The rf value for a spot in a chromatography experiment if the solvent moved 13.1 cm and the spot moved 9.5 cm from the origin is 0.73.
What is chromatography ?
Separating ingredients in a mixture using chromatography is a procedure. The mixture is dissolved in the mobile phase, which starts the process off, and then transports it through the stationary phase, which is the final phase.
What is experiment ?
A scientific experiment is a test carried out to ascertain what occurs to a subject under a given set of circumstances.
Therefore, rf value for a spot in a chromatography experiment if the solvent moved 13.1 cm and the spot moved 9.5 cm from the origin is 0.73.
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enantioselective total synthesis of the antifungal natural products chlorotetaine, bacilysisn, and anticapsin and of related compounds: revision of the relative configuration
Three antimicrobial compounds produced by the Bacillus sp. strain Csat isolated from pozol were identified by using the high-performance liquid chromatography and the mass spectrometry.
The three compounds were iturin, bacilysin, and chlorotetaine. Production of these compounds by CS93 could account for the medicinal properties
attributed to the pozol.
Antifungal drugs work to treat fungal infections. It can kill the fungus directly or it can prevent the growth and reproduction of the fungus.
Antifungals are available over-the-counter or by prescription and come in a variety of forms, including: creams and lotions.
Thyme, cinnamon, oregano, clove, and mint are all some examples of these kinds of oils.
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Drag each tile to the correct location. identify the reactants and the products in this chemical equation. 2fe2o3 3c → 4fe 3co2 c co2 fe fe2o3
On the left side of the chemical process, the reactants are Fe2O3 and C. On the right side of the chemical process, the products are Fe and CO2.
Which of the following claims regarding the response listed below is true: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(g)Because the total mass of iron and oxygen in the reactants and the product are equal, the law of conservation of mass is observed.
How can reactants be recognized?In a chemical equation, the substance or substances to the left of the arrow are referred to as reactants. When a chemical reaction first begins, a substance is said to be the reactant.
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What effect would the pressure in the Marianas Trench have on most animals and humans?
Answer: we would die
Explanation:
the pressure being so large would squash us flat.
extraction is the process of removing compounds from a solution by taking advantage of varying solubilities. the process of extraction for a mixture of diethylamine, phenol, acetic acid, and ammonia involves three steps. 1. add a strong acid and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off. 2. add a weak base and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off. 3. add a strong base and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off.
Which of the four components would be the first to enter the aqueous phase in this extraction? o ethylbenzene o diethylamine o butanoic acid o phenol
In this extraction, acetic acid would be the first substance to mix with water.
How does extraction work?When a substance is "extracted," it is moved from a solid or liquid into a separate solvent or phase. The method most frequently used in chemical labs is liquid-liquid extraction, which takes place in a separatory funnel.
The funnel is filled with a dissolved component solution, an immiscible solvent is added, and the two layers are shaken together. It is most typical for one layer to be an organic solvent and the other to be an aqueous one. When components migrate from one layer to the next, they are "extracted."
By taking use of the different ways that different compounds are soluble in aqueous and organic solvents, extraction is the process of extracting specific components from a mixture.
Three steps are involved in the extraction process for a mixture of diethylamine, phenol, acetic acid, and ammonia. 1. Shake the mixture after adding a powerful acid. Ladder off the watery layer. 2. Include a weak base and stir the mixture. Ladder off the watery layer. 3. Add a solid base and stir the mixture. Ladder off the watery layer.
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Marcus Theory Intramolecular electron transfer from biphenyl radical anion across a steroid scaffold was investigated with a series of electron acceptor moieties (A). a. Draw a plot ofΔG0vskETb. Based on your plot, estimate the reorganization energy(λ)for this set of electron transfer reactions. Please explain your answer c. Which acceptor moieties lie in the Marcus inverted region for electron transfer? d. Acceptors 3-7 belong to a class of quinone, and important electron acceptor in biology. Draw a Lewis dot structure of5−, a one electron reduction product of 5.
