how much mno2(s)mno2(s) should be added to excess hcl(aq)hcl(aq) to obtain 205 ml cl2(g)205 ml cl2(g) at 25 °c and 785 torr785 torr ?

Net Redox Reaction when Pt(Platinum) comes in contact with   KMnO4  is : 2MnO4- + 16H+ 5Pt → 5Pt2+ + 2Mn2+ 8H2O .

Potassium permanganate(KMnO₄) is strong oxidizing agent which is reduced and oxidizes Pt (Platinum) according to the two-half reactions:

The oxidation reaction: Pt → Pt²⁺ + 2e.

The reduction reaction: MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O.

To obtain the net redox reaction, we multiply the oxidation reaction by 5 and the reduction reaction by 2 to equalize the no. of electrons in the two-half reactions.

So, the net redox reaction will be:

2MnO4- + 16H+ 5Pt → 5Pt2+ + 2Mn2+ 8H2O

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The standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a Ni electrode in a 1.0 M Ni(NO₃)₂ solution and a Cr electrode in a 1.0 M Cr(NO₃)₂ solution at 25 °C is 0.51 V.

the reduction potential of Ni²⁺ = - 0.23

the reduction potential of Cr³⁺ = - 0.74

the reduction potential of the Ni²⁺ is higher than the reduction potential of Cr³⁺. that mean  Ni²⁺ undergoes the reduction.

the standard emf cell expression is given as follows :

the standard emf cell , E = E Ni²⁺/Ni - E  Cr³⁺ / Cr

                                         = - 0.23 - ( - 0.74 )

                                         = - 0.23 + 0.74

                                         = 0.51 V

Thus, The standard emf of cell is 0.51 V.

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With the temperature and amount of gas remaining constant, the new pressure for a sample of gas with a volume of 5.75 l at 425 mmHg is 562 mmHg. We can use gas constant.

The force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is spread is known as pressure (symbol: p or P). The pressure relative to the surrounding air is known as gauge pressure, sometimes spelled gauge pressure. The sign R or R stands for the molar gas constant, also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant. It is the Boltzmann constant's molar equivalent, measured in units of energy per degree of temperature increment and amount of substance. According to Boyle's rule, pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature and gas volume, hence P1V1 = P2V2 P2=P1V1 /V2 V1 = beginning gas volume = 5.75 L V2 = final gas volume = 7.60 L.

P1 = 425 mmHg initial gas pressure

If we plug the value P2= 425*7.60/5.75 = 561.7 mmHg, the answer is the fourth choice at 562 mmHg.

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The statement was not given completely hence it is not possible to give correct answer for surface representations of molecular orbitals in homonuclear (second period) diatomic molecules and which of the following represents a pi-bonding molecular orbitals.

The term "pi bond" refers to a type of covalent chemical interaction in which two orbital lobes on one atom overlap laterally with two orbital lobes on another atom.

Homonuclear molecules are those made up of only one type of element and when we talk of Homonuclear diatomic molecules then these Homonuclear molecules are composed with two molecules of same element.

Some example of Homonuclear diatomic molecules are  :

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The relative humidity of the sample containing 14 grams of water at a temperature of 20°C is 100%.

Explanation for relative humidity

Relative Humidity is defined as the ratio that is expressed in percent, of the amount of atmospheric moisture present relative to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated.

Given,

Air temperature of 20°C can sustain the amount of water vapor is 14 grams.

From the table of saturation mixing ratio, it is observed that

The saturation mixing ration for air temperature at 20°C is 14g/kg

Therefore, the relative humidity for the given sample is,

14/14 × 100 = 100%

Hence, the relative humidity for the given sample is 100%.

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The original volume of the argon sample was 42.37L when the argon sample's pressure was raised from 3.54 atm. 3:54 to 8:38 a.m. 8.38 atm at a fixed temperature

The most prevalent gas in the atmosphere after nitrogen and oxygen is argon. Argon is a noble gas, making it fully inert, like helium. It is a colourless, odourless gas that has no effect on other substances at all. Despite being a gas, argon has the ability to combine with other substances in specific situations.

Isothermal processes are defined as those that occur at constant temperature. There are many isothermal processes that are used often. At constant temperatures, the working fluid undergoes a change in phase during the boiling and condensing processes.

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As a result of electron flow through complex iii the four protons (h ) are moved into the intermembrane space to cytochrome c i.e. another electron transporter.

Electron flow through Complex iii is  a multi-subunit   type structure which is responsible for taking electrons from ubiquinol and transferring them to cytochrome c i.e. another electron transporter.

The electrons flow from -ive(negative) terminal to +ive (positive) terminal causing current flow in the circuit and also known as electron current.

Hence, as a result of electron flow through complex iii the four protons (h ) are moved into the intermembrane space to cytochrome c i.e. another electron transporter.

