Assuming the same temperature and pressure for each gas, how many milliliters of carbon dioxide are produced from 16 0 mL of CO
2 CO(g) + O2(g) 4, 2 CO2 (g)
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
​

Answer:

[tex]x_B=0.0769[/tex]

[tex]m=0.990m[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, we can compute the mole fraction of benzene by using the following formula:

[tex]x_B=\frac{n_B}{n_B+n_C}[/tex]

Whereas n accounts for the moles of each substance, thus, we compute them by using molar mass of benzene and cyclohexane:

[tex]n_B=6.24g*\frac{1mol}{78.11g}=0.0799mol\\ \\n_C=80.74g*\frac{1mol}{84.16g} =0.959mol[/tex]

Thus, we compute the mole fraction:

[tex]x_B=\frac{0.0799mol}{0.0799mol+0.959mol}\\ \\x_B=0.0769[/tex]

Next, for the molality, we define it as:

[tex]m=\frac{n_B}{m_C}[/tex]

Whereas we also use the moles of benzene but rather than the moles of cyclohexane, its mass in kilograms (0.08074 kg), thus, we obtain:

[tex]m=\frac{0.0799mol}{0.08074kg}=0.990mol/kg[/tex]

Or just 0.990 m in molal units (mol/kg).

Best regards.

Considering the definition of mole fraction and molality:

You know that:

The molar fraction is a way of measuring the concentration that expresses the proportion in which a substance is found with respect to the total moles of the solution.

Being the molar mass and the mass in the solution of each compound, the number of moles of each compound can be calculated as:

So, the total moles of the solution can be calculated as:

Total moles = 0.08 moles + 0.96 moles = 1.04 moles

Finally, the mole fraction of benzene can be calculated as follow:

[tex]\frac{number moles of benzene}{total moles} =\frac{0.08 moles}{1.04 moles} = 0.077[/tex]

Finally, the mole fraction of benzene is 0.077.

Molality is the ratio of the number of moles of any dissolved solute to kilograms of solvent.

The Molality of a solution is determined by the expression:

[tex]Molality=\frac{number of moles of solute}{kilograms of solvent}[/tex]

In this case, you know:

Replacing:

[tex]Molality benzene=\frac{0.08 moles}{0.08074 kg}[/tex]

Molality benzene= 0.9908 [tex]\frac{moles}{kg}[/tex]

Finally, the molality of benzene is 0.9908 [tex]\frac{moles}{kg}[/tex].

Learn more about:

Answer:

Vitamin K

Explanation:

this is the answer

Answer:

First the aqueous solution of iodine is heated mildly and then collection of the iodine crystals is done from its vapors.

Explanation:

Iodine is one of the elements that can get recovered easily from a given solution by going through the process of mild heating. For doing this, first, the aqueous solution is heated mildly over a low flame with a dish placed over the flame. As the process of mild heating continues, the fumes of the iodine start to originate that slowly get condense around the dish's cooler parts.  

With condensation, the formation of pure iodine crystals takes place. These iodine crystals can now be extracted easily by a physical method.  

Answer:

CuO(s) + H₂(g) --> Cu(s) + H₂O(l)

Explanation:

It is already balanced. You can see that the values of the elements of the reactants are equal to the values of the elements of the products.

Answer:

1.1 × 10⁻³ g

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Henry's Law constant for methane (k): 1.4 × 10⁻³ M/atm

Volume of water (=volume of solution): 75 mL

Partial pressure of methane (P): 0.68 atm

Step 2: Calculate the concentration of methane in water (C)

We will use Henry's law.

[tex]C = k \times P = 1.4 \times 10^{-3}M/atm \times 0.68atm = 9.5 \times 10^{-4}M[/tex]

Step 3: Calculate the moles of methane in 75 mL of water

[tex]\frac{9.5 \times 10^{-4}mol}{L} \times 0.075 L = 7.1 \times 10^{-5}mol[/tex]

Step 4: Calculate the mass corresponding to 7.1 × 10⁻⁵ mol of methane

The molar mass of methane is 16.04 g/mol.

