Imagine that we are interested in studying genetic and environmental influences on psychedelic mushroom consumption. For a group of twins, pairwise concordance is defined as C/(C+D), where C is the number of concordant pairs and D is the number of discordant pairs. In a study of 50 MZ twin pairs:

There are 2 pairs for which both twins have consumed mushrooms.
There are 38 pairs for which neither twin has consumed mushrooms.
There are 10 pairs for which only one of the twins has consumed mushrooms.

Required:
What is the MZ pairwise concordance rate?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

0.24 or 24 %

Explanation:

We know that from the given :

Pairwise concordant = [tex]$\frac{C}{C+D}$[/tex]

   Here, C = concordant pairs

             D = discordant pairs

Basically concordant pairs = both of twins consumed mushroom( [tex]$C_1$[/tex] ) + One of the twins consumed mushrooms ( [tex]$C_2$[/tex] ).

Concordant pairs = [tex]$C_1 +C_2$[/tex]

                            = 2 + 10

                            = 12

And in discordant pair, none of the pair consumed mushroom = 38

Therefore, pairwise concordance    = [tex]$\frac{12}{12+38}$[/tex]

                                                            [tex]$=\frac{12}{50}$[/tex]

                                                           = 0.24


Related Questions

Eddie stated the picture shows potential energy being transformed to kinetic energy. Val stated that it shows chemical energy being transformed to mechanical energy. Which best explains who is correct?

Answers

Answer:

Val stated that it shows chemical energy being transformed to mechanical energy. Which best explains who is correct? Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy.

Answer:

(100%) The answer for the whole quiz is;

A, A, A, C, C, D, A, C, B, C

Explanation:

I've done the quiz. But the answer for this one is just C.

"Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy. "

The Pew Oceans Commission suggests four calls to action. What are they?

Answers

Answer:

Pew Welcomes Global Ocean Commission's Recommendations for High Seas Conservation. ... Convention on the Law of the Sea to restore ocean productivity; guard against irresponsible, inefficient, and wasteful exploitation; and allow for the creation of high seas marine protected areas.

Pew's ocean work includes efforts to establish large marine reserves, to end illegal fishing, to protect key species like penguins, sharks, tuna, and forage fish, and to establish policies that protect, maintain, and restore the health of marine ecosystems.

What does Commission on Ocean Policy do?Pew's ocean work includes efforts to establish large marine reserves, to end illegal fishing, to protect key species like penguins, sharks, tuna, and forage fish, and to establish policies that protect, maintain, and restore the health of marine ecosystems.Ocean Policy Commission of the United States The Oceans Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-256) established the United States Commission on Ocean Policy. The commission, appointed by the President, was tasked with producing findings and making recommendations to the President and Congress for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean policy.

To learn more about : Ocean Policy Commission

Ref : https://brainly.com/question/23596178

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Which of the following best explains the potential health problems associated with endocrine disruptors?
a. Endocrine disruptors mimic hormones that regulate critical biological processes.
b. Endocrine disruptors encompass a wide array of toxic pesticides.
Endocrine disruptors do not biodegrade, remaining toxic years after their release.
d. There are no major health problems associated with exposure to endocrine disruptors

Answers

Answer:

A. Endocrine disruptors mimic hormones that regulate critical biological processes.

Endocrine disruptors mimic(imitates) hormones that regulate critical biological processes and creates heath problems.

What are endocrine disruptors?Endocrine disruptors are also referred as hormonally active agents, endocrine disrupting chemicals, or endocrine disrupting compounds.They are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine systems. These can cause tumors, birth defects, etc.What are hormones?Hormones are chemical messenger.They are directly poured into bloodstream by endocrine glands.

Hence, the correct option is a. Endocrine disruptors mimic hormones that regulate critical biological processes.

To know more about hormones here

https://brainly.com/question/24383458

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Analyze the given diagram of the carbon cycle below.
Part 1: Which process does arrow F represent?
Part 2: Explain how matter is conserved during the process.
Part 3: Justify why this process is a recycling of carbon in the carbon cycle.

Answers

Answer:

F means oxygen from plant goes into the atmosphere.

Explanation:

2. matter is conserved in this process because plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis then produces oxygen into the atmosphere, animals then feed on plants and later the animal's faecal matter is released into the soil and even when animals die, microorganisms in the soil break I down into absorbable form for plants use. which makes matter conserved.

3. mater is in a circular state from atmosphere to plants to animals to soil then absorbed by plants to restart the process again.

Answer:

Other person is 100 percent right give them the credit I just wanted to make it clear

Explanation:

Which statement describes how echolocation and ultrasound imaging are the same?

They both use the absorption of sound waves.
They both use the diffraction of sound waves.
They both use the reflection of sound waves.
They both use the transmission of sound waves.

Answers

They both use the reflection of sound waves

Answer:

They both use the reflection of sound waves.

Explanation:

• Who were the Grant's and what did they
1 1

Answers

finish the question..

Where are haploid cells
found?

Answers

Answer:

I'm pretty sure it's 2n correct me if I'm wrong

Explanation:

I'm not to smart with this kind of stuff.

