Answer:
A. $ 9 comma 050
Explanation:
The operating income(loss) of a business is the result of the sales less operating costs. The operating cost is made up of the fixed cost and the variable cost.
If the Sales is more than the operating cost, the business makes an income otherwise, a loss.
Sales = $5 * 4200
= $21,000
Operating cost = $1.25 * 4200 + $6,700
= $11,950
Operating income(loss) = $21,000 - $11,950
= $9,050
There is often litter along highways but rarely in people's yards. Which of the following statements help explain this observation?
a. Littering on the highway generates a positive externality.
b. The private cost of littering on the highway is low.
c. The private cost of littering on your own yard exceeds the social cost.
Answer:
The answer is A and C
Explanation:
Solution
Social costs refers to the total cost of an activity incurred by society.
Private costs are direct costs incurred by an individual
Frequently there is liter along the high ways but rarely in people's yards because the social cost of littering is more than private cost. since the society must bear the negative externality, the social cost is more and the private cost is less.
The private cost is higher when one liters on his own yard as the cost is only borne or carried by the owner and not the society.
If the interest rate in the United Kingdom is 8 percent, the interest rate in the United States is 10 percent, the spot exchange rate is $1.75/£1, and interest rate parity holds, what must be the one-year forward exchange rate?
Answer:
The answer is $1.78 / £1
Explanation:
Solution
Given that
Interest rate of United kingdom = 8%
Interest rate of United States =10%
Spot exchange rate =$1.75£1
The next step is to find the one year forward rate of exchange
Thus
Forward Rate = S₀ * [ ( 1 + Rus) / ( 1 + RE) ]
=$ 1.75 * ( ( 1 + 10%) / ( 1 + 8%) )
$1.78
Therefore, the forward exchange rate is $ 1.78 / £1
Motorzone offers replacement parts for old Volkswagen Beetles. The company calculates shipping charges based on shipping parts from Boston, even though some parts actually ship from St. Louis. Motorzone most likely practices ________ pricing.
Answer:
basing-point
Explanation:
Basing point pricing is a system used to establish prices in which the business charges a fixed amount for the product and an additional charge for the shipping that is determined according to the customer's distance from a certain place that is called the basing point. According to this, the answer is that Motorzone most likely practices basing-point pricing because they establish the shipping charges based on a pre-determined location even though some products are not in this place.
Riviera Township reported the following data for its governmental activities for the year ended June 30, 20X9: Item Amount Cash and cash equivalents $1,000,000 Receivables 300,000 Capital assets 8,500,000 Accumulated depreciation 1,200,000 Accounts payable 400,000 Long-term liabilities 4,000,000 Additional information available is as follows: All of the long-term debt was used to acquire capital assets. Cash of $475,000 is restricted for debt service. 1) Based on the preceding information, on the statement of net assets prepared at June 30, 20X9, what amount should be reported for total net assets?A) $2,425,000B) $4,200,000C) $2,900,000D) $3,625,0002) Based on the preceding information, on the statement of net assets prepared at June 30, 20X9, what amount should be reported for net assets invested in capital assets, net of related debt?A) $4,200,000B) $2,900,000C) $2,825,000D) $3,300,0003) Based on the preceding information, on the statement of net assets prepared at June 30, 20X9, what amount should be reported for net assets, unrestricted?A) $425,000B) $900,000C) $525,000D) $825,000
Answer:
1. B) $4,200,000
2. D) $3,300,000
3. B) $900,000
Explanation:
1. Total net assets = Total assets - Total Liabilities
=(1,000,000+300,000+8,500,000) - (1,200,000 + 400,000 + 4,000,000)
=9,800,000 - 5,600,000
=$4,200,000
2. The amount that should be reported for net assets invested in capital assets, net of related debt is
=(Capital assets- Accumulated Dep) - Long term debt
=(8,500,000 - 1,200,000) - 4,000,000
=7,300,000 - 4,000,000
=$3,300,000
3. The amount that should be reported for net assets, unrestricted is
=Total Net assets - Net of related debt
=4,200,000 - 3,300,000
=$900,000
Production estimates for July are as follows:
Estimated inventory (units), July 1 725
Desired inventory (units), July 31 1, 200
Expected sales volume (units), July 7,500
For each unit produced four hours of direct labor is required. The labor rate per hour is $15. The number of direct labor hours required for July production is:_________
Answer:
31,900
Explanation:
For the computation of the number of direct labor hours required for July production first we need to find out the production in units which is shown below:-
Production in units = Expected sales in Units + Ending Inventory - Beginning inventory
= 7,500 + 1,200 - 725
= 7,975
Total direct labor hours required = Production in units × Hours per unit
= 7,975 × 4
= 31,900
We simply applied the above formulas
Six years ago, James Corporation sold a $100 million bond issue to expand its facilities. Each debenture has a $1,000 par value, an original maturity of 20 years (there are now 14 years left to maturity), and an annual coupon rate of 11.5% with semiannual payments. If you require a 14% return, what price would you pay today for a James bond?
