The number of bacteria after 28 hours is 9437184. It will take 14.1 hours to reach 10000 bacteria.
a) estimate the number of bacteria after 28 hours.
N(t) = [tex]9*2[/tex]^[tex]\frac{28}{1.4}[/tex]
using the calculations
N(t) =[tex]9 * 1048576[/tex]
N(t) = 9437184 bacteria in 28 hours.
b) after how many hours will the bacteria count reach 10,000?
[tex]9*2^{(t/1.4)}[/tex] = 10000
find t
[tex]2^{(t/1.4)}[/tex] = 10000/9
[tex]2^{(t/1.4)}[/tex] = 1111.1
Using nat logs,
[tex]\frac{t}{1.4}[/tex]ln(2) = ln(1111.1)
[tex]\frac{t}{1.4}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{ln(1111.1)}{In2}[/tex]
using calculations
[tex]\frac{t}{1.4}[/tex] = 10.1178
t = 10.1178 * 1.4
t = 14.1 hours to reach 10000 bacteria
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probiotics such as lactobacillus rhamnosus have been shown to . . . choose one:a. alter transcription in other members of the microbiota.b. reduce inflammation.c. improve inflammatory bowel disease.d. change the composition of the microbiome.
In addition to being present in some foods and the human gut, mouth, and vagina, Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is a form of probiotic ("good" bacteria). L. acidophilus is an example of "good" bacteria that can aid in digestion, nutritional absorption, and defense against potentially harmful "bad" organisms.
Although there is conflicting data, probiotics, especially Lactobacillus GG, may help prevent or treat infectious diarrhea in both children and adults. According to studies, probiotics tend to work best for treating campylobacter infections in adults and rotavirus infections in children. Children's diarrhea can get really bad.
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suppose you are studying the transport of a certain polar molecule across the plasma membrane of cells in a lab. over a period of time, you measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of the cells. you find that the concentration of the molecule is higher in the cell and is gradually increasing. you also measure the atp concentration inside the cell and find that it is decreasing. which of the following is probably responsible for the transport of this polar substance into the cell?
Polar molecules are those that have one end that is a little bit positive and one end that is a little bit negative. When it comes to polar molecules, the covalent bond's electron distribution is uneven.
Therefore, polar and charged molecules including ions, amino acids, nucleosides, and carbohydrates can traverse the plasma membrane due to facilitated diffusion. Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two main groups of proteins that mediate assisted diffusion. Both active and passive transport mechanisms are used to move molecules across the membrane. In active transport, molecules go across the membrane in opposition to the concentration gradient, which is a change from one concentration to another.
Both active and passive transport is used to move the polar molecules across the membrane. Only polar proteins can the polar molecule connect to. The polar character of the channel proteins found in the cell membrane aids in the movement of polar molecules across the membrane. Depending on the chemicals they need to convey, these channel proteins alter their form. The polar molecules control the gated system, which the channel proteins employed to open and close.
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is it true thAt glucose primarily comes from the water we drink
It is not true, glucose primarily comes from the food we eat and obtain from plants.
How is glucose made?A cell's chloroplast is where glucose is made, the plant cell organelle known as the chloroplast employs the process of photosynthesis to create glucose.
It accomplishes this by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen.
Therefore, glucose primarily comes from the food made by photosynthesis, not comes from the water we drink, hence given statement is not true.
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Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
Cell division in a bacterium, however, provides purposes beyond just adding to the organism's cell count. Instead, it pertains to how bacteria proliferate, or how many there are overall.
What happens during cell division, and why is it significant?The process of making new cells for the body, known as mitosis, is usually meant when the term "cell division" is used. Meiosis, a cell division process, is what creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is an essential biological mechanism.
How are bacteria's cells divided?When the membrane and peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the envelope layers penetrate to form a septum that splits the cell into two compartments, cell division occurs in bacteria. After that It hydrolyzes the septal PG.
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in this activity, you will identify the general mechanism of inhibition for the antimicrobial actions listed. drag each item into the appropriate bin.
Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria are extremely harmful, and antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue. the potential for exhaustion.
What is the antimicrobials' mode of action?The mechanism of antimicrobial activity allows for the grouping of antimicrobial agents. Agents that depolarize cell membranes, inhibit protein synthesis, inhibit production of nucleic acids, and inhibit metabolic pathways in bacteria are the primary categories.
