For this assignment, the target compound that you should synthesize is 1-methyl-4-nitro-benzene. This is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Examine the product carefully and determine the substitution pattern. Which group will already be present in the substrate? Keep in mind the mechanism and how that will control the selectivity of the process. Remember, you can easily separate ortho and para isomers.

Answer:

1.25 g.

Explanation:

5% or 25 g

= 0.05 * 25

= 1.25 g (answer).

Answer:

Homoanular dienes have a greater base value than heteroanular dienes

Explanation:

Woodward in 1945 gave a set of rules relating the wavelength of maximum absorption to the structure of a compound. These rules were modified by Fieser in 1959. These sets of rules describe the absorption of organic molecules in the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Each system of diene or triene has a given fixed value at which maximum absorption is expected to occur according to Woodward rules. This given fixed value is called the base or parent value. If the two double bonds are trans to each other, the diene is said to be transoid. If the two double bonds belong to different rings, the system is said to be heteroanular and the base value in each case is 215nm. If the double bonds are cis to each other (cisoid), or the two double bonds are in the same ring (homoanular), then the base value is 253nm.

Since λmax = base value + ∑ substituent contributions + ∑ other contributions, if the other contributions are not very significant, homoanular diene will have a greater λmax because of its larger base value compared to heteroanular diene. This correlates well with the fact that conjugated systems absorb at a longer wavelength.

Answer:

Water is used as a solvent.

Explanation:

In order to purify the new molecule, recrystallization occurs in which the new molecule should be added in water and heated the water in order to increase the solubility of the solution. The new molecule dissolve in water while the impurity remains undissolved which can be removed from the solution and then remain the solution to be cold down and the new molecule will again undissolved and the molecule can be extracted without any impurities. We use water instead of ethanol due to lower solubility.

Silver chloride (AgCl) is a crystalline solid substance that is composed of silver and chloride ions. AgCl is an ionic solid. Thus, option D is correct.

Ionic solids are substances that show the properties of solid matter and have ionic, positive, and negative charges in them. They are linked together by the attraction of the opposite charges.

The silver metal in the molecule has a positive charge and the chloride ions are negative in charge making them establish an ionic bond.

The solid molecule is held together by ionic bonds and not the covalent or other metallic bonds. The cations and anions of AgCl are linked together by the electrostatic forces that make their structure appear strong and brittle.

Therefore, AgCl has been known as an ionic solid.

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Answer:14.3 m/s

Explanation:

32 x 1609 = 51488

51488 / 60 / 60 = 14.3

(60 minutes and 60 seconds so you can get unit of 1 second)

Answer:

4.94g of material

Explanation:

Partition coefficient (Kp) of a substance is defined as the ratio between concentration of organic solution and aqueous solution, that is:

Kp = 8 = Concentration in Ethyl acetate / Concentration in water

100mL of a 5% solution contains 5g of material in 100mL of water. Thus:

8 = X / 100mL / (5g-X) / 100mL

Where X is the amount of material in grams that comes to the organic phase.

8 = X / 100mL / (5g-X) / 100mL

8 = 100X / (500-100X)

4000 - 800X = 100X

4000 = 900X

4.44g = X

Thus, in the first extraction you will lost 4.44g of material from the aqueous phase.

And will remain 5g-4.44g = 0.56g.

In the second extraction:

8 = X / 100mL / (0.56g-X) / 100mL

8 = 100X / (56-100X)

448 - 800X = 100X

448 = 900X

0.50g = X

In the second extraction, you will extract 0.50g of material

Thus, after the two extraction you will lost:

4.44g + 0.50g = 4.94g of material

Answer:

They are also relatively soft metals: sodium and potassium can be cut with a butter knife.

Answer:A

Explanation:

Answer:

There are [tex]3.3(10^6)[/tex] nanograms in 3.3 milligrams

Explanation:

The conversion is 1 milligram is equal to [tex]1(10^6)[/tex] nanograms. Use the base 10 decimal system to help you.

Answer:

Pentane or 2,2-dimethylbutane  

Explanation:

I've numbered the isomeric hexanes from 1 to 5 and labelled the sets of equivalent hydrogens.

The results are

Isomer 1— three sets of equivalent hydrogens

Isomer 2— five sets of equivalent hydrogens

Isomer 3— four sets of equivalent hydrogens

Isomer 4— two sets of equivalent hydrogens

Isomer 5— three sets of equivalent hydrogens

Each set will give one monochloro substitution product.

4 = A. Two monochloro isomers.

2 = B. Five monochloro isomers.

3 = C. Four monochloro isomers.

Isomers 1 and 5 each give three monochloro isomers.

Thus, we cannot assign Structure D definitively.

D is either pentane or 2,2-dimethylbutane.