Answer:
Price of Bonds=$848.286
Explanation:
The value of the bond is the present value (PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV) discounted at the yield rate
Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV
The value of bond for James Corporation can be worked out as follows:
Step 1
PV of interest payments
PV = A × (1+r)^(-n)/r
A- semiannual interest payment, n-number of periods, r- semi annul yield
A-semi- annul interest payment:
=11.5%× 1,000× 1/2 = 75
r-semi-Annual yield = 14%/2 = 7%
n-Maturity period =1 4 × 2= 28
PV of interest payment:
=57.5 × (1- (1+0.07)^(-28)/0.07)
= 697.88
Step 2
PV of Redemption Value
= 1,000 × (1.07)^(-28) = 150.40
Step 3
Price of bond
=697.88 + 150.40
=$848.286
Your uncle lends you $2,000 less $100 (interest at 5 percent), and you receive $1,900. Use the APR formula to find the true annual percentage rate. Assume you repay the entire loan in one year
Answer:
APR =5.263%
Explanation:
Computation of the true annual percentage rate
Using the APR formula to find the true annual percentage rate
APR=(2 × n × I) / [P × (N + 1)]
Hence;
APR= (2 × 1 × $100) / [$1,900 × (1 + 1)]
APR=$200/($1,900×2)
APR=$200/$3,800
APR= 0.05263 ×100
APR =5.263%
Therefore the true annual percentage rate using the APR formula will be 5.263%
Q4) An investment offers a total return of 12.8 percent over the coming year. Janice thinks the total real return on this investment will be only 7 percent. What does Janice believe the approximate inflation rate will be over the next year
Answer:
inflation rate= 5.8%
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
An investment offers a total return of 12.8 percent over the coming year. Janice thinks the total real return on this investment will be only 7 percent.
The real return on investment includes the effect on inflation.
Real rate of return= total return - inflation rate
0.07=0.128 - inflation rate
inflation rate= 0.058= 5.8%
Prepare the journal entry to record Autumn Company’s issuance of 78,000 shares of no-par value common stock assuming the shares:
a. Sell for $32 cash per share.
b. Are exchanged for land valued at $2,496,000.
Answer:
A Journal entry was recorded for Autumn Company which is given below.
Explanation:
Solution
(A) Journal Entry:
No Account and Explanation Debit Credit
a Cash (78000*32) 2496000
Common Stock 2496000
(To record issued common stock)
(B) Journal Entry:
No Account and Explanation Debit Credit
b Land 2496000
Common Stock 2496000
(To record issued common stock)
Tactical decisions define Group of answer choices the day-to-day activities of the organization. the goals and plans of the organization. the domain of operations managers, who are close to the customer. the steps taken to achieve the goals and objectives.
Answer:
E. the steps taken to achieve the goals and objectives.
Explanation:
Tactical decisions are the decisions made by the mid-level management in an organization, in a bid to implement the strategic plans of the director-general of the organization. These decisions are made and implemented within a short period of time. Some tactical decisions include;
1. Structuring of workforce
2. Purchase of items and resources
3. Marketing strategies
4. Allocation of jobs to employees.
When these decisions are made by the middle-level management, they are under obligation to answer to the directors of the organization as to how these decisions were implemented.
