c or d is the correct answer​

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size.

In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores. The speed at which the molecules move through the pores in the gel is inversely proportional to their lengths. This indicates that a smaller DNA molecule will move through the gel further than a larger DNA molecule.

In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins move through pores in a polyacrylamide gel matrix in response to an electrical field; pore size shrinks with increasing acrylamide concentration. The protein migrates at a rate that depends on the pore size, protein charge, size, and shape.

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Information received by sensory cells is conveyed to central nervous system in the form of impulses and for this to happen when the receptor cell is not a neuron, its receptor potential must be transferred to a neuron.

Neurons are information messengers and they use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information between different areas of brain, and between the brain and rest of the nervous system.

The most common brain cells are neurons and non-neuron cells are called glia. The average adult human brain contains of 100 billion neurons and glia. Although neurons are most known brain cells but both neurons and glial cells are necessary for proper brain function.

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Thyromegaly is a disorder in which the thyroid gland — the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck — becomes abnormally enlarged.

The correct order is:

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The given statement is False.

What is the mechanism of ATP synthase?

The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton chemically positive to the negative side.

What does the beta subunit do in ATP synthase?

The alpha- and beta-subunits of membrane-bound ATP synthase complex bind ATP and ADP: beta contributes to catalytic sites, and alpha may be involved in the regulation of ATP synthase activity. The sequences of beta-subunits are highly conserved in Escherichia coli and bovine mitochondria.

What are the 3 major mechanisms by which ATP is generated?

In general, the main energy source for cellular metabolism is glucose, which is catabolized in the three subsequent processes—glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA or Krebs cycle), and finally oxidative phosphorylation—to produce ATP.

Therefore, the given statement is False.

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When cells are cultured on selective media, it makes plasmid-containing bacteria easy to identify and puts pressure on those bacteria to retain their plasmid.

In contrast to a cell's chromosomal DNA, plasmids are tiny, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells and certain eukaryotes as well. Plasmid genes frequently give bacteria genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are used to transfer information from one cell to another, including key genes that allow bacteria to metabolise nutrients that they would ordinarily be unable to. For example, they may confer resistance to specific antibiotics on their bacterial cells. Bacterial conjugation is aided by it as well.

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The light colored allele appears to alter transcription and therefore the corresponding mRNA is absent in the homozygous zebrafish.

The protein we can tell was absent because the mRNA required for protein synthesis was not present. If the allele had altered translation, the mRNA that is functional would be present but in the same case, the protein would still be absent. Amino acid/carnitine transporters B(0,+) (ATB(0,+)) and broad neutral (0) amino acid transporter 1(B(0)AT1) The mRNA levels measured in our study suggest that the protein may be used by the duration of 24 -96 hours of fasting in zebrafish.

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The gastroenterologist has just determined that you have a blockage in your jejunum and he will have to perform surgery, making a small incision in the wall to remove the obstruction. Serosa tunic will be cut first.

The outer lining of the abdominal and thoracic organs and cavities, including the stomach. Also called serous membrane.

The serosa (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium that lines the contents and inner walls of body cavities that secretes serous fluid, allowing lubricated gliding motion between opposing surfaces.

Serosa, or serous membrane, is a thin membrane that lines body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity. The thin membrane is composed of mesothelium tissue derived from the mesoderm.

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The results from the experiment suggest that there is an obstructive, rather than a restrictive, pulmonary problem because its affecting airflow, the percentage is decreasing equally.

Infection, smoking tobacco, or breathing in secondhand tobacco smoke, radon, asbestos, or other forms of air pollution can all cause pulmonary disease. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer are all examples of pulmonary diseases. Other risk factors, in addition to tobacco smoke, include air pollution, occupational chemicals and dusts, and frequent lower respiratory infections during childhood.

One of the most common postoperative pulmonary complications, particularly after abdominal and thoracoabdominal procedures, is atelectasis. They impair the lungs' ability to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. These diseases may also have an impact on heart function. Pulmonary hypertension is an example of a lung circulation disease.

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Transient psychotic symptoms that occur with borderline personality disorder are most likely treated with antipsychotics.