Answer:

On the off chance that the wavelength(λ) maximum worth has been changed to 520 nm from 470 nm on the spectrophotometer, less light would be absorbed and in this way %T would be higher than the one found at 470 nm. The wavelength utilized at 520 nm isn't adequate for the excitation and consequently lesser light is absorbed by the arrangement.

Explanation:

A spectrophotometer is an analytical equipment used to quantitatively gauge the transmission(passage) or impression of visible light, UV light or infrared light through a medium.

Transmittance (τ) is the ratio of the brilliant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation.

where, Keq is the equilibrium constant.

On the off chance that the wavelength(λ) has been changed to 520 nm from 470 nm on the spectrophotometer, less light would be absorbed and in this way %T would be higher than the one found at 470 nm.

A spectrophotometer is an analytical equipment used to quantitatively gauge the transmission(passage) or impression of visible light, UV light or infrared light through a medium. Transmittance (τ) is the ratio of the brilliant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation. The wavelength utilized at 520 nm isn't adequate for the excitation and consequently lesser light is absorbed by the arrangement. As the concentration goes up, more radiation is absorbed and the absorbance goes up. Therefore, the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration.

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Answer:

a) I, II, and III

Explanation:

For the first statement;

Solvation, is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. if the solvent is water, we call this process hydration.

This means the statement is TRUE.

For the second statement;

The negatively-charged side of the water molecules are attracted to  positively-charged ions. In the case of water, the oxygen end is the negatively charged side of water. This means the statement is TRUE.

For the third statement;

The positively-charged side of the water molecules are attracted to the negatively-charged chloride ions. In the case of water, the hydrogen end is the positively charged side of water. This means the statement is TRUE.

Going through the options, we can tell that the correct option is option A.

Answer:

T2 = 133.333°K

Explanation:

Using Combined Gas Laws:

(600 torr)(10L)/500°K = (200 torr)(8L)/x°K

[tex]\frac{600 torr(10L)}{500K} =\frac{200 torr(8L)}{xK}[/tex]

Cross multiply:

x°K (600 torr)(10L) = 500°K(200 torr)(8L)

Divide:

x°K = (500°K(200 torr)(8L))/(600 torr)(10L)

[tex]xK = \frac{500K(200 torr)(8L)}{600 torr(10L)}[/tex]

x = 400/3°K or 133.333°K

Answer:

The answer is option C.

voltage (V) = Current( I ) × Resistance (R)

V = IR

I = V/ R

V = 10V R = 20Ω

I = 10/20 = 1/2

I = 0.50A

Hope this helps

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

For the first part of the question, we have to check the chiral carbons in 4-methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediol. In this case carbons, 1 and 2 are chiral, if we have 2 chiral carbons we will have 4 isomers. We have to remember that formula 2^n in which "n" is the number of chiral carbons, so:

2^n = 2^2 = 4 isomers

And the isomers that we can have are:

1) (1R,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol

2) (1S,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol

3) (1S,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol

4) (1S,2R)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol

See figure 1

For the second part of the question, we have to remember that the oxidation with [tex]OsO_4[/tex] is a syn addition. In other words, the "OHs" are added in the same plane. In this case, we have the methyl group with a wedge bond, so the "OH" groups will have a dashed bond due to the steric hindrance. Due to this we only can have 1 isomer ((1S,2R,4S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol). Finally, on this molecule, we dont have any symmetry planes (this characteristic will cancel out the optical activity), so the product of this reaction has optical activity.

See figure 2

I hope it helps!

Answer:

Explanation:

Hello,

Data;

R = 8.314J/(mol.K)

Temp (winter) = 0°C = (0 + 273.15)K = 274.15K

Temp.(summer) = 30°C = (30 + 273.15)K = 303.15K

Molar mass of He = 4g/mol = 0.004kg/mol

Molar mass of Xe = 131.29g/mol = 0.131kg/mol

a) rms speed in winter and summer

Vrms = √(3RT/M)

R = gas constant

T = temperature of the gas

M = molar mass of the gas

In winter,

Vrms = √(3×8.314×273.15) / 0.004

Vrms = 1.30×10³m/s

In summer

Vrms = √(3×8.314×303.15) / 0.004

Vrms = 1.37×10³m/s

b) Vrms of Xe at 30°C

Vrms = √(3 × 8.314 × 303.15) / 0.131

Vrms of Xe = 240.24m/s = 2.40×10²m/s

Vrms of He = 1.37×10³m/s

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 1.37×10³ / 2.40×10²

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 5.7

c) K.E per mole

At 30°C

K.E of He = (3/2) × 8.314 × 303.15

K.E of He = 3.78×10³J/mol

K.E of Xe = (3/2) × 8.314 × 303.15

K.E of Xe = 3.78×10³J/mol

d) K.E per molecule = ½mv²

K.E of He molecule = ½ × 0.004 × 1.37×10³

K.E = 2.74J

The rms speed of He in winter and in summer are 1.30×10³m/s & 1.37×10³m/s respectively, ratio of the rms speed of He to that of Xe at 30 degree celsius is 5.7, average kinetic energy per mole of He and of Xe and average kinetic energy per molecule of He are discussed below.

