A patient is 66 inches in height, weighing 200 lbs, and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm). the a1c is 7.1%. The best initial treatment is-
Diet, exercise, and metformin.
What is diabetes mellitus?
A series of conditions known as diabetes mellitus alter how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). The cells that make up the muscles and tissues' main source of energy is glucose. That serves as the primary source of energy of the brain.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes both are chronic diseases. Treatment options exist for diabetes-related conditions such gestational diabetes and prediabetes. When blood sugar levels are higher than usual, prediabetes begins to develop. However, a diagnosis of diabetes cannot be made only based on blood sugar levels. Additionally, if precautions are not taken, prediabetes could turn into diabetes. During pregnancy, gestational diabetes can develop. It can leave once the baby is born.
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which is an adverse effect of oral decongestants? which is an adverse effect of oral decongestants? orbital edema hypotension facial flushing hypertension
In addition to raising blood pressure and blood sugar levels, aggravating glaucoma or urinary disorders, raising the risk of seizures, and affecting cardiac diseases.
How do decongestants promote high blood pressure?Decongestants are the over-the-counter cold medications that raise the greatest red flags for hypertensive individuals. Decongestants ease nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels and minimising nasal edoema.
What adverse consequence of using decongestants is most typical?There could be symptoms including fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, anxiety, or dry mouth, nose, or throat. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if any of these side effects persist or worsen.
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a perimenopausal woman reports insomnia. which intervention(s) will the nurse suggest to the client? select all that apply.
Avoid drinking alcohol and caffeine in the evening because both are linked to disruptions of the regular sleep cycle. Before going to bed, consume a small protein and carbohydrate snack.
Which recommendation for a client's promotion of sleep would the nurse make?Establishing and maintaining a regular sleep and wake time for the client depending on their habits and needs are some of these sleep enhancement therapies and schedules. reducing daytime naps' length and frequency.
What is the suggested course of action for insomnia?It is typically advised that (CBT-I) be used as the first line of treatment for people with insomnia since it can help you manage or get rid of the negative thoughts and behaviors that keep you up at night. Usually, CBT-I is just as effective as or even better than sleep aids.
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a cystectomy is performed for a client with a diagnosis of bladder cancer, and a kock pouch is created for urinary diversion. in creating a discharge teaching plan for the client, the nurse would include which instruction in the plan?
Technique of catheterization. A continent's internal ileal reservoir is known as Kock's pouch. The tip of urethral catheters is advanced into the bladder's base as they are put into the urethra.
Dietary restrictions are not necessary. No external pouch is present. Antibiotics are not necessary until an infection is present, and they must be recommended by a medical professional. In all hospitals, bladder catheterization is a routine procedure. It can be carried out via suprapubic, urethral, and external procedures.
Catheterization of the urinary bladder is done for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The urinary catheter can be intermittent (short-term) or indwelling depending on dwell time (long-term). Based on the method of insertion, there are three different types of urinary catheters. External catheters attach to the pubic region in women or the external genitalia in males to collect urine. For the treatment of urinary incontinence, they are helpful. Suprapubic catheters are surgically placed into the bladder using this method. This article discusses urethral catheterization, which is most frequently carried out in ordinary clinical practise.
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a client with multiple pain-related injuries to the back, knees, and hips is admitted with acute liver failure. upon procuring a medication list, the nurse notes that the client is taking several over-the-counter medications that contain a preparation known to be the drug that most commonly causes liver failure. which drug is this?
Answer: Acetaminophen.
Explanation: The drug that is most commonly known to cause liver failure is acetaminophen, which is commonly found in over-the-counter pain medications such as Tylenol. Acetaminophen is a commonly used pain reliever and fever reducer, but it can cause liver failure when taken in high doses or when combined with alcohol.
If a client with multiple pain-related injuries to the back, knees, and hips is admitted with acute liver failure and is taking several over-the-counter medications that contain acetaminophen, it is possible that the acetaminophen could have contributed to their liver failure. In this situation, it is important for the nurse to carefully review the client's medication list and to monitor their liver function closely. The nurse may need to adjust the client's medications or provide liver-protective therapies to help prevent further liver damage.
after teaching the parents of a 6-year-old child about caring for a sprained wrist, which statement by the parents indicates the need for additional teaching?
If dorsal-radial pain with an inability to bear weight through an extended wrist (such as during a push-up) is present, the scapholunate ligament may be affected.
How long does a sprained wrist take to heal?Your wrist hurts because the ligaments connecting the bones there have been torn or stretched. While some wrist sprains require more time to recover, most do so in 2 to 10 weeks. If you're in more pain, your wrist sprain is probably more serious and will take longer to heal.
