Directed Reading for Key Terms
Content Mastery
Chemical Reactions
Directions: Unscramble the terms in italics to complete the sentences below. Write the terms on the lines provided.
1. A sonoditecimpo reaction is one in which a substance
breaks down into two or more substances.
(TIL
2. A chemical noqituae describes a chemical reaction using
chemical formulas and other symbols.
3. In an ingrocexe reaction, the amount of energy needed to
break the original bonds is less than the energy released
when new bonds form.
4. In a glinse-spladicetnem reaction, one element replaces
another in a compound.
5. A lamcechi reaction is a change in which one or more
substances are converted into new substances.
6. A snteshisy reaction is one in which two or more
substances combine to form another substance.
7. In an icehomextr reaction, the energy given off is primarily
in the form of heat.
8. The kind of reaction energy that requires energy in the
form of heat is called remdothcine.
9. An orhibint ties up a reactant and prevents it from
undergoing the original reaction.
10. The insoluble compound that forms during a double-
displacement reaction is called a treaticipep.
11. When more energy is required to break bonds than to
form new ones, the reaction in called gonderince.
Javisina
12. The numbers that represent the number of units of each
substance taking part in a reaction are called isceffoticen.
cin
13. A chemical reaction that has the same number of elements
labor neaille on both sides of the equation is deblanac.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The volume of water and alcohol present in 635 mL of this solution are 381 mL and 254 mL respectively.

As we are given that 40.0 % (v/v) alcohol solution. That means, 40.0 mL of alcohol present 100 mL of solution.

Now we have to calculable the volume of alcohol in 635 mL solution.

As, 100 mL of solution contains 40.0 mL of alcohol

So, 675 mL of solution contains (635/100)*40 = 254 of alcohol

Thus, the volume of alcohol = 254 mL

Now we have to calculate the volume of water.

Volume of water = Volume of solution - Volume of alcohol

Volume of water = 635 mL - 254 mL

Volume of water = 381 mL

Thus, the volume of water = 381 mL

Therefore, the volume of water and alcohol present in 635 mL of this solution are 381 mL and 254 mL respectively.

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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.

What is Partial bonding?

When a pi electron is distributed among three or more atoms, a partial pi bond results. Two parallel lines—one solid and one dashed—like a typical double bond are used to represent a partial double bond. A partial triple bond can result from a partial pi bond as well.

Due to the unequal distribution of electrons in bonds, partial charges differ from negatively charged ions, whereas total negative charges are caused by an excess of electrons in comparison to protons.

Therefore, Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.

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Carbon dioxide is created by burning a 6.0 g sample of carbon. The reaction only produces a 60% yield. Actual carbon dioxide production was 13.2g.

C + O2 = CO2

Moles of C in 6.0g = 6.0/12 =  0.5 moles

as 1 moles of C gives 1 mole of CO₂

Thus 0.5 moles of C will give 0.5 moles of CO₂

As, CO₂ produce is 60%

Thus, moles of CO₂ produced=(0.5x60)/100 = 0.3 moles of CO₂

Amount of CO2 produced=  Moles x Molecular mass

= 0.3 × 44

= 13.2g

Thus, 13.2g of CO₂ will be produced.

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option b. is correct Only I and II are true

A Lewis structure is a structural representation of a molecule in which dots represent electron locations surrounding the atoms and lines/dot pairs represent covalent interactions between atoms. For any covalently bound molecule or coordination complex, a Lewis structure can be drawn. As a result, the proper statements in this problem are:

I. The formal charge on all atoms should be zero, or as close to zero as possible.

II. The charge on the molecule or ion should be equal to the sum of the formal charges on all the atoms.

Only options e. I and II are available.

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Answer:babb

Explanation:

When two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons, the product formed is covalent compound. Therefore, option C is correct.

An electron exchange that results in the formation of electron pairs between atoms is known as a covalent compound. Bonding pairs or sharing pairs are the names given to these electron pairs.

Covalent bonding is the stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons.

One positive and one negative ion are created as a result of this. Ionic bonds are created when opposing charges attract one another. Covalent Bonds are Non-metals can join together to form covalent bonds. When non-metals share their valence electrons, covalent bonds are created.