Root mean square velocity of the gases will be calculated as:

Vrms = √(3RT/M), where

R = universal gas constant = 8.314J/(mol.K)

M = molar mass of gas in kg/mol

T = temperature in K

At 273.15K-

Vrms = √(3×8.314×273.15) / 0.004 = 1.30×10³m/s

At 303.15K-

Vrms = √(3×8.314×303.15) / 0.004 = 1.37×10³m/s

Vrms (winter×summer) = 1.30×10³m/s × 1.37×10³m/s = 1.78×10⁶m/s

Vrms = √(3 × 8.314 × 303.15) / 0.131

Vrms of Xe = 240.24m/s = 2.40×10²m/s

Vrms of He = 1.37×10³m/s

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 1.37×10³ / 2.40×10²

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 5.7

K.E = 3RT / 2N, where

N = avgadros number = 6.022×10²³ atoms/mole

Average kinetic energy per mole of He & Xe at 303.15K is same as:

K.E = 3/2(1.38 × 10⁻²³J/K)(303.15K) = 6.2 × 10⁻²⁵J/mol

K.E of He molecule = ½ × 0.004 × 1.37×10³

K.E = 2.74J

Hence, calculations for the given points are described above.

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Answer:

Product A: cis; no

Product B: cis: no  

Explanation:

Two common methods of forming oxiranes from alkenes are:

1. Reaction with peroxyacids

(a) Stereochemistry

The reaction with a peroxyacid is a syn addition, so the product has the same stereochemistry as the alkene.

The starting alkene is cis, so the product is cis-2,3-diethyloxirane.

(b) Configuration

The product is optically inactive because it has an internal plane of symmetry.

It will not rotate the plane of polarized light.

2. Halohydrin formation

(a) Stereochemistry

The halogenation of the alkene proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion.

The backside displacement of halide ion by alkoxide is also stereospecific, so a cis alkene gives a cis epoxide.

The product is cis-2,3-diethyloxirane.

(b) Configuration

The cyclic halonium ion has an internal plane of symmetry, as does the product (meso).

The oxirane will not rotate the plane of polarized light.

Answer:

ok

Explanation:

[tex]\mathfrak{\huge{\pink{\underline{\underline{AnSwEr:-}}}}}[/tex]

Actually Welcome to the Concept of the Rate Constant.

Here, the "K" is the Rate Constant.

so the ANSWER IS C.) 0.5

The rate of constant is 0.5.

The answer is option C.

To determine the fee regulation from a desk, you have to mathematically calculate how differences in molar concentrations of reactants affect the response charge to parent out the order of every reactant. Then, plug in values of the response charge and reactant concentrations to discover the particular rate constant.

The particular rate constant is the proportionality steady touching on the rate of the reaction to the concentrations of reactants. The fee regulation and the unique charge constant for any chemical response need to be decided experimentally. The price of the fee regular is temperature-established.

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Answer: Manganese(II)bromide

Explanation:

Because it is a chemical compound composed of manganese and bromine

Answer:

Dalton's theory had to be modified after mass spectrometry experiments demonstrated that atoms of the same element can have different masses because the number of neutrons can vary for different isotopes of the same element

Answer:

(a) [tex]\% H_2O=10.65\%[/tex]

(b) [tex]\% H_2O=32.2[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello.

For this questions we must consider the ratio of the molar mass of water to  hydrated compound molar mass as shown below:

(a) In this case, we can consider that inside the manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate, whose molar mass is 169.02 g/mol, there is one water molecule that has a molar mass of 18 g/mol, for which the theoretical percentage of water is:

[tex]\% H_2O=\frac{18g/mol}{169.0g/mol} *100\%\\\\\% H_2O=10.65\%[/tex]

(b) In this case, we can consider that inside the manganese (II) sulfate tetrahydrate, whose molar mass is 223.1 g/mol, there are four water molecules that have a molar mass of 4*18 g/mol, for which the theoretical percentage of water is:

[tex]\% H_2O=\frac{4*18g/mol}{223.1g/mol} *100\%\\\\\% H_2O=32.27\%[/tex]

Best regards.

Respuesta:

1.25 × 10³ mmHg

Explicación:

Paso 1: Convertir las temperaturas a Kelvin

Cuando trabajamos con gases ideales debemos convertir las temperaturas a Kelvin. Usaremos la siguiente ecuación:

K = °C + 273.15

K = 25°C + 273.15 = 298 K

K = 200°C + 273.15 = 473 K

Paso 2: Calcular la presión final

Usaremos la ley de Gay-Lussac.