Can you move your wrist even when it is sprained?A wrist sprain might not completely prevent you from moving your wrist. Even though it can hurt, you can still accomplish it. That often means you have a sprain as opposed to a fractured bone. Additional signs of a wrist sprain include swelling and redness around the injured area of the wrist.
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the nurse is discussing end-of-life decisions with a client who has terminal cancer. which statements describe the client's options? (select all that apply.)
Openly talking about death with a dying person offers many advantages for them because the options are described.
Denial may signify many things depending on who is using it.A coping strategy is denial. If truth is too terrifying, overwhelming, or a danger to one's sense of control, your loved one may be in denial. It's possible that the person is terrified of hurting or of losing control of their body or thoughts.
What is the phase of accepting death?Acceptance is frequently understood as being prepared to begin the process of becoming ready to die. Sadness, rage, or confusion are common emotions among patients. They are feeling the hurt of losing something.
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based on marin's presenting complaints and findings from the pelvic and diagnostic examination, her probable diagnosis would be
Marin's probable diagnosis would be endometriosis based on her presenting concerns and findings from the pelvic and diagnostic examination.
Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of tissue resembling endometrium (the lining of the uterus) outside the uterus. It causes a chronic inflammatory reaction that may result in the formation of scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis) within the pelvis and other parts of the body.
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a client with a history of allergic rhinitis comes to the clinic for an evaluation. the client is prescribed triamcinolone. what will the nurse include when teaching the client about this drug?
Answer:
Be aware that some nasal burning and itching may occur.
Explanation:
In the synaptic cleft, three nursing students discussed what would have to be absent to prevent the action potential from moving from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane:
1) Debra suggested that Ca++ would have to be missing to prevent the action potential from moving from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane.
2) Larry stated that Ca++ would have to be missing because it is the neurotransmitter that takes the messages from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane.
3) Timothy thought that the secretory vesicles would have to be absent to prevent the action potential from moving from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane since it contains the neurotransmitter responsible for taking the message from one membrane to the next.
(HELP NEEDED ASAP. THANK U SO MUCH)
Synapses are the communication links between neurons. The synaptic cleft, which is a space between the presynaptic axon terminal and the postsynaptic dendrite that is created when an action potential contacts. Thus, option C is correct.
What pre-synaptic to the post-synaptic membrane?Timothy reasoned that since the secretory vesicles contain the neurotransmitter necessary for transferring the message from one membrane to the next.
They would have to be absent in order to stop the action potential from travelling from the pre-synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane.
Therefore, The presynaptic terminal, is where neurotransmitters are released from the neuron (often a spine).
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a client has been taking furosemide (lasix) and valsartan (diovan) for the past year. the hospital laboratory notifies the nurse that the client's serum potassium level is 6.2 meq/l. what is the nurse's best action at this time?
Renal failure may also be present in hyperkalemic (serum potassium increased) patients. If the client's serum creatinine level is more than 1.8 mg/dL, it should be examined.
What sort of work are nurses supposed to perform?Registered nurses (RNs) manage and perform medical treatment, inform the public about various health issues, and provide patients and their families with emotional support. The majority of registered nurses collaborate with doctors and other health care providers in a variety of situations.
Can a nurse perform the task?Several surgical post-operative therapeutic responsibilities are under their purview. In the case of obstetrics, pediatric surgery, or cardiac surgery, many surgical nursing professionals opt to concentrate in that specific field.
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A nurse is educating a woman with type 1 diabetes. Which statement made by the nurse is true regarding alcohol consumption?
A nurse is educating a woman with type 1 diabetes. One statement the nurse made about alcohol consumption was ''you shouldn't drink alcohol because you could have hypoglycemia without knowing it.''
What is diabetes?Diabetes is a condition in which the sugar content in the blood exceeds normal and tends to be high. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) occurs as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle which causes accumulation of sugar levels in the blood and is above the normal threshold which is chronic and long term.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by damage to the pancreas in producing insulin, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by the failure of the insulin itself.
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The most common type of hallucination, at least in adults who suffer from psychosis, is __________.
Hallucinations that are aural rather than visual are more common in schizophrenia.
What type of illusion precisely is this?Frequent hallucinations might include physical sensations like a crawling sensation on the skin or the movement of internal organs, as well as hearing sounds like music, footsteps, or doors or windows slamming. quiet is broken by the sound of a voice (the most common type of hallucination).