What is the antibiotics' mode of action? Providing one instanceAntibiotics frequently obstruct vital bacterial biochemical pathways. Many bacteria build cell walls as a form of defense. The biochemical procedures that create the cell wall are blocked by the antibiotic penicillin. Consequently, the growing bacteria become unable to make cell walls and die easily.
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Kate thought it was interesting that, after the release of a mature oocyte from the ovary, the follicle it was released from took on a new role. What happens to the follicle? select all that apply.
In a female, several main oocytes begin to mature at the start of the menstrual cycle. Each of the oocyte is surrounded by granular cells that are actively dividing and provide it with nourishment forming a ball like mass structure. This structure is known as a follicle.
The follicle changes following ovulation, quizlet.A burst follicle collapses after ovulation, and the antrum filled with clotted blood. The corpus luteum is formed by the enlargement of internal thecal cells and remaining granulosa cells. Progesterone and some estrogen are secreted by the corpus luteum.
The follicle from which a mature egg is discharged from the ovary adapts to a new function and forms the Corpus luteum.
After releasing the primary oocyte that develops into the egg, the ruptured mature follicle transforms into a Corpus Luteum. The progesterone hormone is secreted by means of this structure.
This hormone aids in maintaining the initial stages of pregnancy if fertilization and embryo implantation take place. When there is not a pregnancy, the corpus luteum shrinks.
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Which is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Answer:
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
what did elie and the other prisoners from his cattle car see when they arrived in birkenau that confirmed mrs. schacter's screams?
who believed her, attempted to console her, beat her, and finally gagged her elie and the other prisoners from his cattle car see when they arrived in birkenau that confirmed mrs. schacter's scream
schacter's scream was responded to by the other passengers in the car who believed her, attempted to console her, beat her, and finally gagged her.They observed the flames rising into the pitch-black sky from the tall chimney. The new Jews' failure to save themselves by making an early getaway infuriated the prisoners when they saw them arriving at the camp.
To free up space in the train car, the inmates are content to dispose of the deceased. Eliezer saves his father from being thrown out just in time by continuously beating him, despite the fact that he appears to be dead. They continue travelling.
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Which of the following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE? Multiple Choice Bacteria can normally be found in humans. Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans. Prions appear to be made entirely of protein. Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
The following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE is Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
External parasites encompass mites, lice, and ticks. The maximum common outside parasites encompass fleas, ticks, mites, and lice. Your puppy need to be unfastened from parasites, each inner and external.
Historically, fleas are a number of the maximum essential ectoparasites of people in that numerous species are the herbal vectors of numerous essential infectious diseases, like plague. Today, a few 15 households with a complete of approximately 220 genera and a few 2,500 species of fleas may be distinguished.
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When a tree has fallen in the Tropical Rain Forest, I am happy to break it down and return nutrients to the soil! What am I?
I have decomposer but I need another answer that starts with the letter C
When a tree has fallen in the Tropical Rain Forest, a person is happy to break it down and return nutrients to the soil. This process is called corruptors or crumbles.
What are decomposers?On the forest floor, decomposers such as termites, slugs, scorpions, worms, and fungi thrive. Organic stuff falls from trees and plants, and these organisms decompose it into nutrients.
These nutrients are absorbed by the shallow roots of rainforest trees, and dozens of predators destroy the decomposers.
Therefore, when a tree falls in the Tropical Rain Forest, people are glad to help break it down and provide nutrients to the earth. This is referred to as corruptors or crumbles.
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which of the following terms refers to the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver? a. neural amplification b. metabolic termination c. psychotropic induction d. enzyme induction
Enzyme induction is the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver.
What is enzyme induction?
An enzyme inducer is a type of medication that boosts an enzyme's metabolic activity by either activating the enzyme directly by binding to it or by boosting the expression of the gene responsible for the enzyme. In contrast to an enzyme repressor, it. Following exposure of the organism to chemical agents or physiological conditions, it is a rise in the production of catalytically active enzymes.
Hence the answer is d. enzyme induction.
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summarize the origin of the head and neck. which germ layers, tissues, and structures contribute to craniofacial development?