Thus, option C is correct.

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As a result, there is a net change in enthalpy of -376 kJ for the synthesis of one mole of nitric acid from nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Hess's constant heat summation law states.

No matter if a chemical reaction involves one step or numerous, the amount of heat absorbed or evolved remains constant. The heat absorbed or evolved in a particular chemical equation is the same whether the process takes place in one step or numerous steps, according to Hess's law of constant heat summation.

The enthalpy change for steps 1 through 3 is equal to 1/2*(-92)+(-330) = -376kj. Step 1's enthalpy change is -92kj. Step 2's enthalpy change is -330kj.

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The mass of solute needed to prepare 1.575 l of 0.00250 m naclo3 is 0.419g.

1.575 L x 0.00250 mols / L x 106.45 g / mol = 0.419 g.

Sodium chlorate is used as an oxidizer in the manufacture of dyes, explosives, and matches. mass of solute= volume of solution× concentration of solution. Mass of solute plus mass of solvent equals mass of solution. Calculating the mass/mass percent is simple if you are able to measure the masses of the solute and the solution. To calculate the correct concentration, all masses must be stated in the same units. Another type of % concentration is known as mass/volume percent, which compares the volume of the solution to the mass or weight of the solute in grams (for example) (e.g., in mL).

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Its binding energy is 1020 MeV per kilojoule. Enter your response using the exponential notation (1.23e4), three significant figures, and no units. Utilize the masses: 1h atom mass.

Given: an In-120 atom weighs 119.907890 amu.

In-120 has 49 protons and 49 electrons in each atom.

quantity of neutrons = (mass number) - (number of protons) (number of protons)

quantity of neutrons = (120) - (49) (49)

71 neutrons are present.

Number of electrons/protons times mass of a 1H atom equals mass of electrons and protons. Therefore, the mass of electrons and protons is equal to (49) * (1.007825 amu), or 49.383425 amu.

Number of neutrons multiplied by the mass of a neutron yields the mass of neutrons as (71) * (1.008665 amu), or 71.615215 amu.

Mass overall = (mass of electrons and protons) - (mass of neutrons) (mass of neutrons)

Total mass equals 49.383425 amu plus (71.615215 amu)

120.99864 amu is the total mass.

Mass change is equal to (Total mass) - (mass of a In-120 atom)

(120.99864 amu) - change in mass (119.907890 amu)

mass change = 1.09075% amu

Change in mass equals 1.09075 amu * (931.5 MeV/c2 / 1 amu)

= 1016 MeV/c2 change in mass

binding energy is equal to (change in mass) times (light speed) squared.

bound energy = (1016 MeV/c2) * (c)

= 1020 MeV for binding energy.

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Aseptic process involves sterilizing the package and food separately and then packaging the food. So the option C is correct.

Aseptic manufacturing requires constant environmental monitoring, specially trained and experienced workers to perform the operations, specialized equipment, and cleaning procedures. If the aseptic process is compromised, there is a serious risk to both the product and the patients.

Aseptic process is a process which involves placing of a sterilized product into a sterilized package and then sealing the product under the sterilized conditions. It ensures that the product is without any bacteria. Many products degrade when gone through the harsh conditions of sterilization but aseptic processes allows the safe production of all those products.

Aseptic packaging is also a type of thermal sterilization. It is process in which commercially sterilized food item is placed in a sterilized package followed by sealing under aseptic environment. It is highly recommended for the preservation of tomato paste, and fruit juices.

Heat treatment, chemical application, or both can be utilized for sterilization in this process. Paper and plastic are generally used in conventional aseptic packaging.

Basically, there are two approaches of aseptic packaging:

composed of steam infusion and steam injunction

comprises scrapped surface heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, and tubular heat exchanger

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The most accurate statement to explain the phenomena would be that the enthalpy change being positive means that the reaction is endothermic.

Endothermic reactions are reactions in which the energy level of the reactants is lower than the energy level of the products of the reaction. In other words, exothermic reactions take energy from the surroundings rather than releasing energy to the surroundings.

