For a pure substance, two phases that are in thermodynamic equilibrium must share the same chemical potential. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which can be used to define the phase boundary between the phases, can be used for this.
At low temperatures and high pressure, the solid phase is preferred; at high temperatures and low pressure, the gas phase is preferred. The temperature and pressure ranges at which two phases can coexist in equilibrium are represented by the lines in a phase diagram.
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cryolite, na3alf6(s), an ore used in the production of aluminum, can be synthesized using aluminum oxide. balance the equation for the synthesis of cryolite. equation: al2o3 (s) naoh (l) hf (g) -> na3alf6 h2o (g) al2o3(s) naoh(l) hf(g)⟶na3alf6 h2o(g) if 13.0 kg of al2o3(s), 50.4 kg of naoh(l), and 50.4 kg of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced? mass of cryolite produced: kg na3alf6 which reactants will be in excess? naoh hf al2o3 what is the total mass of the excess reactants left over after the reaction is complete? total mass of excess reactants: kg qu
The kilograms of cryolite will be produced is 53.50 kg. the reactants will be in excess is NaOH and HF.
The balance equation is given as :
Al₂O₃ + 6NaOH + 12HF -----> 2Na₃AlF₆ + 9H₂O
molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol
molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
molar mass of HF = 20 g/mol
moles of Al₂O₃ = mass / molar mass
= 13 × 1000 / 102
= 127.4 mol
moles of NaOH = mass / molar mass
= 50.4 × 1000 / 40
= 1260 mol
moles of HF = mass / molar mass
= 50.4 × 1000 / 20
= 2520 mol
dividing by the coefficient , we get :
Al₂O₃ = 127.4 / 1= 127.4 mol
NaOH = 1260 / 6 = 210 mol
HF = 2520 / 12 = 210 mol
mass of cryolite = moles × molar mass
= 2 × 127.4 × 210
= 53508 g = 53.50 kg
The reactant is in excess = NaOH and HF.
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if a 5.0 l flask holds 0.125 moles of nitrogen at stp, what happens to the entropy of the system upon cooling the gas to -75 oc?
Since temperature has reduced from standard temperature of 0 °C to -25 °C, entropy will decrease, as gas molecules will come closer. The entropy decreases.
What do you mean by entropy?
One of the key ideas that students studying physics and chemistry need to grasp with clarity is entropy. More importantly, entropy has multiple definitions and can be used in a variety of contexts, including the thermal stage, cosmology, or even economics. Entropy is a concept that primarily discusses the sudden changes that occur in commonplace phenomena or the universe's propensity for disorder.
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The pressure of a gas p(v) varies inversely with the volume of the gas v. The pressure of a gas measures 25kg/cm2 when its volume is 200cm3. Which equation can be used to find the pressure of the gas when the volume is changed?.
The equation that can be used to find the pressure of the gas when the volume is changed is P(v) = 500/v.
How can the amount of gases be determined?An inverted container filled with water can be used to collect the gas produced during a chemical reaction and estimate its volume. Water is forced out of the container by the gas, and the amount of liquid expended serves as a gauge for the gas's volume.
How do gas laws define volume?Boyle's law, which states that the volume of a given quantity of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure under which it is measured, encapsulates this principle.
p(v) = pressure of a gas
v = volume of the gas
P(v) varies inversely with v
let k = constant of proportionality
P(v) = k/v
If P(v) = 25 kg/cm² and v = 200cm²
Therefore,
P(v) = k/v
25 = k / 200
25 × 200 = k
k = 5,000
substitute the value of k into the equation
So, P(v) = 500/v
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g draw a picture showing your hypothesis about how they do this. the following items should be included in the picture: protons, atp synthase, electron carriers/transport proteins and molecules, inorganic electron donor, inorganic electron acceptor
An assumption based on some evidence is known as a hypothesis. This is the starting step of any investigation that converts the research questions into hypotheses, such as protons and electron carriers.