Rudolph A. Marcus created the Marcus hypothesis in theoretical chemistry to explain the speeds of electron transfer processes starting in 1956.
the speed at which an electron can transfer or jump from a chemical species (referred to as the electron donor) to another (called the electron acceptor). Rudolph A. Marcus created the Marcus Hush theory (M-H theory) in 1956. It describes the foundations of redox/ electron transfer processes in terms of the rate at which an electron jumps/moves from an oxidant species (electron donor) to the reductant (electron acceptor). When the free energy is equal to the reorganisation energy and is in the opposite direction, the maximum rate constant for electron transfer occurs. Keep in mind that the reorganisation energy is positive and the free energy for a spontaneous electron transfer is negative.is favourable. In addition to the structural changes mentioned above, substitution, elimination, and isomerization reactions differ from outer sphere redox reactions in that nuclear configurations and charge distribution are always "in equilibrium" and that nuclear movements and charge shifts (charge transfer, CT) occur continuously and concertedly on the reactions path. This is demonstrated by the SN2 substitution of the saponification of an alkyl halide, where a transition state containing a five-coordinated carbon atom must be viewed and where the rear side assault of the OH ion pushes out a halide ion.
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balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution. what are the coefficients in front of h+ and fe3+ in the balanced reaction? fe2+(aq) + mno4-(aq) → fe3+(aq) + mn2+(aq)
Redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution
Fe2+(aq) + MnO4(aq) ----> Fe3+ (aq) + Mn2+(aq)
1-
Fe+2---->Fe+3 ....oxidation
MnO4 ------> Mn2+ reduction
2- Balance the reaction by
Balance oxidation numbers by adding electrons.
Balance charge by adding H+ (acidic solutions) or OH- (basic solutions).
Balance H atoms by adding H2O. Balancing Redox Reactions
Fe2+(aq) ---> Fe3+(aq) + e-
MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- ---> Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O
3- Net equation
5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) ---> 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O
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Green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas form aqueous glucose.
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is as follows:
[tex]6CO_{2} + 6H_{2} O[/tex]→[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6O_{2}[/tex]
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar energy. Photosynthesis is a process that plants and other organisms use to convert light energy into chemical energy that can then be released to fuel the organism's activities via cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis' primary function is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and then store that chemical energy for later use. This process powers the majority of the planet's living systems. Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physician and scientist best known for discovering photosynthesis, the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
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The chemical properties of atoms, ions, and molecules are related to the arrangement of the _______ within them.
Answer: Protons
Explanation:
Protons is the answer because they are unchanging and cannot move compared to electrons.
The hydronium ion, H3O+, is a ________.Check all that apply.very strong baseproton acceptorpolyatomic ionproton donorunique form of waterpolyatomic ionproton donor
H3O+, or the hydronium ion, is a polyatomic ion.
H+ or OH is hydronium.It can develop in either clean water or water with an acid present. It has the chemical formula H3O+. It can also result from the fusion of an H+ ion and an H2O molecule. Three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make up the hydronium ion, which has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
What use does hydrogen serve?The ability of hydronium to remove dead skin cells and regenerate fresh skin makes it a common ingredient in skincare products. It is mostly utilized in peeling. Numerous invention applications have demonstrated that hydronium, when combined with other compounds, is effective in treating both burns and wounds.
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Can anyone solve this? Thank you
There can be emissions of radiations like gamma radiation. There can be emission of particles too like alpha particle. Therefore radioactive decay of lead leads to production of bismuth. the blank can be filled with 210 and 82.
What is nuclear decay?Nuclear decay is process in which the radioactive element releases particles or radiations. Alpha particles is ⁴₂He. Alpha particle is nothing but helium particle.
The balanced reaction can be written as
²¹⁰Pb [tex]_x[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 83[tex]Bi^y[/tex] + ⁰₋₁ e
sum of mass number of reactant side=total sum of mass number of product
210=y+0
y=210
sum of atomic number of reactant side=total sum of atomic number of product
x=83+(-1)
x=83-1
x=82
Therefore radioactive decay of lead leads to production of bismuth. the blank can be filled with 210 and 82.