Reactions that release energy to the surroundings are otherwise known as exothermic reactions. Here, the reactants are usually at a higher energy level than the products.

When it comes to enthalpy change, since endothermic reactions consume energy from the surroundings and the products are usually at a higher energy level, the enthalpy change is positive.

This is unlike exothermic reactions in which the enthalpy change is negative because heat is released into the surroundings instead.

Thus, the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is said to be endothermic because the enthalpy change is positive.

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The high energy molecules escape from the surface of the bromine, this is due to bromine's high volitivity (which is due to its weak intermolecular forces).

What is  Brownian motion ?

In chemistry, the term "Brownian Movement" refers to a particle's zigzagging motion that is thought to be random and is typically seen under an ultra-high power microscope. The term "Brownian movement" refers to the movement that exactly matches Robert Brown's explanation of the motion of pollen grains in water.

What is energy?

The energy that is contained in chemical compound bonds is referred to as chemical energy (molecules and atoms). In what is referred to as an exothermic reaction, it is released during the chemical reaction and mostly generates heat as a byproduct.

Firstly, the high energy molecules escape from the surface of the bromine, this is due to bromine's high volitivity (which is due to its weak intermolecular forces).

Then due to Brownian motion (the random motion of microscopic particles) there is a net movement of bromine molecules from the region of high concentration (the area above the liquid bromine) spreading out into an area of low concentration. (the rest of the container).

Therefore,  the high energy molecules escape from the surface of the bromine, this is due to bromine's high volitivity (which is due to its weak intermolecular forces).

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To reach the create an object with symmetry, 184 mL of base, LiOH have been needed.

Chemicals that react with hydrogen atoms to neutralize acids are known as bases. The bulk of bases are composed of minerals, which react with acids to form water and salts. As examples of bases, consider the metal oxides, hydroxides, and calcite. The soluble bases are the alkalis.

One of the core units that can be used to create other units in a measurement system that relies on a phenomena or accepted norm. The metre, kilogram, second, ampere, farenheit, mole, and candela are the foundational elements of the World System of Units.

Acid volume, HCOOH (Vi) = 69.0 mL

Acid molarity is HCOOH (Milliamperes) = 0.4 M.

LiOH (Mb) has a molarity of 0.150 M.

MaVa / MbVb = nA / nB

(0.4 × 69) / (0.150 × Vb) = 1

27.6 / (0.150 × Vb) = 1

0.150 × Vb = 27.6

Divide both side by 0.150

Vb = 27.6 / 0.150

Vb = 184 mL

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Answer:

Explanation:

The knowledge of venom composition as well as structure and properties of its components on the one hand may give the clue for better treatment of bites and stings on the other hand it may lead to the discovery of new medicines.

Dehydration of 3-methyl cyclohexanol would yield two products: 3-methyl cyclohexene and 3-methyl cyclohexanone. The product that would predominate would be 3-methyl cyclohexene.

This is due to the fact that the reaction of dehydration proceeds through an E1 mechanism, which favors the formation of the more substituted alkene due to an energy difference between the two products. The reaction would look like this:

3-methylcyclohexanol  -> 3-methylcyclohexene + H₂O.

The dehydration of alcohol proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by the presence of the methyl group on the cyclohexane ring.

This stabilization allows for the formation of the more substituted alkene, which has lower energy than the other product.

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False, the flavors of frozen desserts are more pronounced when they are very cold. It is False because it is against of weather. It will not suit to our health. So nobody will prefer it.

What is the Weather?

Weather is the phase of the atmosphere, describing for example the measure to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or hazy.

What is Health?

WHO describes health as a state of overall physical, mental and social goodness and not merely the default of disease or weakness.

