a 0.2 gram sample of a candy bar is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, increasing the temperature of the 2000 g of water from 25.00◦c to 25.47◦c. what is ∆u in kj/g? ignore any heat loss or gain by the calorimeter itself.

 T= 81.960C is the final temperature when the two become equal.a 45-g aluminum spoon (specific heat 0.88 j/g °c) at 24 °c is placed in 180 ml (180 g) of water at 85 °c and the temperature of the two become equal. specific heat of water is 4.184 j/g°c.

Natural environments do not contain pure aluminium. Beginning with bauxite ore, which is made up of hydrated aluminum oxide (40% to 60%) combined with silica and iron oxide, the manufacturing of primary aluminum metal can begin. For every 4 to 5 tonnes of bauxite ore, 2 tonnes of alumina are produced. Aluminum corrodes even if it doesn't rust. The metal is kept largely protected from corrosion by the aluminum oxide coating's high resistance and ability to repair itself after injury. It is well known for being both lightweight and flexible, making aluminum a very versatile metal with many benefits. built to accommodate a wide range of uses.We Know that Q= heat  = mCp\DeltaT

where m= mass, Cp = heat capacity, \DeltaT = temperature difference      The heat lost by hot fluid = heat gained by cold fluid

       mhCph\DeltaT = mcCpc\DeltaT

where h and c denote hot(coffee)and cold(aluminium spoon) respectively. Heat capacity of water = 4.2 J(mole*K)= heat capacity of coffee(given), On substituting all the given terms:

           180*4.2*(85-T) = 45*0.88*(T-24)

On Solving,                    T= 81.960C

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For a cell made up of cu(s) in 0.03 m cu(no3)2(aq) and cu(s) in 1.49 m cu, the value of ecell in v (assuming 298k) is 2.0 V. (no3) 2(aq)

What is the process of a solar cell?

Galvanic (or voltaic) cells generate an electric current via a thermodynamically advantageous redox reaction. In a separate compartment, or half-cell, each half-reaction takes place alongside an electrode. The electrodes where oxidation and reduction happen are called the anode and cathode, respectively.

What sets voltaic cells apart from galvanic ones?

Galvanic (or voltaic) cells use a thermodynamically advantageous redox reaction to produce an electric current. Each half-reaction takes place next to an electrode in a distinct compartment, or half-cell. The anode and cathode, respectively, are the electrodes where reduction and oxidation occur.

Briefing:

For the oxidation half cell;

Al(s) -------> Al^3+(aq) + 3e.

For reduction half cell;

Cu^2+(aq) +2e ------> Cu(s).

E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode

But;

E°cathode= 0.34 V

E°anode = -1.66 V

E°cell= 0.34 -(-1.66)

E°cell= 2.0 V

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So the formula is C2H4, hydrocarbon gas is 81.7% c and the rest hydrogen by mass. at a temperature of 25°c and a pressure of 1atm, 1.28 g of this gas occupies 0.714 l.

Purely made of carbon and hydrogen, hydrocarbons are by far the most prevalent substance in crude oil, refined petroleum hydrocarbons (such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil), coal tar, creosote, dyestuff, and pyrolysis waste products. The most fundamental class of organic molecules are referred to as hydrocarbons. They only contain the two elements hydrogen and carbon, as implied by their name. In a branching or chain-like arrangement, hydrogen atoms surround one or more central carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecule.

Carbon : Hydrogen mole ratio =  12

85.7 :14.3= 7 : 14 = 1 : 2

Empirical formula = C H  : empirical formula wt = 14

Given 1 litre at NTP weighs 1.26 g

Therefore 22.4 litres will weigh  = 28 g

n =  14, so the formula is C2H4

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​

Molecules behave like soap and clean away dirt by:

What kind of molecule is a detergent?

Detergents are amphipathic molecules that contain polar or charged hydrophilic groups (heads) at the end of long lipophilic hydrocarbon groups (tails) (Figure 1). They are also known as surfactants because they decrease the surface tension of water.

Why is detergent more effective than soap?

A soap contains a COO− group, which is capable of dispersing the attractive forces between water molecules, known as "surface tension", but will not be able to do this indefinitely. Detergents on the other hand contain an O−SO3− group with the same ions which can hold this force at bay.

