A microbe is ejected from its home planet by a violent event such as a volcanic eruption or a meteorite impact. The subsequent fate of the microbe depends on the balance of the two main forces that act on it, namely, the gravitational attraction of the star around which the planet orbits and radiation pressure due to the luminosity of the star.

Required:
Model the microbe as a dark sphere of radius a at a distance r from the star. Assume that the total power radiated by the star P = 1.0 x 1031 J/s (greater than that of the sun by a factor of 30,000). Derive an expression for the radiation force on the microbe. Give your answer in terms of p, r,c and a.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

  [tex]F = P_r (\frac{a}{4r})^2[/tex]

Explanation:

The radiation pressure for a total absorption of the incident light is

         P = S / c

Where S is the pointing vector, which is defined as the energy flux per unit area

         S = I = P_r / A

where P_r  powre irradiate by star, A is the area over which the energy emitted by the star is distributed, which is the surface of a sphere

         A = 4π r²

substituting

         S =[tex]\frac{P_r}{4 \pi r^2 }[/tex]

Pressure is defined by

         P = F / A₂

Where A₂ is the area over which the force is applied, in this case the area of ​​the microbe

          A₂ = π a²

         P = F / π a²

 

we substitute

      [tex]\frac{F}{\pi a^2} = \frac{P_r}{ 4 \pi r^2}[/tex]

       [tex]F = P_r (\frac{a}{4r})^2[/tex]


Related Questions

Every household has at least one refrigerator, many hotels have ice makers. you may have wondered how much heat energy a refrigerator / ice maker takes
from water to make ice. Compute the amount of energy an
ice maker extracts from 200g of water at 34°c to manufacture ice at 0°c.​

Answers

That sounds so hot sheashh

Answer:

1.heading

2.photo

3.boldface text

4.caption

5.bulleted list

Explanation:

you welcome

A gyroscope consists of a rotating disk with a 25 cm radius suitably mounted at the midpoint of a 20 cm long axle so that it can spin and precess freely. One end is supported by a stand. The disk spins at 2000 rpm. The mass of the disk is 2 kg, and the axle can be taken as massless.

Required:
a. Draw the gyroscope, indicating the direction of the initial angular speed and the initial angular momentum. Choose a direction for the spin of the disk.
b. Draw the torque due to gravity about the support point.
c. What direction will your gyroscope precess once you release it?
d. Find the time required for one precession of the gyroscope if it is supported at one end of the axle and it precesses in the horizontal plane.

Answers

Answer:

A)  attached below

B) attached below

C) Anti-clockwise

D) 3.27 secs

Explanation:

A) Diagram of the gyroscope indicating direction of

attached below

B) Diagram of torque due to gravity about support point

Attached below

C) The direction the gyroscope will precess is ANTICLOCKWISE

D) Time required for one precession of the gyroscope

 use the relation below

MgL = ΔIw / Δt  

∴ Δt = ΔIw / MgL

       =( 1/2 * 2 * 0.25^2 * 2π * 2000 ) / ( 2 * 10 * 0.2 * 60 )

       = 3.27 secs

Suppose that we use a heater to boil liquid nitrogen (N2 molecules). 4480 J of heat turns 20 g of liquid nitrogen into gas. Note that the latent heat is equal to the change in enthalpy, and that liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K. The system is kept at a constant pressure of 1 atm. Assuming that you can treat the gas as ideal gas and that the volume of the liquid is approximately zero, compute the binding energy of a nitrogen molecule in the liquid. (the binding energy is the difference in internal energy per molecule between the liquid and gas)

a. 4.2e^-18 J
b. 9.4e^-21 J
c. 4.8e^ 24 J
d. 2.1e^-19 J
e. 1.3e^-23 J

Answers

Suppose that we use a future boil liquid nitrogen

A physics professor demonstrates the Doppler effect by tying a 900 Hz sound generator to a 1.0- m -long rope and whirling it around her head in a horizontal circle at 100 rpm .
1. What is the difference between the highest frequency heard by a student in the classroom and the initial frequency of the sound generator?
2. What is the difference between the lowest frequency heard by a student in the classroom and the initial frequency of the sound generator?