How can I know if I'm dreaming or experiencing hallucinations?If you hear sounds or hear voices that no one else hears, you could be having hallucinations. Look for absent objects, shapes, people, or lights. Feel something touching or moving you that isn't actually there, like bugs crawling on your skin or the movement of your internal organs.
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nutrition may contribute to all of the following except: a. life expectancy b. chronological age c. physiological age d. quality of life e. obesity
Chronological age would never be possible to be contributed by nutrition as it can't change it.
Chronological age is the amount of time that has passed from a person's birth to a given date. It is commonly quoted in years, months, weeks, days, etc.
Nutrition is defined as the process of taking in food and converting it into energy and other vital nutrients required for life. Nutrients are the kind of substances that provide the necessary energy and biomolecules for carrying out various body functions. All the organisms in the universe need nutrients for proper growth and functioning, but they show divergence in how they fulfil their demand. Some of the animals feed on inorganic compounds to meet their requirement of nutrients, while others utilize the complex compounds. The mode of nutrition changes from one species to another species.
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when providing care to a client, the nurse refers to the client's ethnic group. which aspects would the nurse include as pertaining to this concept? select all that apply.
The correct option are -shared beliefs or origin ,language ,religious beliefs.
How can ethnic groups be identified?
Ethnic membership is typically defined by ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such as religion, mythology, and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance.
What role does ethnicity play?
These people argue that ethnicity, as a scientific term, allows researchers to distinguish groups of people based on their ancestry, language, customs, religion, culture, or nationality without relying on physical characteristics that are central to the definition of race.
What are 5 examples of ethnicity?
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Full Question :When providing care to a client, the nurse refers to the client's ethnic group. Which aspects would the nurse include as pertaining to this concept? Select all that apply.
shared beliefs or origin
language
religious beliefs
skin color
eye shape
the nurse is reviewing the record of a client who has just been told that a pregnancy test is positive. based on her last normal menstrual period, she is 8 weeks' gestation. appropriate physical assessments are completed. which findings are anticipated to be present at this time? select all that apply.
Assess blood pressure and Check the urine for protein and Assess deep tendon reflexes.
What is called menstrual period?Periods, also known as menstruations, are regular vaginal bleeding that take place as part of a female's monthly cycle. Your body gets ready for pregnancy each month. The uterus, also called the womb, loses its lining if there is no pregnancy. The menstruation blood is made up of both blood and tissue from the uterus.
How long is a menstrual period?The first day of the menstrual period is the start of a woman's period. Women lose roughly 3 to 5 teaspoons of blood per period, according to Belfield, who estimates that periods span 2 to 7 days. Although some women flow more regularly than this, if having heavy periods is a problem, assistance is available.
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Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of
top-down processing
This example best illustrates Top-Down Processing.
Top-down processing is perceiving the world around us by drawing from what we already know in order to interpret new information (Gregory, 1970). Top-down theories are hypotheses-driven and stress the importance of higher mental processes such as expectations, beliefs, values, and social influences.
Throughout our lifetime we construct schemas, which consist of past experiences, prior knowledge, emotions, and expectations, and then use these schemas to form hypotheses upon the arrival of new information.
Gregory’s theory argues that because of the ceaseless stream of stimuli that we are required to process every day, equally attending to each sensation would be entirely too demanding and overwhelm us as individuals.
In other words, the use of our senses to perceive incoming information is not enough and the use of prior knowledge and experiences is necessary in order to hypothesize the meanings of new information.
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a 38-year-old client has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and is being assessed for disorders of the immune system. the client works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with aids. which is the most important factor related to the client's assessment?
Her use of drugs is the most important factor related to the client's assessment.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A chronic inflammatory condition, rheumatoid arthritis can harm more than just your joints. Skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels are just a few of the physiological systems that the illness might harm in some people.Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune illness that develops when your immune system unintentionally targets the tissues in your own body.Rheumatoid arthritis damages the lining of your joints, resulting in a painful swelling that may eventually lead to bone erosion and joint deformity, unlike osteoarthritis, which causes damage from wear and strain.Rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation is what causes harm to other bodily parts as well. A severe case of rheumatoid arthritis can still result in physical limitations, despite the fact that new pharmaceutical kinds have significantly improved treatment possibilities.Rheumatoid arthritis signs and symptoms may include:
Bruised, heated, and tender jointsUsually worse in the mornings and after inactivity, joint stiffnessfatigue, fever, and appetite lossHence, Her use of drugs is the most important factor related to the client's assessment.
