A student that just received their driver’s license decides to buy a new car. He remembers from physics class that heat engines have a thermal efficiency that can be calculated. He asks the car dealer for a car that has a high thermal efficiency rating. The car dealer says he has a car that is 100% efficient.

Which law of thermodynamics best describes why the car cannot be 100% efficient?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that: "in all energy exchanges, if there is no energy entering or leaving the system, then it means the potential energy of that particular state will definitely be less than the potential energy it had at it's initial state."

Now, for a car to be 100% efficient, it means that there must be some form of heat transfer to the environment. However, this is a violation of the second law of thermodynamics and as such it can't be 100% efficient.

Answer 2

The law that  best describes why the car cannot be 100% efficient is the second law of thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics is the study of heat. Heat is a form of energy that exists as a result of temperature difference between bodies.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the conversion of energy  from one form to another is not 100% efficient. As such, the thermal efficiency of the engine can be calculated.

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Related Questions

Based on its position in the periodic table of the elements, how many valence electrons does phosphorus (atomic number 15) have?

Answers

Answer:

5 Valence electrons

Explanation:

Answer:

5 Valence electrons

Explanation:

Hope this will help

Robert hook used an early microscope to observed a cork sample. How did this help contribute to cell theory?

Answers

Answer:

Robert Hooke used an early microscope to observe a cork sample. How did this help contribute to cell theory? It helped to show that cells contain water. ... It helped to show that some cells are visible to the naked eye.

Explanation:

If your teacher checks if it was copied just put it in your on words

The frequency of the wave is 0.4 Hz. Calculate the period.

Answers

Answer:

use the formula

Explanation:

F = 1/T

where F = frequency and T = period

so put 0.4 Hz into the frequency

0.4 =1/T

T = 2.5 seconds

hope this helps

What is the netforce?

Answers

Answer:

6 Newtons to the left.

Explanation:

We can convert  this into a generic algebra equation by giving directions positive and negative values.

The 6 will be positive, and the 10 and 2 will be negative.

Add 10 and 2 to have 12.

6-12 = -6.

Therefore you have 6 newtons to the left (negative).

Take the force towards the right as positive (+6N) and towards the left as negative (-12N)
Add both as net force is the sum of all forces acting on an object
6N+(-12N)= -6N

A 2500-kg car is being pushed up a hill at an angle of 35 degrees. Determine the gravitational

force pulling down on the car if it is accelerating up the hill at a rate of 5 m/s/s.

Answers

Answer:

The force that pulls the car down is Wₓ = 14052.6 N and the one that pushes the car up is F = 26552.6 N

Explanation:

For this exercise we will use Newton's second law, let's set a reference system where the x axis is parallel to the plane, in the adjoint we can see the forces in the system.

           sin  35 = Wₓ / W

            cos 35 = W_y / W

            Wₓ = W sin 35

            W_y = W cos 35

            Wₓ = 2500 9.8 sin 35

             Wₓ = 14052.6 N

let's write the equations for each axis

and

Y axis  

       N-W_y = 0

       N = W_y

X axis  

       F -Wₓ = m a

       F = Wₓ + m a = mg sin 35 + m a

       F = m (a + g sin 35)

   

let's calculate

       F = 2500 (5 + 9.8 sin 35)

       F = 26552.6 N

The force that pulls the car down is Wₓ = 14052.6 N and the one that pushes the car up is F = 26552.6 N

A boat has a porthole window, of area 0.00849 m^2, 6.25 m below the surface. The density of sea water is 1027 kg/m^3. The air inside the boat is at 1 atm. What is the net force on the window?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]325.65\ \text{N}[/tex] outward.

Explanation:

[tex]\rho[/tex] = Density of water = [tex]1027\ \text{kg/m}^3[/tex]

g = Acceleration due to gravity = [tex]9.81\ \text{m/s}^2[/tex]

h = Height of the water = 6.25 m

A = Area of the window = [tex]0.00849\ \text{m}^2[/tex]

[tex]P_i[/tex] = Internal pressure of the boat = [tex]1\ \text{atm}=101325\ \text{Pa}[/tex]

Pressure by the water on the window

[tex]P=\rho gh\\\Rightarrow P=1027\times 9.81\times 6.25\\\Rightarrow P=62967.9375\ \text{Pa}[/tex]

Net pressure on the window

[tex]P_n=P-P_i=62967.9375-101325=-38357.0625\ \text{Pa}[/tex]

Force is given by

[tex]F=P_nA\\\Rightarrow F=-38357.0625\times 0.00849\\\Rightarrow F=-325.651460625\ \text{N}[/tex]

Net force on the window is [tex]325.65\ \text{N}[/tex] outward.