[tex]7.1 \times 10^{-5}mol \times \frac{16.04g}{mol} = 1.1 \times 10^{-3} g[/tex]

Answer:

THE FREEZING POINT OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS - 7.3 °C

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we must know the following variables:

Normal boiling point of water (solvent) = 100 °C

The molar boiling point elevation constant of water  = 1.51 °C /m

Normla freezing point of water ( solvent) = 0 °C

The molar freezing point depression constant = 1.86 °C /m

The boiling point of the aqueous solution = 105.9 °C

Molarity = xM

Change in boiling point = boiling point of solution - boiling point of water

Change in boiling point = 105.9 - 100 °C

= 5.9 °C

From the formula:

Change in boiling point = i * Kb * M

Re- arranging the formula by making M the subject of the equation, we have:

M = change in boiling point / Kb

i = 1

M = 5.9 °C / 1.51 °C/m

M = 3.907 M

Then, we calculate the freezing point:

Change in freezing point = i * Kb * M

= 1 * 1.86 °C/m * 3.907 M

= 7.267 °C

Hence, the freezing point = freezing point of water - change in freezing point

Freezing point = 0 °C - 7.267 °C

Freezing point = - 7.267 °C

Freezing point = -7.3 °C

Answer:

[tex]Fe(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{3}\\Fe (OH)_{3}\\\\NH_{4}(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})\\\\NH_{4}OH[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]Fe^{3+}(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})^{-}_{3}--->Fe(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{3}\\Fe^{3+} (OH^{-})_{3}--->Fe (OH)_{3}\\\\NH_{4}^{+}(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})^{-}--->NH_{4}(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})\\\\NH_{4}^{+}OH^{-} ---> NH_{4}OH[/tex]

Answer:

a. NH₃ : base

CH₃COOH (acetic acid) : acid

NH₄⁺ : conjugate acid

CH₃COO⁻ : conjugate base

b. HClO₄ (perchloric acid) : acid

NH₃ : base

ClO₄⁻ : conjugate base

NH₄⁺ : conjugate acid

Hope this helps.

Answer:

In the attached image the Lewis equation is shown where it is shown how two oxygens react with two hydrogens to meet the octet of the electrons.

Explanation:

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most named chemicals since it is not only sold as "hydrogen peroxide" in pharmacies but it is also one of the great weapons of immune defense cells to defend ourselves against anaerobic bacteria.

The disadvantage of this compound is that when dividing it forms free oxygen radicals that are considered toxic or aging for our body.

In the attached image below, you will see the Lewis equation is shown there. There, you will see how two oxygens react with two hydrogens to come about the octet of the electrons.

When two or more atoms bond with each other, they often form a molecule. When two hydrogens and an oxygen share electrons through covalent bonds, a water molecule is formed.

The octet rule is known as when most atoms want to gain stability in their outer most energy level by filling themselves that is the S and P orbitals of the highest energy level with eight electron.

HOOH is the compound  that is form. It is called Hydrogen peroxide. This because it is has reactive oxygen species and the simplest peroxide.

Lear more from

https://brainly.com/question/15715780

Answer:

ΔH°r = -1009.8 kJ

Explanation:

Let's consider the following balanced reaction.

2 NH₃(g) + 3 N₂O(g) ⇒ 4 N₂(g) + 3 H₂O(l)

We can calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction (ΔH°r) using the following expression.

ΔH°r = [4 mol × ΔH°f(N₂(g)) + 3 mol × ΔH°f(H₂O(l))] - [2 mol × ΔH°f(NH₃(g)) + 3 mol × ΔH°f(N₂O(g))]

ΔH°r = [4 mol × 0 kJ/mol + 3 mol × (-285.8 kJ/mol)] - [2 mol × (-46.2 kJ/mol) + 3 mol × 81.6 kJ/mol]

ΔH°r = -1009.8 kJ

Answer

Naphthalene is a non electrolyte

If the unknown compound is an electrolyte it gives 2 or more ions in solution

( NaCl >> Na+ + Cl- => 2 ions

Ca(NO3)2 >> Ca2+ + 2 NO3- => 3 ions)

the f.p. lowering is directly proportional to the molal concentration of dissolved ions in the solution )

For naphthalene

delta T = 1.86 x m

for a salt that gives 2 ions

delta T = 1.86 x m x 2

hence the lowering in freezion point of unkown is greater then napthalene

Answer:

490 J.

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Mass (m) = 5 Kg

Height (h) = 10 m

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²

Potential energy (P.E) =..?

