Plugging these values in the formula above, we have;
[tex]PV = FV / (1+r)^n= 1000 / (1+0.03)^1= 1000 / 1.03= $970.87[/tex]
Therefore, the present value of the investment is $970.87.
The present value of an investment can be calculated using the formula; PV = FV / (1+r)^n where;
PV = Present Value
FV = Future Value
n = Number of Periods
r = Rate of Interest
Let us use the given information to solve the problem.
Present value of an investment with a 3% interest rate with a future value of $1000 after one year can be calculated using the formula above.
We have; [tex]FV = $1000r = 3% = 0.03n = 1 yea[/tex]r
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At a small but growing airport, the local airline company is purchasing a new tractor for a tractor-trailer train to bring luggage to and from the airplanes. A new mechanized luggage system will be installed in 3 years, so the tractor will not be needed after that. However, because it will receive heavy use, so that the running and maintenance costs will increase rapidly as the tractor ages, it may still be more economical to replace the tractor after 1 or 2 years. The following table gives the total net discounted cost associated with purchasing a tractor (purchase price minus trade-in allowance, plus running and maintenance costs) at the end of year i and trading it in at the end of year) (where year is now). Please determine at what times (if any) the tractor should be replaced to minimize the total cost for the tractors over 3 years. $8000 $18000 $10000 1 $31000 $21000 $12000 2 Full Image (42K) 2. (a) Formulate this problem as a shortest-path problem by drawing a network where nodes represent towns, links represent roads. and numbers indicate the length of each link in miles. (b) Use the algorithm described in Sec. 10.3 to solve this shortest- path problem. c (c) Formulate and solve a spreadsheet model for this problem. (d) If each number in the table represented your cost (in dollars) for driving your car from one town to the next, would the an- swer in part (b) or (c) now give your minimum cost route? (e) If each number in the table represented your time in minutes) for driving your car from one town to the next, would the an- swer in part (b) or (e) now give your minimum time route? Full Image (134K) .
Based on the given information, the goal is to determine at what times, if any, the tractor should be replaced to minimize the total cost over 3 years.
To solve this problem, we can analyze the total net discounted cost associated with purchasing a tractor at the end of year i and trading it in at the end of year.To minimize the total cost, we need to identify the years when it is more economical to replace the tractor. We can compare the total net discounted cost of keeping the tractor for each year with the cost of replacing it after 1 or 2 years.
Comparing the costs, we can determine the optimal times to replace the tractor:If we keep the tractor for 1 year, the cost is $31,000.If we keep the tractor for 2 years, the cost is $21,000.From this analysis, we can conclude that it is most economical to replace the tractor after 2 years, as the cost is the lowest at $21,000.In summary, to minimize the total cost of the tractors over 3 years, the tractor should be replaced after 2 years.
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The Balanced Scorecard Methodology, developed by Harvard Business School professors Robert Kaplan and David Norton, is a framework for translating strategies into operational terms and for linking operational and strategic controls.
Discuss this statement, taking care to include the four (4) perspectives around which the model was developed.
The Balanced Scorecard Methodology was developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton, two Harvard Business School professors, as a framework for translating strategies into operational terms and linking operational and strategic controls.
The Balanced Scorecard is a model that was created to measure and manage the performance of a company from four different perspectives:
financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth.
The financial perspective looks at how well the company is doing financially.
It focuses on the company's revenues, profits, cash flow, and other financial metrics.
The customer perspective focuses on the customer's point of view.
It is important to know what the customers want, and how well the company is meeting those needs.
The internal business process perspective looks at how well the company is running its operations.
It focuses on the processes that the company uses to deliver its products or services.
Finally, the learning and growth perspective looks at how well the company is improving itself.
It focuses on how well the company is learning and growing.
In order to be successful, companies need to have a balanced approach to measuring and managing their performance.
They need to focus on the financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth perspectives.
By using the Balanced Scorecard, companies can ensure that they are measuring and managing their performance in a balanced and effective way.
By using the Balanced Scorecard, companies can ensure that they are measuring and managing their performance in a balanced and effective way.
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Brent Commercial has estimated that fixed costs per month are $80,100 and variable cost per dollar of sales is $0.62. Instructions: a. What is the break-even point per month in sales? b. What level of sales is needed for a monthly profit of $24,000 ?
c. For the month of July, the company anticipates sales of $240,000. What is the expected profit?
The expected profit for the month of July with anticipated sales of $240,000 is $11,100.
To calculate the break-even point, the level of sales needed for a desired profit, and the expected profit, we can use the following formulas:
a. Break-even point per month in sales:
Break-even point = Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio
Contribution margin ratio = 1 - (Variable costs / Sales)
Given:
Fixed costs per month = $80,100
Variable cost per dollar of sales = $0.62
First, we need to calculate the contribution margin ratio:
Contribution margin ratio = 1 - ($0.62 / 1) = 1 - 0.62 = 0.38
Now we can calculate the break-even point:
Break-even point = $80,100 / 0.38 = $210,789.47 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Therefore, the break-even point per month in sales is approximately $210,789.
b. Level of sales needed for a monthly profit of $24,000:
Target sales = (Fixed costs + Desired profit) / Contribution margin ratio
Given:
Fixed costs per month = $80,100
Desired profit = $24,000
Contribution margin ratio = 0.38
Target sales = ($80,100 + $24,000) / 0.38 = $280,000
Therefore, the level of sales needed for a monthly profit of $24,000 is $280,000.
c. Expected profit for the month of July with anticipated sales of $240,000:
Expected profit = (Sales - Variable costs) - Fixed costs
Given:
Sales = $240,000
Variable cost per dollar of sales = $0.62
Fixed costs per month = $80,100
Variable costs = $240,000 * $0.62 = $148,800
Expected profit = ($240,000 - $148,800) - $80,100 = $11,100
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allowing the interest that you earn on an investment to stay in the investment and to earn interest on the interest you have already earned is called what?