Answer:

they are found in the reproductive organs

Look at the diagrams below. They show steps in the sequence of replication. ​

Answers

Answer:

C!

Explanation:

the asnwer is C which is 4,3,2,1 have a good one!

Describe how the functions of the xylem and phloem specifically relate to photosynthesis

Answers

Answer:

El xilema es una estructura que transporta, a través de la planta, agua y sales minerales disueltas. El floema transporta bebes elaborados por las células y por fotosíntesis. ... Las células individuales del floema están conectadas entre sí por los extremos, como si fueran secciones de un tubo.

I will MARK AS BRAINLIEST.

Answers

Answer:

Q-8=4

Q-9=1

Q-10=3

Q-11=3

Q-12=1

Explanation:

how is your health connected to your genetics?

Answers

Answer:

Well There's a bunch of Conditions or diseases connected to genes, Like for example Heart disease or diabetes are caused by multiple genes in combination with lifestyle/Environmental factors. Hope this helps!

Health is connected to genetics in the sense that based on lifestyle choices can alter a person’s gene from their inherited gene.

Why does rifting might matter to people that aren't geologists? pls help me ASAP this is due in half a hour

Answers

Answer:

Rifting is defined as the splitting apart of a single tectonic plate into two or more tectonic plates separated by divergent plate boundaries. The rifting of a continental tectonic plate creates normal fault valleys, small tilted block mountains, and volcanism.

Explanation:

It causes valleys and stuff so the earth would rip kind of, but for geologist it is good beacsue they can explore that stuff, and find things they were looking for but got burried underneath so many things like rock, and dirt.

carbohydrates are a unit to measure what?

Answers

Carbohydrates are measured in units called grams. Grams are a measure of weight. The total grams or amount of carbohydrate you need each day depends on your calorie goals, activity level and personal preferences. Carbohydrates generally provide 45-65% of your daily calories.

A tugboat tows ships out of a harbor. The tugboat starts pulling the ships when they are stopped at a dock.
Masses of ships
Name Mass (kg)
Eden 3,239
Skipjack 2,273
Standard 2,020
Thunderer 2,526
Viceroy 1,859
The tugboat tows with the same force no matter the size of the ship. Order the names of the ships to show the size of the acceleration each ship will have as it starts to move.

Answers

Answer:

In order of decreasing acceleration experienced by each ship, the names of the ships are as follows:

Viceroy

Standard

Skipjack

Thunderer

Eden

Explanation:

A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object.

According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the resultant (or net) force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object and the acceleration occurs in the same direction as the force.

Mathematically, a = F/m

From the given question, the tugboat tows the ships with the same force no matter the size of the ship, therefore, force is constant. The acceleration each ship will have as it starts to move assuming force = 1 N, is given below:

Eden; mass =  3,239;

acceleration = 1/3239 = 3.09 * 10⁻⁴ m/s²

Skipjack 2,273

acceleration = 1/2273 = 4.40 * 10⁻⁴ m/s²

Standard 2,020

acceleration = 1/2020 = 4.95 * 10⁻⁴ m/s²

Thunderer 2,526

acceleration = 1/526 = 3.96 * 10⁻⁴ m/s²

Viceroy 1,859

acceleration = 1/1859 = 5.38 * 10⁻⁴ m/s²

Thus, in order of decreasing acceleration experienced by each ship, the names of the ships are as follows:

Viceroy

Standard

Skipjack

Thunderer

Eden

10
How much force is needed to accelerate a 5 kg object at a rate of 4m/w?
F
0.28 N
O.
F
G
1.28 N
Η ON
G
J
20 N
0.
о
H
0
J
CLEAR ALL

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:How many grams are in 5.4 moles of iron (III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3?⇔⇔∉↑·ПНПёПсж

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Explanation:

Explanation:How many grams are in 5.4 moles of iron (III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3?⇔⇔∉↑·ПНПёПсж

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PLEASE HELP ME:
Drought is a weather condition that may limit the amount of water resources available to an ecosystem. Which of the following may be one result of drought?
A. Fish populations may decline due to lower river levels.

B. Birds may not build nests due to temperature change.

C. Flowering plants may produce more seeds due to lack of water.

D. Predator populations may increase due to increased prey populations.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Droughts generally lower the amount of water in an ecosystem. This also applies to rivers and other such bodies of water, potentially harming or reducing the number of fish.

Based on this diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare?
Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2.
Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2.
Star 1 is cooler and brighter than Star 2.
Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star 2.

Answers

Answer:

Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2

It’s the second choice

The elbow is __ to the index finger.
The stomach is __ to the neck.
The brain is __ to the spinal cord.
The lungs are __ to the heart.
The shoulder is __ to the esophagus.
The toes are __ to the ankles.
The trachea is __ to the clavicle (collarbone).
The spine is __ to the liver.

Answers

Answer:

what is the question ?

Explanation:

Jacky leaves the office at 4:15 PM. If
she reaches her house at 4:55 PM
when her house is 25 km away from
her office, approximately, how fast did
she drive?

