A protein has a molecular mass of 400 kDa when measured by gel filtration. When subjected to gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the protein gives three bands with molecular masses of 180, 160, and 60 kDa. When electrophoresis is carried out in the presence of SDS and b-mercaptoethanol, three bands are again formed, this time with molecular masses of 160, 90, and 60 kDa. Determine the subunit composition of the protein (how many and what sizes) and why you observe the different banding pattern under the two conditions.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

subunit composition

how many: 4 subunitswhat sizes: 160 kDa, 60 kDa, 90 kDa, and 90 kDa.

Explanation:

SDS is a detergent that denaturalizes the protein and sets a relation charge size, such as that the motion of the protein in the gel is proportional to its weight. However, the detergent can not disrupt disulfide bridges, so these bonds remain together. The bigger the protein is, the stronger interaction with the polyacrylamide gel there will be. The speed of displacement in the electromagnetic field is inversely proportional to the protein size.

 On the other hand, b-mercaptoethanol acts as a reductive agent, breaking disulfide bonds. This chemical produces a complete denaturalization resulting in the unfolded protein. If disulfide bridges kept two protein subunits together, the b-mercaptoethanol separates them.

So, the most important data we need to consider here is that SDS can not disrupt disulfide bridges, while b-mercaptoethanol can.

Available data:

A protein has a molecular mass of 400 kDaSDS → three bands with molecular masses of 180, 160, and 60 kDaSDS + b-mercaptoethanol → three bands with molecular masses of 160, 90, and 60 kDa

SDS

180 + 160 + 60 = 400 kDa

SDS + b-mercaptoethanol

160 + 90 + 60 = 310 kDa

The difference between them is 400 - 310 = 90 kDa, meaning that there is a subunit of 90 kDa that is not being detected by SDS alone.

From both measures ( SDS and SDS/b-mercaptoethanol) we can assume that subunits 160 kDa and 90kDa are the same. So the difference is in the left subunit ⇒ 180 and 90, respectively.

180 - 90 = 90 kDa

We can assume that the 180 kDa subunit is composed of two 90 kDa subunits joined by a disulfide bridge. SDS alone could not disrupt this bond, so it detected a unit of 180kDa. b-mercaptoethanol detected this bond and broke it, generating two 90 kDa units, which migrated together in the gel, so they were expressed as the same band.

This difference suggests that the protein is formed of 4 subunits. One of them is 160 kDa, another one is 90 kDa, and the last two subunits are 90 kDa each.


Related Questions

To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by Group of answer choices converting both starch and glycogen to fatty acids. removing one glucose at a time with a condensation reaction. hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose. hydrolyzing the starch to glucose and the glycogen to amino acids.

Answers

Answer:

Hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose

Explanation:

Starch and glycogen are both forms of carbohydrates called "polysaccharide" found in the foods we consume. Polysaccharide are polymers that constitutes several monomeric units called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the forms in which the body can absorb energy.

Hence, starch and glycogen as polysaccharides must first be hydrolysed (broken down) into a monosaccharide called GLUCOSE in order to obtain energy for the body.

How hard will this assignment be on the grading scale

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

No photo lol! Send a photo or link and I’ll try to see how hard it it!

Translation is the process during which A.mRNA is created in the nucleus B. Glucose molecules are made C. mRNA is decided to form a protein D. Lipids are synthesized ?

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

translation is the formation of amino acids

As animals have progressed from sponges through mammals, describe in detail 2 ways animals have become more complex?

Answers

Answer:

1: Developed Digits

2: Developed senses

Explanation:

Sponges, ctenophores, placozoans, and cnidarians have key evolutionary significance in that they bracket the time interval during which organized animal tissues were first assembled, fundamental cell types originated (e.g., neurons and myocytes), and developmental patterning mechanisms evolved.

The vast variety of different traits found in
humans results from
(1) intensive training and education
(2) sexual reproduction and mutations
(3) exercise and conditioning
(4) birth defects and recessive genes

Answers

1 is the answer to the kfienfornfodjekfineidnfoekjd if did d

A common source of acid rain is air pollution that contains sulfur. This creates sulfuric acid when it mixes with water vapor in the air. Sulfur air pollution is easy to identify because it has a rotten-egg odor. What are some sources of sulfur air pollution you have encountered?

Answers

Smog from factories and cars, and my brother after Mexican food

Question 4 (2 points)
Which system has atoms with the highest average kinetic energy?
room temperature
non of these
cold water
warm water

Answers

Answer:

warm water

Explanation:

Kinetic energy refers to the energy that possesses an object due to the motion of its molecules. Kinetic energy is positively associated with temperature. When heating water, water molecules gain kinetic energy and move faster than the molecules of cold water. In consequence, the temperature of an object can be considered as the average amount of kinetic energy that its molecules carry.

why is it important to keep the temperature and amount of water the same when testing the surface area. ​

Answers

Answer:

The temperature and the amount of water need to be kept the same so that the only variable that changes is surface area

Explanation:

Answer:

The temperature and the amount of water need to be kept the same so that the only variable that changes is surface area. If you allow the temperature and/or the amount of water to change too, you will not know which variable is causing the changes that you observe

Explanation:

edge sample

14 Which substance in green plants needs to absorb
sunlight during photosynthesis?
(1) chlorophyll
(3) oxygen
(2) cytoplasm
(4) water

Answers

Answer:

Answer choice #1

Explanation:

The chlorophyll in chloroplasts absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis in order to make food for the plant.