What are the properties of detergent?

Detergents are products containing soap or other surfactants with surfactant properties: wetting property, emulsion (foam), breaking bonds between the dirt and its holder.

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Except for combustible, oil-based paint, which contains lead, mercury, arsenic, et cadmium, it's likely your you color is just a garbage that needs special handling.

Metal is any of a group of substances with strong thermal and electrical conductivity, mutability, flexibility, and high light reflection.

Metals are excellent building materials. Strength, hardness, and stiffness are just a few of the qualities metal metals possess. Metals may be heated and formed into anything, from a little paperclip to an enormous airplane. They are important for wires or cooking pans as they are efficient heat and electricity conductors.

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Molecular solid have covalently bonded atoms in it whereas Ionic solid have electronic bonds between its atoms..

We employ the octet rule, which states that all atoms in a compound are expected to comply by, to confirm the accuracy of any chemical structure. Every atom in the carbon IV oxide model precisely complies with the octet rule. The valence shell of each atom in the molecule is surrounded by eight electrons. We can therefore conclude that this structure is accurate given the total number of bonds and electrons, as well as the fact that CO₂ has sixteen valence electrons.

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Each of the unscrambled terminologies in italics should be used to complete the sentences as follows;

In Science, a chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process that involves the continuous transformation and rearrangement of the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element by breaking down and forming chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound while new bonds are formed.

Based on changes in chemical structure, there are five (5) main types of chemical reaction and these include the following;

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When sodium carbonate and magnesium chloride are mixed in aqueous solutions, the spectator ions are No3- and Na+.

Salt and chloride are the spectator ions. The only insoluble component in this reaction is magnesium carbonate. Both water and a gas compound are not created. This indicates that all other ions are spectator ions and remain in aqueous solutions on both sides of the reaction equation.

Magnesium carbonate and sodium chloride are created when sodium carbonate, Na 2CO 3, and magnesium chloride, MgCl 2, react.

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Answer:

Both technician a and b are correct that gasoline engines have spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture. Technician b says that diesel engines use compression to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

Explanation:

Gasoline engines- Any of a group of internal combustion engines known as gasoline engines produce power by igniting a volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline or a gasoline combination like ethanol) with an electric spark.

Diesel engines-The Rudolf Diesel-inspired diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine known as a compression-ignition engine because it ignites fuel by heating the air in the cylinder as a result of mechanical compression (CI engine). This contrasts with engines that ignite the air-fuel mixture using spark plugs, such as gasoline or gas engines (using a gaseous fuel like natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas).

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0.375 L of gas are produced if 1.00 g. of nahco3 decomposes at 29 degrees c and 769 torr

From the question, we have

moles=0.011

p=769 torr

v=?

temperature=302K

PV=nRT

V=nRT/P

V=0.11×8.3×302÷769

V=0.375 L

Volume :

The area occupied within an object's limits determines its volume in three dimensions. On occasion, it is referred to as the object's capacity. The volume of an object can be used to calculate how much is needed to fill it; for instance, how much water is needed to fill a bottle, aquarium, or water tank. A sphere is the most basic and prevalent type of three-dimensional shape. We come with spheres all the time in the form of balls, globes, ornamental lights, oranges, etc.

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The atomic number of indium is 49, and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d105s25p1. This atom is a member of the element that belongs to groups 13 and 5. The luster of indium is bright silvery-white.

The least energetic and most stable configuration is the ground state configuration. A higher energy configuration is called an excited state configuration (it requires energy input to create an excited state). The electrons used in bonds are valence electrons.

The electrons in an atom's outermost shell, or energy level, are called valence electrons. oxygen has 6 valence electrons two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell. The electron configuration of oxygen can be expressed as 2s22p4.

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The final temperature is less than 30 degrees.

Mass, in physics, quantitative measure of inertia, an essential property of all dependents. It's far, in effect, the resistance that a frame of count number gives to a change in its speed or position upon the application of pressure. The more the mass of a frame, the smaller the alternate produced with the aid of a carried-out force.

The unit of mass within the worldwide machine of gadgets (SI) is the kilogram, which is defined in terms of Planck's regular, which is described as equal to 6.62607015 × 10−34 joule 2d squared.