What are Transient psychotic?

One or more of the following psychotic symptoms may appear with an acute but temporary condition called psychotic disorder:

Hence, Transient psychotic symptoms that occur with borderline personality disorder are most likely treated with antipsychotics.

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The correct answer is option is C

C returns 99% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood

What is Tubular reabsorption ?

Drugs are passively reabsorbed into the systemic circulation through the lumen of the distal tubules in a process known as tubular reabsorption. Only non-ionized molecules are available for reabsorption, much like with enteral absorption. As a result, medications that change the pH of the urine may result in enhanced tubular reabsorption of other medications. A typical example is the mildly acidic medication phenobarbital. In cases of overdose, sodium bicarbonate is used to alkalinize the urine in the hopes that phenobarbital will become more ionised there, reducing tubular reabsorption and promoting faster excretion. The efficacy of this therapy is unclear, though.

The second crucial step in the production of urine is tubular reabsorption. Reabsorption may be passive for other ions, such as water, or it may be active, as in the cases of glucose, amino acids, and peptides. In the distal tubule and the collecting duct, water and ions are also reabsorbed.

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Beadle and Tatum studied nutritional mutants and characterized enzymes in a biochemical pathway by irradiating the fungus Neurospora crassa with x-rays.

With the help of genetic and biochemical investigations of the bread mold Neurospora, Beadle and Tatum were able to validate Garrod's theory. Mutants of bread mold that couldn't produce particular amino acids were found, according to Beadle and Tatum. A mutation has "broken" an enzyme required to synthesize a certain amino acid in each case.

Through research on the red bread mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum established the "one gene, one function" principle by demonstrating that genes act by controlling different chemical reactions.

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The main purpose of cell cycle is to increase the number of chromosomes in each cell for each generation.

What is cell cycle?

A cell's growth and division are accompanied by a sequence of processes known as a cell cycle.

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The telemetry profiles set up in this procedure are used by Cisco DNA Center to choose which telemetry types to capture. The health of network devices is then monitored using these data types.

your intent-based network for the enterprise is called Cisco DNA Center. All of your network devices can be provisioned and configured in a matter of minutes. To proactively monitor, troubleshoot, and optimize your network, use cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).

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Muscle fibers can be divided into two general categories: Category I, which is sluggish, and Type II, which is quick.There are three primary fiber types in type II, which is further divided into type IIA (oxidative) and type IIX (glycolytic).These fibers exhibit comparatively unique features in terms of metabolism, contractility, and motor units.

These cells to make up muscular tissue are referred to as myocytes, or muscle cells.The human body contains three different types of muscle cells: cardiac, skeletal, or smooth.

Your body has roughly 200 different kinds of cells.These cells help to build your tissues and organs as well as your immune system, which works to protect your body.Your body regularly replaces its dead cells with new ones.

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Answer:

1. C

2. A

3. B

100% right

Explanation:

1.D

2.A

3.B

I hope it's useful

Lipids are protecting his car because their nonpolar nature makes them insoluble in water.

Any of the countless chemical compounds that are soluble in oil but not in water is a lipid. They include lipids, waxes, oils, hormones, and some membrane components and act as chemical messengers and energy storage molecules.

Lipids are substances that contain hydrocarbons and are used for a range of functions, including as energy storage, as structural components, and even in cell signalling. In the homeostatic system of the human body, lipids and fats have a significant impact.

A wax is a simple lipid that is an ester of an alcohol and long-chain fatty acid. Between 12 and 32 carbon atoms are possible in alcohol. Stems and leaves naturally have a waxy coating. Because of this, the plant doesn't lose a lot of water.

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In glycolysis when glucose is converted to lactic acid. This is an example of fermentation.

Fermentation begins with glycolysis, but it does not involve the latter two stages of aerobic cellular respiration which is the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. In lack of oxygen, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process the NADH+ H+ from glycolysis will be recycled back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH+ H+ . The final product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid in aerobic condition. And forms lactic acid in anaerobic condition which is also termed as fermentation.