The following information for the past year for the Blaine Corporation has been provided:Fixed costs:Manufacturing$ 125, 000$125,000Marketing24,00024,000Administrative20,00020,000Variable costs: Manufacturing $ 110,000$110,000 Marketing 30,00030,000 Administrative 34,00034,000 During the year, the company produced and sold 60,00060,000 units of product at a selling price of $ 12.40$12.40 per unit. There was no beginning inventory of the product at the beginning of the year.What is the contribution margin ratio for Blaine Corporation (round to 1 decimal)?A. 70.470.4 %B. 53.953.9 %C. 22.722.7 %D. 76.676.6 %
Answer:
D. 76.6 %
Explanation:
Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution / Sales × 100
First Calculate the Contribution
Contribution = Sales - Variable Costs
= (60,000 units × $ 12.40) - ($110,000+$30,000+$34,000)
= $744,000 - $174,000
= $570,000
Then Calculate Contribution Margin Ratio
Contribution Margin Ratio = $570,000 / $744,000 × 100
= 76.61290
= 76.6 % ( 1 decimal)
A firm in a purely competitive industry has a typical cost structure. The normal rate of profit in the economy is 5 percent. This firm is earning $5.50 on every $50 invested by its founders.
a. What is its percentage rate of return? 11 percent.
b. Is the firm earning an economic profit? Yes If so, how large? 6 percent.
c. Will this industry see entry or exit? Entry
d. What will be the rate of return earned by firms in this industry once the industry reaches long-run equilibrium?
Answer: The answers are given below
Explanation:
a. What is its percentage rate of return?
From the question, we are told that the firm is earning $5.50 on every $50 invested by its founders. The percentage of return will now be:
= $5.50/$50 × 100%
= 0.11 × 100%
= 11%
b. Is the firm earning an economic profit? If so, how large?
The economic profit will be the difference that exists between the percentage of return which is 11% and the normal rate of profit which is 5%. This will be:
= 11% - 5%
= 6%
The firm is earning economic profit of 6%.
c. Will this industry see entry or exit?
There will be entry into the industry. This is because the percentage of return which is 11% is greater than the normal rate of profit which is 5%.
d. What will be the rate of return earned by firms in this industry once the industry reaches long-run equilibrium?
The rate of return earned by firms in this industry once the industry reaches long-run equilibrium will be 5% which is the normal rate of profit in the economy.
Yosko Company expects to sell 2 comma 000 units of finished product in January and 2 comma 150 units in February. The company has 260 units on hand on January 1 and desires to have an ending inventory equal to 40% of the next month's sales. March sales are expected to be 2 comma 270 units. Prepare Yosko's production budget for January and February.
Answer:
Production budget
January 2,600 units
February 2,198 units
Explanation:
The sales budget is adjusted for the projected opening and closing inventories unit to arrive at the production budget:
The production budget can be determined using the formula below
Production budget = Sales budget + closing inventory- opening inventory
January production budget
Sales budget = 2,000 units
Closing inventory = 40% × February sales = 40% × 2,150
Opening inventory = 260 units
Production budget for January = 2000 + (40% × 2,150) - 260= 2,600 units
February production budget
Sales budget = 2,150
Opening inventory = January closing inventory = 860 units
Closing inventory = 40% × March sales= 40% × 2,270
Production budget fro February = 2,150 + (40% × 2,270) - 860= 2,198 units
Production budget
January 2,600 units
February 2,198 units
Street & Smith publishes the same baseball magazine with exactly the same stories but with 16 different covers to appeal to baseball fans in 16 different regions of the U.S. What is the market segmentation strategy?
Answer:
The answer is 'One product and multiple market segments'
Explanation:
The market segmentation strategy here is One product and multiple market segments.
The product is one product(the magazine story) and this one product (same story) covers 16 different regions of the U.S i.e the same product is selling in 17 market segments.
The advantage of this strategy is that it helps to avoid the additional costs of developing and producing additional versions of the product.