Answer: 534.6 N

Explanation:

This answer works for Acellus!

A boy on a bicycle drags a wagon full of newspapers at 0.800 m/s for 30.0 min using a

force of 40.0 N. How much work has the boy done?

Answers

Answer:

=57600joules

Explanation:

Given data

Velocity =0.8m/s

Time = 30*60=1800 seconds

Distance =Velocity x time

Distance =0.8*1800

Distance =1440m

Work done = force x distance

Work done =40*1440

Work done =57600joules

Hence the work Done is 57600joules

A 100 gram sample of 90 degree water causes the temperature of 100 grams of cold water to rise when the two are mixed. If the starting temperature of the cold water was 30 degrees, what will be the final temperature of the water?

Answers

The final temperature of the water : 60°C

Further explanation

Given

100 g water

t = 90 °C and 30 °C

Required

The final temperature

Solution

Q in = Q out

Q cold water = Q warm water

100 x 4.184 x (90-t)=100 x 4.184 x (t-30)

418.4(90-t)=418.4(t-30)

37656-418.4t=418.4t-12552

50208=836.8t

t = 60°C

Click through the images and select the model that best shows how J.J. Thomson envisioned the atom.

Answers

Answer:

The first one with the big plus in the middle and negatively charged electrons around.

Explanation:

The first image with the plus sign in the middle and negatively charged electrons around it shows how J.J. Thomson envisioned the atom.

J.J. Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom. This model suggested that atoms were composed of a positively charged "pudding" with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.

1. Thomson conducted experiments with cathode rays, which are streams of negatively charged particles emitted from cathodes in vacuum tubes. Through his experiments, Thomson discovered that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles, which he named electrons. Based on his observations, Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model, also known as the "raisin bread" model.

According to this model, atoms were made up of a positively charged substance, like a pudding, with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout it, like raisins in bread. Thomson suggested that the positive charge was evenly distributed throughout the atom, creating a uniform positive charge in the "pudding." This model was a significant departure from the previous understanding of the atom as an indivisible, homogeneous sphere.

Thomson's plum pudding model provided an early depiction of atomic structure, showing that atoms were not indivisible but composed of smaller subatomic particles. However, later experiments, particularly those conducted by Ernest Rutherford, led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus, which necessitated the revision of Thomson's model.

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A boat travels 90 m in 10 seconds, what is its speed?
90 m/s
9 mi/hr
9 m/s
900 m/s

Answers

Answer:

it is 9m/s , hope it helps

How much force must be applied to a 4 kg to get it to accelerate at 3
m/s^2?

Answers

Answer:

12 g i think

Explanation:

brainliest pls

A house of mass 500 kg is lifted 25 m by balloons.
Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy, Ep.
(g = 10 N/kg)

Enter your answer as a number - NO units

Answers

Gpe = mgh
Gpe = 500*10*25
Gpe = 125000J

A book is sitting on the dashboard of a car that is stopped at a traffic light as the car starts to move forward the book slides backward off the dashboard what does the book actually do

Answers

Answer:

The book remained in its state of rest before the car started to move forward as no direct force acted on it.

Explanation:

According to Newton's first law of motion, a body will continue in its present state of rest, or if it is in motion, will continue to move with uniform speed in a straight line unless aced upon by an external force. This tendency of a body to remain in its state of reset or uniform motion in a straight line is known as inertia and is directly proportional to the mass of the body. The more massive a body, the more inertia it possesses. Thus Newton's first law is also known as the law of inertia.

Considering the case of the book on the dashboard of a stationary car which suddenly starts to move. While the car is stopped at the traffic light, the dashboard where the book sits and the book are both at rest. When the car begins to move forward, the dashboard moves forward with it. However as the book is not a part of the car, no force is directly acting on it, so the book so it stays at rest due to its inertia.

Therefore, as the car is moving forward, the stationary book appears to move backward from the reference point of the car, sliding off the dashboard.