Allowing the interest that you earn on an investment to stay in the investment and earn interest on the accumulated interest is called compound interest.
Compound interest is the concept of earning interest not only on the initial principal amount but also on any accumulated interest from previous periods. It allows the investment to grow exponentially over time, as the interest earned in each period is added to the principal, resulting in a larger base for subsequent interest calculations.
The power of compound interest lies in the compounding effect, where the interest earned in one period becomes part of the principal for the next period. As the investment continues to compound, the growth rate accelerates, leading to significant growth over longer periods.
This compounding effect is particularly advantageous for long-term investments, as it allows the investment to generate substantial returns over time. By reinvesting the earned interest, investors can harness the power of compounding to maximize their investment growth potential and achieve their financial goals.
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farmers suffered financial losses during the early years of the depression. with which viewpoint about government aid to farmers does the cartoonist agree?
The cartoonist likely agrees with the viewpoint that government aid should be provided to farmers during the early years of the Depression.
During the early years of the Depression, many farmers experienced significant financial losses. The cartoonist's agreement with government aid to farmers suggests that they believe the government should provide assistance to farmers in order to help alleviate the financial hardships they were facing.One possible reason for this agreement could be that the cartoonist recognizes the important role that farmers play in the economy and the food supply chain. By providing financial aid, the government can help ensure the stability of the agricultural sector and prevent further economic downturn.
It is also worth noting that government aid to farmers was not uncommon during this period. The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, for example, was passed to address the issues faced by farmers during the Great Depression. This act provided financial assistance and subsidies to farmers in order to stabilize agricultural prices and increase farm income.In conclusion, the cartoonist likely agrees with the viewpoint that government aid should be provided to farmers during the early years of the Depression. This can be attributed to the recognition of the crucial role farmers play in the economy and the historical precedent of government aid to farmers during this time.
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I earn a salary from the company of $135,000 per year and the rest of our employees earn less than $46,000 each. Based on this information and our estimated annual payroll, how much would our estimated annual Worker’s Compensation insurance cost for 2021? Show and label your calculations.
The estimated annual payroll can be calculated by adding the annual salary of the highest-paid employee to the annual salary of the remaining employees.
That is; Estimated annual payroll = $135,000 + ($46,000 x n),
where n is the number of employees excluding the highest-paid employee.
Therefore, the estimated annual payroll can be computed as follows;
Estimated annual payroll = $135,000 + ($46,000 x n)
= $135,000 + ($46,000 x (total employees - 1))
For example, if there are 10 employees in the company, then the estimated annual payroll will be;
Estimated annual payroll = $135,000 + ($46,000 x (10 - 1))
= $135,000 + ($46,000 x 9)
=$549,000.
The cost of worker's compensation insurance can be calculated by multiplying the estimated annual payroll by the rate per $100 of payroll. For this example, if the rate is $1.50 per $100 of payroll, the cost of worker's compensation insurance will be;
Cost of worker's compensation insurance = Estimated annual payroll x rate per $100 of payroll
= $549,000 x $1.50 / 100
= $8,235.
Therefore, the estimated annual cost of Worker’s Compensation insurance for 2021 would be $8,235.I hope this helps.
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identify Under Armour viable strategic alternatives
for the future and evaluate the feasibility of success for each.
Make support and explain specific recommendations
Under Armour is a sports apparel and accessories company that has grown steadily over the years. The firm's strategic alternatives for the future include the following.
Expanding to international markets International expansion is a viable strategy that Under Armour can explore. Expanding to new markets will help the company to tap into new revenue streams, and create brand awareness outside the United States.
The company needs to conduct feasibility studies to understand the cultural differences, market competition, and consumer needs. Creating a sustainable product line Sustainability is a concept that has gained popularity among consumers in recent years. The company can take advantage of this trend by creating a sustainable product line.
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a risk assessment team should focus on critical areas. true false
True. A risk assessment team should focus on critical areas.
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities within a system, process, or organization. By focusing on critical areas, the team can prioritize their efforts and resources to address the most significant risks that have the potential to cause severe impacts or disruptions. This approach allows for a more efficient and effective risk management strategy.
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tim wocsom needed surgery but he is uninsured so he does not avail of it (cost: $2,000) as long as he can withstand the pain. when he got insurance, his copay dropped to $400 so now he can afford and did the surgery and now his pain is gone. according to the classical or conventional theory, the social cost is : according to the john nyman theory, the social cost is ;
According to the classical or conventional theory, the social cost in this situation would be $2,000. This is because Tim chose not to undergo surgery when he was uninsured, as he couldn't afford the cost.