[tex]\frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2}\\P_2 = \frac{P_1 \times T_2}{T_1} = \frac{790mmHg \times 473K}{298K} = 1.25 \times 10^{3} mmHg[/tex]

Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Learning about the physical world through observation

Explanation:

A p e x 2021 :) Trust me!

Answer:

Option (B) 3.

Explanation:

In the model represented above, the two extreme represent carbon atoms since no other group are attached to it. The joint at the middle also represent carbon atom.

Thus, we can write a more simplify illustration for the model above as

C—C—C

From the above illustration, we can see that the model contains 3 carbon atom.

Answer:

0.

Explanation:

All elements existing on their own in their free states has an oxidation number of 0.

The oxidation number of Se in Se8 is 0. The element Se in its elemental state has an oxidation number of 0.

Chemistry uses the idea of oxidation number, also known as oxidation state, to describe the charge that an atom seems to have when it forms a compound or ion. It is a notion that aids in our comprehension of how electrons are distributed within a molecule or ion. Oxidation numbers can be used to balance chemical equations and identify the many kinds of chemical reactions that may take place. For a better understanding of the reactivity and bonding of various elements in compounds, they offer insights into the transfer or sharing of electrons between atoms. Se in Se8 has an oxidation number of 0. Se has an oxidation number of 0 when it is in its purest form.

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Answer: [tex]CaCl_2(aq)+K_2CO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2KCl(aq)+CaCO_3(s)[/tex]

Explanation:

A double displacement reaction is one in which exchange of ions take place. The salts which are soluble in water are designated by symbol (aq) and those which are insoluble in water and remain in solid form are represented by (s) after their chemical formulas.

The balanced reaction between aqueous calcium chloride reacts with aqueous potassium carbonate is shown as:

[tex]CaCl_2(aq)+K_2CO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2KCl(aq)+CaCO_3(s)[/tex]

Answer:

The lewis structure of the compounds can be drawn by making the skeleton of the molecule first. Then the different atoms are arranged and the electrons are arranged in their bonding pattern. The lone pair of the atoms, which are not involved in the bonding are represented by the dots.

So the lewis structures of both the compound methyl mercaptan has been in the attached image:

Spelling of methyl metcaptain is wrong, the correct spelling is methyl mercaptan.

Answer:

Methyl mercaptan is also known as Methanethiol with the chemical formula  CH3SH and it is an organosulfur compound.

For lewis structure of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), there are total 14 valence electrons. Four hydrogen atoms has one valence electron each, carbon has four valence electrons and sulfur has six valence electrons. Carbon form one bond with three hydrogen atoms by sharing one electron with each, carbon form one single bond with sulfur atom by sharing one electron with it and sulfur form one single bond with hydrogen. Sulfur left with four unpair electrons.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

In this case, we have an addition reaction. Additionally, this is a marknovnikov addition, therefore the "Br" atom would be added in the most substituted carbon (in this case carbon a). And we are going to have 2 enantiomers (2S,4S)-2,4-dibromopentane and  (2R,4S)-2,4-dibromopentane. In the case of (2R,4S)-2,4-dibromopentane we will have a symmetry plane (a point in the molecule in which we can divide the molecule into two equal parts). When this happens we will have a mesocompound and we will not have optical activity.

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

Answer:

22.29%

Explanation:

Percent yield = experimental yield / theoretical yield * 100

= 12.89 / 57.82 * 100 = 22.29%

Answer: The pH of the solution is 11.2

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of the solution.

[tex]Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}[/tex]

where,

n = moles of solute

[tex]V_s[/tex] = volume of solution in ml

moles of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] = [tex]\frac{\text {given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}=\frac{0.867g}{171g/mol}=0.00507mol[/tex]         (1g=1000mg)

Now put all the given values in the formula of molality, we get

[tex]Molarity=\frac{0.00507\times 1000}{170}[/tex]

[tex]Molarity=0.0298[/tex]

pH or pOH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

pH is calculated by taking negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.

[tex]pOH=-\log [OH^-][/tex]

[tex]Ba(OH)_2\rightarrow Ba^{2+}+2OH^{-}[/tex]

According to stoichiometry,

1 mole of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] gives 2 mole of [tex]OH^-[/tex]

Thus 0.0298 moles of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] gives =[tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.0298=0.0596[/tex] moles of [tex]OH^-[/tex]

Putting in the values:

[tex]pOH=-\log[0.0596]=2.82[/tex]

[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]

[tex]pH=14-2.82[/tex]

[tex]pH=11.2[/tex]

Thus the pH of the solution is 11.2