The migration of neural crest cells from the ectoderm is what gives rise to each craniofacial development of the face and neck. Each pharyngeal arch's eventual structure will be determined by these cells.
The majority of the skeletomuscular system, as well as the craniofacial development the muscles of the craniofacial region, and connective tissues, are all products of the paraxial mesoderm (Noden and Francis-West, 2006). Typically, the dermis, muscles, and bone form from somite segments as the embryo develops. The mesenchymal cells of the cranial neural crest give rise to the connective tissue from which the bones, muscles, and fascia of movement of the anterior area of the neck and face will grow. Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of the suture mesenchyme that joins the individual skull bones as a result of abnormal neural crest cell differentiation, limits the growth of the skull and has an adverse effect on the maturation of the brain and the development of the face.
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proteins that are destined to end up in the membrane (transmembrane proteins) have an internal start transfer sequence question 5 options: true false
Proteins that are destined to end up in the membrane (transmembrane proteins) have an internal start transfer sequence, the statement is true.
Instead of the N-terminal signal sequence, certain transmembrane proteins use an internal signal sequence known as the tart-transfer sequence, which is permanently incorporated into the polypeptide. The two hydrophobic sequences are first released into the bilayer where they remain as membrane-spanning alpha helices until a stop-transfer sequence is reached. This process is started by an internal start-transfer sequence.
SNAREs, a class of transmembrane proteins, contribute to further recognition. The SNAREs on the vesicle (referred to as v-SNAREs) interact with complementary SNAREs on the target membrane (referred to as t-SNAREs), firmly docking the vesicle in place after the tethering protein has captured it by grabbing hold of the Rab protein. In order for the vesicle to deliver its cargo, membrane fusion must also be catalyzed by them.
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the produced by the sustentacular cells independently stops fsh secretion without reducing testosterone secretion
Sustentacular cells are nurse cells that play a crucial role in the production of sperm in men. These are big, closely packed cells that may be seen near the seminiferous tubules on the basolateral side.
While the Leydig cells manufacture and release testosterone in response to the luteinizing hormone.
nhibin. Inhibits the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland's anterior lobe; in the absence of FSH, the sustentacular cells cannot sustain spermatogenesis.
These "nurse cells" are critical in nurturing and providing structural support for sperm cells throughout development. As they develop, around 30-50 spermatogenic cells are buried in the recesses of each Sertoli cell and move from the base into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
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which division of the ans can function independently without being stimulated by the central nervous system?
Vital body processes like blood pressure and respiration rate are under the direction of the autonomic nervous system. This method operates automatically without requiring any thought from the user (autonomously).
What area of the nervous system functions continuously and on its own?Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands are all continuously and spontaneously innervated without any conscious effort.
What tasks are carried out by the parasympathetic portion of the ANS?Your sympathetic nervous system is balanced by the parasympathetic branch of your autonomic nervous system. Your body's "fight or flight" and "rest and digest" responses are each under the control of different sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively.
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Which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?.
Scientists have revealed that humans are disrupting the nitrogen cycle by altering the amount of nitrogen stored in the biosphere.
The primary reason is the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases nitric oxides into the atmosphere, where they combine with other components to form smog and acid rain.
A considerable amount of research suggests that humans are to responsible for disruptions and changes in local and global water cycles. Damming rivers for hydroelectricity, using water for farming, deforestation, and the use of fossil fuels may all have an impact on the water cycle.
Plant and animal waste decomposes and fertilizes the soil. Soil microorganisms convert these forms of nitrogen into nitrogen that plants can use.
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Besides protecting vital organs, what are two other functions of the bones of the skeletal system?
A) making blood cells and storing calcium
B) making cartilage and red blood cells
C) making cartilage and storing calcium
D) making blood cells and storing potassium
Answer:
A) making blood cells and storing calcium
Explanation:
it is correct. i did the quiz 100%
Answer:
I hope this helps.
Explanation:
the human embryo is able to split at the 64-cell stage to produce two viable progeny. this is an indication that human development at this stage is group of answer choices mosaic. determinative. definitive. regulative
Regulation is the response that allows a 64-cell stage human embryo to divide and produce two viable offspring.