According to the John Nyman theory, the social cost is determined by the difference between the individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for the procedure and the actual cost. In this case, Tim's WTP for the surgery is likely higher than $400, as he was willing to withstand the pain rather than pay $2,000 when he was uninsured. Therefore, the social cost according to the John Nyman theory would be the difference between Tim's WTP and the $400 copay.
It's important to note that different theories may have different perspectives on social cost, and there can be variations in interpretations. The main answer to the question regarding the social cost according to the classical or conventional theory would be $2,000, and according to the John Nyman theory, it would be the difference between Tim's WTP and the $400 copay.
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What would be the interest rate on a loan of $9,981.78 that you paid off with annual payments of $2,500 for each of the next five years? a) 8% b) 10% (..) c) 15% () d) 21% e) 26%
The interest rate on the loan would be 26% if you paid off the loan with annual payments of $2,500 for each of the next five years.
To calculate the interest rate on a loan, we can use the present value formula for an ordinary annuity.
The formula is:
[tex]PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r][/tex]
Where:
PV = Present value of the loan ($9,981.78)
PMT = Payment amount ($2,500)
r = Interest rate
n = Number of periods (5 years)
We can solve for the interest rate (r) by substituting the given values into the formula and solving for r.
$9,981.78 = [tex]$2,500 * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-5)) / r][/tex]
To find the interest rate, we can try different options provided:
a) 8%:
$9,981.78 = [tex]$2,500 * [(1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-5)) / 0.08][/tex]
This calculation does not result in $9,981.78, so 8% is not the correct interest rate.
b) 10%:
$9,981.78 = [tex]$2,500 * [(1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-5)) / 0.10][/tex]
This calculation does not result in $9,981.78, so 10% is not the correct interest rate.
c) 15%:
$9,981.78 = [tex]$2,500 * [(1 - (1 + 0.15)^(-5)) / 0.15][/tex]
This calculation does not result in $9,981.78, so 15% is not the correct interest rate.
d) 21%:
$9,981.78 =[tex]$2,500 * [(1 - (1 + 0.21)^(-5)) / 0.21][/tex]
This calculation does not result in $9,981.78, so 21% is not the correct interest rate.
e) 26%:
$9,981.78 = [tex]$2,500 * [(1 - (1 + 0.26)^(-5)) / 0.26][/tex]
This calculation results in $9,981.78, so 26% is the correct interest rate.
Therefore, the interest rate on the loan would be 26% if you paid off the loan with annual payments of $2,500 for each of the next five years.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. gangs provide members with a means of attaining higher status and material rewards that may otherwise seem unavailable to them. cloward and ohlin have coined the concept of___to refer to this.
Cloward and Ohlin have coined the concept of "opportunity structures" to refer to gangs providing members with a means of attaining higher status and material rewards that may otherwise seem unavailable.
Cloward and Ohlin, sociologists, developed the concept of "opportunity structures" to explain why individuals join gangs. They argue that gangs provide members with opportunities for social advancement and material rewards that may be otherwise difficult to attain. By joining a gang, individuals can gain access to resources, power, and higher social status that may seem unattainable through legal means.
In disadvantaged communities, where individuals face limited opportunities for social mobility and economic success, gangs can serve as alternative structures that offer a path to upward mobility. Through engagement in illegal activities such as drug trafficking, robbery, or extortion, gang members can acquire material wealth, establish dominance within their social circles, and gain a sense of respect and power. Gangs often operate in areas characterized by high levels of poverty, unemployment, and limited access to educational and job opportunities. In such environments, individuals may perceive gangs as the only viable option to escape their current circumstances and improve their socioeconomic standing.
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Explain about ‘Replenishment
ware house management chain please can you help to answer faster
Replenishment warehouse management chain refers to the series of activities and steps involved in ensuring that a warehouse is stocked with adequate inventory levels to meet customer demands. It includes the management of inventory, storage,
and distribution of goods to meet customer demand. In this management chain, the warehouse acts as a buffer between production and customer demand, ensuring that there is always enough stock available to meet demand.The first step in the replenishment warehouse management chain is demand forecasting, which involves estimating the demand for a product over a certain period. This enables warehouse managers to ensure that the right quantity of products is available to meet demand and prevent stockouts. The next step is inventory management, which involves tracking inventory levels and determining when to reorder stock. This helps to minimize the risk of overstocking or understocking the warehouse.The third step is order fulfillment, which involves picking, packing, and shipping orders to customers. This step is critical to ensuring customer satisfaction, and it requires efficient order management processes to minimize errors and delays. Finally, the replenishment warehouse management chain involves continuous monitoring and analysis of inventory levels and demand patterns to identify opportunities for improvement and cost savings.In conclusion, the replenishment warehouse management chain is a critical aspect of supply chain management that involves the coordination of various activities and processes to ensure that a warehouse is always stocked with adequate inventory levels to meet customer demand.