Answers

Hi how was your day today person

PLEASE HELP ME ASAP!!!!

Answers

Answer:

otinni oSame lage ta dili pud ko ka comment sa live Ni madamstin

Answer:

it can be used to locate underwater objects

a shopping bag can provide an upward force of 65N before breaking. A shopper puts 5 kg of groceries in the bag. If the shopper tries to lift the bag with an upward acceleration of 2 m/s/s, will the bag break?

Answers

Answer:

Since Force is Mass * Acceleration, the equation would be:

5kg * 2m^2 = 10N

(10N is less than 65N)

Therefore, it would not be enough force for the bag to break.

how many universes out there?​

Answers

Answer:

onlu 1 universe

Explanation:

only one but there are theories that there are more

Explain the geometrical meaning of vertor Product of
two vectors

Answers

Answer:

Explained below

Explanation:

For the geometric meaning, I've attached a parallelogram showing two vectors a and B and also the angle between them as θ.

We can see that the two vectors are adjacent to each other.

So the magnitude of the product of the two vectors is simply the area of the parallelogram which is base x height. Thus;

Magnitude = |a| sin θ × |b|

This can be rewritten as;

|a|•|b| sin θ

What is the frequency of a 5 m wave traveling at the speed of 200 m/s

Answers

Explanation:

f=v/wavelength

=200/5

=40Hz

How far an object moves from a reference point is known as
type your answer...

Answers

Answer:

distance

hope it helps

Explanation:

-

explain the reason why water wet glass why Mercury does not​

Answers

Answer:

Mercury does not wet the glass because the cohesive force with the drops is stronger than the adhesive force between the drops and glass.

...https://www.toppr.com › ask › en-us › question › merc..

Explanation:

Suppose that a car weighing 4000 pounds is supported by four shock absorbers Each shock absorber has a spring constant of 6500 lbs/foot, so the effective spring constant for the system of 4 shock absorbers is 26000 lbs/foot. Assume no damping and determine the period of oscillation of the vertical motion of the car.

Required:
a. Assume no damping and determine the period of oscillation of the vertical motion of the car.
b. After 10 seconds the car body is 1/3 foot above its equilibrium position and at the high point in its cycle. What were the initial conditions?

Answers

Answer:

0.43622 seconds

0.9158 foot

-4.43 ffot/sec

Explanation:

we first find the period of oscillation

= 2π√w/gk

= 2π√4000/32x2600

= 2π√0.00481

= 2π0.0694

= 0.43622

b. we find the angular velocity

2π/T

= 2π/0.43622

= 14.41 rad/sec

we find displacement

rom the calculation in the attachment

Ф = -144.1

initial condition

1*cos(-144.1 rad)

= 0.9158 foot

initial velocity of the car

= (-1)(14.41)sin(ω(0)-144.1)

= -4.44 foot/sec

A 20" round duct is 275' in length. The duct is carrying 2,900 CFM at a friction loss of 0.12 inches WG per 100 feet.

What is the total friction loss through the duct?

Answers

50500000 FACTION : uo/80

The nuclear reactions inside a star, such as our
sun, convert hydrogen into helium by means of a
process
known as?

Answers

Answer:

fusion

Explanation:

The nuclear reactions inside convert hydrogen into helium by means of a process known as fusion. It is this nuclear reaction that gives a star its energy. Fusion takes place when the nuclei of hydrogen atoms with one proton each fuse together to form helium atoms with two protons.

what do you mean by wave
optics​

Answers

Answer:

hope it helps.

stay safe healthy and happy.
In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid.

Which statement is true about the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can detect?

It contains ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light.

It is divided into nine ranges of wavelengths.

It is divided into seven ranges of wavelengths.

It contains only the colors of the rainbow and television waves.

Answers

Answer:

A. it contains ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light

Answer:

It is divided into seven ranges of wavelengths

Explanation:

i took the test

State the role of an electromotive force (EFF) in a current flow

Answers

Answer:

The emf source acts as a charge pump, moving negative charges from the positive terminal to the negative terminal to maintain the potential difference. This increases the potential energy of the charges and, therefore, the electric potential of the charges.