Additionally, transport molecules and proteins as well as inorganic electron acceptor and donor are used in hypothesis. Variables, the population, and how the variables relate to one another are all included. The association between two or more variables is tested using a research hypothesis. An atom's stable negatively charged element is called an electron. The atom's nucleus is surrounded by and has electrons outside of it. When compared to a neutron or proton, an electron's mass is very little and it contains one unit of negative charge (1.602 x 10 -19 coulomb).
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Which chemical forms a white precipitate when you test for sulphate ions in solution?
The chemical that is forms a white precipitate when you test for sulphate ions in solution is called barium sulfate.
What is barium sulphate?Barium sulfate is described as the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO₄ that is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and insoluble in water. It occurs as the mineral barite, which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it.
During qualitative analysis of anions, sulphates react with barium chloride to form white precipitate of barium sulphate.
Barium Sulphate is known to be composed of a barium cation and the sulphate anion. The sulphur is seen to be attached to four oxygen atoms. BaSO4 is a sulphate salt of barium and is found as the mineral barite which is a crystalline solid white which is insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in concentrated acids.
Barium Sulphate is odourless.
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Which of the following compounds are ionic compounds?
Answer: Sodium chloride
Lithium iodide
Explanation:ther just are
pts) a. what would be the expected result if you added concentrated nitric acid (hno3) instead of hydrochloric acid to each test tube in step 7?
If we added concentrated nitric acid (hno3) instead of hydrochloric acid to each test tube in step 7 Both NaCl(s) and NaC,H,O,(s) would precipitate out of solution.
Salt is another name for sodium chloride. It occurs in sea and inland waters. Additionally, rock salt is obtainable. Seawater contains 1% to 5% sodium chloride. It is a crystalline, white substance. When it is in an aqueous state, it is referred to as a saline solution. This substance is water soluble and contains sodium cation and chloride anion. Sodium and chloride ions are present in a 1:1 ratio. It is commonly known as table salt and is primarily used in the food industry for flavouring and preservation. The pH of sodium chloride is 7.
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how much 6.01 m naoh must be added to 440.0 ml of a buffer that is 0.0205 m acetic acid and 0.0255 m sodium acetate to raise the ph to 5.75
First, we need to calculate total moles of acetic buffer. Then, with H-H equation, we need to find ratio of moles of acetate and acetic acid.
The moles of acetate increased are due the addition of moles of NaOH. Thus, we can find the volume of 5.80M NaOH that must be added:
Moles acetic acid and sodium acetate:
Acetic acid: 0.550L * (0.0215mol/L) = 0.011825 moles
Acetate: 0.550L * (0.0255mol/L) = 0.014025 moles
Total moles = 0.02585 moles = [Acetate] + [Acetic acid] (1)
H-H equation:
pH = pKa + log [Acetate] / [Acetic acid]
Where pH is 5.75;
pKa of acetic acid is 4.74;
And [ ] could be taken as moles of each species.
5.75 = 4.74 + log [Acetate] / [Acetic acid]
10.2329 = [Acetate] / [Acetic acid] (2)
Replacing (1) in (2):
10.2329 = 0.02585 - [Acetic acid] / [Acetic acid]
10.2329[Acetic acid] = 0.02585 - [Acetic acid]
11.2329[Acetic acid] = 0.02585
[Acetic acid] = 0.002301 moles.
Moles acetate:
[Acetate] = 0.02585 moles - 0.002301 moles = 0.023549 moles
Initial moles were 0.014025 moles, moles of acetate added (Due the addition of NaOH) are:
0.023549 moles - 0.014025 moles = 0.009524 moles of NaOH
Therefore volume is 0.009524 moles of NaOH * (1L / 5.80mol) = 1.64x10⁻³L = 1.64mL of 5.80M are added
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calculate the percentage of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.80 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr. calculate the percentage of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.80 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr. 0.11 % 9.2 × 10-4 % 1.1 % 0.92 % 1.1 × 10-2 % 0.11 %
The percentage of water vapor having partial pressure 0.80torr in a sample is 0.10%.