Suman with a mass of 45kg climbs in 3m heigh ladder in 10 seconds. Calculate her power. Plz help me​

Answers

Answer:

work done=fdcosø

f=mg=450N

d=+3m

ø=180

450×3×cos(180°) power=work done/

time taken

1350×-1 p=135watts

John slides down a hill at a 4 m height initially at rest. If all energy is conserved and friction is excluded, what is John's velocity at the bottom of the ramp?

Answers

The velocity at the bottom : v = 8.85 m/s

Further explanation

Given

height of the hill = 4 m

Required

The velocity at the bottom

Solution

The law of conservation energy :

ME₁=ME₂

(PE+KE)₁ = (PE+KE)₂

initially at rest⇒vo=0⇒KE₁=0

At the bottom⇒h=0⇒PE₂=0

So the equation becomes :

PE₁=KE₂

mgh=1/2.mv²

gh = 1/2v²

[tex]\tt v=\sqrt{2gh}[/tex]

v = √2x9.8x4

v = 8.85 m/s

Two identical conducting spheres are charged with a net charge of +5.0 q on the first sphere and a net charge of −8.0 q on the second sphere. The spheres are brought together, allowed to touch, and then separated. What is the net charge on each sphere now?

Answers

Answer:

The net charge on each sphere is -1.5 q

Explanation:

Conductors are materials that allow the electrons which are the carriers of the charges to move between them, and when two conductors come in contact, the available charge is shared by the two conductors and the resultant like charges will spread on the surface of the conductor due to the repellent effect between similar charges such that if the conductors are identical, the resultant charge becomes evenly shared by the conductors when they become separated again

The given parameters of the conducting spheres meant to touch are;

The net charge on the first sphere, Q₁ = +5.0 q

The net charge on the second sphere, Q₂ = -8.0 q

The net charge on each sphere after touching and then separated, 'Q', is given as follows;

[tex]Q = \dfrac{Q_1 + Q_2}{2}[/tex]

Therefore, by substituting the known values of the variables, we have;

[tex]Q = \dfrac{5 \ q+ (-8 \ q)}{2} = -\dfrac{3 \ q}{2} = -1.5 \ q[/tex]

The net charge on each sphere, Q = -1.5 q.

The net charge on each sphere after spheres are brought together, allowed to touch is -1.5 q

What is charge?

Conductors are materials that allow the electrons which are the carriers of the charges to move between them, and when two conductors come in contact, the available charge is shared by the two conductors and the resultant like charges will spread on the surface of the conductor due to the repellent effect between similar charges such that if the conductors are identical, the resultant charge becomes evenly shared by the conductors when they become separated again

The given parameters of the conducting spheres meant to touch are;

The net charge on the first sphere, Q₁ = +5.0 q

The net charge on the second sphere, Q₂ = -8.0 q

The net charge on each sphere after touching and then separated, 'Q', is given as follows;

[tex]Q=\dfrac{Q_1+Q_2}{2}[/tex]

Therefore, by substituting the known values of the variables, we have;

[tex]\dfrac{5q+(-8q)}{2}=-1.5q[/tex]

Hence the net charge on each sphere after spheres are brought together, allowed to touch is -1.5 q

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If you use the same force to push a motorcycle as you would push a bike which one would have more acceleration and why explain using Newton's second law

Answers

Answer:

The bike would have more acceleration

Explanation:

Accourding to newtons first law a force is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration (f=ma) therefore an object with a higher mass compared to an object with a lower mass would experience less acceleration.

Eg.

F=50N

Motorbike M=200kg

F=ma

50=200 x a

50/200=a

0.25m/s/s =a

Bike M=35kg

F=ma

50=35 x a

50/35= a

1.43m/s/s=a

Answer:

the bike

Explanation:

it has less mass than the motorcycle so so it would have more acceleration

Sometimes, a crackling sound is heard while taking off a sweater during winters. Explain

Answers

Answer:

it is somewhat frozen

Explanation:

PLS ANSWER FAST WILL GIVE BRAINLY TIMED TEST


use the equation solving a= F divided by M


Also use metres per second squared [m/s2]



A loaded coal wagon with a total mass of 20, 000 kg is pushed by a force of 300,000 N. What was the wagon's acceleration?