This scientist spent his/her early adult work recording folk songs in southwestern Virginia, but then went on to propose that gene expression changes influenced how cells developed.

a. Eric H. Davidson
b. Eric Carroll
c. Isabelle S. Peter
d. Jennifer Doudna

Answers

Answer:

a. Eric H. Davidson

Explanation:

Eric H. Davidson was a developmental biologist whose work helped to understand gene regulation networks in an evolutionary context, being a pioneer in understanding embryogenesis at the genome level. He especially studied sea urchin development, a model animal for developmental biology and genomics. He focused on the animal's nucleic acid properties through the process of hybridization (which has enabled us to understand molecular interactions during development as a whole system), shedding light on the molecular basis of sea urchin development. Eric H. Davidson also compiled the first list of 'fully sequenced' sea urchin genes, involving especially transcription factors, and their interactions with cis-regulatory sequences.

Answer:

a. Eric H. Davidson

Explanation:

Davidson, a developmental biologist, was a pioneer researcher and theorist of the gene regulatory networks that perform complex biological processes, such as the transformation of a single-celled egg into a complex organism. His work helped to reveal how the DNA sequences inherited in the genome are used to initiate and drive forward the sequence of steps that result in development.

How can a mutation result in a new trait (as seen with the Scottish Fold cats)?

Answers

Genetic variations can arise from gene variants

Variations in an organism's genome that modify the activity of genes or the function of proteins can give rise to new characteristics in that organism.

What are scottish fold cats?

Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism by genetic changes that change gene activity or protein function.

A domestic cat breed known as the Scottish Fold has a naturally occurring dominant gene mutation that affects cartilage throughout the body and causes the ears to "fold," bending forward and downward toward the front of the head, giving the cat what is frequently referred to as an "owl-like" appearance.

Learn more about genetic variation, here:

https://brainly.com/question/848479

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Which of the following is a problem that communities must solve in order to
protect the health of their members?

A. Production of wastes

B. Wasting of time

C. Need for recreation

D. Need for entertainment

Answers

A, production of wastes

SOMEONE PLEASE HELP MEE

Answers

Answer:

1, 2 and 4 i think

Explanation:

In what way does translation change form?

Answers

From a nucleic acid code to an amino acid code. Translation refers to the process by which proteins or polypeptide chains are synthesized. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain is determined by the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA is decoded into the codon sequence of mRNA
It can go up or down

Which is an example that shows evidence of evolution?
1- Gravity
2- Fossils
3-Sea floor spreading

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

the fossils are the evidence of evolution

Answer:

Fossils

Explanation:

Fossils:fossils are the traces or impressions of dead plants and animals preserved in the rocks.The study of fossils is the strongedt evidence to support evolution.Nowadays,the age of fossils can also be determined accurately by using carbon dating process.Studying fossils have revealed the organisms in past is different from the present days.It also shows gradual process from simple to complex forms as time passes.Thus the study of fossils support the study of evolution.

in what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar

Answers

Answer: The two processes are similar in that they both produce energy, albeit in two different forms. ... The win-win of the two processes is that they both provide each other with the necessary ingredients for the process to take place: glucose and oxygen for cellular respiration, carbon dioxide, and water for photosynthesis.

I hope this helps! Good luck with your future homework and exams! <3

Answer:

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar because they both produce energy and involved in exchange of gases.

Explanation:

Hope this work :)

What do aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration have in common?

Answers

Answer:

The similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, is that they both use glucose as the starting molecule. This is called the substrate. In addition, both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce ATP, however, aerobic respiration produces a lot more ATP compared to anaerobic respiration.

Hope i helped , have a nice day :)

Answer:

A

Explanation:

student set up an experiment using a Visking bag containing concentrated sugar solution. Visking tubing is permeable to water but not to sugar. Figure A, shows what the bag looked like at the start and figure B shows the bag after one hour.Explain why the bag has changed its shape after one hour. Use the term “water potential” in your explanation (2).​

Answers

Water moved inside the bag in response to the water potential causing a change in the size of the bag.

What is water potential?

The term term water potential refers to the energy required to transport a small amount of water across a boundary.

We must note that water potential is responsible for the movement of water into the bag resulting in its change of shape as shown. Water moved inside the bag in response to this potential.