How can pressure be calculated?
The formula for calculating pressure is P = F / A, or force per unit of surface area. The sign for pressure in physical science is p, and the SI unit for measuring pressure is the pascal (symbol: Pa). One pascal is equivalent to one Newton per square meter of force applied perpendicularly to a surface.
What is the pressure unit in the SI?
One newton per square meter (N/m2 or kg m-1s-2) is equivalent to one pascal (represented as Pa), the SI unit of pressure. This name was surprisingly awarded in 1971.
Briefing:
Partial pressure of water = 0.80 torr
Air has a total pressure of 735 torr.
Concentration of water vapor is = 0.80/735×10^6
= 1088.43 ppm
= 0.10%
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What happens to the chemistry of the seawater as more co2 is absorbed into the oceans?.
As more co2 is absorbed into the oceans the PH of the oceans dropped, making the water there more acidic.
Why does seawater include substances?
Seawater contains a wide variety of distinctive compounds. Numerous of these chemicals can be seen as a result of freshwater in water evaporating and leaving behind salt. Water, or H2O, is a pure substance made up only of water and oxygen.
What class of chemical solution is seawater?
Seawater is a mixture of dissolved chemicals and rainwater. Water is a fantastic solvent. Solvents are juices that dissolve other substances. The bulk of the water on earth, including the liquid in oceans, lakes, rivers, and ponds, contains a variety of solutes.
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Which gas is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory that says there are no attractive or repulsive forces between molecules?.
SF6 gas is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory that says there are no attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.
The synthetic fluorinated compound sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 gas) has a very stable molecular structure. Electricity utilities heavily rely on SF6 in electric power systems for voltage insulation, current interruption, and arc quenching during the transmission and distribution of electricity due to its special dielectric properties. The strongest greenhouse gas currently known, however, is this one. SF6 traps infrared radiation 22,800 times better over a 100-year period than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide. With a 3,200-year atmospheric lifetime, SF6 is also a very stable chemical. As the gas is released, it builds up in the atmosphere where it remains essentially undamaged for centuries. Therefore, a relatively small amount of SF6 can have a big impact on the world.
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ct the bond order for the molecule cs2, which exists in the gas phase at high temperature. would cs2 be paramagnetic or diamagnetic? bond order
In the gas phase, orbital mixing or sigma pi crossover occurs at high temperatures. Between carbon and oxygen molecules, there are differences in the molecular orbital arrangement.
What do you think of orbital theory?
Every atom has a propensity to cluster together to form molecular orbitals, claims the molecular orbital theory. Because of this arrangement, electrons are commonly connected to various nuclei and can be found in a wide range of atomic orbitals.
How is the theory of molecular orbitals created?
The atomic orbitals of the molecules' atoms are combined to form the molecules' molecular orbitals. Take the H2 molecule as an illustration. The mathematical functions for the two 1s atomic orbitals that combine to produce one of the molecule's molecular orbitals are added together.
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During the transamination process, the enzyme transaminases uses ________ as a cofactor.
A) Tetrahydrofolate
B) Folate
C) Pyridoxal pyrophosphate
D) Phylloquinone
During the transamination process, the enzyme transaminases use Pyridoxal pyrophosphate as a cofactor.
All transamination reactions, as well as several amino acid oxylation and deamination processes, involve the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. The aminotransferase enzyme's epsilon-amino group of a particular lysine group forms a Schiff-base bond with the aldehyde group of pyridoxal phosphate.
The epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue in the active site is replaced by the alpha-amino group of the amino acid substrate. The ensuing intermediate, a quinoid, undergoes deprotonation to become an aldimine, which is then protonated to become a ketimine by accepting a proton in a different position. Ketamine undergoes hydrolysis, leaving the amino group on the protein complex intact.
