Building wealth takes time. The Rule of 70 is a formula for estimating how long it takes for a certain quantity to double based on the growth rate of that quantity. The Rule of 70 states that if you divide 70 by the growth rate as a percentage, the result is the approximate number of years it will take for the quantity to double.
calculate the following using the Rule of 70: 1) What is the Rule of 70?The Rule of 70 is a formula for estimating how long it takes for a certain quantity to double based on the growth rate of that quantity. The formula is 70 divided by the growth rate as a percentage. The result is the approximate number of years it will take for the quantity to double.2) How many years will it take for your assets to double with an investment of $26,000 dollars at a growth rate of 7%
According to the Rule of 70, it would take approximately 10 years for an investment to double if it is growing at 7% annually.3) How many years will it take for your assets to double with an investment of $3 million dollars at a growth rate of 3%\ According to the Rule of 70, it would take approximately 23 years for an investment to double if it is growing at 3% annually.
4) How many years will it take for your assets to double with an investment of $500,000 dollars at a growth rate of 1.9%?According to the Rule of 70, it would take approximately 37 years for an investment to double if it is growing at 1.9% annually.5) How many years will it take for your assets to double with an investment of $425 dollars at a growth rate of 4%?According to the Rule of 70,
it would take approximately 18 years for an investment to double if it is growing at 4% annually.6) How many years will it take for your assets to double with an investment of $60,500 dollars at a growth rate of 2%?According to the Rule of 70, it would take approximately 35 years for an investment to double if it is growing at 2% annually.7) How many years will it take for your assets to double with an investment of $7 dollars at a growth rate of 6%
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1. How weak and strong variables are considered to determine customer profile!
2. Why is timely reporting necessary to be achieved by financial technology?
3. Why does each of the challenges in Africa matter for fintech development in the region?
4. What sorts of global challenges would need to be faced by fintech industries for them to experience growth?
1. Weak and strong variables determine customer profiles based on their impact and significance.
2. Timely reporting in financial technology is necessary for informed decision-making.
3. Challenges in Africa impact fintech development in the region.
4. Fintech industries face global challenges for growth.
1. Weak and strong variables are considered in determining customer profiles by assessing their impact and significance. Weak variables have a minimal effect on customer behavior and may not contribute significantly to the overall profile, while strong variables have a substantial influence and provide valuable insights into customer characteristics and preferences.
2. Timely reporting is necessary to be achieved by financial technology because it enables stakeholders to make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information.
With the fast-paced nature of financial transactions and markets, timely reporting ensures that relevant data is available in real-time, allowing for quick analysis, risk management, and strategic decision-making.
3. Each of the challenges in Africa matters for fintech development in the region because they directly impact the adoption and growth of fintech solutions. Challenges such as limited access to financial services, inadequate infrastructure, regulatory constraints, and low digital literacy pose obstacles to the successful implementation and utilization of fintech innovations.
Addressing these challenges is crucial for fostering financial inclusion, promoting economic growth, and unlocking the potential of fintech in Africa.
4. Fintech industries would need to face global challenges such as regulatory frameworks, cybersecurity threats, technological advancements, and changing consumer expectations to experience growth.
Adapting to evolving regulations, ensuring robust security measures, keeping pace with emerging technologies, and delivering innovative solutions that meet customer needs are key factors for the sustained growth and success of fintech industries in a globally competitive landscape.
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An investor wants to purchase shares of Burrow Ltd. and then hold this stock for six years. The company has a stated dividend policy of $2.00 annually per share for the next six years, at the end of which time you will sell the stock. You expect to be able to sell the stock for $35.00 at that time. If you want to earn an 8% return on this investment, what price should the investor pay today for this stock? Show your calculations.
The investor should pay $26.37 today for the stock.
To calculate the price the investor should pay for the stock today, we need to find the present value of the future cash flows from the dividends and the sale of the stock.
Step 1: Calculate the present value of the dividends. We have a dividend of $2.00 per share for six years. Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can calculate the present value of these cash flows:
PV(dividends) = $2.00 * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]
PV(dividends) = $2.00 * [(1 - (1 + 0.08)^-6) / 0.08]
PV(dividends) = $2.00 * [(1 - 0.5938) / 0.08]
PV(dividends) = $2.00 * [0.4062 / 0.08]
PV(dividends) = $2.00 * 5.078125
PV(dividends) = $10.16
Step 2: Calculate the present value of the future stock sale price. The investor expects to sell the stock for $35.00 after six years. We can calculate the present value using the formula:
PV(stock sale) = Future Value / (1 + r)^n
PV(stock sale) = $35.00 / (1 + 0.08)^6
PV(stock sale) = $35.00 / (1.08)^6
PV(stock sale) = $35.00 / 1.593848
PV(stock sale) = $21.95
Step 3: Add the present values of the dividends and the stock sale to find the total present value:
Total present value = PV(dividends) + PV(stock sale)
Total present value = $10.16 + $21.95
Total present value = $32.11
Therefore, the investor should pay $26.37 today for the stock in order to earn an 8% return on the investment.
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The next dividend payment by Hoffman, Inc., will be \( \$ 2.70 \) per share. The dividends are anticipated to maintain a growth rate of \( 6.75 \) percent forever. Assume the stock currently sells for
Therefore, the current stock price of the company is found to be $83.19.
Given:Hoffman, Inc., will pay a dividend of $2.70 per share.
The dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 6.75% per year forever.
The formula to calculate the current stock price of a company is the dividend discount model which is given as,
Po = D1 / (ke - g)
Here,
Po = stock price
D1 = next year's expected dividend
ke = required return on equity
g = constant growth rate
D1 = D0 × (1 + g)
From the given data, next year's expected dividend will be $2.70 per share and growth rate is 6.75%.
D1 = $2.70 × (1 + 6.75%)
D1 = $2.70 × 1.0675
D1 = $2.88
Now, putting the values in the formula, we get;
Po = $2.88 / (ke - 6.75%) -----(1)
Now we are left with the value of ke, i.e. the required return on equity.
To calculate ke, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which is given ask
E = kRF + [kM - kRF] × b
Where,kE = required return on equityk
RF = risk-free rate
kM = expected market return
b = beta
For our problem, we are not given beta, so we will use the average beta of similar companies, which is usually around 1.0.
Substituting the values in the above formula,
kE = 2.70% + 1.0 × 7.5%
kE = 10.20% -----(2)
Now, putting the value of ke in equation (1), we get;
Po = $2.88 / (10.20% - 6.75%)
Po = $2.88 / 0.0345
Po = $83.19
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Which of the following statements is false? a. Saving a portion of one’s income in a pension is a merit good because many do plan sufficiently for life after work b. Consumption of large quantities of food is addictive and contributes to pressures for the health sector c. In the absence of public provision of healthcare, private healthcare would charge higher premiums for those who are less healthy when they sign up d. Free education for all funded by government is essential because students can take loans to fund their studie
The false statement is option d: "Free education for all funded by the government is essential because students can take loans to fund their studies."
Government refers to the system or group of individuals that exercise authority and make decisions on behalf of a country or region. It typically includes branches such as the executive, legislative, and judicial, which work together to govern and provide services to citizens. Governments establish laws, maintain order, promote economic stability, provide public services, and protect national security. They can vary in structure and ideology, ranging from democracies to monarchies or authoritarian regimes. The effectiveness and legitimacy of a government greatly impact the well-being and development of a nation.
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By calling a meeting to discuss changes to Nike's marketing to Mexican-American customers, Andre has addressed which of the following elements of a situational
analysis? Select all correct answers Select 3 correct answer(s)
A• Audience
B[ Purpose
C( Tone
D. Medium
Andre addressed these following elements of situational analysis: A. Audience, B. Purpose, and C. Tone.
Audience: By calling a meeting to discuss changes to Nike's marketing to Mexican-American customers Andre is considering the specific target audience for the marketing efforts which is the Mexican-American customers.
Purpose: The purpose of the meeting is to discuss changes to Nike's marketing strategy specifically for Mexican-American customers. This indicates that the purpose of the meeting is to address & analyze the marketing objectives & strategies.
Tone: The choice to discuss changes to marketing strategy indicates that Andre is considering the tone of the messaging & communication directed towards the Mexican-American customers. The tone of the marketing material may need to be adjusted to resonate effectively with this target audience.
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A. Audience, B. Purpose, and D. Medium. Andre addresses these elements by calling a meeting to discuss changes in Nike's marketing.
The components of a situational investigation that Andre has addressed by assembling a conference to examine changes to Nike's showcasing to Mexican-American clients are:
A. Crowd: By explicitly focusing on Mexican-American clients, Andre is zeroing in on a particular crowd portion for Nike's showcasing endeavors.
B. Reason: The motivation behind the gathering is to examine changes and upgrades to Nike's showcasing procedure for Mexican-American clients, demonstrating an unmistakable reason for the conversation.
D. Medium: Albeit not expressly referenced, the choice to hold a gathering suggests the utilization of a particular mechanism for correspondence and conversation, which is a significant thought in the situational examination.
Hence, the right responses are A (Crowd), B (Reason), and D (Medium). Andre's activities exhibit his regard for these components inside the situational investigation
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Max's Company (MC) and Jollibee Company (JC) are both service companies. Their stock returns for the past three years were as follows: MC: -4 percent, 17 percent, 25 percent; JC: 18 percent, 8 percent
For the MC company, the standard deviation of returns is 14.28%.For the JC company, the standard deviation of returns is 7.85%.
The arithmetic average, geometric average, and the standard deviation of returns for Max's Company (MC) and Jollibee Company (JC) are given below: Max's Company (MC)YearReturn(-4) -4% 17% 25%Arithmetic average (µ) = 9.5%Geometric average (G) = 10.9%Standard deviation (σ) = 14.28%
Jollibee Company (JC)YearReturn18% 8%Arithmetic average (µ) = 13%Geometric average (G) = 12.5%Standard deviation (σ) = 7.85%Explanation:The arithmetic average is obtained by summing the returns for a given period and then dividing by the number of returns.
The arithmetic average of the MC company is(−4 + 17 + 25) / 3 = 9.5%.The arithmetic average of the JC company is(18 + 8) / 2 = 13%.The geometric average is obtained by calculating the nth root of the product of all of the returns, where n is the number of returns. The geometric average of the MC company is(-4%) × (17%) × (25%)1/3 = 10.9%.The geometric average of the JC company is(18%) × (8%)1/2 = 12.5%.
The standard deviation of returns measures the amount of variability or dispersion around the average return. For the MC company, the standard deviation of returns is 14.28%.For the JC company, the standard deviation of returns is 7.85%.
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Higgins, Inc., has sales of $528,200, costs of $301,100, depreciation expense of $43,500, interest expense of $21,600, a tax rate of 22 percent, and paid out $29,400 in cash dividends.
a. What is the net income for the firm? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
b. What is the addition to retained earnings? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
The net income for the firm is $126,360.b.to calculate the net income and the addition to retained earnings for higgins, inc., we can use the following formulas:
Net income = sales - costs - depreciation expense - interest expense - taxes addition to retained earnings = net income - dividends
given:
sales = $528,200costs = $301,100
depreciation expense = $43,500 interest expense = $21,600
tax rate = 22%
dividends = $29,400
a. calculating the net income:
net income = $528,200 - $301,100 - $43,500 - $21,600 - (0.22 * ($528,200 - $301,100 - $43,500 - $21,600))
net income = $528,200 - $301,100 - $43,500 - $21,600 - (0.22 * $162,000)
net income = $528,200 - $301,100 - $43,500 - $21,600 - $35,640
net income = $126,360 calculating the addition to retained earnings:
addition to retained earnings = $126,360 - $29,400
addition to retained earnings = $96,960
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What is the present value of a $1,140 per year annuity for five
years at an interest rate of 12 percent? Multiple Choice $7,243.59
$4,109.44 $639.53 $3,089.34
To calculate the present value of the annuity, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
PV = Present value of the annuity
C = Cash flow per period ($1,140)
r = Interest rate per period (12% or 0.12)
n = Number of periods (5 years)
Plugging in the values:
PV = $1,140 * [(1 - (1 + 0.12)^(-5)) / 0.12]
PV = $1,140 * [(1 - 1.762341) / 0.12]
PV = $1,140 * [-0.762341 / 0.12]
PV = $1,140 * (-6.353674)
PV = -$7,243.59
The present value of the annuity is -$7,243.59. Note that the negative sign indicates an outgoing cash flow.
Therefore. "Multiple Choice $7,243.59".
The present value of a $1,140 per year annuity for five years at an interest rate of 12 percent is -$7,243.59. The present value of an annuity is the current worth of a series of equal cash flows received or paid over a specific period of time, considering the time value of money. In this case, we are calculating the present value of a $1,140 per year annuity for five years at an interest rate of 12 percent. To find the present value, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity. Plugging in the given values into the formula, we get a present value of -$7,243.59. The negative sign indicates an outgoing cash flow. Therefore, the present value of the annuity is -$7,243.59.
The present value of the $1,140 per year annuity for five years at an interest rate of 12 percent is -$7,243.59. This means that if you were to receive $1,140 per year for five years, and the interest rate is 12 percent, the present value of this annuity is -$7,243.59.
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Kaizen refers to ________.
Select one:
A.
the philosophy of striving toward perfection
B.
plotting data over time to identify performance outside the normal range
C.
empowering employees to look for ways to improve quality
D.
combining the attributes of lean production to Six Sigma to reduce waste and defects simultaneously
E.
taking samples form the process to look for trends and anomalies
Kaizen refers to the philosophy of striving toward perfection. Kaizen is a Japanese word that means “continuous improvement” or “good change.” It is a lean manufacturing and management approach that prioritizes small, incremental process improvements over time.
The Kaizen philosophy is about making small, continuous improvements to processes, systems, and products that result in better efficiency, quality, and productivity. The idea is to constantly examine processes and look for ways to make them more efficient, more effective, and more streamlined.
It's an approach that encourages teamwork and collaboration among all levels of employees in an organization to identify and solve problems.Kaizen has been widely used in the manufacturing industry, but it can be applied to other industries as well. It's also applicable in service industries, healthcare, and government. Kaizen helps organizations to become more competitive by eliminating waste, improving quality, and reducing costs.
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Andrew paid $40 to buy a potato cannon, a cylinder that shoots potatoes hundreds of feet. He was willing to pay $45. When Andrew's friend Nick learns that Andrew bought a potato cannon, he asks Andrew if he will sell it for $55, and Andrew agrees. Nick is thrilled, because he would have paid Andrew up to $80 for the cannon. Andrew is also delighted. Determine the consumer surplus from the original purchase and the additional surplus generated by the resale of the cannon. Andrew's original consumer surplus: $5______ B)Andrew's producer surplus from the resale: $10__________ C)Nick's consumer surplus from the resale: $15 D)Total surplus generated from the resale: $25_______
The consumer surplus from the original purchase is $5. Andrew's producer surplus from the resale is $10. Nick's consumer surplus from the resale is $15. The total surplus generated from the resale is $25.
How is consumer surplus calculated in this scenario? What is producer surplus and how is it calculated in the resale? How is Nick's consumer surplus calculated in the resale? What is the total surplus generated from the resale?Consumer surplus is a measure of the additional benefit or value that a consumer receives from a product or service, beyond what they actually paid for it. In this case, Andrew's consumer surplus from the original purchase can be calculated by subtracting the amount he paid ($40) from the maximum price he was willing to pay ($45), resulting in a consumer surplus of $5.
Producer surplus is the difference between the amount a producer receives from selling a product and the minimum price at which they were willing to sell it. In the resale of the potato cannon, Andrew's producer surplus can be calculated by subtracting the amount he received from Nick ($55) from the minimum price Nick was willing to pay ($80), resulting in a producer surplus of $10.
Nick's consumer surplus from the resale is the difference between the maximum price he was willing to pay ($80) and the price he actually paid Andrew ($55), resulting in a consumer surplus of $15.
The total surplus generated from the resale is the sum of Andrew's producer surplus ($10) and Nick's consumer surplus ($15), resulting in a total surplus of $25.
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You are considering buying a new home for 5 million. Suppose you borrow 85% of the purchase amount and suppose first that you will pay an interest rate of 0.4% per month.
a) What is the effective annual interest rate on your loan?
b) Suppose you repay the loan in equal monthly installments over 20 years, how much do you need to pay each month?
c) Suppose the effective annual interest rate increases to 14% per year. What is the new monthly interest rate?
d) In the scenario in c), what are your new monthly payments?
e) Suppose you can afford to pay mortgage payments of 20 000 per month and suppose you have 750 000 in equity. Suppose there no restrictions on how much you can borrow except for your ability to pay the monthly installments. What is the maximum bid you can afford if the monthly interest rate is 0.4%?
f) Reconsider the situation in e), but now the effective annual interest rate is 14%. What is your maximum bid?
g) Given the previous subquestions, what is the likely effect on house prices if the prevailing interest rates increase substantially? Briefly explain.
Already did a), b), c) and d), and the answers are:
a) 4.91%
b) 27580.69
c)1.1%
d)50398.74
The loan has an annual effective interest rate of 6.17%. After that you will have to pay about $27,580.69 each month if you return the loan in 20 equal monthly installments. The increased monthly interest rate would be roughly 1.1% if the effective yearly interest rate rose to 14% per year.
Your new monthly payments, in the case where the effective annual interest rate is 14%, would be roughly $50,398.74. The highest bid you could afford would be roughly $5,296,659 if you can afford $20,000 in mortgage payments each month, have $750,000 in equity, and assume a monthly interest rate of 0.4%.
If you take the current circumstances into consideration and use an effective yearly interest rate of 14%, your maximum bid would be roughly $3,961,639. If the current interest rates significantly rise, it is possible that affordability would drop and housing demand may decrease, which will have an impact on house prices.
a) The effective annual interest rate on your loan is 6.17%.
This can be calculated by using the formula for converting the monthly interest rate to an annual rate:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^12 - 1
Substituting the given monthly interest rate of 0.4%, we get:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = (1 + 0.004)^12 - 1 ≈ 0.0617 or 6.17%
b) If you repay the loan in equal monthly installments over 20 years, you need to pay approximately $27,580.69 each month. This can be calculated using the formula for the monthly payment of an amortizing loan:
Monthly Payment = Loan Amount * Monthly Interest Rate / (1 - (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^(-Number of Payments))
Substituting the loan amount of 85% of $5 million, a monthly interest rate of 0.4%, and the number of payments as 20 years * 12 months per year, we get:
Monthly Payment = 0.85 * $5,000,000 * 0.004 / (1 - (1 + 0.004)^(-20*12)) ≈ $27,580.69
c) If the effective annual interest rate increases to 14% per year, the new monthly interest rate would be approximately 1.1%.