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Answer:

1.9 x 10^-20 Joules

Explanation:

I'll assume the frequency is 2.9 x 10^13 Hz  [5-1 was meant to be s^-1].

The energy of a photon is given by the releationship:

 E = hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency, in 1/s or Hz.

Planck's constant = 6.62607E-34 J*s

E = hf

E = (6.626 x 10^-34 J*s)*(2.9 x 10^13 s^-1)

E = 1.9 x 10^-20 Joules

Using the ideal gas equation, the number of mole of O₂ is 2.83 mol.

PV = nRT is the formula for the ideal gas equation. In this equation, P denotes the ideal gas's pressure, V the volume of the ideal gas, n the total amount of ideal gas measured in moles, R the universal gas constant, and T the temperature.

The reaction becomes:

4 FeS (s) + 7O₂ (g) → 2Fe₂O₃ (s) + 4SO₂ (g) .

Volume of O₂ = 27.2 L .

Pressure = 3.86 atm.

Temperature = 452 K .

We have to calculate what mass of Fe₂O₃ will be produced from the given starting material.

We know that,

According to Ideal gas law,

PV = nRT

Where ,

P is pressure

V is volume

n is number of mole.

R is gas constant.

T is temperature.

Now putting the values,

3.86 atm x 27.2 L = n x (0.0821 L.atm/ mol.K) x 452 K

n = 2.83 mol.

So the number of mole of O₂ is 2.83 mol.

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Ans1. Left electrode will be positive because in concentration cell electron moves from lower concentration to higher concentration. Hence right electrode will act as anode and will be negative. Left one will act as cathode and will be positive.

Ans2. For Concentration cell,

Ecell =\frac{-0.0591}{1}\log \frac{0.2}{2}   (Since, it involves one electron)  

= +0.059 V

~ 60 mV.

A conductor used to make electrical contact with a circuit's nonmetallic components is called an electrode. In electrochemical cells, semiconductors like diodes, and medical equipment, electrode are frequently utilized (see Figure 1). Transfer of electrons takes place at the electrode.

Percentage of concentration: It represents how much solute dissolves in 100 g of solvent. If a solution's concentration is 20%, we know that there are 20 g of solute in every 100 g of solution. As an illustration, a solution is made by mixing 10 g of salt and 70 g of water. by % mass, determine the solution's concentration.

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It is necessary to determine the wavelength of maximum absorbance (aka λmax) of the copper sulfate solution before the absorbance of the five standard solutions because this helps in getting the molar concentration of the unknown solution.

In the absorbance vs wavelength graph for a  solution of copper sulfate notice that solutions absorb strongly from approximately 600 to 800 nm, with the maximum absorbance is around 750 nm. Thus in an experiment, we would choose a wavelength within that range. There is an vital distinction between the color of the light we observed reflected and the color the light absorbed.  A wavelength of 750 nm indicates to red light, while a solution of copper sulfate appears to be blue. Copper sulfate solution reflects or transmits blue light, but absorbs red light.

Higher absorbance of the wavelength provides higher sensitivity observes at a wavelength of maximum absorbance (aka λmax) that helps to get the molar concentration of the unknown solution.

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The compound B is 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne, and the compound C is 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne.

Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have triple bonds between carbon atoms. CₙH₍₂ₙ₋₂₎ is the typical formula for molecules with one triple bond. Alkynes undergo many of the same reactions as alkenes, but because a triple bond contains two p-bonds, they can react twice.

Here, compound B with the molecular formula C₆H₁₀ is 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne and compound C is 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne. The compound B reacts with sodium amide (NaNH₂) and methyl iodide (CH₃I), giving the compound C. This reaction explains the acidity of non-terminal alkynes.

In this reaction, sodium amide first abstracts the protons from carbon atoms near the triple bond. The resulting carbanions undergo rapid proton transfer equilibria to form a stable terminal alkyne conjugate base.

The reaction is attached.

The complete question is -

Identify the compounds B and C. Compound B has molecular formula C₆H₁₀ and gives (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₂CH₃ when treated with excess H₂ in the presence of Pd. B reacts with NaNH₂ and CH₃I to form compound C (molecular formula C₇H₁₂).