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the heat of vaporization of h2s, at its boiling point (–61°c) is 18.8 kj/mol. what mass of h2s can be vaporized (at its boiling point) with 100 kj of energy?
Mass of h2s can be vaporized (at its boiling point) with 100 kj of energy is 181g.
Energy = 100 kj
heat of vaporization of h2s = 18.8 kj/mol
Mass of h2s can be vaporized = Energy x molar mass/ heat of vaporization .
100 x 1 x 34.1g/18.8 = 181g
An object's or a substance's mass is a measurement of how much matter there is in it. Although grams can be used to measure smaller masses instead of kilograms, which is the standard SI unit for mass Using a balance would be necessary to determine mass. The quantity of matter in a specific object is measured by its mass. It will have the same mass regardless of where that object is in the vast universe. A measurement of the gravitational force acting on an object is its weight, on the other hand. Mass/weight units. The metric system uses the mass units gram (g), kilogram (kg), and tonne (t). 1000 g = 1 kg. A ton is 1000 kilograms.
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n a hydrogen fuel cell, the steps of the chemical reaction are at electrode: h2 2oh 2h2o 2e; at electrode: 12o2 h2o 2e 2oh. calculate the voltage of the cell. what is the minimum voltage required for elec- trolysis of water? explain briefly.
The minimum voltage required for electrolysis of water is 1.23 eV.
The cell reactions involved are given as,
At (-) electrode:
H₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2H₂O + 2e⁻
At (+) electrode:
1/2 O₂ + H₂O + 2e⁻ → 2OH⁻
Gibbs energy is given as,
ΔG = W
The work done of a reaction is given as,
W = 2/2Nₐ
Given,
W = 237 J
Nₐ = 6.023 × 10²³
Substituting the values we get,
W = 237/2×6.023 × 10²³
= [237 kJ(1000J/1KJ)]/2(6.023 × 10²³)
= 1.968 × 10⁻¹⁹{10eV/1.61(1J)}
= 1.23 eV
Hence, the minimum voltage required for electrolysis of water is 1.23eV.
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How does the statement like dissolves like apply to the basic principles of solubility?.
that non-polar molecules will typically dissolve in non-polar solvents while polar molecules will typically dissolve well in polar solvents.
In terms of the solubility of solids and liquids, what does the phrase like dissolves like mean?According to the adage "like dissolves like," polar and ionic chemicals will dissolve in any substance if it is polar. Only non-polar compounds can be dissolved in it if the solvent is non-polar. Hexane in benzene, for instance.
The different solubilities of solutes in diverse solvents are explained by the principle of like dissolves.If the intermolecular interactions between the two components are similar, a substance will dissolve in a solvent; for instance, polar solutes will dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes will dissolve in non-polar solvents, proving that "like dissolves like".
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which member in each pair of liquids has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature? (a) c2h6 c4h10 (b) ch3ch2f ch3ch2oh (c) nh3 ph3
C2H6 has the higher vapor pressure. C4H10 and C2H6 are both nonpolar and thus have London dispersion forces only. C2H6 is a smaller molecule and thus has weaker dipole forces and a higher vapor pressure.
C2H6 has lower mass then C4H10 And alto Vander wall fond between C2H6 molecules is lever then that of C4H10. So C2H6 will be Lighter vapor pressure.
CH3CH2OH possess hydrogen Sending due to which they will be strongly attracted to each other as compared to CH3CH3F. So CH3CH3F will has high Lighter vapor pressure due to less attraction motion between them.
NH3 will also posse's hydrogen bonding. So PH3 will have higher vapor pressure.
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in which species can we describe the central atom as having sp3d hybridization? select all that apply.
In which species can we describe the central atom as having sp³d hybridization is SF₄.