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A veterinarian prescribed 1,500 mg of glucosamine (C6H13NO5) to a golden retriever with an arthritic hip. How many moles is the dog taking each day?
Answer:
30 pts
Explanation:
when an alkene is subjected to treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh followed by reaction with nabh4, what new class of compound is formed?
An alcohol is created when an alkene undergoes treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh, followed by a reaction with nabh4.
What are the uses of alkene?One of the most adaptable chemical building blocks, alkenes are essential to numerous synthetic reactions. Alkene reactants are used in hydro functionalization processes such olefin hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination, which is a very active area of catalysis.
Alkene vs. alkane: what are they?Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they only have one bond between the carbon atoms. Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkynes have one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are the name given to alkenes and alkynes.
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the model illustrates a process by which a substance is taken up by a cell. which statements describe the process? select the correct answer. (1 point)
By engulfing molecules, cells absorb them through the process of endocytosis. The substance to be transported is caught in a tiny, inward deformation of the plasma membrane known as an invagination.
Pinocytosis is a process by which the cell absorbs the liquids along with dissolved small molecules. Pino means "to drink" in Greek. As a result of this process, the cell membrane folds forms tiny pockets and collects the cellular fluid and other dissolved materials.
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label the energy diagram. you are currently in a labeling module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop.energy is plotted on the y axis versus the reaction coordinate on the x axis. the curve begins at an energy value approximately half way up the y axis. it then increases to a maximum before decreasing to a final energy that is less than the initial energy. there is a line measuring the vertical distance from the initial energy to the peak energy and a second line measuring the vertical distance from the initial energy to the final energy. answer bank
The reaction profile diagram shows the conversion of reactants to products.
What is the energy diagram?We know that the energy diagram is the diagram that is drawn to show the interaction between species as they move from the reactants to products. We can see that in the reaction profile the energy us plotted on he vertical axis and the reaction pathway is plotted on the horizontal axis.
Now the topmost part of the curve is the activated complex. The activation energy of the reaction is the line that terminates at the curve for the reactants. The corner at the left is for the reactants while the corner at the right is for the products. The enthalpy change is the difference between the energies of the reactants and the products.
All these are shown in the reaction profile attached here.
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the electronegativity value for mg is 1.2 and the value for o is 3.5. based on these values, what type of bond is expected for a compound formed between mg and o?
The electronegativity value for mg is 1.2 and the value for O is 3.5 based on these value ionic bond is expected to be formed between mg and o.
It is crucial to understand in this type of investigation that the higher the electronegativity value, the more likely it is that an ionic connection will form between the two elements.
Therefore, to demonstrate that an ionic bond should form between two elements, we need to know the difference in their electronegativity values. This query demonstrates that the electronegativity difference is rather substantial. As a result of this important distinction, it is anticipated that an ionic bond will form. If their strengths are comparable, covalent bonds are possible.
The main interaction in ionic compounds is ionic bonding, a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between two atoms or ions with sharply different electronegativities.
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A 0.50 M solution of sodium chloride in an open beaker sits on a lab bench. Which of the following would decrease the concentration of the salt solution?
Molarity of NaCl solution = 0.5 M Molarity or Concentration = Moles of solute / Volume of solution 0.5 M solutions of Sodium chloride means 0.5 moles of NaCl in 1 Litre of Sodium chloride solution. In order to decrease the concentration of the solution more water should be added to the solution.
What is Molarity?
Molarity or molar concentration is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, which can be calculated using the following equation:
[tex]\text{Molarity}= \dfrac{\text{mol solute}}{\text{L of solution}}[/tex]
Molar concentration can be used to convert between the mass or moles of solute and the volume of the solution.
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camphor has a lower melting point range than that of borneol. does this make sense in terms of its structure? explain your reasoning. what about borneol versus isoborneol
As can be seen from the structures of camphor and borreol, camphor has a ketone group while borreol has groups with alcohols activities. Through hydrogen bonding, the melting point of the boreal is higher.
Alcohols' melting point and boiling points are always thinner than those of ketones. the light of the intermolecular hydrogen bond. hence, the melting point. in the boreal is higher. Waxy, combustible, and translucent solid, camphor has a potent scent. It has the terpenoid compound C10H16O in its chemical makeup. The big East Asian evergreen tree known as the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) is where you can find it. The compounds with the general formula R-OH, where R is an alkyl or a substituted alkyl group, are known as alcohols. Alcohols are hence alkane derivatives in which one or more H.
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What is the answer i will give brainllest
Answer: oxidation-reduction
Explanation:
Adding NH3 to the stack gases at an electric power
generating plant can reduce NOx emissions. This
selective noncatalytic reduction (SNR) process depends on the
reaction between NH2 (an odd-electron compound) and
NO.
NH2 + NO --> N2 + H2O
The following kinetic data were collected at 1200 K.
Rate constant of reaction at 1200 K : 1.20 times 10 9 M -1 s -1
What is Rate of Reaction?
The rate of reaction in a chemical reaction is the speed at which the products are formed from the reactants. It helps us comprehend how rapidly a reaction might happen. For instance, cellulose burns exceedingly quickly in fire and the process is complete in less than a second.
The rate of reaction, also known as reaction rate, is the rate at which reactants transform into products. It should go without saying that different chemical reactions occur at different rates. While certain chemical reactions take place extremely immediately, others usually take some time to reach their final equilibrium.
Rate of reaction = k [NH 3] x [NO] y, where k is the reaction's rate constant, x is the order of the reaction with respect to NH 3, and y is the order of the reaction with respect to NO
Rate of reaction = k [NH 3 ] [ NO ]
Rate constant of reaction at 1200 K : 1.20 times 10 9 M -1 s -1
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Equilibrium calculations: Using the equation below for calculating the equilibrium constant for the reaction of PCl3 + Cl2 to produce PCs, make the following substitutions for the reactants and products, and recalculate the equilibrium constant, then comment on the equilibrium constant does it favor products, or reactants? [PCI) = 5.0 mol/L [Cl2] = 5.0 mol/L [PC1s] = 0.1 mol/L [PCI ] 0.050 mol/L K= 9.6 x 10-4 [PC13 ][CI] (7.2 mol/L) (7.2 mol/L) For the steam reformation reaction CH + H2O + CO + 3 H2, calculate the equilibrium constant using the formula and concentrations below, and comment on the equilibrium constant: does it favor products, or reactants? What do you think is the industrial use of this chemical reaction?
The equilibrium constant is 12.5.
The equilibrium constant of a chemical response is the price of its response quotient at chemical equilibrium, a kingdom approached by means of a dynamic chemical device after enough time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards in addition trade.
The equilibrium consistent of a chemical response is the price of its response quotient at chemical equilibrium, a kingdom approached by a dynamic chemical device after enough time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency in the direction of further trade.
Calculation:-
CH₄ + H₂O ---------> CO + 2H₂
[CO] = 10⁻² mol/L
= 0.01 mol/l
[H₂] = 5 × 10⁻¹ mol/l = 0.5 mol/l
[H₂O] = 10⁻² mol/l = 0.01 mol/l
[CH₄] = 10⁻² mol/l = 0.01 mol/l
K = [CO][H₂]³/[CH₄][H₂O]
= (0.01) × (0.5)³/(0.01)×(0.01)
Kc = 12.5
Equillibirium constant = 12.5
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when molten zinc chloride (zncl2) is electrolyzed, zinc is deposited at the cathode. calculate the amount of zinc produced if a current of 11.7 a is passed through the electrolytic cell for 45.6 min.