Potential energy is the energy stored in a body by virtue of its location. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

P.E = mgh

Where:

m is the mass of the object measured in kilograms (Kg).

g is the acceleration due to gravity and the value is 9.8 m/s².

h is the height to which the object is located measured in metre (m)

P.E is the potential energy measured in joule (J).

With the above formula, we can obtain the potential energy possed by the object as follow:

P.E = mgh

P.E = 5 x 9.8 x 10

P.E = 490 J

The,the potential energy possed by the object is 490 J

Hey! :)

__________ ☆ ☆__________________________________

Answer:

The answer is Electronegativity increases up and to the right

Explanation:

When you move from left to right it increases ( in the periodic table )

But when you move down the table electronegativity decreases.

So “ Electronegativity increases up and to the right” describes the trends the best.

Hope this helps! :)

____________☆ ☆________________________________

By, BrainlyMember ^-^

Good luck!

Answer:

Molar mass = 52.96g/mol

density = 1.91g/L

Explanation:

using ideal gas equation

PV=nRT

Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Density and mass of unknown gas is 1.91g/L and 52.96g/mol respectively. The equation used to solve this is PM=dRT.

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.

Mathematically the relation between Pressure, Molar mass and temperature can be given as

PV=nRT

This equation is arranged as

PM=dRT

Where,

P=pressure of gas = 1.05 atm

M= molar mass=?

d= density=?

R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol

T=temperature=354K

density=mass÷ volume

density=3.35 g÷1.75 L

density = 1.91g/L

PM=dRT

P×M=d×R×T

1.05 atm ×M= 1.91g/L× 0.0821 ×354K

M=52.96g/mol

Therefore, density and mass of unknown gas is 1.91g/L and 52.96g/mol respectively.

To learn more about ideal gas equation, here:

https://brainly.com/question/14826347

#SPJ5

Answer:

4.26 %

Explanation:

There is some info missing. I think this is the original question.

Calculate the percent ionization of nitrous acid in a solution that is 0.249 M in nitrous acid. The acid dissociation constant of nitrous acid is  4.50  ×  10 ⁻⁴.

Step 1: Given data

Initial concentration of the acid (Ca): 0.249 M

Acid dissociation constant (Ka): 4.50  ×  10 ⁻⁴

Step 2: Write the ionization reaction for nitrous acid

HNO₂(aq) ⇒ H⁺(aq) + NO₂⁻(aq)

Step 3: Calculate the concentration of nitrite in the equilibrium ([A⁻])

We will use the following expression.

[tex][A^{-} ] = \sqrt{Ca \times Ka } = \sqrt{0.249 \times 4.50 \times 10^{-4} } = 0.0106 M[/tex]

Step 4: Calculate the percent ionization of nitrous acid

We will use the following expression.

[tex]\alpha = \frac{[A^{-} ]}{[HA]} \times 100\% = \frac{0.0106M}{0.249} \times 100\% = 4.26\%[/tex]

Answer:

143pm is the radius of an Al atom

Explanation:

In a face centered cubic structure, FCC, there are 4 atoms per unit cell.

First, you need to obtain the mass of an unit cell using molar mass of Aluminium  and thus, obtain edge length and knowing Edge = √8R you can find the radius, R, of an Al atom.