The hybridization of SF₄ :
number of electron pair = 1 / 2 [ V + N + C - A ]
where, V = number of valence electron = 6
N = number of molecule = 4
C = cation = 0
A = anion = 0
number of electrons pair = 1 /2 [ 6 + 4 ]
= 5
The , number of electron pair is 5 out which 4 are bonding electrons and one is non bonding electron pair , present as lone pair. the hybridization is sp³d.
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Use the following table to answer the question. Strong acids weak acids weak bases strong bases hbr ch3cooh nh3 naoh hno3 hf nh4oh koh h2so4 hcn ca(oh)2 which of these is a neutral salt? na2so4 nacn kf (nh4)2so4.
Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) is a neutral salt among all given salt.
Salts are formed by the reaction of acid and base. General equation for the generation of salt is given by:
HX + BOH → BX + H2O
Where HX is a Acid and BOH is a base and BX is a salt.
Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) is formed by a reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid which are strong base and acid, respectively. Thus, it is a neutral salt with a pH of 7.
The reaction between the sulphuric acid and the ammonium hydroxide produces ammonium sulphate(Nh4OH). Sulphuric acid is a strong acid and ammonium hydroxide is a weak base. Therefore, the salt formed by ammonium sulphate is acidic.
Potassium fluoride, KF is neither an acid nor a base. It is a basic salt. KF is a salt made from the neutralisation of weak acid (HF) and strong base (KOH). Its pH value is more than 7.
NaCN is neither an acid nor base. It is formed from the neutralisation of a strong base, namely Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and a weak acid, namely Hydrocyanic acid (HCN), however, NaCN is said to be basic salt, due to the formation of OH– radicals when dissolved in aqueous solution.
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this is the chemical formula for methyl tert-butyl ether (the clean-fuel gasoline additive mtbe):a chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are moles of carbon in a sample of methyl tert-butyl ether. how many moles of oxygen are in the sample?be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits
The Number of moles required for MTBE is 2 as per molarity based chemistry theories.
A flammable liquid with a distinct, unpleasant smell is called methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Since the 1980s, it has been added to unleaded gasoline as a fuel additive to promote more effective burning. It is created by mixing chemicals like isobutylene and methanol. Gallstones can be removed with MTBE as well. In this type of treatment, surgically inserted special tubes are used to deliver MTBE directly to the gall bladders of the patients. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a colorless liquid with a distinct anesthetic-like smell. Vapors are narcotic and heavier than air. 131 °F boiling point. 18 °F is the flash point. It is miscible in water and less dense than water. Boosts the octane of gasoline.Therefore it has 2 moles of oxygen.To study about isobutylene -
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be sure to answer all parts. menthyl chloride and neomenthyl chloride have the structures shown. one of these stereoisomers undergoes elimination on treatment with sodium ethoxide in ethanol much more readily than the other. which reacts faster, menthyl chloride and neomenthyl chloride? why?
The hydrogen atoms in menthyl chloride are all facing the same direction, which places the chloride atom in a different location. Because of this, it is eliminated more slowly than neomenthyl chloride.
What does a low chloride level mean?Low levels of chlorine in your body lead to hypochloremia. It can be brought on by fluid loss from vomiting or nausea as well as by pre-existing disorders, illnesses, or drugs. To confirm hypochloremia, your doctor could do a blood test. Restoring your body's chloride levels helps alleviate hypochloremia in minor cases.
What meals contain a lot of chloride?Table salt and sea salt both include chloride in the form of sodium chloride. Additionally, many veggies contain it. Foods having greater chloride content include rye, tomatoes, seaweed, and.
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what systematic error are we trying to reduce by using chilled water in a calorimeter before adding a hot metal?
Error we trying to reduce by using chilled water in a calorimeter before adding a hot metal is specific heat calculation.
These circumstances are ideal since they make temperature variations more obvious.
In this experiment, ice was introduced to the calorimeter to cool the water below room temperature before the hot metal was added. We can lower systemematic error in this method. The specific heat calculation would be off if we used water that was room temperature.