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I understand that the question is A 38-year-old female patient has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. She is also being assessed for disorders of the immune system. She works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS. Which of the following is the most important factor related to the patient's assessment?
a) Her age
b) Her home environment
c) Her diet
d) Her use of other drugs
the parents of a 16-year-old boy who plays football want their child to receive growth hormone to improve muscle strength. what will the nurse tell the parents?
In conclusion, giving hGH to SGA kids improves their growth rate and has long-term impacts on their mass of muscle and fat tissue.
Does growth hormone help you become stronger?In healthy older individuals, human growth hormone appears to be able to increase muscle mass and decrease body fat, but the increased muscle mass does not necessarily transfer into an increase in strength. If human growth hormone has further advantages for healthy adults, it is unclear.
What hormone enhances muscular power?If a sufficient stimulus is available, anabolic hormones like as testosterone and the superfamily of growth hormones (GH) have been demonstrated to increase throughout 15 to 30 minutes of post-resistance exercise.
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an elderly client is diagnosed with cancer. while reviewing age-related changes in the immune system, what does the nurse identify as having contributed to this client's condition?
Changes in the immune system, which governs a person's body's defense mechanisms, may make cancer patients more susceptible to infection.
What kind of immune system alteration is frequently associated with aging?What two immune system modifications are frequently observed with aging? In addition to the lymphatic and blood vessels in the arms and legs stiffening, the thymus gland decreases.
How does aging affect the immune system quizlet?Age affects the immune system's capacity to distinguish between foreign invaders and healthy tissues. 2. As people age, their immune systems lose their ability to protect them from external invaders, which causes harmful alterations.
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the nurse is monitoring an infant who was born at 0515 hrs. at 1315 hrs, the same day, the nurse determines the infant is starting to show yellowish staining on the head and face. which action should the lpn prioritize?
Report to the RN and document. Jaundice that manifests during the first 24 hours may be an indication that there is too much bilirubin in the blood, which is now leaking into the tissues.
What sort of work are nurses tasked with?Registered nurses (RNs) deliver and organize medical treatment, inform the public about various health issues, and offer emotional support and guidance to patients and their families. The majority of registered nurses collaborate in teams with physicians and other medical specialists in a variety of settings.
Will a nurse be capable of performing?They are responsible for a variety of surgical post-operative therapeutic duties. Many surgical nursing professionals decide to specialize in one particular field, such obstetrics, pediatric surgery, or heart surgery.
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a nurse is caring for a newborn client diagnosed with spina bifida. which assessment finding would be a priority for the nurse who is monitoring for the risk of hydrocephalus
The most crucial diagnostic method for spotting potential hydrocephalus involves measuring head circumference, which is an essential component of daily care.
Which of these three factors produces hydrocephalus?Bleeding inside the brain, such as if blood pours over the surface of the brain, is one of the potential causes of acquired hydrocephalus subarachnoid haemorrhage cerebral blood clots (venous thrombosis) The meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord, can become infected.
Adult hydrocephalus: What causes it?A subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage in the brain's CSF, head trauma, an infection, a tumor, or a postoperative complication can all cause normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). But even without any of these conditions, many people have NPH.
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a low-sodium, low-protein diet is prescribed for a 45-year-old client with renal insufficiency and hypertension, who gained 3 pounds in the last month. the nurse determines that the client has been noncompliant with the diet, based on which report from the 24-hour dietary recall? (select all that apply.)
Snack of potato chips, and diet soda.
Lunch of tuna fish sandwich, carrot sticks, fresh fruit, and coffee.
Breakfast of eggs, bacon, toast, and coffee.
Bedtime snack of crackers and milk.
What is hypertension?
A condition when the blood exerts too much pressure on the arterial walls.
Blood pressure beyond 140/90 is typically regarded as hypertension; blood pressure above 180/120 is regarded as severe hypertension. consume insufficient amounts of fruit and vegetables and too much salt. do not exercise enough. excessive alcohol or coffee use, or smoking Early morning headaches, nosebleeds, abnormal heart rhythms, eyesight abnormalities, and ear buzzing are just a few of the symptoms that can appear. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, bewilderment, anxiety, chest pain, and trembling of the muscles are all symptoms of severe hypertension. The heart must work harder to pump blood to the body's other organs because of high blood pressure. The lower left heart chamber becomes thicker as a result.
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the nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. the nurse plans care, knowing that which is the most appropriate activity for this child?
Crayons and coloring books can be given to the child.