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The relation between half-life and rate at which it is decaying is given by

t(1/2) = log2/rate

now in the above problem half-life is given as 1459 years substituting in the above equation we get the value of rate at which it is decaying to be rate=0.0001075.

The amount of substance that is present after t years given that the half-life of the substance is h is calculated through the equation,

A(t) = A(o)(0.5^t/h)

The 1/2-life of a radioactive isotope is the quantity of time it takes for one-1/2 of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half of-existence of a selected radioactive isotope is consistent; it's miles unaffected by using situations and is independent of the initial quantity of that isotope.

1/2-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for an amount (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial price. The time period is commonly utilized in nuclear physics to explain how speedy volatile atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long strong atoms survive.

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The Products are the chemicals that emerge from the process.

What is chemical reaction?

A method where one or more substances, known as reactants, are transformed into one or more new substances, known as products. Substances are made of chemical building blocks or chemical compounds.

What is solid ?

As one of the four fundamental states of matter, a substance is said to be in the solid state when it is in that condition. Atoms in solids are closely packed together and have significantly lower kinetic energy than those in liquids and gases.

Chemical reactions are initiated by reactants, which are the substances that do so. Products are the chemicals that emerge from the process.

Therefore, Products are the chemicals that emerge from the process.

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The most electrons that can have the quantum numbers n = 3, l = 2, and ms = -1/2 in an atom is 10.

Each electron in an atom is quantized using four quantum numbers:

The energy of the electron shell, which corresponds to the separation from the nucleus, is described by the principal quantum number (n). N must be an integer with a positive value.

The electron's orbital form is described by the angular momentum quantum number (l). L has an integer value that ranges from 0 to n-1.

The orbital's orientation with respect to the three axes of space is described by the magnetic quantum number (ml). An integer with the values -l to +l makes up the value for ml.

There are only two potential values for the spin quantum number (ms), which describes the electron's spin: +1/2 or -1/2.

The maximum number of electrons that can have the main quantum number of 3 and an angular momentum quantum number of 2 is what we are interested in learning in this inquiry. Since there are only two conceivable values for the spin quantum number, we know that a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins can occupy an orbital. The greatest number of electrons that can have the quantum numbers n=3 and l=2 can be calculated by counting the number of orbitals that can have a value of l=2 and multiplying that number by two.

The possible values for ml are -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2, since l=2 and we know from the information above that ml is an integer that ranges from -l to +l. This demonstrates that the total number of orbitals with the angular momentum quantum number l=2 is five. We obtain 52=10 by putting two electrons into each of these orbitals.

An electron with the quantum numbers n = 3 and l = 2 can have a maximum of 10 electrons.

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Well here i can't provide the diagram of the starting material is a 6 C ring where C 1 has a wedged bond to bromide (Br) and a dashed bond to hydrogen. moving counterclockwise, C 2 has a wedged bond to methyl and a dashed bond to hydrogen. this reacts with c h 3 o n a and methanol to form the product.

Bromide is the negatively charged member of the halogen group and is a form of Bromine element. Bromine's atomic no is 35 and atomic mass is 79.904 u.

Methanol is first of all is a organic chemical with the formula CH₃OH. It is an aliphatic alcohol which is colorless and volatile in nature.

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The  statements that is incorrect about a concentration cell consisting of the same metal and metal ion solutions at different concentrations is the cell containing the more concentrated solution is the anode.

So option B is correct.

A metal ion solution or aqua ion is described as a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [Mₙ]ᶻ⁺. The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li⁺ and Be²⁺ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.

A concentration cell is also described as a limited form of a galvanic cell that has two equivalent half-cells of the same composition differing only in concentrations. A spontaneous redox reaction occurs in a concentration cell until the concentrations of the solutions become equal.

The cell containing the more concentrated solution is the cathode while the cell containing the less concentrated solution is the anode.

Also, the standard electrode potential (e°) of the electrochemical cell is zero.

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Explanation:

RFM=98g

1mol=6.022x10^23molecules

1mol=RFM

98g H2SO4=6.022x10^23molecules

24.0g H2SO4=?

24×6.022×10^23/98

=1.475×10^23 molecules

The volume of the balloon if 0.25 moles of gas are released is 1.3L.