Answers

a=F/m
a=(3000000)/(20000)
a=15 m/s^2

Physicists often use a different unit of energy, the electron volt, when dealing with energies at the atomic level. One electron volt, abbreviated eV, is defined as the amount of kinetic energy gained by an electron upon accelerating through a 1.0 V potential difference.

a) what is 1.0 electron volt in joules?

b) what is the speed of a proton with 5000 eV of kinetic energy?

Answers

Answer:

a)  E = 1.06 10⁻¹⁹ J,     b)   v = 9.78 10⁵ m / s

Explanation:

The physical magnitudes can be given in several units, but in general all must be reduced to the same system in a given exercise, the most used system is the international (SI)

           1 eV =q V=  1.6 10⁻¹⁹ J

let's reduce the quantities requested

a) E = 1.0 eV to Joule

           E = 1.0 eV (1.6 10⁻¹⁹ J / 1 eV)

           E = 1.06 10⁻¹⁹ J

b) the kinetic energy is given by

           K = ½ m v²

           v = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2K}{m} }[/tex]

the mass of the proton is

          m = 1,673 10⁻²⁷ kg

let's reduce the energy to the SI system

           E = 5000 ev (1.6 10-19 J / 1 eV) = 8000 10⁻¹⁹ J

let's calculate

           v = [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{2 \ 8000 \ 10^{-19}}{1.673 \ 10^{-27} } }[/tex]

           v = [tex]\sqrt{ 95.637 \ 10^{10} }[/tex]

           v = 9.78 10⁵ m / s

According to Newton’s third law of motion, when a hammer strikes and exerts force on a nail, the nail...
A)creates a friction with the hammer
B) disappears into the wood
C) exerts an equal force back on the hammer
D) moves at a constant speed

Answers

Answer:

C) Exert an equal force back on the hammer

Explanation:

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

also just trust me.

Make me brainlist

If a man with
with long-sighted eye want to
a' text book, what shoðld be the distance between
book and the lens? Give reason​

Answers

Lots of factors play a role. Firstly if he is presbyopic he won't be able to read without specs at normal reading distances. Many years ago a chap by the name of Donders published a table which shows a linear relationship between age and ability to focus. The ready made reader market relies on his findings to suggest the power you need for reading at different ages. Secondly if he is far sighted (needing correction at distance to see clearly) it will also influence his ability to see close. For example +3.00D distance Rx at an age of 40 years will be very different than the same prescription at age 20 years due to his ability to accommodate. My suggestion is to have comprehensive eye exam to find out what you need at the specific working distance (computer or laptop or book reading all have different reading distances).

Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes. ribe the location and importance of cilia and mucus in the respiratory system.

Answers

Answer:

Smoking damages the respiratory system by irritating the trachea and larynx due to the toxic chemicals and by causing swelling and narrowing of the airways and excess mucus in the lung passages. Two conditions that can develop when a person smokes is breathlessness and reduced lung function.

Explanation:

Smoking causes damages to the respiratory system by narrowing the airways and filling an excess of mucus in the lungs. It is a bad habit that may cause emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Cigarettes contain more than 500 chemical substances in addition to nicotine, an addictive substance found in tobacco.

Cilia are hair-like projections localized in the airways that act to eliminate mucus and foreign (potentially harmful) matter.

The toxic compounds contained in cigarettes can paralyze the cilia in the airways and destroy them.

Smoking may produce:

The irritation and inflammation of the components of the respiratory system (e.g., trachea, larynx, lungs, etc)BreathlessnessExcess of mucous secretion in the lungs.Irreversible damage in the small air sacs of the lungs.

In consequence, smoking is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

In conclusion, smoking causes damages to the respiratory system by narrowing the airways and filling an excess of mucus in the lungs. It is a bad habit that may cause emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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2. A car with mass 2,500 kg is travelling at 15 m/s. What is the car's kinetic energy?
a. 37,500 J
b. 563,000 J
c. 280,000 J
d. 350,000 J

Answers

Answer:

c, 280,000J

Explanation:

You should use the equation KE (Kinetic Energy) = [tex]\frac{1}{2} mv^2[/tex]

m = 2500

v = 15

KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2} * 2500 * (15)^2\\[/tex]

KE = 281250 Joules.

This is consistent with the answer B, as all of the parameters given to you are rounded to 2 significant figures so naturally, the answer should also be rounded to 2 sig figs.