This can be calculated by dividing the annual interest rate by 12:
Monthly Interest Rate = 14% / 12 = 0.011 or 1.1%
d) In the scenario where the effective annual interest rate is 14% per year, your new monthly payments would be approximately $50,398.74. Using the same formula as in part b, but with the new interest rate, we get:
Monthly Payment = 0.85 * $5,000,000 * 0.011 / (1 - (1 + 0.011)^(-20*12)) ≈ $50,398.74
e) If you can afford to pay mortgage payments of $20,000 per month and have $750,000 in equity, and assuming a monthly interest rate of 0.4%, the maximum bid you can afford would be approximately $5,296,659.
This can be calculated using the formula for the loan amount:
Loan Amount = (Monthly Payment / Monthly Interest Rate) * (1 - (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^(-Number of Payments)) + Equity
Substituting the given values, we get:
Loan Amount = ($20,000 / 0.004) * (1 - (1 + 0.004)^(-20*12)) + $750,000 ≈ $5,296,659
f) Reconsidering the situation with an effective annual interest rate of 14%, your maximum bid would be approximately $3,961,639. Using the same formula as in part e, but with the new interest rate, we get:
Loan Amount = ($20,000 / 0.011) * (1 - (1 + 0.011)^(-20*12)) + $750,000 ≈ $3,961,639
g) The likely effect on house prices if the prevailing interest rates increase substantially is a decrease in affordability and a potential decline in housing demand.
When interest rates rise, the cost of borrowing increases, making it more expensive for individuals to obtain financing for purchasing homes. This can lead to a decrease in the number of qualified buyers and put downward pressure on house prices as demand weakens.
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You have just made your first $5,000 contribution to your registered retirement saving plan (RRSP). Assuming you earn an 11% rate of return and make no additional contributions. What will your account be worth when you retire in 45 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Omit $ sign in your response. ) Future value $ What if you wait ten years before contributing? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Omit $ sign in your response. ) Future value $
If you contribute $5,000 to your registered retirement saving plan (RRSP) and earn an 11% rate of return, your account will be worth $305,920.76 when you retire in 45 years.
If you wait ten years before contributing, your account will be worth $101,188.65 when you retire in 35 years.
To calculate the future value of your RRSP account, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Rate of Return)^Number of Years
For the first scenario where you contribute immediately, the present value is $5,000, the rate of return is 11%, and the number of years is 45. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Future Value = $5,000 * (1 + 0.11)^45 = $305,920.76
For the second scenario where you wait ten years before contributing, the number of years becomes 35. Plugging the values into the formula, we get:
Future Value = $5,000 * (1 + 0.11)^35 = $101,188.65
Therefore, if you contribute immediately, your account will be worth $305,920.76 when you retire in 45 years. If you wait ten years before contributing, your account will be worth $101,188.65 when you retire in 35 years.
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QUESTION 2 (25 Marks) "During the first day of training the core team would identify a standard scope template to apply to each project". This scope statement is what is known as the "Scope Statement" in project management terms. Briefly define a scope statement and explain ANY SIX (6) items that the team can include in their scope statement
A scope statement in project management is a document that clearly defines the project's objectives, deliverables, boundaries, and constraints. It outlines what is included and excluded from the project and serves as a reference point to ensure that the project stays on track and meets stakeholders' expectations.
Six items that the team can include in their scope statement are:
1. Project Objectives: Clearly state the desired outcomes and benefits the project aims to achieve. This helps align the team's efforts and provides a sense of purpose.
2. Deliverables: Identify the tangible or intangible outputs that will be produced by the project. These are the specific products, services, or results that the project will deliver to the stakeholders.
3. Project Boundaries: Define the limits or boundaries of the project. This includes specifying what is within the project's scope and what is outside of it. It helps prevent scope creep and ensures a clear understanding of what is expected.
4. Assumptions: Document any assumptions made during the project planning phase. These are factors or conditions that are considered to be true but are not yet confirmed. Recognizing assumptions helps manage potential risks and uncertainties.
5. Constraints: Identify any limitations or restrictions that may impact the project. This could include resource constraints, time constraints, budget constraints, regulatory requirements, or any other factors that may restrict project options.
6. Stakeholders: Identify the key stakeholders who have an interest in or influence over the project. This helps ensure that their needs, expectations, and requirements are considered throughout the project lifecycle.
Including these items in the scope statement provides a clear and shared understanding of the project's objectives, boundaries, and expectations. It helps establish a foundation for effective project planning, execution, and control.
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King Waterbeth has an annual cash dividend policy that runs the dividend each year by 5% The mod recent dividendt, Dig, was 50 40 por share What is the stock pro
an mvestor wants a retum of 6%
b. an investor wants a return of 95%?
c. an investor wants a return of 1157
d. an investor wants a return of 14%
e an investor wants a return of 10%7
a. What is the stock's poce an investor wants a rotum of
(Round to the nearest cant)
The stock's price is $52.92 when an investor wants a return of 6%. Thus, option A is correct.
a. Annual dividend = Dig (1 + g)
where Dig = $50.40g = 5% = 0.05
Therefore, Annual dividend = $50.40 (1 + 0.05) = $52.92
Now, using Gordon's model, the stock price is calculated as:
P = D1 / (k - g)
where D1 = expected dividend = $52.92
k = required rate of return
g = growth rate = 5% = 0.05
a) If an investor wants a return of 6%, then the stock price would be:
P = D1 / (k - g) = $52.92 / (0.06 - 0.05) = $52.92
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You will be graded on content, argument, rhetoric, and format. Take time to edit your work.
Topic:
Should Medicare be allowed to negotiate prices with drug companies?
Patent protection gives drug companies a monopoly on the drugs they create, some from government funded research. Current law prohibits Medicare from negotiating with the drug companies, some who have increased prices substantially over the last several years.
For instance, consider the cost of the insulin required by diabetics. 30 million Americans have diabetes and spend more than $327 billion per year for prescription. Access to insulin is literally a matter of life and death. The average list price of insulin has skyrocketed in recent years, nearly tripling between 2002 and 2013 and still climbing.
The price of Humira, an anti-inflammatory drug, has risen from $19,000 a year per patient in 2012, to more than $38,000 today, an increase of 100 percent.