Explanation:

MARK AS BRAINLEST!!

Drag and drop a term to match these examples with the correct level of organization.

Tissue:

Organ:

Organ system:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A-cardiac muscle

B-circulatory system

C-heart

D-human body

Answers

Answer:

Tissue: cardiac muscle

Organ: Heart

Organ System: Human Body, Circulatory System

Explanation:

The cardiac muscle makes up an organ, making it a tissue

The Heart makes up a organ system, making it an organ

Both the human Body and The Circulatory System make up an organism, making them organisms

An object is placed of 20cm from a concave mirror whose focal length is 10cm. what is the distance of image formed ?​

Answers

Answer:

Answer 43cm

Explenation:

if you divide it to 4 it will convert to 43 so answer is 43cm if this wrong im sorry but mine is perfect thankss :)

I want the answer and that’s all

Answers

Answer:

Cuboid?

Explanation:

A neutral metal can is mounted on a foam stand. A positively

charged balloon is brought near. The can is touched on the

opposite side.

Answers

Answer:

Negative

Positive

Explanation:

When a positive charge balloon is brought near the neutral metal can, the positive charge in the ballon, delocalization and arrangement of like charges occurs. The positive charge then flow to the an end while the negative charges flows to the other end.

Thus, after being touched, the charge on the can is negative.

And, If not touched, the charge on the ballon remains positive.

After being touched, the charge on the can is negative and the charge on the balloon is positive.

What is charging by friction?

When the two materials are rubbed each other, then the electric charged generated between them.

This charging of materials due to the rubbing or two materials against each other, is called the charging by friction.

This force of attraction or repulsion is identified by the sign of the particular charge. According to the property of interacting charges-

Like charges-For the like charges, when two charges same charges (positive-positive or negative -negative) interact to each other, then the charges repel each other.Unlike charges-For the unlike charges, when two charges interact to each other, then the charges attract each other.

Here, the neutral metal can is mounted on a foam stand. A positively charged balloon is brought near. The can is touched on the opposite side.

The positive charge on the balloon, make it to lose the electron. By this, the balloon become positively charged.

The atom on the opposite side have an excess of electron. Thus, the can become negatively charged.

Hence, after being touched, the charge on the can is negative and the charge on the balloon is positive.

Learn more about the charging by friction here;

https://brainly.com/question/8418256

Light of wavelength 633 nm from a He-Ne laser passes through a circular aperture and is observed on a screen 4.0 m behind the aperture. The diameter of the central bright area is 5.4 cm. What is the diameter of the aperture?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "[tex]1.144 \times 10^{-4} \ m[/tex]".

Explanation:

[tex]w=\frac{2.44 \lambda L}{D}\\\\D=\frac{2.44 \lambda L}{w}\\\\[/tex]

   [tex]=\frac{2.44 \times 633 \times 10^{-9}\times 4 }{0.054}\\\\=\frac{6178.08\times 10^{-9}}{0.054}\\\\=1.144 \times 10^{-4} \ m[/tex]

leafy greens are considered the healthiest vegetable because of their ___ nutrients profile

Answers

Dense because food do be dense tho

A force of 20 N acts on a smaller piston of a hydraulic press with an area of ​​10 dm2. How much force does the liquid act on a larger piston of 120 cm2?​

Answers

Answer:

166.67 N

Explanation:

Applying Pascal's principle,

Presure in the smaller piston(P') = Pressure in the bigger piston(P)

But,

Pressure = Force/Area

Pressure in the smaller piston(P') = Force applied to the smaller piston(F')/Area of the smaller piston(A')

Pressure in the bigger piston(P) =  Force applied to the bigger piston(F)/Area of the bigger piston(A)

F'/A' = F/A.................. Equation 1

Make F the subject of the equation

F = F'A/A'.............. Equation 2

From the question,

Given: F' = 20 N, A = 120 cm², A' = 10 dm² = (10×100) = 1000 cm²

Substitute these values into equation 2

F = 20(1000)/120

F = 166.67 N

A hammer taps on the end of a 5.0-mm-long metal bar at room temperature. A microphone at the other end of the bar picks up two pulses of sound, one that travels through the metal and one that travels through the air. The pulses are separated in time by 9.00 ms.