Learn more about water potential: https://brainly.com/question/23855783?

The bag changed its shape because water moved from the side with a higher water potential to the bag interior, where there is a lower water potential.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the simple passive transport of water molecules that occurs when two dilutions of different concentrations -in this example, the interior of the Visking bag and water- are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

The membrane allows the pass of water but not solute (sugar). Hence, water can move from the most diluted side to the less diluted one. This is, from the side of the membrane with higher water potential, to the side with lower water potential.

Let us remember that the water potential is the potential energy in a mass of water. Among other factors, it depends on solute concentration,

Most diluted side ⇒  higher water potentialMost concentrated side ⇒ lower water potential

In the exposed example, water tends to go from the hypotonic solution (higher water potential) to the bag interior (lower water potential) and keeps doing so until concentrations are equal in the bag interior and exterior.

The bag has changed its shape because as water moved, the bag began to enlarge and became bigger-sized.

You can learn more about water potential at

https://brainly.com/question/23855783

Why is it important to know about poisonous plants?​

Answers

Answer:

Poisonous plants

Explanation:

we all know, that plants are almost everywhere, from your bedroom to the biggest places in the world, however some plants can be dangerous and poisonous which we have to avoid touching in all circumstances, it is highly significant to tell the difference between a normal living thing and a venomous living thing, to protect you health and other's health too.

What pattern of growth will a population with limited resources show?
Select one:
O a. density-independent
O b. logistic
O c. exponential
O d. density-dependent

Answers

Answer:

b. logistic

Explanation:

Logistic growth occurs when growth begins as exponential but then slows and flattens out (or becomes constant) at a certain point. The growth of a population is logistic because at the beginning all populations growths are exponential. This is because there are more than enough resources when a population is small. However, once a population reaches carrying capacity, which is the limit an environment can hold, resources begin to run out and the growth becomes slower and constant. Logistic growth is also known as an "S curve" because on a graph the growth resmbles an S.

Question 20 of 25
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
A: Photosynthesis produces water molecules, while cellular respiration splits water molecules apart
B: Cellular respiration is the process animals use to produce glucose, while photosynthesis is the process plants use to produce glucose C: Cellular respiration breaks down glucose, while photosynthesis produces glucose
D: Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy​

Answers

Answer:

Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. ... Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.

The random movement of molecules across a cell membrane, from the side of the membrane where the molecules are in high concentration to the side of the membrane where the molecules are in low concentration (that is, high-to-low movement), without the use of any extra energy source, is
called

Answers

Answer:

the answer for this is Osmosis.

Mark Brainliest please

In the process of diffusion, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until its concentration becomes equal throughout a space.

a hiatal hernia is a weakness in the ____muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity.​

Answers

it’s a weakness in the diaphragm muscle

8. Why does a virus require a living cell in order to reproduce?
O A virus does not contain organelles or cytoplasm.
O A virus does not contain a nucleic acid.
O A virus does not contain proteins or lipids.
O A virus does not contain genetic information.

Answers

Answer:

A virus doesn't contain genetic information

Calculate allele frequencies in 5th generation

Answers

Explanation:

Allele frequency refers to how common an allele is in a population. It is determined by counting how many times the allele appears in the population then dividing by the total number of copies of the gene.


The angle of Earth's tilt has changed throughout Earth's history and is still changing today. If Earth's tilt were to decrease
from 23.5° to 20.2°, which of the following changes do you expect would occur

Answers

Answer:

The world climate would drastically change.

Explanation:

First off, both poles would have rapid expansion, with the freezing of more water near the poles.Many species of trees and plants would die out in certain areas, since they tend to be in their ideal locations, so the change in climate will make the northern parts of many habitats destroyed.Deserts would expand and the average temperature would rise.Also, many animals would also die out, because of the change in their environments.Conifers would shift southward, causing many forests / parts of forests to turn into wastelands, causing the earth's oxygen production to decrease.

Answer:

Changes between seasons would be less drastic. (Is the right answer)

Explanation:

Person above is wrong

help please!! thank you

Answers

Answer:

I think stationary

Explanation:

the gravitational force and normal force cancel out and make it balanced aka stationary

Answer:

first and last box im 95%  sure

Explanation:

Why is it important to collect data within a range of similar time periods?

Answers

Answer: to make sure that your getting all the right information for your needs

Explanation:

It’s important so that in the future we can reflect and make changes that may improve our lives and well beings .

PLZZZ AWNSER QUICK I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO WHOEVER AWNSERS RIGHT

Answers

Answer:

im sorry ill answer just need a better picture I can barely tell wth it is :/

I think its a d c b sorry if I'm wrong its hard to see :/

Explanation:

please submit a better picture its very blurry

Name and describe the process which involves the iris controlling the amount of light entering the eye when a person is exposed to bright light​

Answers

Answer:

The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract to control the amount of light entering the eye, Fromer said. Ciliary muscles surround the lens.

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