The amount of zinc produced is 10.83 g.
given that :
current , I = 11.7 A
time , t = 45.6 min = 2736 sec
the expression is given as :
W = ZIt
W = amount of the substance deposited
I = current in ampere = 11.7 A
t = time in sec = 2736 sec
Z = M / nF
where,
M = molecular mass = 65.3 g/mol
n = no. of electrons = 2
F = faraday constant = 96500 C
W = (65.3 / 2 × 96500 ) 11.7 × 2736
W = 10.83 g
Thus, when molten zinc chloride (zncl2) is electrolyzed, zinc is deposited at the cathode. the amount of zinc produced if a current of 11.7 a is passed through the electrolytic cell for 45.6 min is 10.83 g.
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assuming the magnesium ribbon wasn’t sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxide on the surface. how would this affect the volume of hydrogen gas produced? would this error cause r to be overestimated, underestimated, or remain unaffected? explain your reasoning.
The volume of hydrogen gas produced by Magnesium reacts with the oxygen present in the air to form magnesium oxide.
When stored, it reacts with oxygen and forms a layer of magnesium oxide on the surface. This layer of magnesium oxide is very stable and prevents further reactions between magnesium and oxygen. Clean the magnesium ribbon with sandpaper to remove this layer and expose the underlying metal to the air.
Cleaning the surface of the magnesium ribbon removes the oxide layer from the surface and effectively burns the ribbon to the desired result. Magnesium ribbons burn in the air producing intense heat and bright white light. Magnesium ribbons must be air washed before firing because of the reaction between magnesium.
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Identify indicators of a chemical reaction. Check all of the boxes that apply.
Two clear liquids are combined. A green solid forms.
color change
absorption of heat
formation of precipitate
formation of gas
Blobs of green solid are shown in clear liquid in a test tube.
Answer:color change and formation of precipitate.
Explanation: The reaction of products of the chemical reaction may have different properties
A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a _____ shape with a bond angle of _____ degrees.
A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
In a molecular formula, the center atom is often the one with the lowest subscript and the largest bonding potential. When all of the atoms typically form the same amount of bonds, the central atom is often the one with the lowest electronegative potential. Central ions are the metal ions that the ligands attach to. Example: The core ion in K3[Fe(CN)6] is Fe3+. As Lewis acids, these core atoms and ions serve as acceptors of the electron pair.
Since C is less electronegative than O, it serves as the main atom. 2. C contains four valence electrons, and each O has six, for a total of sixteen valence electrons.
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what volume (ml) of the sweetened tea described in example 3.14 contains the same amount of sugar (mol) as 10 ml of the soft drink in this example?
0.75 volume (ml) of the sweetened tea described in example 3.14 contains the same amount of sugar (mol) as 10 ml of the soft drink in this example
It is given that the concentration of sugar in a soft drink is 0.375M It means 1L of soft drinks contains 0.375mol of sugar. Then,
1000mL = 0.375mol
1mL =0.375/1000
For 10ml
= 0.375 x 10^-3 x 10
= 0.00375mol sugar
Now, the concentration of sugar in sweetened tea is 0.05M.
This means 12 L solution (tea) contains 0.05mol of sugar.
Now, we need to find the volume of sweetened tea that has the same mass of sugar that is present in 10ml of soft drink
So, the required amount of sugar is 0.05 mol
0.05mol sugar = 1000ml (tea)
1 mol sugar = 1000/0.05 (tea)
So,
0.00375 mol sugar = (1000x 0.00375)/0.05
= 75.0 mL (tea)
The volume of tea required is 0.75ml
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a galvanic cell consists of an mg electrode in a 1.0 m mg(no3)2 solution and a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution. determine the overall cell reaction, and calculate the standard cell potential at 25°c.