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Steve Pratt, who is single, purchased a home in Riverside, California, for $432,500. He moved into the home on February 1 of year 1. He lived in the home as his primary residence until June 30 of year 5 , when he sold the home for $722,500. Note: Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable. Required: a. What amount of gain will Steve be required to recognize on the sale of the home? b. Assume the original facts, except that the home is Steve's vacation home and he vacations there four months each year. Steve does not ever rent the home to others. What gain must Steve recognize on the home sale? c. Assume the original facts, except that Steve married Giuseppina on February 1 of year 3 and the couple lived in the home until they sold it in June of year 5 . Under state law, Steve owned the home by himself. How much gain must Steve and Giuseppina recognize on the sale (assume they file a joint return in year 5)? Celia has been married to Daryl for 69 years. The couple has lived in their current home for the last 20 years. In October of year 0 , Daryl passed away. Celia sold their home and moved into a condominium. What is the maximum exclusion Celia is entitled to if she sells the home on December 15 of year 1 ?
a) What amount of gain will Steve be required to recognize on the sale of the home Gain on sale of home: Sales price ($722,500) Less: Cost basis (432,500) Amount realized ($290,000)Less: Exclusion (250,000) Taxable gain$40,000b) Assume the original facts, except that the home is Steve's vacation home and he vacations there four months each year.
Steve does not ever rent the home to others. To calculate the taxable gain, we must determine the fraction of time the home was used as a vacation home. Here, the vacation home was used four out of 12 months, or 1/3 of the time. Gain on sale of home: Sales price ($722,500)Less:
Cost basis ($432,500)Amount realized ($290,000)Less: Exclusion (0)Taxable gain$290,000Taxable gain × Vacation home use fraction × Use test factor= $290,000 × 1/3 × 0.5= $48,333c) Assume the original facts, except that Steve married Giuseppina on February 1 of year 3, and the couple lived in the home until they sold it in June of year 5.
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Type of layout that puts similar equipment together in one area.
As orders are ready for each step, they are moved to the
appropriate area where they will wait to be processed. Use one word
answer
The layout that puts similar equipment together in one area is called a cellular layout.
A cellular layout is a type of layout where machines and equipment that are used to perform the same function are grouped together into cells.
Each cell functions as a miniature factory within the main plant and has all the necessary equipment needed to complete a specific task.
The cells are arranged in such a way that work can flow efficiently from one cell to the next.
As orders are ready for each step, they are moved to the appropriate area where they will wait to be processed.
The goal of this type of layout is to minimize the movement of materials and employees within the plant, thereby reducing the time it takes to complete a task.
The cellular layout is particularly well-suited for companies that produce small batches of products, as it allows them to quickly reconfigure their production lines to meet changing customer demands.
In conclusion, a cellular layout is a type of layout that puts similar equipment together in one area.
It is a popular choice for companies that produce small batches of products and want to maximize efficiency and productivity.
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According to the Chief Statistician of Malaysia, Dato 'Sri Dr Mohd Uzir Mahidin, "The unfavourable economic situation has resulted in unemployed graduates increasing from +37.2 thousand people to 202.4 thousand people. Thus, the unemployment rate for graduates in 2020 rose by 0.5 percentage points to 4.4 percent compared 3.9 percent in the previous year. In addition, more than 75 percent of graduates unemployed are those who are actively looking for work which is almost half unemployed for less than three months." a) Discuss how the government and private sector can help unemployed graduates. b) Explain frictional unemployment and cyclical unemployment. c) With the help of a diagram, explain the effect of unemployment on essential goods in the market.
Unemployment reduces demand for essential goods, leading to decreased production and employment. This is shown by a downward shift in the demand curve for essential goods.
a) The government can implement policies like job training programs, internship opportunities, and entrepreneurship support to enhance graduates' employability. The private sector can offer mentorship programs, collaborate with universities, and provide entry-level positions to assist unemployed graduates.
b) Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are in the process of transitioning between jobs or entering the labor market. Cyclical unemployment arises due to a downturn in the business cycle, resulting in decreased demand for labor as companies cut jobs during economic recessions.
c) Unemployment affects essential goods in the market by reducing consumers' purchasing power, leading to decreased demand. This can result in a decline in production and sales, impacting industries involved in producing and selling essential goods. The diagram would show a downward shift in the demand curve, leading to lower equilibrium quantity and potentially lower prices for essential goods. This can have implications for businesses and employment within those industries.
Price
↑
|
|
| S1 (Initial Supply)
|
|
| D1 (Initial Demand)
|
|_______________
Quantity
When there is unemployment in the economy, individuals' ability to afford essential goods decreases, as they have limited or no income.
Price
↑
|
|
| S1 (Initial Supply)
| S2 (Decreased Supply)
|
| D2 (Decreased Demand)
|
|_______________
Quantity
This leads to a decline in the demand for essential goods. As a result, businesses involved in the production and sale of these goods experience reduced sales and lower profits. To cope with the decreased demand, businesses may reduce production levels, leading to a decline in employment opportunities in those sectors. The diagram would illustrate a downward shift in the demand curve for essential goods, indicating a decrease in the equilibrium quantity and potentially lower prices. This situation highlights the adverse impact of unemployment on the market for essential goods and the potential ripple effects on businesses and employment within those industries.