Required:
What is the speed of sound in this metal?

Answers

Answer:

896.5 m/s

Explanation:

Given that :

Length of metal bar, λ= 5 m

Velocity in air, v = 343 m/s

Change in air frequency : = λ / v

f = 5 / 343 = 0.0145772 s = 14.5772 ms

Seperation time = 9ms

Change in time, t = 14.5772 - 9 = 5.5772 ms

Recall :

Velocity = Distance / time

V = 5m / 5.5772 * 10^-3 s

V = 896.50720 m/s

Velocity = 896.5 m/s

Blackbody radition is white give reasons.?​

Answers

Answer:An object that absorbs ALL radiation falling on it, at all wavelengths, is called a blackbody. When a blackbody is at a uniform temperature, its emission has a characteristic frequency distribution that depends on the temperature. ... As its temperature increases further it becomes yellow, white, and ultimately blue-white

Explanation:

A student must determine how the mass of a block affects the period of oscillation when the block is attached to a vertical spring. The value of the spring constant is known. The student writes the following experimental procedure.

1. Use an electronic balance to measure the mass of the block.
2. Attach the block to the vertical spring.
3. Displace the block from the system's equilibrium position to a new vertical position.
4. Release the block from rest.
5. Use a meterstick to measure the vertical displacement of the center of mass of the block from the system's equilibrium position to its maximum vertical position above the equilibrium position.
6. Use a stopwatch to measure the time it takes for the system to make ten complete oscillations.
7. Repeat the experiment for different vertical displacements and block masses.

Which of the following steps of the procedure should the student revise to make the determination? Justify your selection.

a. Step 3, because the student must specify whether the new vertical position should be above or below the system's equilibrium position.
b. Step 5, because the meterstick should be used to measure total displacement of the system from its lowest vertical position to its highest vertical position.
c. Step 6, because the stopwatch should be used only to measure the time it takes for the system to make 1 complete oscillation.
d. Step 7, because the experiment should not be repeated for different vertical displacements and block masses.

Answers

Answer:

the step that the student should change is step 7

Explanation:

The movement of the spring with block is a simple harmonic type movement, so the procedure proposed by the student is correct, but we must take some care.

Step 3 is important since each movement will be started with similar conditions, also if any displacement is very large we can get out of the linear approximation of Hooke's law, for which we need to know the equilibrium point, since from this point displacements will be measured.

Step 6 should be changed to measure various oscillations to find the average period and thus decrease the error in the time reading.

Step 7 is wrong since the objective of the experiment is to analyze the effect of different masses in the period of oscillation and this step prevents this objective from being carried out.

In conclusion, the step that the student should change is step 7

The step that should be revised to make the determination is c. Step 6, because the stopwatch should be used only to measure the time it takes for the system to make 1 complete oscillation.

Why should step 6 be revised?

The student is trying to find the effect of the mass of the block on the period of oscillation in different vertical displacements.

The best way to do this is to measure the time taken per oscillation as this would show a much clearer picture to find the effect of the mass on the oscillation. Timing 10 oscillations will yield incorrect results.

In conclusion, option C is correct.

Find out more on measuring the effect of mass on oscillation at https://brainly.com/question/14745507.

What is the purpose of a tuner in a radio?

Answers

Answer:

A tuner is a subsystem that receives radio frequency (RF) transmissions and converts the selected carrier frequency and its associated bandwidth into a fixed frequency that is suitable for further processing, usually because a lower frequency is used on the output.

hope it helps ya mate.

Answer:

The tuner selects only the signal of a specific frequency and rejects the rest.

Explanation:

pf

SOMONE PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!!

Answers

violet

it has the shortest wavelength

What is the relationship between a magnets magnetic force and a magnetic field?

Answers

Answer:

Electric forces exist among stationary electric charges; both electric and magnetic forces exist among moving electric charges. The magnetic force between two moving charges may be described as the effect exerted upon either charge by a magnetic field created by the other.

Answer:

i think this could help you

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