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Complete question- Glycolysis is the name given to a metabolic pathway occurring in many different cell types. It consists of 11 enzymatic steps that convert glucose to lactic acid. Glycolysis is an example of: A) aerobic metabolism. B) anabolic metabolism. C) a net reductive process. D) fermentation. E) oxidative phosphorylation.

No, because there is no mechanism for a snail to produce offspring with a different shell thickness from itself, thus the answer option (D).

The population does not experience changes in shell thickness. Some snails in the population experience changes in shell thickness.

Predators are creatures that go on the search for prey to eat. There are various creatures that prey on crabs, including otters, alligators, fish, and even shrimp (they eat the larvae). Predators are animals that hunt other animals or living things for food, whereas prey is little animals or organisms that eat the food that the predator leaves behind after it has eaten it.

The interaction between the predator and the prey is represented in the ecosystem by a food chain, sometimes referred to as a food web. For the ecosystem's food chain to function properly and keep the population in check.

The complete question is:

Without mutations, and with no crabs present, snails produce offspring that have the same shell thickness as themselves (they clone themselves). will this change when you add crabs? why or why not?

(A). Yes, now snails will grow thicker shells to protect themselves and they will pass these thicker shells to their offspring.

(B). Yes, now snails will try to protect their offspring from crabs by making offspring with thicker shells.

(C). Yes, the population will evolve thicker shells through natural selection.

(D). No, because there is no mechanism for a snail to produce offspring with a different shell thickness from itself.

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The statement is False because Mendel was able to see experimentally that the traits he studied were not blended in the offspring as he studied discontinuous variation.

Discontinuous variation is the variation seen among individuals when each individual shows one of two or very few easily distinguishable traits, such as violet or white flowers. Mendel's choice of these kinds of traits allowed him to see experimentally that the traits were not blended in the offspring as expected at the time, but that they were inherited as distinct traits.

Pure-bred plants did not give rise to offspring with mixed traits, as Mendel discovered. Generally speaking, children seem to inherit traits from both of their parents. According to Mendel, the elements that influence a trait are found in pairs. According to Mendel's experiments, a child's traits are a combination of those of the parents.

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RW X RW. Since they are both heterozygous, all phenotypes will be displayed when we build a prunnet square with the choices RR RW RW and ww.

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The majority of adenovirus infections result in the common cold and other minor respiratory illnesses.

A number of ailments, including bronchitis (an inflammation of the windpipe and major airways), pneumonia (an inflammation of the lungs), skin rashes, conjunctivitis (pink eye), bladder infections, and bowel infections, can be brought on by certain infections.

Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5early )'s region 1B (E1B) encodes at least five distinct polypeptides that are created by alternative splicing of a single mRNA precursor.

E1B-19K and E1B-55K, two of these gene products, both have the ability to work with the Ad5 E1A proteins to totally convert rodent cells in culture. Strong evidence points to the two E1B proteins' ability to combat growth arrest and apoptosis, which both inhibit cell transformation.

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Systematics is the study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

The study of biological diversity and the relationships between organisms is commonly defined as sytematics. Taxonomy, the component of systematics that focuses on the theory and practice of classification, is not easily distinguished, and biologists frequently use the terms interchangeably. Systematics is important in biology because it allows us to characterize the organisms we study.

Reptiles, for example, are animals that lay eggs and have scales, whereas mammals are animals that have live births and have fur or hair. All humans, more specifically, share the same characteristics and thus belong to a group, or taxon, of the genus Homo and species sapien.

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The expected test result for a lactose-intolerant person is Blood sugar levels are unaffected by drinking a lactose solution.

Lactose is divided into glucose and galactose during digestion by the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells of the small intestine. Lactase enzyme is not formed in lactose intolerant people. As a result, when a lactose-intolerant person consumes lactose solution, lactose is not completely digested and is not broken down into the two monosaccharides glucose and galactose. The villi of the small intestine do not absorb glucose, so drinking a lactose solution by a lactose-intolerant person has no effect on blood sugar levels.

Because lactose is not entirely digested in lactose-intolerant people, blood sugar levels do not rise rapidly after drinking lactose solution. Lactose consumption by lactose-intolerant people has no effect on blood sugar levels because there is no complete digestion. As a result, drinking a lactose solution does not cause a rapid drop in blood sugar levels.