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45.1 ml of 0.104 mm hcl solution is needed to neutralize a solution of koh , 0.294 grams of koh must be present in the solution

MHCl*VHCl = MKOH*VKOH = moles of KOH

moles of KOH = 0.116 M x (45.2/1000) L = 5.24 x 10^-3 mol

molar mass of KOH = 56.1 g/mol

mass of KOH = molar mass x moles = 56.1 x 5.24 x 10^-3 = 0.294 g

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The amount of heat evolved by a reaction is, 53.84 kJ

Heat released by the reaction = Heat absorbed by the calorimeter + Heat absorbed by the water

q = [q1 + q2]

q = [c1× ∆T]+[m2×c2×∆T]

where,

q = heat released by the reaction

q1 = heat absorbed by the calorimeter

q2 = heat absorbed by the water

c1 = specific heat of calorimeter = 600 j/g°c

c2 = specific heat of water = 4.184 j/g°c

m2 = mass of water = 500 g

∆T = change in temperature = 20°c

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

q = (600×20) + (500×4.184×20)

q = 12000 + 41840

q = 53840 J

q = 53.84 kJ

Therefore, the amount of heat evolved by a reaction is, 53.84 kJ

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The Concentration is 0.055 M

Solution:

pOH = 1/2(pKb - logC)

pOH = 14-pH = 14-10.31 = 3.69

pKb = -log kb = -log 7.100 x 10-7 = 64

3.69 = 1/2(6.12-log C)

Concentration = 0.055 M

Solution concentration is defined as the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. It can be expressed as mass x mass percent of solution = mass of solute mass in solution × 100. mass x volume percent of solution = mass of solute mass in solution × 100.

By focusing, you can make better use of your resources and tackle problems more efficiently. When you concentrate, you are less likely to miss important information. Staying focused makes it easier to remember things. Focus means control of attention. It is the ability to focus the mind on a subject or an object.

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The correct steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are as follows: denaturation, annealing, and extension. Hence, the answer is C.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) requires 3 steps for any DNA synthesis reaction, which are:

By the steps described above, we can conclude that the correct answer is C. Denaturation, annealing, extending.

The question seems incomplete. The complete query is as follows:

“The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is:

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To Find:

Formula used:

0°C = 273 K

So, 17°C = 290 K

Let the volume of gas be V

Using the formula, we get

0.6 x V = 2.5x0.082x290

V = 2.5x0.82x290/6

V = 99.08 Litres

So, volume of gas will be 99 litres approx.

• Al --> Al3+ is an oxidation and 3 electrons on right side are needed.

Cu2+ --> Cu is a reduction and 2 electrons on left side are needed.

• 2 F- --> F₂ is an oxidation and 2 electrons on right side are needed.

In redox reaction, we can identify 2 kinds of half-reactions:

Let's consider following half-reactions.

• AI⇒ Al 3+

This is an oxidation because oxidation number increases from 0 to 3+. To balance it, we need 3 electrons on the right side.

Cu²+⇒ Cu

This is a reduction because oxidation number decreases from 2+ to 0. To balance it, we need 2 electrons on the right side.

• 2 F- ⇒ F₂

This is an oxidation because oxidation number increases from -1 to 0. To balance it, we need 2 electrons on the right side.

Al --> Al3+ is an oxidation and 3 electrons on the right side are needed.

Cu2+ --> Cu is a reduction and 2 electrons on the left side are needed.

2 F- ---> F2 is an oxidation and 2 electrons on the right side are needed.

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If the mass of the magnesium oxide collected is 0.224 g then the 0.296g solid magnesium is Limiting reagent.

Magnesium is found naturally in the form of periclase, a white hygroscopic solid mineral known as magnesium oxide or magnesia. Its empirical formula is MgO, and it is made up of a lattice of Mg2+ and O2 ions that are kept together by ionic bonding. Different applications for magnesium oxide exist. As an antacid, some people take it to treat acid indigestion, sour stomach, and heartburn. For quick, short-term bowel emptying, magnesium oxide may also be used as a laxative.

A reactant that is completely consumed at the conclusion of a chemical reaction is known as the limiting reagent. The limiting reactant, also known as the limiting reagent, is the reactant that is used first in a chemical reaction, hence restricting the amount of product that can be produced.

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A species that contains a lone (unpaired) electron is referred to as a radical.

A radical is also known as a free radical which can be any atom, ion or molecule having atleast one unpaired valence electron.