Answers

Given:

Jacky leaves the office at 4:15 PM and she reaches her house at 4:55 PM.

Distance between office and her house = 25 km

To find:

The driving speed of Jacky.

Solution:

The difference between 4:15 PM and 4:55 PM is 40 minutes.

60 minute = 1 hour

1 minute = [tex]\dfrac{1}{60}[/tex] hour

40 minute = [tex]\dfrac{40}{60}[/tex] hour

                 = [tex]\dfrac{2}{3}[/tex] hour

We know that,

[tex]Speed=\dfrac{Distance}{Time}[/tex]

[tex]Speed=\dfrac{25}{\dfrac{2}{3}}[/tex]

[tex]Speed=\dfrac{3\times 25}{2}[/tex]

[tex]Speed=\dfrac{75}{2}[/tex]

[tex]Speed=37.5[/tex]

Therefore, the driving speed of Jacky is 37.5 km per hour.

Explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources and give an example of each.

Answers

Answer:

Nonrenewable Resources take longer to be replenished, reneweable resources are easily replenished and easily accessible.

Explanation:

If something is Nonrenewable; for example fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, then that means that the organic matter is limited and not going to grow or be created easily on Earth.

Renewable Resources are usually classified into five categories; Hydro, Solar, Wind, Biomass, and Geothermal. All of these resources are easily accesible and can be used as a natural energy source.

Hope this helped :)

Answer:

Nonrenewable Resources take longer to be replenished, reneweable resources are easily replenished and easily accessible.

Explanation:

Many proteins are regulated by the binding of GTP or GDP. Which form is the active state of the protein

Answers

Answer:

GTP-bound form

Explanation:

Such a receptor may be associated with the GDP-regulated G-stimulant protein system. When the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor, the protein G-GDP complex is activated by separating its β subunit. When the ligand "sticks" to it, it releases GDP and allows GTP to bind. This form of the G protein that binds GTP, is the activated ("on") form of it. When it is "on" it releases signals into the cell. After a short period (seconds or less) the G protein hydrolyzes the GTP to GDP and itself "turns off".

how many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell

Answers

Answer:

there are 46 chromosomes found

46 chromosomes. Is correct

1. The definition of evolution is
a. The process of change over time in populations
b. The process of change over time in individual organisms
C. The process in which organisms share habitats
d. The process in which organisms reproduce

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Prompt: You are a carbon atom and you have just been exhaled out of a deer. Describethe journey that you have been on or describe your new adventures. You should include
at least 10 things that you have learned in Unit 4 (cellular respiration, photosynthesis,
carbon cycle, etc).

Answers

Answer:

respiration" (and any subsequent words) was ignored because we limit queries to 32 words.

Which of the following types of data is illustrated by the examples that follow: Group of answer choices

a. Mad cow disease is diagnosed in a cow and the entire herd is subsequently slaughtered Single case or small number of cases.
b. Death certificates are used as the basis for measuring the number of deaths and the probability of death among infants
c. A sample of adolescents are questioned about their cigarette smoking behavior

1. Statistics â vital statistics and reportable diseases
2. Single case or small number of cases
3. Sentinel surveillance
4. Survey data
5. Syndromic surveillance

Answers

Answer:

A)Single case or small number of cases

B)Vital Statistics

C)Survey data

Explanation:

Biological data can be regarded as information/compound that is gotten from sources such as living organisms as well as their products. It is usually a complex data when compare with some other form of data that exist.

Data collection is a systematic way of gathering data from various sources such as observation, questionare and the rest for particular purpose.

Vital statistics can be regarded as accumulated data that is been gathered base on death, births, as well as migration.

Survey data can be regarded as a resultant data which is gotten from sample of correspondents that participated in a particular survey

Where does the second, major part of cellular respiration take place?
Check all that are true.

in the cytoplasm of heterotroph cells

in the chloroplasts of heterotroph cells

in the mitochondria of autotroph cells

in the mitochondria of heterotroph cells

in the chloroplasts of autotroph cells

Answers

Explanation:

The answer is mitochondria of heterotroph cells..In human or animal cells...

help me find out the answer.​

Answers

Answer:

Genetic Variation

Competition

over production

Adaptation

Which energy conversion occurs in the cells of algae, such as the kelp shown
in the photograph?
A. Potential energy → Kinetic energy
O B. Light energy - Chemical energy
C. Chemical energy → Light energy
D. Potential energy → Nuclear energy

Answers

Answer:  B. Light energy - Chemical energy

Explanation:

Algae is a food producer because it uses the process of photosynthesis to synthesize the organic glucose from the inorganic molecules of carbon dioxide and water.

It does this in the presence of sunlight which gives energy to the reaction by being converted from light energy to chemical energy in the cells of the algae.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The rock cycle includes:

A. Metamorphosis of rock.

B. The process by which rocks are created and broken down.

C. Both A and B are correct

Answers

Answer:

C. both a and b are correct

Explanation:

#carry on learning

it is an ecosystem that normally functions without human tending

Answers

A balanced (self sustaining) ecosystem! Hope this helps!
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