Unwanted heat loss to the environment is typically the main source of mistake in calorimetry. By adding a lid and insulating the calorimeter's sides, this can be decreased.
Following are three potential sources of mistake in a calorimetry: measurement of temperature, mass calculation, unwanted heat leakage to the environment.
Thus, using chilled water in a calorimeter before adding a hot metal will reduce systematic errors.
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Barium-131 is used in the detection of bone tumors. The half-life of barium-131 is approximately 12 days. How long will it take for the radiation level of barium-131 to drop to 1/4 of its original level?.
It will take 24 days long for the radiation level of barium-131 to drop to 1/4 of its original level.
What is radiation level?
To achieve a more stable state, an unstable atom will sometimes release energy on its own, causing radioactivity. Ionizing Energy released by a radioactive atom is known as radiation. Different radioactive atoms of the same element with varying amounts of neutrons are known as radioactive isotopes.
These forces eliminate extra atomic energy in order to achieve a strong, stable balance (radioactivity). Radiation is the term for the spontaneous emission of energy that may occur as a result of unstable nuclei during that process.
Therefore, It will take 24 days long for the radiation level of barium-131 to drop to 1/4 of its original level.
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What is the density of an aqueous solution that
has a mass of 10.081 g and 12.5 mL?
Answer:
10.081g÷12.5cm³ = 0.806g/cm³
draw a lewis structure for nbr3. the next four questions use the lewis structure of nbr3. what is the electronic geometry?
Lewis structure for nbr3 is:
5+7(3) = 26
structure:
:[tex]\ddot{Br}[/tex]:[tex]\ddot{N}[/tex]:[tex]\ddot{Br}[/tex]:
:[tex]\ddot{Br}[/tex]:
What is Lewis structure?
A Lewis structure is a very condensed representation of the electrons in the valence shell of a molecule. It provides a picture of the location of the electrons around the atoms of a particular molecule. The electrons are shown as "dots" or as a line when two atoms are bound together.
An oxygen atom, for example, has six electrons in its outer shell.
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is n-acetyl-β-ᴅ-glucosamine a reducing sugar? what about ᴅ-gluconate? is the disaccharide glcn(α1????1α)glc a reducing sugar? draw each sugar.
N-acetyl-β-glucosamine is reducing sugar whereas D-gluconate and GlcN(α1-1α-)Glc are non reducing sugar.
Because it has a free anomeric carbon at position C-1 that can open to the straight-chain form and be oxidized, N-acetyl-β-glucosamine is a reducing sugar. D-gluconate is not a reducing sugar because its anomeric carbon at C-1 is already oxidized to the level of a carboxylic acid. Because it lacks a free anomeric carbon, the disaccharide GlcN(α1-1α-)Glc is not a reducing sugar. This compound's two glucose units' anomeric carbons are linked together by an O-glycosidic bond, preventing them from opening to the straight-chain forms needed for oxidation.
Hence, reducing behavior is decided on basis of free OH group on anomeric carbon.
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assuming the magnesium ribbon wasn't sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxie on the surface. how would this affect the volume of hydrogen gas produced? would this error cause the gas constant to be overestimated, underestimated, or remain unaffected? please explain your reasoning.
The magnesium ribbon wasn't sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxie on the surface. how would this affect the volume of hydrogen gas produced? would this error cause the gas constant to be overestimated, underestimated, or remain unaffected?
1. Since, the magnesium ribbon wasn’t sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxide on surface, the actual mass of magnesium taken will be less (as it also contains magnesium oxide). Hence, the number of moles of magnesium reacted and the number of moles of hydrogen produced will be less. Due to this, the volume of hydrogen gas produced will be less and the gas constant will be underestimated. R=\frac {PV}{nT} . Here n is calculated from weight of Mg taken but V is measured. Thus values of n will be same but the value of V will be lower. Hence, the value of R will be lower.