When homolysis of a weak covalent bond takes place in presence of heat or sunlight (because breaking a bond requires energy) , two new radicals are formed. Also, in an ionic bond due to electron transfer between two atoms of different valencies and electronegativity, the respective atoms involved in that particular bond dissociates to form radicals. Radicals are also formed in reactions like addition, substution and elimination.

for example : The homolysis of the Br₂ bond forms two Br° radicals

Br-Br + hν → Br° + Br°

In the dissociation of the ionic bond NaCl, Na is the basic radical or cation and Cl is the acid radical or anion

NaCl → Na° + Cl°

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My conclusion about the current stage of development of embryo's image shown above simply is that:

A spinal column is present.

The correct answer choice is option a.

The spinal column simply refers to the bones and other structural substances in the central axis of the skeleton which runs from the base of the skull and extends down to the the tailbone. The spinal column is also known as the vertebral column.

That being said this vertebral or spinal column is found in all animals which possess an axial stiffening known as notochords and in all vertebrate animals ( animals with backbones ). However, this spinal column is well observed and confirmed to be present in the development of the embryo above.

In conclusion, we can now confirm from all said and done above that the spinal column gives protection to the spinal cord.

The image is attached.

Complete question:

The image shows a week-old chick embryo. What can you conclude about its current stage of development?

a. A spinal column is present.

b. The chick will develop four limbs and a beak.

c. It’s an invertebrate.

d. It’s sexually mature.

e. It’s about to undergo a metamorphosis

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The argon inside the container had a pressure of 101 mm Hg, according to the equation.

Stress is a term used to describe a physical force imparted to an item. A horizontal force is exerted per unit area to an object's surface. The basic formula for pressure is G n. (Force per unit area).

An SI unit of pressure, the pascal (abbreviated as Pa), is equal with one newton every sq.m (N/m2 or kg m-1s-2). Surprisingly, this name was chosen in 1971.

The height of the mercury level difference is

    h=10.1cm

With multiplying it by 10, we may translate it to millimeters.

     h=10.1*10=101mm

The closed manometer's pressure would be equal to its height.

P(gas)=h

P(gas)=101mmHg.

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Volume of 2 L soda bottle contain 0.091 ounce mass of air.

Volume given 2 L

and, We know that density of air is 1.29 g/L

So, Density of air = mass of air/volume of air

Thus, 1.29 = mass of air/2

Mass of air = 2.58 g

In ounces; 1 g = 0.35 ounces

so 2.58 g = (2.58 × 0.35) ounces = 0.091 ounces

Hence volume of 2 L of soda bottle contain 0.091 ounces of mass.

What is Density ?

Density, mass of a unit volume of a material substance. The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume. Density is commonly expressed in units of grams per cubic centimetre.

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The water of 17.99 g forms when 63g of HNO₃ mixes with60g of NaOH

When nitric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed, a neutralization reaction takes place, with the salt created by the two substances and water serving as the reaction result. The chemical reaction to the statement in this instance is:

HNO₃ + Na(OH) ⇒ NaNO₃ + H₂O

It is determined whether there is one limiting reagent and one in excess, or if both react entirely, by calculating the molar masses of the reagents and using the masses provided by the statement to compute the ratio in which these compounds are combined.

• The formula for HNO₃'s molar mass is 3xmO + mH + mN, or 3x15.99g + 1g + 14g = 62.97 g/mol.

• The formula for Na(OHmolar )'s mass is: mO + mH + mNa = 15.99g + 1.00g + 22.99g = 39.98 g / mol.

Nitric acid is immediately apparent to be the limiting reagent.

Since there are initially 60 g of hydroxide, some of it will stay unreacted because the balanced equation's stoichiometric ratio states that 1 mole of acid reacts with 1 mole of hydroxide. As a result, 63 g of HNO3 react with 40 g of hydroxide. This proves that acid is the limiting reagent, and calculations to determine how much water will form must be based on this substance.

For 63g of HNO₃ 18g of water is formed. Then,

for 62.97 g of HNO₃,

= 18 g x 63 g equals/62.97 g  

= 17.99 g of water.

As a result, the correct response is that 17.99 g of water will form.

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