The Morris Corporation has $350,000 of debt outstanding, and it pays an interest rate of 8% annually. Morris's annual sales are $1.75 million, its average tax rate is 30%, and its net profit margin on sales is 8%. If the company does not maintain a TIE ratio of at least 3 to 1, its bank will refuse to renew the loan and bankruptcy will result. What is Morris's TIE ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Answer:
8.14 times
Explanation:
The computation of the Time interest earned ratio is shown below:
As we know that
Times interest earned ratio = (Earnings before interest and taxes) ÷ (Interest expense)
where,
Earnings before interest and taxes = Income before income tax for the year + Interest expense
But before tha, we need to do the following calculations
The interest amount is
= $350,000 × 0.08
= $28,000
The net profit is
= $1,750,000 × 8%
= $140,000
The EBIT is
= Profit before tax + interest expense
= $140,000 ÷ (1 - 0.30) + $28,000
= $200,000 + $28,000
= $228,000
And, the interest expense is $28,000
So, the TIE ratio is
= $228,000 ÷ $28,000
= 8.14 times
All projects are unique:________.
Select one:
A. Therefore all project management circumstances are equally unique.
B. So knowledge should not be transferred to avoid bias in future projects.
C. So knowledge cannot be transferred.
D. But they may have several common points.
Answer:
D. But they may have several common points
Explanation:
Although all projects are unique, they still share similar similarities. So knowledge can be transferred.
Lynn, a company owner, looks at her financial statements. She wants to know how much the cash balance contributed to total assets on the balance sheet. What would you suggest
Answer:
conduct a vertical financial analysis using a total from the balance sheet
Explanation:
Based on what exactly Lynn wants, the best suggestion for her in this scenario would be to conduct a vertical financial analysis using a total from the balance sheet. This is a method of financial statement analysis in which each line item is listed as a percentage of a base figure within the statement. Doing so will give her the percentage that each asset contributed to the total balance sheet.
Question 16 (3 points) The 2011 and 2012 Balance Sheets for Jacob, Inc. contained the following entries: 12/31/201112/31/2012 Accounts receivable$206$116 Inventories$590$603 Net fixed assets$102$307 Accounts payable$329$333 Jacob had materials purchases in 2011 of $1,689 and materials purchases in 2012 of $2,770 . What did Jacob record as Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) on its 2012 income statement
Answer:
$2,857
Explanation:
Cost of goods sold (COGS) refers to the relevant cost incurred to acquire or produce the products being sold a company during a particular period.
The formula for calculating the COGS is as follows:
COGS = Beginning inventories + Purchases - Ending inventories
From the question, we have the following for 2012:
Beginning stock = $590
Purchases = $2,770
Ending inventory = 503
Therefore, we have:
COGS for 2012 = $590 + $2,770 - $503 = $2,857
Therefore, Jacob should record $2,857 as Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) on its 2012 income statement.
XYZ Company makes 400 widgets. The variable costs are $35.60 per unit and fixed costs are $30.00 per unit; however, $21.40 in fixed costs per unit is unavoidable. What is the effect on net income if the company instead buys the widgets from an outside supplier for $44.00 per unit?
Answer:
increase in income of $80
Explanation:
Prepare an Analysis of Costs and Savings if the Company buys from Outside Supplier.
Note : The fixed costs per unit at are unavoidable are irrelevant and disregarded in this decision.
Analysis of Costs and Savings
Purchase Price (400 widgets × $44.00) = ($17,600)
Savings :
Variable Costs ($35.60 × 400 widgets) = $14,240
Fixed Cost ( $8.60 × 400 widgets) = $3,440
Net Income effect = $80
Conclusion :
The effect on net income if the company instead buys the widgets is an increase in income of $80
According to the Phillips curve, policymakers could reduce both the inflation rate and the unemployment rate by Group of answer choices increasing the money supply. raising taxes. increasing government expenditures None of the other answers is correct
Answer:
None of the other answers is correct.
Explanation:
Williams A. Phillips was a notable economist born in New Zealand. Phillips wrote a famous article titled "The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957" published in 1958 by Economica. In the article, he used data for the United Kingdom (U.K) to illustrate on a graph, a negative or inverse relationship between the rate of change of employee wages in the U.K and the unemployment rate in the United Kingdom (U.K).
Consequently, using the Phillips curve it is practically impossible for policymakers to reduce both the inflation rate and the unemployment rate because as the inflation rate decreases; the unemployment rate increases and vice-versa.
However, according to the Phillips curve, policymakers can reduce inflation and increase unemployment if aggregate demand is contracted.