Activities to make a child involve:
Children naturally engage in play and recreation, which are essential to their healthy development. Through play and recreational activities, children are able to learn, master experiences, express themselves, manage anxiety, create, achieve, and build abilities.Children learn to adjust to the hospital experience through play as well. Children can explore, express, and process their healthcare experiences through play and leisure in a secure, non-threatening setting, which can be helpful.Children engage in medical play, a therapeutic activity that is frequently employed, where they use medical themes and objects in their play. Adults can gain insight into children's emotions, worries, concerns, and misconceptions by watching them play and engage in recreational activities. This knowledge is essential for assisting kids in coping with their healthcare experiences.Hence all about recreational activities during hospitalization
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the nurse is attempting to provide a safe environment for a patient at great risk for self-harm. which intervention shows an understanding of evidence-based practice (ebp)
Through outcome evaluations, the effectiveness of treatments referred to as evidence-based interventions (EBI) has been demonstrated to some extent.
What does evidence-based practice in drug misuse mean?Evidence-based practices are treatment and preventative strategies for substance misuse and mental illness that have been proven to work through research. The following list includes some of the most popular Evidence-Based Practices in addiction treatment: Interviewing for motivation. Therapy using cognitive behavior.
What exactly is an evidence-based approach?"Therapists are said to perform evidence-based therapy when they employ interventions supported by scientific research. Evidence-based treatments are ones that are used when the effectiveness of the treatments is supported by scientific research.
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when assessing a client with wrist restraints, the nurse observes that the fingers on the right hand are blue. what action should the nurse implement first?
following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. failure of this heart valve would have which hemodynamic consequences?
The consequence would be backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
A heart valve is a one-way valve that only permits blood to flow in the one direction via the corresponding heart chambers. The valves have an opening and closing flap-like structure.
There are four different types of valves found in the human heart, depending on whether a flap is present.
The mitral valve, which resembles two flaps on either side, is a valve that sits between the left atrium and left ventricle. It is sometimes referred to as the bicuspid valve since it has two flaps. Only when oxygenated blood coming from the lungs fills the top chamber does this valve open. The heart valve's main function is to stop blood from flowing backward.
A condition known as mitral valve regurgitation results from the blood flowing back into the left atrium when the mitral valve isn't functioning properly. The oxygenated blood does not sufficiently reach the entire body because of the back-flow.
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which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a client with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) about self-management?
"HIV can be passed on to anyone who comes into touch with contaminated blood."
How to Avoid HIV?HIV medication can help to reduce the level of HIV in the blood (called viral load). HIV medication can reduce the viral load to such a low level that a test cannot detect it (called an undetectable viral load). HIV patients who maintain an undetectable viral load (or are virally suppressed) can live long and healthy lives. The presence of less than 200 copies of HIV per milliliter of blood is considered viral suppression. If a person's viral load is undetectable, they will not transmit HIV to their partner through intercourse. In addition, having an undetectable viral load precludes transmission to others via sharing needles, syringes, or other injection equipment, as well as transmission from mother-to-child during pregnancy, birth, and breastfeeding. Most people can control the infection within six months.
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Psychopathology includes illnesses or disorders that involve ______________ symptoms.
Answer:
psychological or psychiatric
Explanation:
when categorizing victims of hypothermia as having mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia, which assessment findings will help the nurse identify the clients with moderate hypothermia? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Hypovolemia and Respiratory acidosis. Systemic hypoperfusion and a significant reduction in the effective blood volume are the causes of hypovolemic shock in hypothermia.
Hypovolemic shock can cause ischemia harm to key organs, which can result in multi-system organ failure and death if ignored. The initial stage in management is to rule out any more shocks, since this will determine the course of action. Hypovolemic shock may result from fluid loss in the entire body rather than haemorrhage. Once the cause of hypothermia has been identified, it is important to restore lost blood or fluids as quickly as possible to reduce tissue ischemia. The kind and pace of fluid replacement are factors to take into account while replenishing fluid or blood volume loss. This exercise examines the pathophysiology, appearance, and causes of shock while highlighting the need of the interprofessional team in managing it.
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you respond to a 38 year old man who fell while rock climbing. he is unconsicous with an open airway. the respiration and pulse rates are within normal limits. his distal pulses are intact. you check his pupils and find that they are unequal. you know this could be a sign of
You know this could be a sign of increased intracranial pressure
What is intracranial pressure ?Pressure inside your skull can increase due to a brain injury or another medical condition. The risky condition known as increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause headaches. Your brain or spinal cord could also get worse from the pressure.
A chronic subdural haematoma, a blood clot on the surface of the brain, is one of the causes of chronic intracranial hypertension. an astrocytoma. an infection like meningitis or encephalitis that affects your brain. Your brain can become swollen inside and out due to hydrocephalus.
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