KE = 280,000 J

Please Help!! This is for my Science Assignment but I dont even know how to do the last part (d; Find frictional force)

Answers

Answer:

I known this much much except c and d. Hope this helps, thank you !!

A 5 Kg bowling ball is thrown at a stationary 1.6 Kg bowling pin at 5 m/s. If the final velocity of the ball is 2.5 m/s. The final velicoty of the bowling pin is _____m/s. ​

Answers

Answer: hope this helps

Explanation:

If the final velocity of the ball is 2.5 m/s, the final velocity of the bowling pin is 7.8125 m/s. ​

What is principle of conservation of momentum?

According to the principle of momentum conservation, momentum is only modified by the action of forces as they are outlined by Newton's equations of motion; momentum is never created nor destroyed inside a problem domain.

According to the principle of momentum conservation,  total momentum of an system remains conserved.

Total initial momentum = total final momentum

5 kg × 5 m/s + 1.6 kg × 0 m/s = 5 kg × 2.5 m/s + 1.6 kg × v

1.6 kg × v  = 5 kg × 5 m/s -  5 kg × 2.5 m/s

v = (5 kg /1.6 kg) (5 m/s - 2.5 m/s)

= 7.8125 m/s

Hence, If the final velocity of the ball is 2.5 m/s, the final velocity of the bowling pin is 7.8125 m/s. ​

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A bear scratches his claws on a big pine tree. Does the bear do work on the tree? why or why not?
(btw it has to do with physics) ITS NOT A GENERAL QUESTION.

Answers

Answer:

The bear is actually sharpening his claws. That's the only reason he scratches a tree with his claws

Explanation:

Determine the momentum of a system that consists of two objects. One object, m1, has a mass of 6 kg and a velocity of 13 m/s towards the east and a second object, m2, has a mass of 14 kg and a velocity of 7 m/s in that same direction.

Answers

Momentum = (mass) x (velocity)

Momentum m₁  =  (6 kg) x (13 m/s east)  =  78 kg-m/s east

Momentum m₂  =  (14 kg) x (7 m/s east)  =  98 kg-m/s east

Since they're both in exactly the same direction you can simply addum up to get their total momentum.  It's 176 kg-m/s east .

The  momentum of a system that consists of two objects should be 176 kg m/s on east hand side.

Calculation of the momentum:

Since we know that

Momentum = (mass) x (velocity)

So,

Momentum m₁  =  (6 kg) x (13 m/s east)  =  78 kg-m/s east

Momentum m₂  =  (14 kg) x (7 m/s east)  =  98 kg-m/s east

Since they are on same direction so the total momentum should be

= 78 + 98

= 176 kg-m/s east

hence, The  momentum of a system that consists of two objects should be 176 kg m/s on east hand side.

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Which form of electromagnetic radiation with a relatively high amount of energy is used to sanitize lab goggles?

Answers

Answer:

Gamma radiation.

Explanation:

Electromagnetic waves are waves produced with respect to the interaction of electric field and magnetic field. They can be arranged with respect to their increasing or decreasing wavelength to form a pattern called electromagnetic spectrum.

Gamma radiation can be used for sterilization purpose due to the fact that it has a relatively high amount of energy, and do not produce any characteristic radiation.

Complete play the table by writing the location orientation size and type of image formed by the lenses below.


Please help me guyss!! :(​

Answers

Answ

Explanation:

HOPE IT HELPS..

The image formed by the location of object is beyond 2F the image by convex lenses is between F and 2F and is inverted, smaller and and real image. If it is at 2F, the image is inverted with the same size and real.

What is a convex lens ?

A convex lens is a type of lens that is projected outwards and shows the real image of an object.  Whereas a concave lens is curved inwards and shows virtual image of objects.

The image formed at by the location of convex lenses beyond 2F is inverted, smaller and and real image. If it is at 2F, the image is inverted with the same size and real. If the lens is placed between F and 2F the image formed is beyond 2F and it will be inverted, enlarged and real.

If the object is at F , no image will be formed. If it at between F and the lens, then the image forms beyond 2 F which is upright, enlarged and virtual.

The object be at any position with respect to the focal length of lens, the image formed by a concave lens is between F and the lens and upright, small and virtual.

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