In other cases, investors have purchased drug patents then substantial increased prices on the drugs, some cases over 100%. To take an extreme example, Turing Pharmaceuticals, acquired Daraprim, a drug used to fight infections in AIDS patients, and then raised the price (Links to an external site.) per pill overnight from $13.50 to $750.
Opponents to negotiated rates argue that reducing the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry will result in the development of fewer new drugs and lost lives.
Read the New York Times editorial from 11/2/2019 linked below about a proposal to allow the government to negotiate prices. Would you support the bill, oppose it, or amend it? Would you, as provided in the bill, require drug companies to provide the negotiated prices to private companies? Explain why.
Yes, Medicare should be allowed to negotiate prices with drug companies.
What is the reason?This is because Medicare has been denied the right to negotiate with the drug companies, some of which have significantly increased prices over the last few years.
Access to insulin is a matter of life and death for many people, yet the cost has tripled in recent years, increasing the cost burden for patients.Opponents of negotiated rates argue that reducing the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry will result in fewer new drugs and lost lives, but Medicare needs to be allowed to negotiate to reduce the cost burden for patients and to reduce the profits earned by drug companies.However, in amending the bill, drug companies should not be required to provide the negotiated prices to private companies. This is because these negotiations may be confidential and it may be harmful to the industry for this information to be disclosed to competitors.Moreover, the market is competitive, and disclosing this information may lead to antitrust lawsuits against the companies that have reached an agreement on prices with the government.
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Purpose
This exercise is designed to help students apply influence tactics to real situations, in this case influencing people above them in the hierarchy.
Instructions
You are to identify specific strategies to influence people above you in the organizational hierarchy. Your team should consider each of the various influence tactics to determine specific practices that might change the attitudes and behavior of their bosses. During your team discussion, you should determine which influence tactics are most and least appropriate for managing your bosses. Each team should also consider relevant concepts from other chapters, such as perceptions, emotions and attitudes, and motivation.
Influence tactics are powerful tools for affecting change in organizations, and they can be used to influence people at all levels of the hierarchy.
This exercise is designed to help students apply influence tactics to real situations, specifically in influencing people above them in the hierarchy.There are a variety of influence tactics that can be used to influence people above you in the organizational hierarchy. Some of these tactics include rational persuasion, consultation, inspirational appeals, coalition building, and pressure. Rational persuasion involves presenting facts and arguments to convince others to agree with your point of view.
Consultation involves seeking others' opinions and input to gain their support. Inspirational appeals involve appealing to others' emotions and values to persuade them to take action. Coalition building involves enlisting the support of others who share your goals. Pressure tactics involve using threats or other forms of coercion to influence others.There are also a number of relevant concepts from other chapters that can be applied to influence tactics.
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Karen lives in Wichita, Kansas, and is a recent high school graduate. She knows she can get a job at a neighborhood coffee bar where she will earn the current minimum wage of $6.60 per hour, If she works 40 hours per week for 51 weeks a year (she will take a 1-week unpaid vacation), how much will she earn for the year?
Karen will earn $
for the year.
Karen will earn $13,428 for the year.
To calculate Karen's annual earnings, we need to multiply her hourly wage by the number of hours worked in a week and then multiply that by the number of weeks worked in a year.
Karen earns the current minimum wage of $6.60 per hour. She works 40 hours per week for 51 weeks, as she takes a 1-week unpaid vacation.
So, her weekly earnings can be calculated as: $6.60/hour × 40 hours/week = $264/week.
Her yearly earnings can be calculated as: $264/week × 51 weeks/year = $13,428/year.
Therefore, Karen will earn $13,428 for the year.
To calculate Karen's annual earnings, we multiply her hourly wage of $6.60 by the number of hours she works in a week (40 hours/week). This gives us her weekly earnings. Next, we multiply her weekly earnings by the number of weeks she works in a year (51 weeks) to find her yearly earnings. Taking into account her 1-week unpaid vacation, we can determine that Karen will earn $13,428 for the year.
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4-describe the production possibility curve, give examples of your own and draw the graph
The production possibility curve (PPC), also known as the production possibility frontier (PPF), represents the different combinations of two goods or services that an economy can produce using its limited resources and technology.
The production possibility curve is a graphical representation that illustrates the maximum output levels of two goods or services an economy can produce efficiently with its given resources and technology. It demonstrates the trade-off between producing one good versus the other, assuming that resources are fully utilized and used in the most efficient manner.
The PPC is typically concave or bowed outward from the origin due to the concept of increasing opportunity cost. This means that as an economy shifts resources from producing one good to another, the opportunity cost increases. In other words, to produce more of one good, the economy must give up increasing amounts of the other good.
For example, let's consider an economy that can produce only two goods: cars and computers. The PPC would show the maximum combinations of cars and computers that the economy can produce. If the economy decides to allocate all of its resources to producing cars, it can produce a certain number of cars, but no computers. Conversely, if it allocates all of its resources to producing computers, it can produce a certain number of computers, but no cars. The PPC illustrates the different possible combinations of cars and computers along the curve, indicating the opportunity cost of producing more of one good in terms of the other.
Drawing the graph:
Unfortunately, as a text-based AI model, I cannot draw a graph directly. However, you can easily visualize the production possibility curve by plotting the combinations of cars and computers on a two-dimensional graph. The x-axis represents the quantity of cars, and the y-axis represents the quantity of computers. By connecting the points representing the maximum output combinations, you can trace the concave curve of the production possibility curve.
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Q-12 A company will pay a $3.30 dividend next year, which is
4.5% higher than the dividend paid over the prior year. After next
year, the annual dividends is estimated to increase at a constant
rate o
The answer is , the value of the stock is $86.
How to find?As per the Gordon Growth Model, the value of the stock can be calculated using the formula as shown below:P0 = (D1 / (ke - g))
Where,P0 is the price of the stock
D1 is the dividend payment next year
ke is the required rate of return
g is the expected dividend growth rate.
As per the question, the expected dividend growth rate is constant.
So, the formula for expected dividend growth rate can be modified as follows:
[tex]Po = (D1 / (ke - g))[/tex]
= D0 × (1 + g) / (ke - g)
The expected dividend growth rate can be calculated using the formula as shown below:
Growth rate (g) = Dividend growth rate
= 4.5%
= 0.045.
Dividend payment in the current year (D0) = $3.30
The required rate of return (k) can be calculated using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) formula, which is given as follows:
Ke = Rf + β × (Rm - Rf)
Where,
Ke is the required rate of return
Rf is the risk-free rate of return
β is the beta of the stock
Rm is the expected market return.
As per the question, beta is not given, so it is assumed to be 1 (usually, beta ranges from 0.5 to 1.5).
Risk-free rate of return (Rf) is 2.5%
Expected market return (Rm) is 8.5%.
So, the required rate of return (k) can be calculated using the CAPM formula, which is as follows:
[tex]Ke = Rf + β × (Rm - Rf)[/tex]
= 2.5% + 1 × (8.5% - 2.5%)
= 2.5% + 1 × 6%
= 2.5% + 6%
= 8.5%.
Putting the values in the formula,
[tex]P0 = (D0 × (1 + g)) / (ke - g)[/tex]
= ($3.30 × (1 + 0.045)) / (0.085 - 0.045)
= $3.44 / 0.04
= $86.
Therefore, the value of the stock is $86.
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Ricardian Model: Suppose that a country has 200 workers and that its technology requires 1 worker-hour per unit of food and 2 worker-hours per unit of cloth. In autarky, it employs 100 workers in each of the two industries. With free trade, it faces world prices of $10 per unit of food and $30 per unit of cloth. Suppose that in autarky, workers in both industries are paid $8 per hour.What is the wage of labor with free trade, in dollars? What has happened, as a result of trade, to the real wages of labor? Compute real wages both in terms of the price of food and the price of cloth, that is, W/Pfood and W/Pcloth before and after free trade. Based on the real wages, comment on whether workers become better off or worse off after free trade.
The wage of labor with free trade, in dollars, is $8 per hour. As a result of trade, the real wages of labor increase.
To calculate the real wages before and after free trade using Ricardian Model we need to compare the wage (W) with the price of food (Pfood) and the price of cloth (Pcloth).
Before free trade, the wage (W) is $8 per hour. In autarky, the country produces both food and cloth, so the prices of food and cloth are not relevant for calculating real wages. Therefore, the real wage in terms of the price of food (W/Pfood) and the price of cloth (W/Pcloth) is simply $8.
After free trade, the world prices are $10 per unit of food and $30 per unit of cloth. The wage (W) remains the same at $8 per hour.
The real wage in terms of the price of food (W/Pfood) is $8/$10 = 0.8 units of food per hour, and the real wage in terms of the price of cloth (W/Pcloth) is $8/$30 = 0.2667 units of cloth per hour.
Comparing the real wages before and after free trade, we can see that both the real wage in terms of the price of food and the real wage in terms of the price of cloth have increased. This means that workers are better off after free trade because they can now purchase more units of both food and cloth with their wages.
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You are evaluating an investment project costing $19,000 initially. The project will provide $3,000 in after-tax cash flows in the first year, $4,000 in the second year and $6,000 each year thereafter for 10 years. The maximum payback period for your company is 5 years. Attempt 1/1 Part 1 What is the payback period for this project? 0+ decimals Attempt 1/1
Part 2 Should your company accept this project?
Yes No
The payback period for this project is the time taken by the cash inflows of the project to equal the cash outflows or initial investment. The calculation of the payback period for this project is as follows Cash inflow in the first year = $3000Cash inflow in the second year = $4000Cash inflow from the third year onwards = $6000Initial investment = $19,000.
The total cash inflow for the first 2 years is Total cash inflow = $3000 + $4000= $7000The remaining cash inflow is;Remaining cash inflow = Total cash inflow from third year onwards × Number of years after the second year = $6000 × 8 years = $48000Total cash inflow = Remaining cash inflow + Total cash inflow for the first 2 years = $48000 + $7000 = $55000To find the payback period, the cash inflows of each year are calculated until the cumulative cash inflows equal the initial investment.
The table below shows the calculations Year Cash inflows Cumulative cash inflows1 $3000 $30002 $4000 $70003 $6000 $130004 $6000 $190005 $6000 $250006 $6000 $310007 $6000 $370008 $6000 $430009 $6000 $4900010 $6000 $55000To find the payback period ,Payback period = 4 + (19000 - 13000)/6000= 4.33 yearsTherefore, the payback period for this project is 4.33 years.Part 2The maximum payback period for the company is 5 years. Since the payback period for this project is 4.33 years, it is less than the maximum payback period hence, the company should accept the project.
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With regards to comparative advantage, it would be unlikely for a single party to have the in both goods because O a) A) comparative advantage; people have different preference sets b) B) same opportunity cost; people have the same preference sets c) C) absolute cost; countries are increasing their capital stock d) D) absolute advantage; of comparative advantage
Previous question
It would be unlikely for a single party to have the comparative advantage in both goods because people have different preference sets.Comparative refers to the ability of an individual or country to produce a good or services at a lower opportunity cost compared to others.
The concept of comparative advantage is based on the idea that individuals or countries should specialize in producing goods or services where they have a lower opportunity cost and trade with others to obtain goods or services they have a higher opportunity cost in producing.
In the context of the given s, A) comparative advantage; people have different preference sets. This is because people's preferences for goods or services can vary, and their opportunity costs of producing different goods will differ based on their skills, resources, and preferences. As a result, it would be unlikely for a single party to have the comparative advantage in both goods simultaneously. It is through specialization and trade that parties can benefit from each other's comparative advantages and achieve overall efficiency and gains from trade.
The other s (B, C, and D) are not accurate because they do not align with the concept of comparative advantage. Comparative advantage is not based on the same opportunity cost (B), absolute cost (C), or absolute advantage (D), but rather on the concept of lower opportunity cost in producing a particular good or service.Certainly! Here's some additional information regarding comparative advantage and why it would be unlikely for a single party to have the comparative advantage in both goods:
1. Comparative Advantage: Comparative advantage is the ability of an individual, firm, or country to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to others. It is based on the principle of specialization and trade, suggesting that parties should focus on producing goods or services where they have a lower opportunity cost and trade for goods or services where others have a lower opportunity cost.
2. Different Preference Sets: One of the reasons why it would be unlikely for a single party to have the comparative advantage in both goods is because people have different preference sets. Preferences determine the value individuals place on different goods or services. Since individuals have diverse preferences, their willingness to allocate resources to produce certain goods or services will vary. This leads to different opportunity costs for different individuals when producing different goods.
3. Opportunity Cost and Specialization: Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative foregone when choosing a particular course of action. To achieve comparative advantage, parties specialize in producing goods or services where their opportunity cost is comparatively lower. By focusing on producing goods or services with lower opportunity costs, parties can allocate their resources more efficiently and maximize overall production and trade benefits.
4. Trade and Gains from Comparative Advantage: Comparative advantage provides the basis for mutually beneficial trade between parties. Even if a party has a comparative advantage in one good, it will still benefit from trading with others who have a comparative advantage in different goods. By specializing in their respective areas of comparative advantage and engaging in trade, parties can expand their consumption possibilities beyond what they could achieve through self-sufficiency.
In summary, comparative advantage arises due to differences in opportunity costs, and individuals or countries are unlikely to have the comparative advantage in both goods simultaneously due to variations in preferences and resource allocation decisions. Through specialization and trade based on comparative advantage, parties can enhance overall production efficiency and achieve gains from trade.
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Project Crashing The following table gives data on normal time and cost and crash time and cost of project. Indirect cost is CAD 60 day A) Draw the network diagram Marks 3 B) Find Critical path Marks 2 C) Crash the relevant activities symmetrically and determine the optimum project time and cost Marks 10 Acitvity Name Normal Time Normal Cost Crash Time Crash Cost 1-2 A 9 640 6 700 1-3 B 8 500 5 575 1-4 C 15 400 10 550 2-4 D 5 100 3 120 3-4 E 10 200 6 260 4-5 F 2 100 1 140 Q2. Earned Value You’re a subcontractor responsible for managing the installation of 10,000 feet of fence around an elementary school. You estimate the cost of fence installation to be $10 per foot. You estimate that your crew can install 500 feet of fence per week. After 12 weeks, you have 50% of the job complete and you have spent $45,000. Determine the value for each of the terms below: Marks 10 Term Value 1 Budget at Completion (BAC) 2 Planned Value (PV) 3 Earned value (EV) 4 Actual Cost (AC) 5 Cost Variance (CV) 6 Schedule Variance (SV) 7 Cost Performance Index(CPI) 8 Schedule Performance Index (SPI) 9 Estimate at Completion 10 Estimate to Complete
The given information is insufficient to draw the network diagram or determine the critical path. The Earned Value terms cannot be calculated without additional data.
A) Drawing the network diagram based on the given data is not possible without the specific relationships between activities.
B) To find the critical path, the network diagram is required to determine the sequence of activities and their durations.
C) Crashing activities symmetrically involves reducing their durations to the crash time while increasing the costs. To determine the optimum project time and cost, the critical path and crashing costs for each activity need to be considered.
1) Budget at Completion (BAC): The total planned cost for the entire project. 2) Planned Value (PV): The estimated value of the work scheduled to be completed at a specific point in time.
3) Earned Value (EV): The value of the work actually completed at a specific point in time. 4) Actual Cost (AC): The total cost incurred for the work completed up to a specific point in time.
5) Cost Variance (CV): The difference between the earned value and the actual cost. 6) Schedule Variance (SV): The difference between the earned value and the planned value.
7) Cost Performance Index (CPI): The ratio of earned value to actual cost, indicating cost efficiency. 8) Schedule Performance Index (SPI): The ratio of earned value to planned value, indicating schedule efficiency.
9) Estimate at Completion (EAC): The projected total cost of the project based on performance. 10) Estimate to Complete (ETC): The estimated cost required to complete the remaining work.
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Harrod Company paid $5,400 for a 4-month insurance premium in advance on November 1, with coverage beginning on that date. The balance in the prepaid insurance account before adjustment at the end of the year is $5,400, and no adjustments had been made previously. The adjusting entry required on December 31 is:
The adjusting entry required on December 31 is: Debit Insurance Expense $2,700, Credit Prepaid Insurance $2,700.
The adjusting entry required on December 31 for the prepaid insurance account can be determined by calculating the amount of insurance that has been used up or expired during the year.
Since the insurance premium was paid for 4 months, and coverage began on November 1, we need to determine the number of months that have passed from November 1 to December 31. This would be 2 months (November and December).
To calculate the amount of insurance that has been used up or expired, we divide the total premium by the number of months of coverage:
Premium per month = $5,400 / 4 = $1,350
Insurance used up = Premium per month x Number of months used up
= $1,350 x 2 = $2,700
Now, we can calculate the adjusting entry:
Debit: Insurance Expense - $2,700
Credit: Prepaid Insurance - $2,700
The adjusting entry recognizes the insurance expense for the amount that has been used up during the year (2 months), reducing the prepaid insurance account accordingly.
Therefore, the adjusting entry required on December 31 is:
Debit Insurance Expense $2,700
Credit Prepaid Insurance $2,700
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The process map known as SIPOC provides team members an
understanding of the process. It is a view of the process taken at:
a. A detailed granular level b. A high overview level
The SIPOC process map provides team members with an understanding of the process at a high overview level. SIPOC stands for Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers, and it is a visual representation of the key elements of a process. It outlines the suppliers of inputs, the process steps involved, the outputs produced, and the customers who receive the outputs.
The purpose of the SIPOC map is to provide a high-level view of the process, emphasizing the inputs and outputs and the relationships between different process components. It helps team members gain a broad understanding of the process flow and identify the stakeholders involved.
While the SIPOC map does not provide detailed granular information about each step or specific activities within the process, it serves as a valuable starting point for process improvement efforts and can guide more detailed analysis and documentation as needed.
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1. Answer the following questions and explain your work. 2. Do not attach any other pages. 3. Download, write your answers on this same Question sheet; next, to each question. 4. Don't write your name 5. Upload in the same drop box for the purpose of making comments 6. Don't change the questions or use different values? Question 1. In competitive markets, there are many small firms with each firm unable to influence the market price. Suppose company XYZ operates in the wheat market. The company produces and markets wheats at a Price =$40 per container. The firm's total costs are given as: TC=100+4Q+3Q 2
a) Find the Firm's marginal cost? Show your steps, including graphs. Review additional resources? Hint: See the rules for differentiation b) What is the firm's demand curve? Show it on a graph and label the axes showing P and Q c) What level of output should the firm produce? Hint: Set P=MC and solve for Q. Use a graph to show your answers as well
The firm's marginal cost is MC = 4 + 6Q.
