving traffic.If it ended up getting into the traffic it will be more dangerous for your car as well as for the other cars as it will increase the possibility of accident and cars can get damaged and you also will probably be held liable for the damage to the other car as well, so it is better if it rolls off of the roadway .To know more about curbs visit:
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The need to extend the model A. The circuit at right contains three identical bulbs and an ideal battery. Assume that the resistance of the switch, when closed, is negligible. Use the model we have developed to Ope Sw * predict the relative brightness of the bulbs in the circuit with the switch closed. Explain. predict how the brightness of bulb A changes when the switch is opened. Explain in Show that a simple application of the model for current that we have developed thus far is inadequate for determining how the brightness of bulb B changes when the switch is opened B
The brightness of a bulb connected to two parallel cells is equivalent to that of a bulb connected to one cell. The voltage is 1.5 V in both instances.
The lifespan of two parallel cells is double that of a single cell. A bulb with two cells connected in series will be brighter but last the same amount of time as one cell. shutoff switch Shorting off bulb A from the circuit. As a result, the overall resistance is reduced, the current is raised, and bulb D becomes brighter. So, turn off all 4 switches to boost D's brightness. The amount of electricity passing through the bulb determines how bright it is. The brightness would grow when the current was raised. As current increases, the brightness of the light the bulb emits also increases.
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if the work done by a battery to move a unit charge through the battery from one terminal to the other is doubled, what is the effect on the battery's emf?
The emf is doubled
The change in electric potential energy of a charge is equal to the work done by a battery to carry a unit charge across the battery from one terminal to the other, hence it may be expressed as
w=qΔV
where
The charge is q.
ΔV is the difference in potential that the charge has traveled through.
The potential difference is equal to the battery's emf because the charge is flowing through the battery e, which means.
W=qe (1)
We are informed in this issue that the battery's output has increased, so
w'=2W
We can see from eq. (1) that the battery's emf is proportional to the work performed; as a result, when the work doubles, so does the battery's emf.
What is potential difference?
The difference in charge carriers energy between two places in a circuit is known as the potential difference.
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If one of the rocks that you were analyzing for density suddenly split in two, and you were only able to measure the mass and volume of a smaller piece, would that change the outcome of your calculation?.
The answer is C) No, and that is called an intensive property.
What is mass?mass is a very large amount of number or something.
Intensive properties are those that do not depend on the mass or size of a body. If the system is divided into several subsystems its value will remain unchanged, therefore they are not additive
Examples of intensive properties are elasticity, speed, specific volume (volume occupied by the unit of mass), density, boiling point, melting point, viscosity, hardness, concentration, solubility, odor, color, taste, conductivity, porosity, pressure, temperature, etc., in general, all those that characterize a substance distinct from others.
For instance if we have a liter of water, your boiling point is 100 °C (at 1 pressure atmosphere). If another liter of water is added, the new system, made up of two liters of water, has the same boiling point as the original system. This illustrates the non-additivity of intensive properties.
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a circular curve of highway is designed for traffic moving at 60 km/h. (a) if the radius of the curve is 150 m, calculate the correct angle of banking of the road. (b) if the curve were not banked, calculate the minimum coefficient of friction between tires and road that would keep traffic from skidding at this speed.
The angle of banking of the road is 11° and The minimum coefficient of friction between tires and road is 0.19
The attached free-body diagram to the query illustrates the forces operating on the car if the road is banked at an angle without utilizing friction (i.e., frictionless road).
mg = N cos θ (Eqn 1)
mg = weight of the car.
N = normal reaction of the plane on the car
And in the direction parallel to the inclined plane,
(mv²/r) = N sin θ (Eqn 2)
(mv²/r) = force keeping the car in a circular motion
Divide (Eqn 2) by (Eqn 1)
(v²/gr) = Tan θ
v = velocity of car = 60 km/h = 16.667 m/s
g = acceleration due to gravity
r = 150 m
(16.667²/(9.8×150)) = Tan θ
θ = Tan⁻¹ (0.18896)
θ = 10.7° ≈ 11°
b) In the absence of banking, the force maintaining the car in a circular motion must be balanced by the frictional force of the road.
That is,
Fr = (mv²/r)
Fr = μN = μ mg
μ mg = mv²/r
μ = (v²/gr) = (16.667²/(9.8×150)) = 0.19
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consider a piezoelectric common rail injector. what happens to the actuator when current is initially applied to the crystals?
According to the piezoelectric actuator's operating principle, when voltage is applied, the piezoelectric actuator produces a little displacement with a large amount of force.
As a result, they are utilized in a variety of applications such as ultra-precize positioning, high force handling, and force generating under fixed or dynamic settings. The Piezoelectric Injector is crucial to the operation of contemporary common rail technology. In Piezo diesel injectors, when an electrical voltage is applied, Piezo crystals slightly expand, changing their structural properties in less than a thousandth of a second. Electric potential difference between two sites is referred to as voltage, also known as electric pressure, electric tension, or (electric) potential difference. The work required to transport a unit of charge in a static electric field correlates to this.