A galvanic cell consists of an mg electrode in a 1.0 m mg(no3)2 solution and a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution. The overall cell reaction, E cell= 0.34v
A voltaic/Galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell. In these types of cells spontaneous reaction takes place inside it which are responsible for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Daniell cell is one of its best examples. An electrochemical cell called a galvanic cell or voltaic cell, respectively named after the scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, produces an electric current by spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions. A typical device typically consists of two distinct metals that are submerged in separate beakers that each contain their own metal ions in solution and are either connected by a salt bridge or divided by a porous membrane. The voltaic pile, the first electrical battery, was created by Volta. Although a battery technically contains of several cells, the term "battery" has evolved to refer to a single galvanic cell in general usage.
E cell= 0.34v
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Accumulators use weights, ___, and compressed gas to provide the energy storage needed to perform their function in hydraulic circuit.
Accumulators store energy in order to carry out their duty in a hydraulic circuit using weights, water, and compressed gas.
What is Accumulators?An accumulator is a type of energy storage system that takes, stores, and then releases energy as needed. Some accumulators take in energy at a low rate over a long period of time and discharge it at a high rate over a brief period of time. The primary function of an accumulator in a CPU is as a register for holding interim logical or numeric data during multistep calculations. It serves as a temporary storage area for such calculations.
What are accumulators used for and its example?In addition to powering chassis suspensions and reducing pressure peaks, they are used to maintain pressure, store and recover energy, and dampen shock, vibration, and pulsations. Accumulators store a volume of fluid under gas pressure that can be re-fed into the hydraulic system as needed.
Variables called accumulaters are employed to combine data from various executors. For instance, this data may relate to data or API diagnosis, such as how many records are corrupted or how frequently a specific library API was used.
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striking a match to make it burn is an example of a(n) change. a.) chemical b.) elemental c.) atomic d.) physical
An example of supplying activation energy to a chemical reaction is striking a match to make it burn. A match's combustion is a highly exothermic energy process.
Energy-releasing processes are said to be positive since the chemical reactions end products are in a more stable and advantageous condition afterward. It's because the reactions follow a predetermined course, and that course necessitates the use of energy (known as activation energy) in order to create an activated complex chemical reaction, which will ultimately result in the synthesis of the products. This implies that in order to begin, the products must absorb some energy (the activation energy).
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the reaction for the oxidation of nh3 is given as: 4 nh3 5 o2 → 4 no 6 h2o under certain conditions the reaction will proceed at 29.8% yield of no. how many grams of nh3 must be made to react with excess oxygen to yield 70.5 g of no?
134g of NH3 is required to react with excess oxygen to make 70.5 g of NO
We need to prepare 70.5 of NO given that the percent yield is 29.8%. Therefore, the molar mass of NO is 30g/mol. Then, the number of moles of NO in 70.5g is given by,
Moles of NO = 70.5/30
Moles of NO = 2.35moles
The actual yield of NO is 2.35 moles. Then theoretical yield can be computed as follows,
The percent yield of NO=( actual yield of NO/theoretical yield of NO ) x 100
Theoretical yield of NO = (actual yield/percent yield/100)
On supplying the values we get,
Theoretical yield= 2.35/0.298
Theoretical yield = 7.88 moles
The reaction is given by
4NH₃+SO₂ ---------> 4NO + 6H₂O
4 moles of Ammonia are required to make 4 moles of NO. Then, moles of NO equals moles of NH₃ which is 7.88
Then molar mass of NH₃ = 17g/mol
Mass of NH₃ = molar mass x no of moles
Mass of NH₃ = 17x7.88
Mass of NH₃ = 134g.
Therefore 134g of NH3 is required to make 70.5g of NO.
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With a pressure of 1.5 atm (atmosphere), a piston pushes in on the gas in a cylinder, compressing it from 5.1 L to 1.8 L. What is the work done on the gas (in joules)?
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, the work done on the gas (in joules) is 4.95 J.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.
Mathematically,
q = n ×ΔH
where
q = amount of heat
n = no of moles
ΔH = enthalpy
n = w / M.M
Work in thermodynamic= work done on the system =p×change in temperature
work done on the system= 1.5 atm×(5.1 L - 1.8 L. )
work done on the system=4.95 J
Therefore, the work done on the gas (in joules) is 4.95 J.
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