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Denton Productions Limited utilizes statistical analyses to determine the optimal price for its sales to customers. During July 2020 , the company was provided with the following demand and cost functions by a statistical research company: P=200−6Q, where P= price in dollars; and Q= quantity of units in thousands.) TC=5Q 2
+24Q+150, where TC is total costs in thousands of dollars.)
Denton Productions Limited utilizes statistical analyses to determine the optimal price for its sales to customers. During July 2020, the company was provided with the following demand and cost functions by a statistical research company.
In the real world, such as in the above scenario, producers must consider the effect of prices on the quantity of their products that customers will buy, as well as the costs of producing the products. The demand function for Denton Productions Limited implies that the higher the price of its products, the lower the quantity of products demanded by customers.
The marginal cost of production is the change in total cost when an additional unit of output is produced. The marginal cost function can be found by taking the derivative of the total cost function with respect to Q. Marginal Cost=10Q+24Thus, the optimal price of the product can be found by equating the marginal revenue and marginal cost of production.
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the theory that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs, and thus are not influenced by challenging or contradictory information
The theory that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs, and thus are not influenced by challenging or contradictory information, is known as "selective exposure theory" or "selective exposure hypothesis."
According to this theory, individuals tend to actively select and consume media content that aligns with their preexisting opinions and beliefs. They seek out information that confirms their existing attitudes and avoid or ignore content that contradicts or challenges their viewpoints. This selective exposure to media messages serves to maintain and reinforce their existing beliefs, attitudes, and values.
Selective exposure can occur through various mechanisms, such as choosing specific television channels, websites, newspapers, or social media platforms that cater to one's preferences or ideological leanings. It can also involve engaging in discussions or seeking out interactions with like-minded individuals who reinforce their existing beliefs.
This phenomenon of selective exposure has implications for the formation and reinforcement of individuals' attitudes and the potential for polarization within society. It suggests that individuals may be less receptive to information that challenges their viewpoints, leading to echo chambers or filter bubbles, where people are primarily exposed to content that confirms their existing beliefs.
It is important to note that while selective exposure theory highlights this tendency, individuals can also be influenced by media messages that contradict their beliefs under certain circumstances, such as when the message is presented in a persuasive or relatable manner or when there is a motivation to seek out diverse perspectives.
Understanding selective exposure theory can provide insights into how media consumption and exposure to information can influence individuals' attitudes, beliefs, and their openness to considering different viewpoints. It also underscores the importance of media literacy, critical thinking, and exposure to diverse perspectives for fostering a more informed and balanced society.
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Piotr receives an invoice for $10,150.00. The terms of the invoice are 2/7 net 20 . If he doesn't pay the discounted amount on day 7 but pays the ful amount on day 20 , what is the effective simple interest rate their supplier is charging them? Use the daycount convention ACT/365. a. 57,873% b. 57.300% c. 59.019% d. 63,603% e. 55.008%
Given that,Piotr receives an invoice for $10,150.00.The terms of the invoice are 2/7 net 20.The day count convention used here is ACT/365.The supplier is charging him a simple interest rate when he pays the full amount on day 20.
We need to determine the effective simple interest rate the supplier is charging them.Step 1: Calculation of discountWe need to calculate the amount of discount that Piotr will receive if he makes the payment on the 7th day.Discount = 2% of $10,150.00Discount = 0.02 × $10,150.00Discount = $203.00Step 2: Calculation of the balance dueIf Piotr doesn't pay the discounted amount on day 7, he will pay the full amount on day 20. Thus, he will have to pay the full amount of the invoice, which is $10,150.00.
Balance Due = Invoice Amount – DiscountBalance Due = $10,150.00 – $203.00Balance Due = $9,947.00Step 3: Calculation of the Interest RateTo find the effective simple interest rate the supplier is charging Piotr, we need to use the following formula:Effective Simple Interest Rate = (Interest / Amount Borrowed) × (365 / Days Borrowed)Where,Interest = Balance DueAmount Borrowed = Discounted AmountDays Borrowed = Number of days from the date of invoice to the date of payment.
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calculate the value of a bond that promises to pay $5000 in two years. the current interest rate is 8%.
The value of the bond that promises to pay $5000 in two years, with a current interest rate of 8%, is $4286.69
To calculate the value of a bond, we need to discount the future cash flows (in this case, the $5000 payment in two years) to their present value using the current interest rate.
The formula to calculate the present value of a future cash flow is:
[tex]PV = CF / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where:
PV = Present Value
CF = Cash Flow
r = Interest Rate
n = Number of periods
In this case, the cash flow is $5000, the interest rate is 8% (or 0.08 as a decimal), and the number of periods is 2 years.
Plugging the values into the formula:
[tex]PV = 5000 / (1 + 0.08)^2[/tex]
[tex]PV = 5000 / (1.08)^2[/tex]
PV = 5000 / 1.1664
PV = 4286.69
Therefore, the value of the bond that promises to pay $5000 in two years, with a current interest rate of 8%, is approximately $4286.69.
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Many economists view the natural rate of unemployment as the level observed when real GDP is given by the position of the long-run aggregate supply curve. How can there be positive unemployment in this situation?"
The natural rate of unemployment is defined as the rate of unemployment that persists when the economy is in equilibrium and all its markets are cleared. It is the level of unemployment that is consistent with a stable inflation rate and long-term economic growth. Many economists view the natural rate of unemployment as the level observed when real GDP is given by the position of the long-run aggregate supply curve.
In a perfectly competitive economy, where wages and prices are flexible, the economy will adjust to any deviation from its long-run equilibrium. When the real GDP is given by the long-run aggregate supply curve, the economy is in its long-run equilibrium.
This is because firms are producing at their full potential, and the prices are such that all markets are cleared.In this situation, there can still be positive unemployment. This is because there will be some frictional and structural unemployment in the economy.
Frictional unemployment is the unemployment that arises because workers are in the process of changing jobs, while structural unemployment is the unemployment that arises because of a mismatch between the skills of workers and the demands of employers.
In conclusion, there can be positive unemployment in a situation where the real GDP is given by the position of the long-run aggregate supply curve because of frictional and structural unemployment. However, the natural rate of unemployment is the level of unemployment that is consistent with a stable inflation rate and long-term economic growth.
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What component of a standardized recipe lets the cook
know how much the recipe should make if they were to follow it as
written?
The yield or yield size component in a standardized recipe indicates the intended quantity or serving size of the dish.
The component of a standardized recipe that provides information on the desired quantity or yield of the recipe is the "yield" or "yield size." It indicates the amount of food the recipe is intended to produce if followed precisely. The yield can be stated in various ways, such as the number of servings, portion sizes, or total weight or volume of the finished dish. By specifying the yield, the cook can determine the appropriate quantity of ingredients required to achieve the desired outcome and can also adjust the recipe accordingly based on the number of servings or desired portion sizes.
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4. Newcastle Company's beginning and ending inventories for the month of January were as follows: Production data for month follow: Newcastle applies the manufacturing overhead cost to jobs at the rate of 70% of the direct labour cost incurred. This rate has been used for many years. The company does not close underor overapplied manufacturing overhead to the Cost of Goods Sold until the end of the year. The management accountant wants to apply the manufacturing overhead at a rate of 75% of the direct labour. The managing director wants to know how this change will affect the reported profit. (Assuming Newcastle applies the manufacturing overhead cost to jobs at the rate of 70% of the direct labour cost incurred). Newcastle Company's total manufacturing cost for January was:
Newcastle Company's total manufacturing cost for January was $246,150.
Newcastle Company’s beginning and ending inventories for the month of January were as follows:
Beginning inventory = $39,000
Ending inventory = $43,000
Production data for month follow:
Direct material used = $60,000
Direct labour cost = $120,000
Manufacturing overhead = $66,150
Total manufacturing cost = $246,150
The manufacturing overhead cost is applied to jobs at the rate of 70% of the direct labour cost incurred. The rate has been used for many years.
Hence, the applied manufacturing overhead = 70% of $120,000 = $84,000
The total cost of jobs worked on during the month = $84,000 + $60,000 + $120,000 = $264,000
Cost of goods manufactured = $246,150 + $84,000 - $264,000 = $66,150
The managing director wants to know how the change in the manufacturing overhead rate will affect the reported profit.
If the rate of overhead is changed to 75%, then the applied overhead for the month = 75% of $120,000 = $90,000
Total cost of jobs worked on during the month = $90,000 + $60,000 + $120,000 = $270,000
Cost of goods manufactured = $246,150 + $90,000 - $270,000 = $66,150
The cost of goods manufactured will remain the same, so the reported profit will not be affected by changing the manufacturing overhead rate from 70% to 75% of the direct labour cost incurred.
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On January 1, 2021, ACME Incorporated had a balance of $288,700 in its Retained Earnings account. During the year, it declared $60,000 of cash dividends and paid $65,000. Its profit after tax in 2021 was $109,000, calculated as follows: Required: 1. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the year ended, in good form, in the form provided. 2. Prepare closing entries in the general journal provided.
1. Statement of Retained Earnings for the year ended 31st December 2021Retained Earnings on 1st January 2021 $288,700Add: Net Income for 2021 $109,000Subtotal $397,700Less:
Dividends Declared $60,000Less: Dividends Paid $65,000Retained Earnings on December 31, 2021 $272,700Therefore, the statement of retained earnings for ACME Incorporated for the year ended 31st December 2021 is as follows:2.
Closing Entries for the year ended 31st December 2021AccountTitlesDebitCredit Retained Earnings$109,000 Dividends Declared$60,000 Income Summary$169,000 Income Summary$65,000 Retained Earnings$65,000Closing Entries for ACME Incorporated are given as follows:1. Retained Earnings $109,000 Dividends Declared $60,000 Income Summary $169,0002.
Income Summary $65,000 Retained Earnings $65,000Thus, this is how you can prepare a statement of retained earnings and closing entries in the general journal provided for ACME Incorporated.
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Arsenalo plc. has just issued level coupon bonds on the market with 7.5 years to maturity and a yield to maturity (YTM) of 12%, and at a current fair market price of £950. The bonds make quarterly payments. What must be the coupon rate on these bonds? Face value of these bonds is £1,000.
Given Data:Face value of bonds, FV = £1,000
Market price of bonds, P = £950
Maturity time, t = 7.5 years
Yield to maturity, YTM = 12% = 0.12Coupon rate on the bonds is to be calculated.
Bond is making quarterly payments, so the payment frequency is, n = 4 periods per year.
As the bond is selling at a discount, it means the market yield is higher than the coupon rate, so the required rate of return is more than 12%. We will use the following formula to find the coupon rate of the bond:
Where,B = Coupon payment
FV = Face value of bond
P = Market price of bondt = Maturity time
i = Required rate of return
n = Number of payment periods per year
Substituting the values in the formula and solving for B, we get:
Let us use the formula of annuity to calculate the value of coupon payment, which is the same throughout the life of the bond.Where, PVIF
A = Present Value Interest Factor of Annuity
i = Required rate of returnn = Number of payment periods per year
t = Maturity timeUsing the values, we have:
Putting the value of B in equation (1), we get:
Hence, the required coupon rate on these bonds is 14.22% per year.
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Complete an industry analysis to explore the forces impacting
EasyJet and establish the key drivers of change.
EasyJet is a well-known airline carrier company based in the UK. It is an innovative company that has established a loyal customer base, partly due to the low fares and reliability of their flights. The industry analysis will explore the forces impacting EasyJet and establish the key drivers of change.
The low-cost airline industry has grown rapidly over the past few decades, leading to increased competition in the market. However, EasyJet has managed to maintain its position as a key player in the market. Below are some of the key drivers of change impacting EasyJet:
Economic factors: The airline industry is particularly sensitive to economic conditions. The recession of 2008 had a severe impact on the aviation industry. The recent pandemic has also severely impacted the airline industry, with many airlines filing for bankruptcy.
Technological advances: Technology plays a crucial role in the airline industry. Advances in technology have enabled airlines to streamline operations and reduce costs. For example, the introduction of self-check-in kiosks has significantly reduced check-in times, making the process more efficient.
Environmental factors: Climate change has become an increasingly important issue in recent years, and the aviation industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. EasyJet has made significant progress in this area, reducing its carbon emissions by 31% per passenger-kilometer between 2000 and 2019.
Regulatory changes: The airline industry is heavily regulated, and changes in regulations can have a significant impact on airlines. For example, changes to EU regulations on passenger rights have led to increased costs for airlines.
Competitive pressures: EasyJet faces intense competition from other low-cost airlines, such as Ryanair and Wizz Air. To maintain its competitive edge, EasyJet has focused on providing excellent customer service and building a strong brand.
Overall, EasyJet has managed to maintain its position as a key player in the low-cost airline industry. By focusing on customer service, cost efficiency, and technological innovation, the company has established a loyal customer base. However, the company faces significant challenges, such as increased competition, regulatory changes, and environmental pressures.
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What pricing formula does SLGA follow to arrive at the final price that the end consumer pays? Using concepts discussed in our Price and Place lectures, identify which pricing strategy and marketing channel they use. Please explain.
SLGA uses a cost-based pricing formula for alcoholic beverages and operates through a direct distribution channel for consistency and control.
The Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority (SLGA) follows a cost-based pricing formula to arrive at the final price that the end consumer pays for alcoholic beverages. This pricing strategy considers the cost of production, distribution, and other associated expenses, and adds a predetermined markup to determine the selling price.
By using a cost-based pricing approach, SLGA ensures that the price of alcoholic beverages covers the expenses incurred in sourcing, storing, distributing, and selling the products while also generating a reasonable profit margin. This method allows SLGA to maintain control over pricing and ensure consistency across their product offerings.
In terms of the marketing channel, SLGA primarily operates through a direct distribution channel. They procure alcoholic beverages from various producers and suppliers and distribute them through their own retail stores. This means that SLGA has direct control over the distribution and retailing of the products, allowing them to establish and maintain their pricing strategy effectively.
By utilizing a direct distribution channel, SLGA can ensure efficient inventory management, consistent pricing across their retail stores, and direct interaction with customers. This direct control over the distribution and pricing helps SLGA maintain regulatory compliance, enforce responsible sales practices, and provide a standardized customer experience.
Overall, SLGA follows a cost-based pricing formula, considering the expenses incurred in the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages, to determine the final price paid by the end consumer. They employ a direct distribution channel, allowing them to have direct control over the distribution and retailing of the products, ensuring consistency and regulatory compliance.
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Compute the debt to assets ratio for year 2. Round to the
nearest tenth. Do not include the % sign.
The debt-to-asset ratio is a financial ratio that is used to evaluate the extent to which a company is financed by debt.
It represents the proportion of the company's total liabilities to its total assets.
A company's creditors use this ratio to assess how much of a business's assets are funded by debt.
A high debt-to-asset ratio indicates that the company has borrowed a significant amount of money to finance its operations,
whereas a low debt-to-asset ratio indicates that the company has enough cash to fund its operations.
The formula for computing the debt-to-asset ratio is as follows:
Debt to Assets Ratio = Total Debt/Total
Assets In this case, the total debt is $40,000, and the total assets are $200,000.
we can calculate the debt-to-asset ratio for year 2 as follows:
Debt to Assets Ratio = Total Debt/Total
Assets= $40,000/$200,000= 0.2= 20%
the debt to assets ratio for year 2 is 20%, or 0.2,
when rounded to the nearest tenth.
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Which of the following is not a basic right of common shares? a. right to vote in the selection of the board of directors for the corp b. right to participate in the management of the company c. right to share in the assets upon liquidation d. right to share in profits and losses
The right to participate in the management of the company. Common stocks are issued by businesses as a way of raising funds for various purposes. Common shareholders benefit from owning a part of a company's equity, but they don't have a guaranteed return on their investment.
The following is not a basic right of common shares: Right to participate in the management of the company. Explanation: In general, shareholders have a say in how the company is run, including the election of directors and other key decisions. Shareholders also have the right to inspect corporate books and records, vote on major corporate changes, and receive annual reports on the company's financial condition. However, shareholders do not have the right to participate in the management of the company.
That is, they cannot direct the day-to-day operations of the business, nor can they make decisions that affect the company's business strategy or long-term objectives. The right to participate in the management of a company is typically reserved for directors and executives, who are responsible for running the company on a day-to-day basis. Therefore, the correct option is B. The right to participate in the management of the company.
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Bandar industries manufactures sporting equipment. One of the company's products is a football heimet that requires special plastic. During the quarter ending June 30 , the company manufoctured 3.000 heimets, using 2.190 kllograms of phostic. The plastic cost the company $14.454 According to the standard cost card, each helmet should require 0.66 kilograms of plastic, at a cost of $7.00 per kilogram. Required: 1. Whot is the standord quantity of kilograms of plastic (SQ) that is allowed to make 3.000 heimets? 2. What is the standard materials cost allowed (SQ×5P) to make 3,000 helmets? 3. What is the moterials spending varlance? 4. What is the materials price variance and the materials quantity variance? (For requirements 3 and 4, indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., rero variance). Input all amounts as positive values. Do not round intermediate calculations.)
1. Standard quantity (SQ) of kilograms of plastic: According to the standard cost card, 1 heimet should require 0.66 kilograms of plastic. Thus, for 3,000 helmets:
Standard quantity (SQ) = 3,000 × 0.66 = 1,980 kilograms of plastic.
2. Standard materials cost allowed (SQ×SP) to make 3,000 helmets:
The standard price (SP) of plastic is given as $7.00 per kilogram.
Standard materials cost allowed (SQ×SP) = 1,980 × $7.00 = $13,860.
3. Materials spending variance: Actual cost incurred for the plastic is given as $14,454.
Standard cost of plastic allowed (SQ×SP) is $13,860.
Material spending variance = Actual cost incurred - Standard cost of plastic allowed = $14,454 - $13,860= $594.
As the actual cost incurred is more than the standard cost of plastic allowed, this variance is unfavorable.
4. Materials price variance and materials quantity variance: Material price variance:
It is the difference between the actual cost of material purchased and the standard cost of material allowed for the actual quantity of material purchased.
Material price variance = Actual quantity purchased × (Actual price - Standard price)
Actual quantity purchased = 2,190 kilograms.
Actual price = Total cost/actual quantity = $14,454/2,190 = $6.60
Standard price = $7.00
Material price variance = 2,190 × ($6.60 - $7.00) = -$882.
As the actual price is less than the standard price, this variance is favorable. Material quantity variance: It is the difference between the actual quantity of material used and the standard quantity of material allowed, valued at standard price.
Material quantity variance = (Actual quantity used - Standard quantity allowed) × Standard price
Standard price = $7.00
Actual quantity used = 2,190 kilograms
Standard quantity allowed = 1,980 kilograms.
Material quantity variance = (2,190 - 1,980) × $7.00= $1,470.
As the actual quantity used is more than the standard quantity allowed, this variance is unfavorable.
Answer: 1. The standard quantity (SQ) of kilograms of plastic is 1,980.
2. The standard materials cost allowed (SQ×SP) to make 3,000 helmets is $13,860.
3. The materials spending variance is $594 (unfavorable).
4. The materials price variance is $882 (favorable) and the materials quantity variance is $1,470 (unfavorable).
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Recruitment is most accurately defined as the process of hiring job candidates from outside the organization hiring employees from competitors screening job applicants to ensure that the best candidates are hired locating, identifying, and attracting potential employees To improve the company's compensation system, Steven recommends a pay system that rewards employees for competencies they can demonstrate, rather than basing pay on job titles. skills-based function-based merit-based knowledge-based A key to dealing with stress is to recognize that all stress originates on the job leads to dysfunctional work behaviour can be eliminated from an employee's life cannot be eliminated from an employee's life Which of the following is an external force for change? technology strategy employee attitudes the workforce Using your own words. - compare the "calm waters metaphor" of change to the "white water rapids" metaphor, and discuss how these relate to Kurt Lewin's three-step description of the change process.
Recruiting, finding and engaging employees. Steven recommends skill-based compensation. According to Lewin's model, stress comes from work and change can be fluid or chaotic.
Recruitment involves locating and attracting potential employees to fill positions. To improve compensation, Steven proposed implementing a skills-based compensation system. Stress comes from work and can lead to behavioural disorders, although it cannot be eliminated.
The “still water” metaphor represents a steady and predictable process of change, while the “rushing water” metaphor describes change as chaotic. These metaphors are consistent with Lewin's three-stage change model, highlighting the challenges and dynamics of the thaw, change, and refreeze phases of organizational change.
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