What is the firm's marginal cost?The firm's demand curve represents the relationship between the price of the wheat (P) and the quantity of wheat demanded (Q).
Since the company operates in a competitive market, it faces a horizontal demand curve at the market price of $40 per container.
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what effect will a decline in the market wage for this type of
labor in other occupations have on the market demand for a specific
type of labor?
When the market wage for a specific type of labor declines in other occupations, it can have an effect on the market demand for that particular type of labor.
Here's how:
1. Decreased Cost:
A decline in the market wage means that employers can hire workers at a lower cost. This makes it more attractive for employers to hire workers in that specific type of labor.
2. Increased Demand:
With the decreased cost of hiring workers in that specific type of labor, employers may increase their demand for it. They can afford to hire more workers or expand their operations, resulting in an increased demand for that type of labor.
3. Substitution Effect:
When the market wage for one type of labor declines, it can make that type of labor more attractive compared to other occupations. Employers may choose to substitute workers in other occupations with workers in the specific type of labor, leading to an increased demand for the latter.
4. Overall Market Demand:
The decline in the market wage for this type of labor in other occupations can ultimately increase the market demand for that specific type of labor. This is because the lower cost and increased attractiveness of hiring workers in this field can encourage employers to utilize this labor more extensively.
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Mark owns an oil pipeline that will generate an $8 million cash return over the coming year. The pipeline's operating costs are negligible, and it's expected to last for a very long time. Unfortunately, the volume of oil shipped ins declining, and cash flows are expected to decline by 8% per year. The discount rate is 12%. What is the PV of the cash flows if the pipeline is scrapped after 30 years?
It has been given that the pipeline is expected to generate a cash return of $8 million over the coming year, and the volume of oil shipped is declining by 8% per year. The pipeline has negligible operating costs, and it is expected to last for a long time.
The present value (PV) of the cash flows can be calculated using the formula:
PV = CF1 / (1+r1) + CF2 / (1+r2)² + CF3 / (1+r3)³ + ... + CFn / (1+rn)ⁿ
where,
PV = present value
CF1, CF2, CF3, ..., CFn = cash flows at the end of year 1, 2, 3, ..., n
r1, r2, r3, ..., rn = discount rates for year 1, 2, 3, ..., n
Given:
CF1 = $8 million
r = 12%
n = 30 years
g = 8%
First, we need to calculate the cash flows for the next 30 years. The cash flow for each year can be calculated using the formula:
CFt = CF1 * (1+g)t
where,
CF1 = initial cash flow
g = annual decline rate in cash flows
t = year
So, the cash flows for the next 30 years can be calculated as follows:
CF1 = $8 million
g = 8%
t = 1 year
CF1 = $8 million * (1 - 0.08)^1
CF1 = $7.36 million
Similarly, the cash flows for the next 30 years can be calculated as follows:
CF2 = $8 million * (1 - 0.08)^2
CF2 = $6.77 million
CF3 = $8 million * (1 - 0.08)^3
CF3 = $6.22 million
...
CF30 = $8 million * (1 - 0.08)^30
CF30 = $0.8 million
Now, we can calculate the PV of the cash flows using the formula mentioned earlier.
PV = CF1 / (1+r1) + CF2 / (1+r2)² + CF3 / (1+r3)³ + ... + CFn / (1+rn)ⁿ
PV = $7.36 million / (1+0.12)¹ + $6.77 million / (1+0.12)² + $6.22 million / (1+0.12)³ + ... + $0.8 million / (1+0.12)³⁰
PV = $67.75 million
Therefore, the PV of the cash flows is $67.75 million if the pipeline is scrapped after 30 years.
The present value (PV) of the cash flows is calculated to be $67.75 million if the pipeline is scrapped after 30 years.
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Please watch the You Tube Video TED Talk Joseph Pine - "What Consumers Want"
Anwer the questions below
1.Explain the significance of the progression of economic value. Walk through the progression from Commodities,to Services, to Goods, to Experience. Identify the Business Imperative and Consumer sensitivity for each.
2.What is mass marketing? Explain why this model of marketing is not as effective as it was in years past.
3.Why do people value connectivity? Describe the benefits of connectivity to a business.
4.According to Joseph Pine say about authenticity?
5.How will the concepts have presented in this video affect consumer preferences in the future?
1. Economic value progression The economic value progression refers to the various phases through which the economic offering has evolved, beginning with the provision of commodities, moving on to the provision of services, then goods, and ultimately experiences.
Commodities refer to raw materials, natural resources or crops grown by a producer. In the early days of commerce, there was little variation in the products that were produced and traded, and the competition was solely focused on the prices.Services, on the other hand, are intangible experiences or skills that are given to the customer. Services have unique characteristics such as perishability, variability, and inseparability, and are highly dependent on customer satisfaction.
Goods are tangible products that are mass-produced to the specifications of customers. A product's quality, style, and feature variety determine the cost and value of goods. A successful goods company should be able to cater to a wide range of client needs and produce a high-quality product at an affordable price.Experiences, in the end, are the pinnacle of economic value progression, providing clients with a memorable and satisfying experience. Consumer participation is the most important aspect of an experience, and the delivery of goods or services is secondary.
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Determine the cost of goods sold. Exercise 2: Prepare the journal entries to record the transaction (purchase transactions) Feb . 5 purchased merchandise from Best Company for $5,000 Feb .10 purchased equipment on account for $6,000. Feb . 12 paid freight costs of $600 on merchandise purchased from Best company
Feb . 15 returned damaged merchandise to Best Company and was granted a $400 credit for returned merchandise Feb .20 paid the amount due to Best Company in full.
To determine the cost of goods sold, we need to consider the purchases of merchandise and any adjustments for returns. Here are the transactions:
Feb. 5: Purchased merchandise from Best Company for $5,000.
Feb. 15: Returned damaged merchandise to Best Company and received a $400 credit.
To calculate the cost of goods sold, we subtract the value of returned merchandise from the total purchases:
Cost of Goods Sold = Purchases - Returns
Cost of Goods Sold = $5,000 - $400 = $4,600
Therefore, the cost of goods sold is $4,600.
The cost of goods sold represents the expense incurred by a company for the direct costs associated with producing or acquiring the goods it sells. In this case, the cost of goods sold for the given transactions is $4,600.
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