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find q1 , the volume of fluid flowing into the pipe per unit of time. this quantity is also known as the volumetric flow rate. express the volumetric flow rate in terms of any of the quantities given in the problem introduction.
The q1 is the pipe diameter, v is the velocity of the fluid, and π is the constant 3.14.
What is velocity?
When an object is moving, its velocity is indeed the direction it is moving in as a measure of how quickly its position is changing as seen from a specific point of view and so as measured by a specific unit of time, such as 60 km/h in a northerly direction. Kinematics, the area of classical mechanics which studies how bodies move, uses the concept of velocity as a fundamental building block. It takes both direction and magnitude to define velocity, a physical vector quantity. Speed is a coherent derived unit that expresses the scalar absolute value (amplitude) of velocity. Its quantity is expressed in SI (metric system) units of meters per second (m/s or ms1). The terms "5 metres per second" and "5 metres per second east," for instance, denote scalar and vector, respectively.
The volumetric flow rate can be expressed in terms of the pipe diameter, the velocity of the fluid, and the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
Volumetric flow rate = (cross-sectional area)(velocity)
Volumetric flow rate = (π x (q1/2)²) x v
where q1 is the pipe diameter, v is the velocity of the fluid, and π is the constant 3.14.
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the sun is a little over 100 times larger than the earth. so, if the earth was the width of a paperclip, then the sun would be
If the Sun is around 100 times larger, then 100 times the width of a paperclip is about a meter or 3 feet or the height of a standard table.
Our Sun is 864,000 miles in diameter and 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit on the surface whereas 7,917.5 miles in diameter and 57 degrees Fahrenheit on surface.
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. Its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, comprising about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V).The central mass became so hot and dense that it eventually initiated nuclear fusion in its core.
Earth is the third planet from the Sun. The atmosphere of the Earth consists mostly of nitrogen and oxygen.It is the densest planet in the Solar System.
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Disk A, with a mass of2.0 kgand a radius of90 cm, rotates clockwise about a frictionless vertical axle at30rev/s. Disk B, also2.0 kgbut with a radius of40 cm, rotates counterclockwise about After the collision, what is magnitude of their common angular velocity (in rev/s)? that same axle, but at a greater height than disk A, at30rev/s. Disk B slides down the axle until it lands on top of disk A, after which they rotate together. Part B In which direction do disks rotate after the collision?
The negative sign indicates that the rotations are clockwise i.e. -872.206rad/s
We are given that,
Mass A = m = 2.0kg
Radius A = r = 90cm
Radius B = 40cm
Let's apply the idea of angular number conservation to the rotation of a disc. We construct a system composed of the two discs, where the forces that last the shock are internal at the beginning.
L₀ = I₀ w₀ + I₁ w₁
Thus the instate final. Right after crash
Lf = (I₀ + I1) w
angular momentum is conserved
I₀ w₀ + I₁ w₁ = (I₀ + I₁) w
w = I₀ w₀ + I₁ w₁ / Io + I1
The moment of inertia of a disk with an axis passing through its thermometric center can be calculated by ,
I₀ = ½ m² r₀²
I₁ = ½ m₁ r₁
I₀ = ½ 2.0 × 0.90²
I₀ = 0.81 kg. m
I₁ = ½ 2.0 0.4²
I₁ = 0.16 kg .m
Therefore ,let's reduce the magnitudes the SI system
w₀ = -40rev / (2πrad / 1rev) = -251.2rad/s
w₁ = 90rev (2πrad / 1rev) = 565.2 rad/s
we will assume that the counterclockwise turns are positive
w = (-0.81) (251.2) + (0.16)(565.2) / (0.81 + 0.16)
w = (- 203.47 + 90.432)/ .1296
w = - 113.038/.1296
w = - 872.206rad/s
The negative sign indicates that the rotations would be in clockwise direction.
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when acetylcholine binds postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, each receptor causes its own postsynaptic voltage change, which is called an end-plate potential. the summation of the end-plate potentials represents the membrane potential. the synaptic acetylcholine concentration influences the amplitude of end-plate potentials.
An ion pore is created in the receptor as a result of a conformational shift brought on by the binding of two acetylcholine molecules to a nicotinic AchR.
Acetylcholine binds to the nicotinic receptors localized on the motor end plate, a specific region of the post-synaptic membrane of the muscle fiber. The nicotinic receptor channels open as a result of this binding, allowing sodium ions to pass into the muscle fiber. Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft after being released from synaptic vesicles and binds to acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. The acetylcholine receptor is a pentameric protein made up of five subunits. Acetylcholine binds to the nicotinic receptors concentrated on the motor end plate, a specific region of the post-synaptic membrane of the muscle fiber. The nicotinic receptor channels open as a result of this binding, allowing sodium ions to pass into the muscle fiber. The adrenal cortex contains nicotinic cells, which produce hormones. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are all nicotinic.
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