64-cell stage Since the amputation exiting the 6th cycle is performed horizontally, the placement of the blastomere in the animal's polar view may resemble his 32-cell stage, but the cells entering the 7th cycle are Smaller. Seen from the side, the cell mound looks quite high. The term morula represents the next stages of embryonic development (16, 32, and 64 cells). The morula is therefore the product of the first cell division and does not actually grow as the daughter cells are getting smaller and smaller. Morula is like a hard ball.
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Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? a. transcription and translation occur simultaneously b. post-transcriptional splicing c. translation in the absence of a ribosome d. gene splicingTerma. transcription and translation occur simultaneously
living organisms use energy from the metabolism of food to create an energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate (atp). the atp acts as an energy source for a variety of reactions that the living organism must carry out to survive. atp provides energy through its hydrolysis, which can be symbolized as follows:
Answer:
yeaa
Explanation:
nonoonno
For half of the radioisotopes of a certain kind to decay into its more stable isotope, the amount of time required is called the _______.
The duration it takes for half of unstable atoms to experience radioactive decay is known as the half-life.
A radioisotope's unstable nucleus can form either spontaneously or as a result of a deliberate alteration of the atom. Radioactive decay production can occur using either a cyclotron or a nuclear reactor. Molybdenum-99, which has a high neutron content, can be produced most effectively in nuclear reactors, whereas fluorine-18, which has a half-life content, can be produced most effectively in cyclotrons. Uranium is the most well-known illustration of a radioisotope that is found naturally. The only other form of naturally occurring uranium, uranium-235, which has three less neutrons and is less stable or radioactive, makes up the remaining 0.7%.
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Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for ________ and ________ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities.
The fetus can be screened for abnormalities using karyotyping and biochemical analysis using amniocentesis and chorionic villus sample.
What data can we glean from CVS and amniocentesis?In at-risk fetuses, these tests can detect genetic illnesses such cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and sickle cell disease. The main benefit of CVS over amniocentesis is that it is done considerably earlier in pregnancy—at 10 to 13 weeks as opposed to 15 to 20 weeks—thus saving more time for the mother.
What can a couple learn about their growing fetus from amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling?Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are prenatal diagnostic techniques used to identify certain fetal genetic disorders. The likelihood of miscarriage rises with both procedures.
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what is the function of myoglobin in muscle cells? group of answer choices stores atp breaks down glucose stores oxygen stores glucose
Myoglobin stores oxygen in the muscle cells. Thus the correct answer is option (C).
Your striated muscles, which include your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles (the muscles linked to your bones and tendons), contain the protein known as myoglobin.
Your body's cells require oxygen to function. They transform the stored energy using oxygen. Due to their regular use, your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles need a lot of oxygen and energy. Although myoglobin and hemoglobin both transfer oxygen to specific tissues, their roles are distinct.
Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, gives them their red hue. Its major function is to carry oxygen from your lungs to the remaining cells in the tissues and organs of your body.
While myoglobin is also present in your bloodstream, it is mostly found in your striated muscles (the kinds of muscles you consciously move, such as your arm and leg muscles). Only injured muscles cause myoglobin to enter the blood. Similar to hemoglobin, myoglobin supplies the reddish hue to your muscle tissues.
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which functions of leukocytes are involved in the inflammation process? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Summary. Leukocytes cross the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration (TEM).
The purpose of leukocyte TEM is to remove inflammation-causing agents in the underlying tissues, for example, bacteria and viruses. Neutrophils comprise 50% to 70% of circulating leukocytes and represent the body's initial line of defense. They are involved in the acute inflammatory response to bacterial infection and the elimination of bacteria by phagocytosis. They are also the most numerous cells to reach the site of injury or infection. The function of inflammation is to remove the initial cause of cell injury, remove necrotic cells and tissues damaged by the original injury and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. activated neutrophils secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and express MHC Class II (MHCII) in a manner that allows for antigen presentation and T cell activation. Resolution of termination, scarring, or chronic inflammation.
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there are three factors that are primarily responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential. this electrical polarization would be disrupted by
sodium and potassium, negatively charged proteins or nucleic acids being carried from the cytoplasm into the extracellular matrix, and an equal number of ungated "leak" channels in the plasma membrane.