Solution:

[tex]\frac{1.75L}{3.50mol} = \frac{V_{2} }{2.6 moles}[/tex]

V₂ = 1.75 L * 2.6 moles/3.50 moles

= 1.3L

If the temperature and pressure are kept constant, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of gas molecules. At constant temperature and volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of gas molecules present. As the balloon heats up, it expands and the air inside the balloon becomes less dense.

The volume and temperature kept changing so that the pressure remained constant. If the temperature is kept constant, the volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, the same volume of all gases contains the same number of molecules.

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The reaction will produce 6.61 mole of magnesium oxide.

What is the purpose of magnesium oxide?

There are several uses for magnesium oxide. Some people use it as an antacid to treat acid indigestion, digestive problems, and heartburn. Magnesium oxide can also be used as a laxative to quickly and temporarily empty the bowels (before surgery, for example).

Briefing:

This clearly demonstrates that 100.95g magnesium nitride reacts with 108.06g of water to give stoichiometric ammonia and magnesium oxide.

moles of Mg3N2 = 3.82g /100.95g per mole =0.0387 mole

mole of OH2 = 7.73g/18.01g per mole

magnesium oxide, i.e. 0.0387 mole × 58.32g per mole= 6.61mole

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Among hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine gas particles, hydrogen has  the smallest particles  will move with the fastest speed.

The formula of kinetic energy is :

KE= 1/2 (Mv^2)

Where, KE = kinetic energy

m = mass of the gas particle

v = velocity of the gas

Different gas particles move at different speeds with this kinetic energy—gases with smaller particles tend to be moving faster at the same temperature, which means they have a higher speed.

Among hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine gas particles, Chas  the smallest particles  will move with the fastest speed.

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The following assertion is true , If there are several suppliers or customers, the solution for the bounded buffer problems mentioned in section 7. 1. 1 will not function properly.

A mixture is any mixture in which one or more solutes have been broken down by a solvent. Solutes must dissolve in solvents to form homogeneous mixtures. Solutes must dissolve in solvents to form homogeneous mixtures.

Types such solution include sugar-water, salt solutions, metal, alloy, alcohol in water, aerosols, air, and aerated beverages like Coca-Cola. When working with chemicals, we frequently make a variety of solutions, such copper in water and iodine in alcohol, among others.

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1.57g of iron(iii) oxide will be produced.

What do you mean by ideal gas equation?

The Ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. The ideal gas equation can be written as

PV = nRT

Where,

P is the pressure of the ideal gas.

V is the volume of the ideal gas.

n is the amount of ideal gas measured in terms of moles.

R is the universal gas constant.

T is the temperature.

V = 6.50 L

T = 50.2 degree celsius = 50.2 + 273.15 K = 323.35 K

P = 0.121 atm

Using ideal gas equation,

n = PV/ RT = 0.121 atm* 6.50 L / 0.0821 * 323.35 K = 0.0296 mol

0.0296 mol of H20* 1mol Fe2O3 / 3mol H2O * 159.69g of Fe2O3/1 mol Fe2O3= 1.57g

So, 1.57g of iron(iii) oxide will be produced.

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At  50.14 k a substance has a vapor pressure of 258.9 torr. its heat of vaporization in kJ/mol it if has a vapor pressure of 161.2 torr at 277.5 k is

given that :

temperature T1 = 50.14 K

pressure P1 = 258.9 torr

temperature T2 = 277.5 K

pressure P2 =  161.2 torr

using the Clausius Clapeyron , we get :

ln ( P1 / P2 ) = - ΔH / R (1/ T1 - 1/T2)

ln ( 258.9 / 161.2 ) = -   ΔH / 8.314 ( 1/ 50.14 - 1 / 277.5 )

ΔH = 41.83 kJ/ mol

The heat of vaporization ΔH = 41.83 kJ/ mol.

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The detector is used to measure the transmittance as well as the absorbance.

Through transmittance, the total light that passes through the sample is measured. Through absorbance, the total amount of light that can be observed by an object is measured.

The numbers that are generated on the spectrophotometer by the transmitter represent the total light given and that which is absorbed. By using these numbers we can measure the transmittance. The rate of transmittance as well as absorbance for each sample will be different.

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