Mr. Thano, age 47, withdrew $22,000 from his employer-sponsored qualified retirement plan to pay for his daughter's wedding. Compute the tax cost of the withdrawal if Mr. Thano has a 24% marginal tax rate on ordinary income. Tax Cost is_____
Answer:
$7,480
Explanation:
Mr Thano withdrew $22,000 at the age of 47
Marginal Tax rate= 24%
At the age of 47 means that the withdraw was made prematurely. Immature withdrawal of retirement plans means withdrawal made before the age of 60-65 years depending on the Country Policy
Hence, Tax Cost = 24% * 22,000
Tax cost = 5,280.
In addition, Mr Thano will be charge premature withdrawal cost of 10% as well
10% * 22000 = 2,200.
In total, the tax cost on the withdrawal of $22,000 is = $5,280 + $2,200 = $7,480
Xochi is a corporate PR consultant. She has many clients and would like to find a more efficient way to access and send information than by e-mail alone. What tool should Xochi use to search and manage this informatio
Answer:
Enterprise social media network.
Explanation:
Enterprise social media network is the use of social network to link people who share common interest. Enterprise social network could be internal to a business such as Yammer, communicator which are meant to communicate among employees or external to a business such as use of Google+ or other social media network platforms which connects a business to it's customers.
The advantage of Enterprise social media networks is that they can be searched such that people can follow, tag or view activity. Here, users can check and send messages conveniently and efficiently to people compare to email alone.
With regards to the above scenario, Xochi should use Enterprise social media network tool to search and manage information.
A new company plans to lose money for the first 5 years of its existence. They think they will lose $4,000,000 in year 1 and the losses are expected to decrease by $150,000 per year for the next three years. At 8% MARR what is the Annual Worth of their losses
Answer:
The answer is $3,789.363
Explanation:
Solution
Given that:
For the first 5 years of functioning, a new company plans to lose money.
In the first year they think they will lose money of the amount = $4,000,000
The expected decrease (losses) is =$150,000 (next three years)
MARR = 8%
Now
We find the annual worth losses which is given below:
Annual worth = $4,000,000 - $150,000(A/G, 8%, 4)
(A/G,i, N) = 1/i - N/(1 +i)^N -1
= 1/0.08 - 4/(1 + 0.08)^4 -1
= 12.5 -4/1.360488961 -1
=12.5 - 11.09606977
=1.40425
Thus,
AW = $4,000,000 - $150,000 ( 1.40425)
AW = $4,000,000 -$210637.5
AW = $3,789. 363
Therefore, the annual worth pf their losses is $3,789.363
Jarrett Baker is the founder of an enterprise software company located in Chevy Chase, Maryland. By looking at the income statements for Jarrett’s business over the past 3 years, you see that its working capital has declined from $42,400 in 2012 to $17,900 in 2013 to $3,100 in 2014. If this trend continues, in what ways could it jeopardize the future of Jarrett’s business?
Answer and Explanation:
In this particular case, the working capital continues to fall and hits a value below zero otherwise the business would have a negative cash flow.
Company's assets are below its liabilities which including its current working capital would not be able to manage its debts. The Company would be faced with extreme difficulty in paying back its creditors.
If, as in the case at hand , the company continues to operate in low working capital and work capital declines over time, the company can encounter extremely serious financial problems.
Following Effects may include declining revenue from purchases, non-inventory management, or issues with the specific total accounts receivable.
On December 31, Strike Company has decided to sell one of its batting cages. The initial cost of the equipment was $203,433.00 with an accumulated depreciation of $183,089.70. Depreciation has been taken up to the end of the year. The company found a company that is willing to buy the equipment for $18,308.97. What is the amount of the gain or loss on this transaction
Answer:
loss= $2,035.33
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Purchasing price= $203,433.00
Accumulated depreciation= $183,089.70.
The company found a company that is willing to buy the equipment for $18,308.97.
The gain or loss from selling an asset depends on the book value. If the selling price is higher than the book value, the company gain from the sale.
Book value= purchasing price - accumulated depreciation
Book value= 203,433 - 183,089.7= 20,343.3
Gain/loss= 18,307.97 - 20,343.3= $2,035.33 loss
Dolan Company's accounting records reflect the following inventories:
Dec.31, 2013 Dec.31, 2012
Raw materials inventory $310,000 $260,000
Work in process inventory 300,000 160,000
Finished goods inventory 190,000 150,000
During 2013, $600,000 of raw materials were purchased, direct labor costs amounted to $500,000, and manufacturing overhead incurred was $480,000.
Dolan Company's total manufacturing costs incurred in 2013 amounted to________.
Answer:
cost of goods manufactured= $1,770,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Dec.31, 2013 Dec.31, 2012
Raw materials inventory $310,000 $260,000
Work in process inventory 300,000 160,000
During 2013, $600,000 of raw materials were purchased, direct labor costs amounted to $500,000, and manufacturing overhead incurred was $480,000.
To calculate the cost of goods manufactured, we need to use the following formula:
cost of goods manufactured= beginning WIP + direct materials used + direct labor + allocated manufacturing overhead - Ending WIP
cost of goods manufactured= 300,000 + (310,000 + 600,000 - 260,000) + 500,000 + 480,000 - 160,000
cost of goods manufactured= $1,770,000
Remsco has taxable income of $61,000 and a charitable contribution limit modified taxable income of $72,500. Its charitable contributions for the year were $7,540. What is Remsco's current-year charitable contribution deduction and contribution carryover
Answer:
Remsco's current-year charitable contribution deduction is $7,250
Contribution carryover is $ 290
Explanation:
Taxable income = $61,000
Charitable contribution limit modified taxable income = $72,500
Charitable contributions for the year = $7,540
Since, charitable contribution deduction is limited to 10% of charitable contribution limit modified taxable income ,
Remsco's current-year charitable contribution deduction = $72,500 x 10%
= $7,250
Therefore, contribution carryover = $7,540 - $7,250 = $ 290
Kanye Company is evaluating the purchase of a rebuilt spot-welding machine to be used in the manufacture of a new product. The machine will cost $176,000, has an estimated useful life of 7 years, a salvage value of zero, and will increase net annual cash flows by $35,000.
What is its approximate internal rate of return?
Answer:
i think the answer218
Explanation:
if you add 176.000+35.000=211+7=218 you get the right answer
The approximate internal rate of return is 176.000+35.000=211+7=218. From calculating the cost and salvage value we get the internal rate of return.
What is internal rate of return?In financial analysis, the internal rate of return (IRR) is a statistic used to calculate the profitability of possible investments. IRR is a discount rate that, in a discounted cash flow analysis, reduces all cash flows' net present values (NPV) to zero. The same formula is used for NPV calculations and IRR calculations.
A useful tool for comparing investments is the internal rate of return (IRR), which is the interest rate at which the sum of all cash flows equals zero. If we substitute 13.92% for the 8% in the aforementioned case, NPV will be zero, and that represents your IRR. IRR is therefore defined as the discount rate at which a project's NPV equals zero.
IRR can be used to rank a variety of potential investments or projects on a pretty even basis because it is consistent for investments of all types. Generally speaking, the investment with the highest IRR would be regarded as the best when comparing options with other similar attributes.
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Pettygrove Company had 1,700,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. The amount of additional paid-in capital is $8,500,000, and Retained Earnings is $2,550,000. The company issues a 2-for-1 stock split. The market price of the stock is $11. What is the balance in the Common Stock account after this issuance
Answer:
$17,000,000
Explanation:
Balance in common stock after the issuance = $1700,000 x $10
Balance in common stock after the issuance = $17,000,000
You can't find difference between balance of common stock, additional paid-in capital, and retained earnings when a company issues a stock split But there would be surely a change in par value and number of outstanding shares. Market value of share will either increase or decrease.
The due diligence process of analyzing and evaluating an existing business ________. Group of answer choices may be just as time consuming as the development of a comprehensive business plan for a start-up helps to determine if the company will generate sufficient cash to pay for itself and leave you with a suitable rate of return on your investment helps to determine what the company's potential for success is All of these
Answer:
All of these.
Explanation:
The due diligence process of analyzing and evaluating an existing business, is the process responsible for revealing the positive and negative aspects of a business.
This process aims to satisfy the buyer and seller by examining the main details of a transaction and ensuring its legality and evaluating most of the facts of the deal.
The agreement must then satisfy the due diligence aspects, so that the two parties involved can price and finalize the transaction effectively.
Therefore, all answer options are correct.