Mass of an unit cell

As 1 mole of Al weighs 26.98g. 4 atoms of Al weigh:

4 atoms × (1mole / 6.022x10²³atoms) × (26.98g / mole) = 1.792x10⁻²²g

Edge length

As density of aluminium is 2.71g/cm³, the volume of an unit cell is:

1.792x10⁻²²g × (1cm³ / 2.71g) = 6.613x10⁻²³cm³

And the length of an edge of the cell is:

∛6.613x10⁻²³cm³ = 4.044x10⁻⁸cm = 4.044x10⁻¹⁰m

Radius:

As in FCC structure, Edge = √8 R, radius of an atom of Al is:

4.044x10⁻¹⁰m = √8 R

1.430x10⁻¹⁰m = R.

In pm:

1.430x10⁻¹⁰m ₓ (1x10¹²pm / 1m) =

The radius of the atom of Al in the FCC structure has been 143 pm.

The FCC lattice has been contributed with atoms at the edge of the cubic structure.

The FCC has consisted of 4 atoms in a lattice.

[tex]\rm 6.023\;\times\;10^2^3[/tex] atoms = 1 mole

4 atoms = [tex]\rm \dfrac{4}{6.023\;\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] moles

The mass of 1 mole Al has been 26.98 g/mol.

The mass of [tex]\rm \dfrac{4}{6.023\;\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] moles = [tex]\rm \dfrac{4}{6.023\;\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] moles × 26.98 g

The mass of 1 unit cell of Al has been = 1.792 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^-^2^2}[/tex] g.

Density = [tex]\rm \dfrac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

Volume = Density × Mass

The volume of Al unit cell = 2.71 g/[tex]\rm cm^3[/tex] × 1.792 [tex]\rm \times\;10^-^2^2[/tex] g

The volume of Al cell = 6.613 [tex]\rm \times\;10^-^2^3[/tex] [tex]\rm cm^3[/tex]

Volume = [tex]\rm edge\;length^3[/tex]

6.613 [tex]\rm \times\;10^-^2^3[/tex] [tex]\rm cm^3[/tex] = [tex]\rm edge\;length^3[/tex]

Edge length = [tex]\rm \sqrt[3]{6.613\;\times\;10^-^2^3}[/tex] cm

Edge length = 4.044 [tex]\rm \times\;10^-^8[/tex] cm

Edge length = 4.044 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^-^1^0}[/tex] m.

Edge length = [tex]\rm \sqrt{8\;\times\;radius}[/tex]

4.044 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^-^1^0}[/tex] m = [tex]\rm \sqrt{8\;\times\;radius}[/tex]

Radius = 1.430 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^-^1^0}[/tex] m.

1 m = [tex]\rm 10^1^2[/tex] pm

1.430 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^-^1^0}[/tex] m = 143 pm.

The radius of the atom of Al in the FCC structure has been 143 pm.

For more information about the FCC structure, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14934549

Answer:

The most common position for an double bond in an unsaturated fatty acid is delta 9 (Δ⁹)

Explanation:

Unsaturated fatty acids are carboxylic acids which contains one or more double bonds. The chain length as well as the number of double bonds is written separated by a colon. The positions of the double bonds are specified starting from the carboxyl carbon, numbered as 1, by superscript numbers following a delta (Δ). For example, an 18-carbon fatty acid containing a  single double bond between carbon number 9 and 10 is written as 18:1(Δ⁹).

In most monounsaturated fatty acids, the double bond is between C-9 and C-10 (Δ⁹), and the other double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids are generally Δ¹² and Δ¹⁵. This positioning is due to the nature of the biosynthesis of fatty acids. In the mammalian hepatocytes, double bonds are introduced easily into fatty acids at the Δ⁹ position, but cannot introduce additional double bonds between C-10 and the methyl-terminal end. However, plants are able to introduce these additional double bonds at the  Δ¹² and Δ¹⁵ positions.

Answer: 10 moles/kg.

Explanation:

Given, Mass of solute = 24.2 g

Molar mass of solute = 24.2 g/mol

[tex]\text{Moles of solute =}\dfrac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Molar mass of solute}}\\\\=\dfrac{24.2}{24.2}=1[/tex]

Mass of solvent = 100.0g = 0.1 kg  [1 g=0.001 kg]

[tex]\text{Molality}=\dfrac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{kilograms of Solvent}}\\\\=\dfrac{1}{0.1}\\\\=10\ moles/kg[/tex]

Hence, the molality of the resulting solution is 10 moles/kg.