2. When droplets of water are remaining in the eudiometer tube, there volume will be added to the volume of hydrogen and the measured volume of hydrogen will be more than actual volume. Due to this, the value of the gas constant will be overestimated.
3. When small amount of hydrogen dissolves in water, the measured volume of hydrogen will be lower than the actual volume. This will underestimate the value of the gas constant.
4. When the temperature of the gas was underestimated, the value of the gas constant will be overestimated as the gas constant is inversely proportional to the temperature. {PV}
R=
{nT}.
Magnesium is a chemical detail with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. it is a glittery gray solid which stocks many bodily and chemical residences with the alternative 5 alkaline earth metals (institution 2 of the periodic desk).
This element is produced in huge, growing old stars from the sequential addition of three helium nuclei to a carbon nucleus. whilst such stars explode as supernovas, a lot of the magnesium is expelled into the interstellar medium wherein it may recycle into new big name structures. Magnesium is the eighth maximum abundant element inside the Earth's crust and the fourth maximum not unusual detail in the Earth (after iron, oxygen and silicon), making up 13% of the planet's mass and a big fraction of the planet's mantle. it's miles the 0.33 maximum abundant detail dissolved in seawater, after sodium and chlorine.
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an aqueous ethanol solution (400 ml) was diluted to 4.00 l, giving a concentration of 0.0400 m. the concentration of the original solution was m. question 29 options: 4.00 2.00 1.60 0.400 0.200
The ethanol solution (400 ml) was diluted to 4.00 l, which gives a concentration of 0.0400 M. The concentration of the original solution is 0.400 M.
To solve this question, first we need to convert the given volume of a diluted solution in ml
4.00 L×(1000 mL/1 L)=4000 mL
According to the dilution law, degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte is inversely proportional to the square root of molar concentration. The dilution law in the form of formula is
M₁V₁=M₂V₂
Where, M₁=?
V₁=400 mL
V₂=4000 mL
M₂=0.0400 M
Rearrange the formula for M₁ and solve
M₁=(M₂×V₂/V₁)
M₁=(0.0400 M×4000 mL/400 mL)
M₁=(160 M/400)
M₁=0.400 M
Therefore, the concentration of the original solution is 0.400 M.
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how do endotherms and ectotherms derive most of their body heat? multiple choice ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes. both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment. ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their fur, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through insulating scales. ectotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes.
Ectotherms derive most of their body heat through the environment,
while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic
processes.
What are Metabolic processes?
Metabolic processes are the chemical and energy-requiring processes that occur within a living organism and are necessary for the maintenance of life. These processes include the breakdown of food molecules to obtain energy, the synthesis of new molecules and the transport of molecules around the body. Examples of metabolic processes include respiration, digestion, fermentation, and cellular respiration.
Explain the terms Endotherms and Ectotherms?
Endotherms are organisms that generate their own body heat, such as mammals and birds. They can regulate their internal temperatures and are not reliant on external sources of heat for their body temperature.
Ectotherms are organisms that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature, such as reptiles and amphibians. They are unable to generate their own body heat and instead rely on external sources such as the sun, warm rocks or warm water.
Therefore, the correct option would be Option A.
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caammonium phosphate is an important ingrediant in many solid fertilizers. it can be made by reacitng aqeous phosphoric acid with liquid ammonia. calculate the moles of ammonia needed to produce 0.085 mol of ammonium phosphae
Number of moles of ammonia to produced Ammonium phosphate=3
First balance the chemical reaction between aqueous phosphoric acid and liquid ammonia
H3PO4 (aq) + 3NH3 (l) = (NH4)3PO4
From the balanced above reaction it is clearly that,
1 mole of aqueous phosphoric acid reacts with 3 mole of liquid ammonia to form 1 mole of ammonium phosphate
Hence,
Number of moles of ammonia to produced Ammonium phosphate=3
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