As a result, the correct answer is that drinking lactose solution has no effect on blood sugar levels.

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DCA inhibits private dehydrogenase kinase.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by lactic acid buildup in the body and a variety of neurological problems. This condition's signs and symptoms typically appear shortly after birth and can vary greatly between affected individuals.

PDCD is most commonly caused by mutations in the gene encoding the E1 alpha subunit, also known as the E1-alpha subunit pyruvate dehydrogenase gene or PDHA1. There are numerous PDCD-causing abnormalities in the PDHA1 gene, also known as PDHA1 variants. PDC deficiency is diagnosed using laboratory tests such as blood tests, urine analysis, and brain MRI. The pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

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A sanguivorous animal feed on blood.

Latin cognate of sympathy compassion.

A corpuscle is a small body.

Sanguivores are animals that consume other animals' blood. Sanguivores include leeches, female mosquitoes, and vampire bats. Sanguivorous creatures, also called obligate sanguivores, feeds on other food products than blood. These animals have mouth parts and specified chemical agents that penetrate the vascular structures in the hosts skin, generally include mammals, birds, and fish. This type of feeding is known as phlebotomy .

Latin cognate describes words that are descended from a common ancestor. Latin cognate of sympathy compassion. A corpuscule, means a small body, is often used as a synonym for particle.

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Some members of the ecdysozoa Secrete a cuticle made of protein and Molt during growth. The correct answer is options (b) and (c).

Ecdysozoa is a group of protostome mammals, containing Arthropoda, Nematoda, and various tinier phyla. They were first outlined by Aguinaldo and others. in 1997, located primarily on ethnic timbers built utilizing 18S ribosomal RNA genes.

The most notable characteristic joint by ecdysozoans is a three-coat with metallic material cuticle (four in Tardigrada) calm of natural material, that is rhythmically molted as the animal evolves.  A cuticle, or cuticula, is one type of tough but responsive, non-not organic external covering of an animal, or parts of a structure, that determine care. Various types of "cuticles" are non-similar, disagreeing in their inception, building, function, and synthetic arrangement.

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Many forms of genetic alterations by radiation are used often to help life exist. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

A genetic alteration may be defined as a process through which any change in the DNA sequence can alter the genetic code and therefore may alter the synthesis of the protein that it encodes.

Genetic alterations by radiation are beneficial for the survival of living organisms. This is because any type of lower-level radiation doesn't cause specifically "good" or "bad" mutations, it just causes changes that are necessarily required for the existence of living entities.

Therefore, many forms of genetic alterations by radiation are used often to help life exist. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

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R5-tropic HIV is required for maraviroc to be considered appropriate for use.

Maraviroc is used in conjunction with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus infections (HIV). The virus that causes AIDS is known to induce a lack of immune system function (AIDS). Patients who have previously undergone HIV treatment typically receive this medication.

The kind of HIV that attaches to the CD4 cell's CCR5 coreceptor before entering and infecting the host cell. HIV must first bind to a CD4 receptor, then to either the CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor, and ultimately fuse its membrane with the membrane of the CD4 cell in order to enter a CD4 cell. During the initial stages of infection.

Hence, maraviroc uses of R5-tropic HIV for mechanism of action.

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The given bodily responses have been matched with their respective temperature requirement below.

Membranes become less fluid and more rigid, enzyme reaction gets decreased, antifreeze proteins are produced more and more and there is Accumulation of excess glucose in blood and cells of some insects and ectotherms in case of unusually low temperatures. High temperature is the cause of the Denaturation of proteins and the Increase in the rate of enzyme reaction.

It is, hence, matched as given below.

Low Temperature - Membranes become less fluid and more rigid

Low Temperature - Enzyme reaction gets decreased

Low Temperature - Antifreeze proteins are produced more and more

Low Temperature - Accumulation of excess glucose in blood and cells of                                 some insects and ectotherms

High Temperature - Denaturation of proteins

High Temperature - Increase in the rate of enzyme reaction.

This must be the full question you are searching for - Attached.

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