Answer:

conductivity increasing order CH₃-CH₂-OH < HF< NaCl

Explanation:

NaCl is the better conductor comparing with remaining two. it is strong electrolyte. dissociation percent always nearly eqaul to 100% but HF is weaker acid than NaCl and dissociation percent <100% . So, the no of ions furnished by HF less than that of NaCl

CH₃-CH₂-OH organic compound . in general it is not treated as an electrolyte and it cannot carry any charge. If it  carries, it is very very less compared to remaining two

Answer:

D. Use x-ray radiation to see if there are any fractured bones.

Explanation:

The football player may have fractured a bone while he was practicing or playing, so it is best for the doctor to check if the player broke his bone or fractured it.

Answer:

62.12kJ/mol

Explanation:

The neutralization reaction of HCl and NaOH is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O + HEAT

You can find the released heat of the reaction and heat of neutralization (Released heat per mole of reaction) using the formula:

Q = C×m×ΔT

Where Q is heat, C specific heat of the solution (4.06J/gºC), m its mass and ΔT change in temperature (27.5ºC-20.0ºC = 7.5ºC).

The mass of the solution can be finded with the volume of the solution (50.0mL of HCl solution + 50.0mL of NaOH solution = 100.0mL) and its density (1.02g/mL), thus:

100.0mL × (1.02g / mL) = 102g of solution.

Replacing, heat produced in the reaction was:

Q = C×m×ΔT

Q = 4.06J/gºC×102g×7.5ºC

Q = 3106J = 3.106kJ of heat are released.

There are 50.0mL ×1M = 50.0mmoles = 0.0500 moles of HCl and NaOH that are reacting releasing 3.106kJ of heat. That means heat of neutralization is:

3.106kJ / 0.0500mol of reaction =

Answer:

A. None of these.  

Explanation:

A crystal structure is an arrangement of atoms or ions in a repeating three-dimensional array.

B. is wrong. Metal atoms, such as gold, arrange themselves into a crystal structure.

C. is wrong. Ionic solids, such as sodium chloride, arrange themselves into a crystal structure.

D. is wrong. Macromolecules (network solids), such as diamond, arrange themselves into a crystal structure.

The correct answer is None of these.  

Learn more about crystal structure here:-

https://brainly.com/question/23986315

#SPJ2

Answer:

53.85%

Explanation:

Data obtained from the question include:

Mass of antimony (Sb) = 27.6g

Mass of Fluorine (F) = 32.2g

Mass of compound = 59.8g

Percentage composition of fluorine (F) =..?

The percentage composition of fluorine can be obtained as follow:

Percentage composition of fluorine = mass of fluorine/mass of compound x 100

Percentage composition of fluorine = 32.2/59.8 x 100

= 53.85%

Therefore, the percentage composition of fluorine in the compound is 53.85%

Answer:

V2 = 0.998L

v2 = 0.000998mL

Explanation:

P1 = 392mmHg

V1 = 690mL

T1 = -15.1°C = 257.9k

P2 = 0.700atm = 532mmHg

V2 = ?

T2 = 233°C = 506K

using general gas equation

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

(392 x 690.0 x 10^-³)/257.9 =(532 x V2)/506

1.05=(532 x V2)/506

1.05 x 506 =(532 x V2)

531.3 =(532 x V2)

V2 = 531.3/532

V2 = 0.998L

v2 = 0.000998mL

Answer:

C. An electron at this electrode has a higher potential energy than it has at a standard hydrogen electrode.

Explanation:

The standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is used to measure the electrode potential of substances. The standard hydrogen electrode is arbitrarily assigned an electrode potential of zero. Recall that electrode potentials are always measured as reduction potentials in electrochemical systems.

For an electrode that has a negative electrode potential, electrons at this electrode have a higher potential energy compared to electrons at the standard hydrogen electrode. Electrons flow from this electrode to the hydrogen electrode.