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The dot structure of Ar will have 6 electron in their valence shell.

Lewis dot structures, also known as electron dot structures, are schematics that show the interatomic chemical bonds in a molecule. Additionally, they show how many lone pairs there are overall in each of the atoms that make up the molecule. Common names for Lewis dot structures include electron dot structures and Lewis structures. Lewis described an acid as an electron pair acceptor, while a base is an electron pair giver.

The electronic structures of the elements, including the electron pairings, are reflected in the Lewis dot structures. Lewis structures can be viewed as "electron bookkeeping" and are a helpful way to condense some bonding-related information. Each dot in a Lewis dot structure corresponds to an electron. A bond is denoted by two dots placed between the atoms in chemical symbols.

Hence, Ar dot structure will be different from neutral Ar atom.

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a 2.25 g sample of magnesium nitrate contains 0.0152 mol of this compound.

The given amount of sample is 2.25 g.

The given sample is Mg(NO3)2.

The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is the sum of the atomic mass of each atom present in Mg(NO3)2.

The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is 148.3 g/mol.

The mole of Mg(NO3)2 is determined as follows:

Mole= Mass/Molar mass

On substituting known values;

Mole= 2.25g/148.3g/mol

Mole=0.0152mol

So, the mole magnesium nitrate is 0.0152.

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The work done is equal to 1911.53 J.

Solution:

work done =  18.87Latm

= 18.87 x 101.3j

= 1911.53 j

The work done is calculated by substituting the value of pressure, final volume, and initial volume in the work done equation. Then, the unit for work done will be in L atm, and this is converted into joules by multiplying the value in L atm with:

The work done is equal to 101.3j

= 1911.53j

Thus, The work done is equal to 1911.53 J.

The total cost of work in process refers to the sum of the starting cost of work in process and the total manufacturing cost for the period. In other words, the above concept can be obtained by adding the original work-in-progress inventory to the total manufacturing cost.

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In general, a lone pair repels bonding electron pairs more than bonding pairs repel each other. A lone pair will therefore decrease the bond angle between bonding pairs greater.

When atoms share two pairs of electrons, this double bond is created. Pairs of electrons are constantly shared. A chemical bond is just a shared pair of electrons. A double connection between two atoms requires more energy for break than a single bond because 4 electrons are shared by the two or more atoms in the double bond.

A covalent link with bond order = 2 made up of four electrons, two of which form sigma and pi bonds, respectively. displaying single, doubled, and tripling bonds in the Lewis structure. a molecular representation of ethylene's dual bond.

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Lewis structure of NO⁻, NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻ are attached to this answere below.

The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.

The bond order for NO⁻ is  [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{1 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/1 = 3

The bond order for  NO₂⁻ is [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{2 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/2 = 1.5

The bond order for NO₃⁻ is [tex]\frac{4 electrons}{3 bonding.group}[/tex] = 4/3 = 1.33

Here, you can see the bond order decreases as the number of oxygens in these compounds increases and we know higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.

So, NO₃⁻ has lowest bond order that means it has longest and weak bond After NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻ comes and it has stronger bond than  NO₃⁻ and shorter Bond length than  NO₃⁻. NO⁻ has shortest and strongest bond among all three.

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Molar mass of unknown gas is 52 g/mol and Unknown gas is chromium

Given in the question;

Mass of nitrogen = 18 g

So, No of Moles of nitrogen (n')  = 18/14 = 1.28 mol

Volume of nitrogen (V') = Volume of unknown gas (V") = 19 L

Let number of mol of unknown solution be X(n")

Applying Ideal gas law PV = nRT (mention in question that pressure and temperature of both gas is same R is already constant)

So, V'/n' = V"/n"

Thus, 19/1.28 = 19/n"

n" = 1.28 mol

So, No of mols of unknown gas is 1.28 mol.

Molar mass of Unknown gas = Given mass/number of mols

                                                = 67/1.28 = 52 g/mol

So, Molar mass of unknown gas is 52 g/mol and Unknown gas is chromium

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When NH4NO3's molar mass is 80.043 g/mol, its moles are 1 g/80.043 g/mol.

= 0.0125 moles

= ΔH / moles NH4NO3

= -7.5 KJ / 0.0125 moles

= -600 KJ.mol-1

What in chemistry is a molar mass?

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance is its molar mass. The molar mass of a substance can be found by adding the molar masses of its constituent atoms, as demonstrated in this video. The computed molar mass can then be used to convert between mass and the amount of moles in the substance.

What are molar mass and a mole?

One mole of a chemical is equal to 6.022 x 1023 molecules (or formula units) (ionic compound). The mass of 1 mole of a chemical is indicated by its molar mass. It provides you with the amount of grams per mole of a substance, to put it another way.

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The heat of reaction when 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide is 1.65 KJ/mol.

The neutralization reaction of HNO₃ and NaOH takes place according to the reaction as,

HNO₃+ NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O

So, as we can see, one mole of HNO₃ reats completely with one mole of NaOH.

The heat of reaction is the heat the heat released when one mole of HNO₃ completely reacts with one mole of NaOH. For one mole, the heat of reaction is 53.7 KJ/mol

Now, in this case 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide.

So, millimoles of HNO₃ are 57.59 millimoles.

Now, millimoles of NaOH are 30.9 millimoles.

So, because NaOH is limiting reagent, so,

The heat of the reaction will be,

Heat of reaction = 53.7 x 1000 x 30.9/1000

Heat of reaction = 1.65 KJ/mol.

So, the heat of the reaction is 1.65 KJ/mol.

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Sending a token to an account that can only accept them is known as "burning" a coin. Burner or eater addresses are wallet addresses that are used to burn bitcoin. Burning effectively takes tokens out of circulation.

A digital asset is essentially removed from circulation by being locked away for all time when it is burned by sending it to a location from which it can never be retrieved, also known as a burn address.

A token is permanently lost if it is transferred to a burn address. Anyone who owns a cryptocurrency can burn it, but since you'd essentially be throwing money away, it's not exactly something you'd want to do for no reason. The majority of the time, a cryptocurrency's creators pick how much to burn.

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1.875M is the molarity of an HCl solution if it takes 25.00 ml of a 0.750 m NaOH solution to neutralize 10.00 ml of the HCl solution

The Balanced reaction for the equation is given by:

HCl+NaOH⇌H₂O+NaCl

It is given that the molarity of NaOH is 0.750M, the volume of HCl is 25ml, the volume of HCl to be neutralized is 10ml.

Then, By titration:

We know that,

Molarity = n/V

n = Molarity x V

0.025 L of 0.750 mol/L of NaOH = No of moles of NaOH

No of moles NaOH = 0.025 x 0.750

No of moles of NaOH = 0.01875 mol

Then it can be written that,

0.01875 mol NaOH and 1 mol HCl/1 mol NaOH = 0.01875 mol HCl

Now,

0.01875 mol HCl / 0.010 L = 1.875M HCl

Therefore, the molarity is 1.875M

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Answer:

depends on what the substance is for example iron has a 2,800F melting point

Explanation:

The release of energy from a spontaneous reaction can be put to good use. The reaction must be divided into the oxidation and reduction reactions, two independent half-reactions, in order to capture this energy. '

It only makes sense that electrons move from the electrode with a higher negative charge to the electrode with a higher positive charge since the anode and cathode are opposites of each other. The anode is one electrode where the oxidation half-reaction takes place, while the cathode is the electrode where the reduction half-reaction takes place.

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The key features that should be present in the IR spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin and the key features that should be absent from the IR spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted are the spectra of the other alcohols.

The spectra of the other alcohols utilized in the synthesis indicate the presence of bromohydrin. The presence of Bromohydrin with the Hydroxyl stretch characteristic demonstrates the presence of alcohol

Bromonydrin is formed by the addition of Br and OH across an alkene, and the result is known as a bromohydrin (bromo=bromine, hydrin=hydro, water/H₂O).

The synthesis of bromohydrins includes extremely regioselective ring expansion of epoxides to halohydrins using hydrogen and lithium halides in the presence of -cyclodextrin in water as a solvent.

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Answer:

When dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is exposed to room temperature, it sublimates, meaning it changes directly from a solid to a gas. This process is known as sublimation and is why dry ice "disappears" when left at room temperature. The gas produced is carbon dioxide, which is odorless and colorless.

The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction at 255K is given by the Nernst equation.

What is equilibrium constant?
The value of a chemical reaction's reaction ratio at chemical equilibrium, a government that a dynamic chemical system approaches after enough time has passed and at which its structure has no discernible tendency to change further, is the equilibrium constant for that reaction. The equilibrium constant seems to be dependent on the initial analysis concentration levels of the product and reactant species in the mixture for a particular set of reaction conditions. As a result, the composition of a system at equilibrium can be calculated from its initial composition using known equilibrium constant values. However, factors affecting the reaction such as temperature, solvent, as well as ionic strength may all affect the equilibrium constant's value.

The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction at 255K is given by the Nernst equation:
K = e^(-ΔG/RT)
where ΔG is the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction and R is the gas constant.

Using the half-reactions, we can calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction (ΔG) as follows:
ΔG = -nF(E1-E2)
where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the reaction and F is the Faraday constant.
For the reaction above, n=2 and F=96,485 C/mol. Therefore,
ΔG = -2*96,485*(1.23-0.77) = -189.4 kJ/mol
Therefore, the equilibrium constant (K) at 255K is given by:
K = e^(-189.4/8.314*255) = 2.13 x 10^-11

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The specific rotation of the product is + 42.3° . option B is the correct answer

The SN2 mechanism was used to convert (R)-C6H5CHClCH3 into the appropriate alcohol, the end result should be (S)-C6H5CHOHCH3. This is due to the fact that, in the SN2 reaction mechanism, the departing nucleophile prefers to attack from the front side in order to reduce electrical repulsions during the transition state. This results in a complete configuration inversion at the molecules' chiral carbon. The amplitude of a particular rotational value will be the same but with the opposite sign in enantiomers. For instance, if R isomer displays -42.3°, S isomer will display +42.3°.

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Brackish water is a mixture of freshwater and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.

Brackish water(aka brack water) is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater  but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and freshwater together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root brak, which means slightly salty.

What is Salinity ?                                                                                               Salinity is the measure of the number of grams of salts per kilogram of seawater, which is expressed in parts per thousand. Parts per thousand can be defined as how many parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater

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Sodium permanganate and Calcium acetate are strong electrolyte, Acetic acid  is weak electrolyte and Methanol is nonelectrolyte.

With the chemical formula NaMnO4, sodium permanganate is an inorganic substance. Most commonly, it comes in monohydrate form. Iron and manganese are removed, taste and odour are controlled, biological growth in treatment plants is controlled, and sodium permanganate is employed as an oxidant. By oxidising precursors and decreasing the need for other disinfectants, including chlorine, it can aid in lowering the development of disinfection byproducts (DBPs).

The chemical name for acetic acid, officially known as ethanoic acid, is CH3COOH. It is an organic substance that is acidic, colourless, and liquid. Its chemical formula is CH3COOH, and other names for acetic acid include ethanoic acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic acid. Vinegar gets its distinctive smell from acetic acid, a byproduct of fermentation. A 4-6% acetic acid solution makes up vinegar.

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(I) High pressure, small volume.

(III) Low temperature, high pressure

sets of conditions is a real gas expected to deviate from ideal behavior

A theoretical gas called an ideal gas is one that has lots of point particles flying around arbitrarily and not being affected by other particles. The ideal gas notion is advantageous because it complies with the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis. A theoretical gas called an ideal gas is one that has many of randomly moving particles but doesn't have any interparticle interactions. The converse is true for a real gas; it takes up space and its molecules interact. As a result, PV is always equal to nRT.

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The value of Eo would be = 0

What is Nerst equation?

The Nernst equation formula connects the reaction quotient, electrochemical cell potential, temperature, and standard cell potential.

Eo = [tex](\frac{RT}{nF} ) lnK[/tex]

Where,

R = Gas constant

T = Temperature

K = equilibrium constant

F = Faraday constant

n = no. of electrons

Given,

k = 1.000

T = 298.15k

n = 2

R = Gas constant = 8.314[tex]JK^-^1mol^-^1[/tex]

We know,

Eo = [tex](\frac{RT}{nF} ) lnK[/tex]

Subsituting the values:

Eo = [tex](\frac{8.314 * 298.15}{2 * 96485} ) lnK[/tex]

Eo = [tex]\frac{0.592}{2} lnK[/tex]

Eo = 0.296 * ln (1)

Eo = 0.296 * 0

Eo = 0

The value of Eo would be = 0

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The temperature of the mixture does not change at all until all the ice has melted, at which point it increases at a constant rate.

A physical number known as temperature expresses the concepts of hotness and coolness in numerical form. With a thermometer, temperature is measured.

Thermometers are calibrated using a number of temperature scales that have defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances. The most widely used scales are the Kelvin scale (K), which is mostly used for scientific reasons, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Celsius scale (°C), formerly known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C. In the International System of Units, one of the seven base units is the kelvin (SI).

The lowest temperature on the thermodynamic scale is absolute zero, or 0 kelvin, or 273.15 degrees Celsius. As stated in the third law of thermodynamics, experimentally it can only be very closely approached but not actually reached.

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Chemical categories may be created using Chemical properties . They can be helpful in identifying unknown chemicals as well as in separating or purifying them from other substances.

Any characteristic of a substance that can only be formed by altering its chemical identity is referred to as a Chemical properties . Chemical properties include those that emerge during or after a chemical reaction. Simply put, it is impossible to detect a substance's chemical qualities by looking at it or feeling it; instead, the internal structure of the substance must be significantly altered in order to conduct an investigation into its chemical properties. Chemical change happens when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, which causes significant changes in its properties. An additional chemical feature would be one that is catalytic, though.

Physical qualities, on the other hand, can be identified without altering the structure of a substance, in contrast to chemical attributes

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