The negatively charged chloride ions experience an electrical force from the resting membrane potential. The steady-state condition would result in a chloride gradient that follows Nernst's law at the resting membrane potential and fix the chloride reversal potential at the resting membrane potential if the membrane potential were the only factor operating and provided a sufficient chloride conductance. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the equilibrium potential for chloride can differ from the resting membrane potential in both positive and negative directions. As a result, in addition to the passive equilibrium condition, active transport also influences the distribution of chloride across the cell membrane. The two most significant chloride pumps for cytoplasm neurons are two members of the cation-chloride cotransporter family (Gagnon & Delpire, 2013). One cotransporter of sodium, potassium, and chloride:
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what enzyme could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded dna molecule by creating a sugar-phosphate bond between the adjacent, unjoined nucleotides?
By forming a sugar-phosphate bond between adjacent, unjoined nucleotides, the DNA Ligase enzyme could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
DNA ligase is a particular type of enzyme, a ligase, (EC 6.5. 1.1) that promotes the touching of DNA filaments together by catalyzing the establishment of a phosphodiester bond. DNA ligases play an essential part in claiming genomic completeness by touching breaks in the phosphodiester foundation of DNA that happen all the while copy and recombination, in addition to DNA damage and allure repair.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer calm of two polynucleotide chains that coil about each other to form a double loop. The polymer gives hereditary commands for the incident, functioning, tumor, and duplication of all popular animals and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are deoxyribonucleic acids.
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What would be the consequence of ectopically expressing hoxd10 throughout the developing mouse limb bud?.
The Hox gene network plays numerous roles in the development of vertebrate limbs. One of its primary purposes is to encode positional data, creating a "Hox" code for the arrangement of the structures along the long axis of the limb.
The Hox genes are key players in the series of interactions that allow morphologically distinct regions to develop in segmented animals. In fact, one of the earliest triggers that cause the segment to develop into a part of the head is the activation of a Hox gene from the 3' end.
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the excavate clade is the only eukaryotic group where all clade members are unicellular. the amoebozoa clade is the only eukaryotic group with clades including members that are both unicellular and multicellular. animals are the only group within the opisthokont clade whose members are all multicellular. all plants and algae are multicellular.
Animals are the only group within the Opisthokont clade whose members are all multicellular. This statement is true according to the figure.
The kingdoms of animals and fungi are both included in the large group of eukaryotes known as the opisthokonts. Opisthokonts, formerly known as the "Fungi/Metazoa group," are widely acknowledged as a clade. Apusomonadida, Breviata, and Opisthokonts make to the broader clade Obazoa.
The subclasses of eukaryotes known as opisthokonts include amoebae, fungi, and animals.
The two most well-known multicellular forms of life, the animals (Metazoa) and the fungi are members of the monophyletic Opisthokonta clade, one of the five eukaryotic "super-groups."
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Air and water pollution from industrial waste is a major global challenge, and is largely driven by societal needs and wants. Biochemists know that plants function as small chemical factories, yet produce no toxic waste. These tiny factories in plants are everywhere, synthesizing carbohydrates from photosynthesis, utilizing cellular respiration for energy production, and producing food for animals all at the same time. How can this knowledge, along with modern technology, best be applied to reduce industrial pollution? A Hazardous industrial wastes can be treated with fertilizer and spread on croplands. O B В Plants can be genetically modified to synthesize compounds that currently are made in chemical factories that produce hazardous wastes. C С Plants can be genetically modified to transform heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, into less toxic elements. D. DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify plants that could naturally decontaminate industrial wastes
Answer:
The correct sequence of steps in the aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is
Explanation:
elomerase binds to the overhang at the end of a chromosome. once bound, and using its template as a guide, it begins catalyzing the of deoxyribonucleotides to the overhang in the blank direction, lengthening the overhang. this creates a single strand of dna that is then used as a template on which primase, polymerase, and ligase add deoxyribonucleotides to the lagging strand in the blank direction, restoring the lagging
By producing telomerase, an enzyme that lengthens chromosome telomeres, some cells can stop the shrinking of their telomeres.
An enzyme that can create DNA using RNA as a template is called an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, or telomerase. A cellular enzyme that lengthens telomeres with DNA to keep cells alive (the ends of chromosomes).
The telomeres become shorter and lose a small quantity of DNA with each cell division. The chromosomes deteriorate over time, and the cells eventually perish. Telomerase aids in preventing this from occurring. Compared to most normal cells, cancer cells typically have more telomerase.
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