On the other hand, a positive electrode potential implies that an electron at this electrode has a lower potential energy than it has at a standard hydrogen electrode. Hence electrons will flow from the standard hydrogen electrode to this electrode.

Answer:

Alkanes

Explanation:

Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only C-H and C-C single bonds. They're saturated compounds and they form a homologous series with the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, where n is the number of carbon atoms. Example of members in this group are

Methane = CH₄

Ethane = C₂H₆

Propane = C₃H₈

All alakane compounds ends with with the suffix "-ane" and this differentiate them during naming from other compounds.

Answer:

Acid, Horizontally, Drain off the acid by opening the stopcock

Explanation:

A buret is a calibrated glass appratus used to measure and deliver accurate volume of liquid, usually acids, in acid-base titrations.

Before usually the buret to carry out your titration reaction, it is advised to condition or prepare your buret for use.

To condition the buret, add a small volume of the acid to the buret and rotate the barrel horizontally to ensure that the liquid ( acid) makes contact with the inner surface of the barrel o the buret.

This procedure is done to wash off any previous acid or liquid that the buret had been used for in previous titrations.

Complete this action by opening the stopcock of the buret to drain off the acid and discarding each volume in a designated waste container.

Note that acids could be corrosive and dangerous to the skin and so should be handled with great care

Answer:

idk

Explanation:

idk cool pee bee mee nee hee gee fee kee

In a 784 gram pure sample of NC13, there are approximately 1.33 x 10²⁵ chlorine atoms.

To determine the number of chlorine (Cl) atoms in a given sample, we need to utilize the Avogadro's number and the molar mass of chlorine.

The molar mass of chlorine (Cl) is approximately 35.45 grams/mol. To calculate the number of moles in the sample, we divide the given mass by the molar mass:

Number of moles of Cl = Mass / Molar mass

Number of moles of Cl = 784 g / 35.45 g/mol

Number of moles of Cl ≈ 22.08 mol

According to Avogadro's number, there are 6.022 x 10²³ entities (atoms, molecules, or formula units) in 1 mole of a substance. Therefore, to find the number of chlorine atoms, we multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number:

Number of Cl atoms = Number of moles of Cl x Avogadro's number

Number of Cl atoms = 22.08 mol x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol

Number of Cl atoms ≈ 1.33 x 10²⁵ atoms

Therefore, in a 784 gram pure sample of NC13, there are approximately 1.33 x 10²⁵ chlorine atoms.

Learn more about gram pure from the link given below.

https://brainly.com/question/22372112

#SPJ2

The question is incomplete; the complete question is: Classify each molecule by whether its real bond angles are the same as or different than its model (ideal) bond angles. In other words, do the bond angles change when you switch between Real and Model mode at the top of the page? Same (angles do not change) Different (angles change) Answer Bank | H2O | CO2, SO2, XeF2, BF3 CIF3, NH3, CH4, SF4, XeF4, BrF5, PCI5,SF6

Answer:

Compounds whose real bond angle are the same as ideal bond angle;

SF6, BF3, CH4, PCI5

Compounds whose real bond angles differ from ideal bond angles;

H2O, CO2, SO2, XeF2, CIF3, NH3, SF4, XeF4, BrF5

Explanation:

According to the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), molecules adopt various shapes based on the number of electron pairs on the valence shell of the central atom of the molecule. The electron pairs usually orient themselves as far apart in space as possible leading to various observed bond angles.

The extent of repulsion of lone pairs is greater than that of bond pairs. Hence, the presence of lone pairs on the valence shell of the central atom in the molecule distorts the bond angles of molecules away from the ideal bond angles predicted on the basis of valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.

For instance, methane is a perfect tetrahedron having an ideal bond angle of 109°28'. Both methane and ammonia are based on a tetrahedron, however, the presence of a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen distorts the bond angle of ammonia to about 107°. The distortion of lone pairs in water is even more as the bond angles of water is about 104°.

Answer:

I WOULD ANSWER IT VERY SOON

Explanation: