the electrons in the chemical bond links remain located between two atoms. electrons in covalent bonds can be relocated between more than two atoms.
What are covalent bond ?The most significant type of bonding in organic chemistry is covalent bonding. Atoms sharing some electrons leads to the creation of a covalent bond. Two atomic orbitals touching one other form the bond [1]. Figures 3-4 depict this procedure. Each shared electron in this kind of relationship counts toward the valence shells of both atoms in order to meet the octet rule. Each atom contributes one electron to a pair of electrons that are shared in a single bond. Three pairs of electrons are shared by triple bonds, while two pairs are shared by double bonds. Several covalent bonds are bonds that share multiple electron pairs.
What is chemical bond ?Chemical bonds are formed when the atoms in a compound's molecule are brought together and kept together by a powerful combining force. Ionic and covalent bonds are the two different types of chemical bonds.
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What is the concentration in % (m/v) of a nacl solution prepared by dissolving 9. 3 g of nacl in sufficient water to give 350 ml of solution?.
350 ml of NaCl solution made by combining 9. 3 g of NaCl with enough water to dissolve it has a 0.458M molarity.
The solution is represented by molarity. M stands for "molarity," which is the amount of solute in moles per liter of solution.
The formula for calculating molarity is
M = moles of solute/liter of solution.
The mass of NaCl is 9.3 g, the volume of the solution is 350 mL, and the volume of the solution in liters is given by 350/1000, or 0.35 L.
M = moles of NaCl/liter of solution is the formula used to calculate M.... (1)
Therefore, we must first determine the moles of NaCl.
Molar mass (NaCl)/mass of NaCl = moles of NaCl...... (2)
NaCl's molar mass is 58 g/mol.
Add values to Eq (2)NaCl moles are 9.3 g/58 g/mol.NaCl moles equal 0.16 mol. Place the numbers in Eq. (1) as follows:
M = 0.16 mol/0.35 L
M = 0.458
The Molarity then equals 0.458M.
The molarity is 0.458M as a result.
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K-42 has a half-life of 12.0 hours. At present, a given ore sample contains 34.2 mg of K-42. How much did it contain yesterday at the same time?
The amount of sample of K-42 yesterday at the same time is equal to 136.8 mg.
What is the half-life of radioactive material?The half-life of the radioactive material can be described as the time required to decrease its original amount to half after decay. The half-life of a radioactive element does not depend on the initial amount of the substance.
Consider that N₀ is the initial amount of the K-42 sample
Consider that 'n' is the number of half-lives of K-42.
The time for which K-42 decay, t = 24 hrs
Half-life of substance (t½) = 12 hrs
t = n ×t½
24 = n × 12
n = 2
Assume that N₀ is the amount of the K-42 before decay for 24 hours.
N ×2² = N₀
34.2 × 4 = N₀
N₀ = 136.8 mg
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the beta decay of cesium-137 has a half-life of 30.0 years. how many years must pass to reduce a 26 mg sample of cesium 137 to 5.7 mg?
Answer:
10 pts you say?
Explanation:
provide a reason to explain why the less stable radical intermediate leads to the formation of the major product in this reaction.
Hybridization, electronegativity, and polarizability are three variables that affect the stability of free radicals. The unpaired electron in these radicals, which tends to donate or acquire another electron to achieve stability, is the cause of their high reactivity.
Because the bromine radical is less reactive, it is more selective for the 2° radical. Cl is less picky and less selective due to its lower stability and increased reactivity.
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what is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 45.6 g glucose, c6h12o6, in enough water to make 350.0 ml of solution?
The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 45.6 g glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, in enough water to make 350.0 ml of solution is 0.722 M.
given that :
volume = 350 mL = 0.350 L
mass of glucose = 45.6 g
molar mass of glucose = 180.15 g/mol
the number of moles of glucose = mass / molar mass
= 45.6 / 180.15
= 0.253 mol
the molarity expression is given as follows :
Molarity = moles / volumes in L
= 0.253 / 0.350
= 0.722 M
Thus, the molarity of the solution to make 350.0 mL of solution is 0.722 M.
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Commercial methods for making fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs): • Base-catalyzed transesterification of the oil with ________________.
Commercial methods for making fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Base-catalyzed transesterification of the oil with Sodium Methoxide.
What is FAME used for?The generic chemical term for biodiesel derived from renewable sources is Fatty Acid Methyl Ester. It is used to supplement or replace mineral diesel and gas oil, which are used to power on- and off-road vehicles as well as static engines.It is formed during the biodiesel production process when vegetable oils and animal fats are transesterified. In the presence of a catalyst, usually potassium hydroxide, these high molecular weight oils and fats react with short chain alcohol to produce lower molecular weight esters (FAME).Transesterification is the process of separating the three alkoxy groups from the triglyceride's glyceryl backbone. As a byproduct of the reaction with the alcohol, three lower molecular weight esters are formed. The catalyst in the reaction is potassium hydroxide.To learn more about Fatty Acid refer :
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a sample of an ideal gas has a volume of 2.37 l2.37 l at 286 k286 k and 1.06 atm.1.06 atm. calculate the pressure when the volume is 1.67 l1.67 l and the temperature is 305 k.
The pressure when the volume is 1.67 l and the temperature is 305 k 1.604 atm.
Using the ideal gas equation:-
Given;
P₁ = 1.06 atm
V₁ = 2.37 L
T₁ = 286 K
P₂ = ?
V₂ = 1.67
T₂ = 305 K
P₁V₁/T₁ =P₂V₂/T₂
P₂ = P₁V₁T₂ /T₁V₂
= 1.06 × 2.37 × 305 / 286 × 1.67
= 766.221 / 477.62
= 1.604 atm
What is Pressure?
The physical force exerted on an item is called Pressure. The force applied is vertical to the surface of items per unit area. The basic formula for pressure is Force/Area.
What is an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is an intransigent gas composed of a set of irregularly-moving point atoms that interact only through elastic conflicts.
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if you completely react 6 moles of h2 gas (with n2 as excess), how many moles of nh3 can be produced?
The number of moles of NH3 can be produced are 4 moles.
What is a mole?
The mole is the amount of substance in a system that includes the same number of elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; it is denoted by the sign "mol."
What is a limiting factor?
Limiting factors are reactants or reagents that are used by a chemical reaction before other reactants. The limiting factor is the reactant or reagent with the lowest supply in terms of its required ratio in comparison to other reactants in the system.
According to the question;
Balanced equation would be :
[tex]3H_2 + N_2[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2NH_3[/tex]
Here, [tex]H_2[/tex] is a limiting factor
No. of moles of ammonia formed when 3 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] react with excess of [tex]N_2[/tex] =2
applying unitary method:
No. of moles of ammonia formed when 6 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] react with excess of [tex]N_2[/tex]= [tex]\frac{2}{3 } * 6[/tex] = 4moles.
The number of moles of NH3 can be produced are 4 moles.
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What is the proper rate of cpr compressions for the adult cardiac arrest victim?.
The recommended pace for CPR compressions for an adult cardiac arrest sufferer is 100 to 120 per minute.
What are compressions?Compressions entail applying particular pressure towards the person's chest with your hands while pressing down quickly and firmly. Compressions constitute the most crucial CPR procedure. When administering CPR compressions, follow these steps: Place the person on a stable surface while holding her back up.
What do compressions do in CPR?CPR simulates your heart's pumping action by doing chest compressions. These compressions support your body's natural blood circulation. Heart disease and cardiac arrest are not the same thing. A heart condition occurs when the flow to the coronary artery is blocked.
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the concentration of sodium chloride in blood serum is approximately 0.14 m. what volume (in liters) of blood serum contains 2.0 g of nacl?
The molarity of the solution and the number of moles of the solute can be used to calculate the volume of a solution. Blood serum at a concentration of 0.14 M and 2g of NaCl is 0.24 L in volume.
The term "molarity" of a material refers to its concentration. It is the proportion of the solute's moles to the liters of solution. Temperature affects a substance's molarity.
The number of moles of solute and the volume of the solution both affects the molarity of the solution. The blood serum has a molarity of 0.14 and 20g of sodium chloride.
NaCl has a molar mass of 58.5 g/mol. The following formula is used to determine how many moles of NaCl are present in the 2 g sample:
2 g = 58.5 moles in terms of moles.
= 0.034 moles.
Now, the blood serum volume is determined using the formula below:
Volume is equal to moles times molarity.
= 0.14 mol/L and 0.034 moles
= 0.24 liter.
As a result, 0.24 L of 0.14 M blood serum contains 2 g of NaCl.
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are the physical and chemical properties of a compound necessarily similar to those of the elements of which it is composed?
Compounds have physical and chemical properties that are different from the properties elements of which it is composed.
A substance's physical property is a quality that can be seen or quantified without affecting the substance's identity. Color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points are examples of physical qualities.
The capacity of a substance to go through a particular chemical transition is described by its chemical property. Rust is a different kind of matter than the iron, oxygen, and water present before the rust formed, hence its production is a chemical change. Chemical attributes include, for instance, flammability, toxicity, acidity, numerous types of reactivity, and heat of combustion.
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Molar Mass Values
NaN3
65.02 g/mol
Na
22.99 g/mol
N₂
28.02 g/mol
KNO,
101.11 g/mol
If 45.97 grams of sodium is produced in reaction 1, how many of grams of
nitrogen will be then be produced in reaction 2?
10 Na(s) + 2 KNO,(s) →K₂O(s) + 5 Na₂O(s) + N₂(g)
In consideration of Henry's law the molar mass of organic compound is 0.24 grams.
What is molar mass?The molar mass of a chemical compound defined as the mass of a sample of that compound devided by the amount of substance which is the number of moles in that sample,measured in moles.
Sol-One of three asks what the mass of water is in grams and two and 1/2 liters of paper of Equis, 12.5% sodium chloride, fifty five°C. This problem tells us that pure H2O is one hundred eighteen tour at fifty five*° C.So the first thing that we have to do here is figure out wth e um, the mole fraction of thermal fractions, I suppose, of both sodium chloride and water.
We know those 2.5 liters. We're looking for this number of moles here. Ideal gas constant 0.8 to 6 leader atmospheres over mole Calvin. And then we have to convert, um, Celsius, the 55 degrees C to Calvin. So we always rmember that simply 55 degrees Celsius plus two year and 73 which gets US 328 Calvin. So solving all of that for the number of moles, then that gives us 0.133 off water and 2.5 liters of vapor. So last step, then, is to just convert that to Graham's, since the problem asks for a mass and not by the number moles. So you can plug that, , basically into, uh, the molecular by it it and it does weight of water, just 18.2 grand's for mold. And that gives us keeping significant figures in mind. 0.24 grams.
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Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°c.
For the breakdown of 1 mol of calcite to carbon dioxide plus white precipitate oxide at 25°c, the standard reaction entropy is 160.6 J/mol*K.
How do you define reaction in chemistry?In a chemical reaction, one or more materials known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.
What kind of response?Synthesis, decomposition, only one, double-replacement, and combustion are the five fundamental varieties of chemical reactions. You can classify a reaction into one of these groups by looking at the reactants and products. Several categories will apply to some reactions.
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The complete question is-
Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°C.
CaCO₃ (s) → CO₂ (g) + CaO (s)
(a). -160.6 J/mol*K
(b). 160.6 J/mol*K
(c). 346.4 J/mol*K
(d). -266.9 J/mol*K
What postulate of the kinetic molecular theory best explains why gases have high fluidity? because collisions between gas particles are elastic, there is no loss of energy as particles flow past each other. Because gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles, they spread out and do not come in contact with each other. Because the attractive forces between gas particles are negligible, gas particles can glide easily past one another. Because the average kinetic energy of gas particles increases as temperature increases, gas particles behave more like a liquid.
the elasticity of gas particle collisions, there is no energy loss when the particles pass one another. Gases are composed of a very large number of small particles, which spread out and avoid contact with one another.
Which of the following gas postulates from the kinetic molecular theory best explains why pressure exists in gases?As the quantity of gas particles in the container rises, so does the frequency of wall interactions and subsequently the pressure of the gas. The average kinetic energy of a gas particle is exclusively dependent on the temperature of the gas, says the theory's final postulate. As the volume of gas particles inside the container grows, more of them will collide with the walls, increasing the pressure and the frequency of collisions.
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Answer:
Because collisions between gas particles are elastic, there is no loss of energy as particles flow past each other.
Derive an expression for the total mechanical energy e of the moon in terms of m, m, d and the gravitational constant g.
Fm1m2 = Gm1m2/r2 * r. A planet with a mass of M and a radius of b is orbited by a moon with a mass of m and a radius of an at a distance of d (center to center).
A mass is what?The quantity of material in a material or an object is measured by its mass. The kilogram (kg) is the fundamental SI unit of mass, while lower masses can also be expressed in grams (g). A balance is what you would use to measure mass.
How is mass determined?The kilogram (kg) is the fundamental SI unit of mass, while lower masses can also be expressed in grams (g). A balance is what you would use to measure mass. A triple beams balance can be used to quantify mass in the laboratory.
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if the volume of the system is reduced to one half of its original volume and the system is allowed to restablish equilibrium at 298k, what will be the pressure in atm, of the water vapor at the new volume
According to ideal gas law ;
PV = nRT where, P refers to the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n is the total amount of ideal gas that is measured in terms of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
If Volume of system is reduced to half = V/2
then; P = 2(nRT/V), Pressure will be doubled to reestablish the equilibrium.
What is Chemical equilibrium?
Chemical equilibrium, condition in the course of a reversible chemical reaction in which no net change in the amounts of reactants and products occurs. A reversible chemical reaction is one in which the products, as soon as they are formed, react to produce the original reactants.
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how many atoms are there in one molecule of h3po4 ? how many atoms of each element are there in one molecule of h3po4 ? how many atoms are there in one molecule of ? how many atoms of each element are there in one molecule of ?
There are 8 atoms in total in one molecule of H3PO4.
There are 3 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of phosphorous and 4 atoms of oxygen in the one molecule of this compound, which is called hydrogen phosphate.
The charge number of an atomic nucleus is known as the atomic number or nuclear charge number (sign Z) of a chemical element. This is equivalent to the proton number (np), or the number of protons present in the nucleus of every atom of that element, for conventional nuclei. Ordinary chemical elements can be uniquely identified by their atomic number. The atomic number and the number of electrons are both equal in a typical, uncharged atom.
The total number of atoms in one molecule can be calculated as :
= 3 (H) + 1 (P) + 4(O)
=8 atoms in total
Therefore, there are 8 atoms in total in one molecule of H3PO4.
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An element from group 13 bonds with an element from group 17. Which formula correctly depicts the correct chemical formula for elements from these two groups?.
A chemical compound is created when metals and nonmetals mix in a specific ratio. AlCl3 is the compound that will be created from elements in groups 13 and 17.
A chemical compound is made up of several related molecules (or molecular entities), each of which has atoms from various chemical elements and is joined by chemical bonds. A molecule is not a compound because it is made up of only one element's atoms. A chemical reaction can convert one element into another and may involve interactions with other molecules. In the course of this process, atom-to-atom bonds may form or break.
Using the common chemical symbols with numerical subscripts, a chemical formula defines the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule. The Chemical Abstracts Service has given a lot of chemical compounds a special CAS number that serves as an identification. More than 350,000 chemical compounds (including chemical combinations) have been registered for manufacturing and use globally.
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what is the Ka reaction of hcn? Ka reaction: the Ka of hcn is 6.2×10−10. what is the Kb value for cn− at 25 °c? Kb
The Ka of the reaction of HCN is 1.6x10^-5 when the Ka of hcn is 6.2×10−10 and value of Kb is 1.6x10^-5
Ka reaction of HCN is
HCN (aq) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + CN- (aq)
Now, at 250 C
Ka × Kb = Kw = 10-14
Hence Kb of CN- ion is
Or, Kb = = 1.6 × 10-5 .
Kb is the measure of the basic strength.It determines the relative basic strength.Kb is the base dissociation constantKb is the base dissociation constant. How thoroughly a base separates into its constituent ions in water is determined by the base dissociation constant.pKb is the negative base-10 logarithm of the base dissociation constant (Kb) of a solution. It is used to determine the strength of a base or alkaline solution.To learn more about base dissociation constant visit:
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subatomic particles are removed from glucose and end up creating water at the end of the electron transport chain?
The subatomic particles are removed from glucose and end up creating water at the end of the electron transport chain are two protons.
What is electron transport chain?
Electrons are transferred from one molecule to another in the electron transport chain and the energy released during these electron transfers is utilized to create an electrochemical gradient.
During the oxidative phosphorylation process, glucose molecules are stripped of their protons when two oxygen molecules are reduced to water using the electrons that have traveled through the electron transport chain. Once at the mitochondrial membrane, the protons are utilized to establish a proton gradient. By means of chemiosmosis, this gradient is utilized to propel the manufacturing of ATP.
Therefore the subatomic particles are removed from glucose and end up creating water at the end of the electron transport chain are two protons.
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What is the answer of number 11?
Hope this helps!
with what compound will nh3 experience only ion-dipole intermolecular forces? group of answer choices ocl2 licl ch3i c3h7oh sih4
Here, we must select a chemical capable of producing an ion-dipole interaction with ammonia. Only b) NaOH will interact with the ion dipole of the NH3.
How does a dipole of ions operate?
When an ion interacts with a nonpolar molecule, a weak attraction called an ion-induced dipole force is created. In addition, a fully charged ion can polarize a nonpolar molecule by approaching it; as a result, the electrons in the molecule react and produce a dipole.
What makes it an ion-dipole?
Dipole-Ion Interaction
An electrically charged atom or molecule is known as an ion (which is to say the opposite of a neutral molecule). The term "dipole" simply refers to the presence of two poles that are negatively and positively charged. Another name for a molecule having a dipole is a
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A solution of potassium hydroxide (koh) is titrated against a solution of hydrochloric acid. How many moles of potassium hydroxide would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid?.
1 mole of potassium hydroxide would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid.
The balanced equation for the reaction is as follows:
[tex]KOH + HCl[/tex]→ [tex]KCl + H_{2} O[/tex]
Titration is defined as "the process of determining the quantity of a substance A by adding measured increments of substance B, the titrant, with which it reacts until exact chemical equivalence (the equivalence point) is achieved."
Titration is a common quantitative chemical analysis laboratory method for determining the concentration of an identified analyte. The titrant or titrator is a reagent that is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume.
The titration's goal is to find the equivalence point, or the point at which chemically equivalent amounts of the reactants have been mixed. The amount of reactants mixed at the equivalence point is determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction.
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Student a says the δ h value of an exothermic energy change is always positive. Student b says δ h value of an exothermic energy change is always negative. Who is correct?.
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, student a and student b are correct.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.
Mathematically,
q = n ×ΔH
where
q = amount of heat
n = no of moles
ΔH = enthalpy
n = w / M.M
Both students are correct as energy can be positive as well as negative. Any reaction in which energy is added, energy value comes out to be positive and reaction is called endothermic reaction. Any reaction in which energy is released, energy value comes out to be negative and reaction is called exothermic reaction.
Therefore, student a and student b are correct.
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How does the strength of the imfs in water compare to the strength of the imfs in ethanol?.
Water has higher intermolecular force strength as compared to that of ethanol.
Water can form hydrogen bonds four ways as compared to ethanol that can form hydrogen bonds two ways. thus, water has strong bonds.
The interaction known as hydrogen bonding, which involves a hydrogen atom sandwiched between two other atoms with a high affinity for electrons, is stronger than van der Waals forces but weaker than ionic or covalent bonds. Atoms in separate molecules or distinct regions of the same molecule can form hydrogen bonds with one another. A hydrogen atom (FH, NH, or OH) is covalently bound to one of the pair's (the donor) typically fluorine, nitrogen, or oxygen atoms, with which it shares electrons unevenly. As a result of this high electron affinity, the hydrogen gains a little positive charge. The other atom in the pair, which is usually F, N, or O, has an unshared electron pair, giving it a little negative charge.
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Make a claim about whether air is matter. Support the claim with evidence and explain your reasoning
Answer: Yes
Explanation:
Air is matter because it takes up space, has weight and is composed of particles.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
What is resonance hybrid?
A resonance hybrid is a substance that exhibits resonance and has a structure that is stated as the average of two or more structural formulas, each of which is separated from the next by a double-headed arrow. For instance, benzene.
It is possible to explain the equal bond lengths using the resonance hybrid of this polyatomic ion, which was created from its various resonance structures.
Therefore, Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
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the model illustrates a process by which a substance is taken up by a cell. which statements describe the process? select the correct answer. (1 point)
The model shows the process of endocytosis.
What is endocytosis?
A biological process called endocytosis allows chemicals to enter the cell. An region of cell membrane that surrounds the substance to be swallowed then buds off inside the cell to create a vesicle containing the substance to be ingested. Pinocytosis (cell sipping) and phagocytosis are two types of endocytosis (cell eating). It is an active mode of transportation.Receptor-mediated endocytosis, sometimes referred to as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis are the four subcategories of endocytosis mechanisms.Small molecules are transported through the phospholipid bilayer by the carrier and channel proteins explained in the section above. By use of a unique procedure known as endocytosis, eukaryotic cells may also take in macromolecules and particles from the surrounding media.Christian deDuve first used the word "endocytosis" in 1963.To know moremore about endocytosis, click the link given below:
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In the Introductory Activity, the developing solvents were 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution and 2% isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution. Draw separate molecular diagrams of how sodium chloride and isopropyl alcohol would interact in water. Identify the types of intermolecular attrac- tions within each diagram.
the developing solvents were 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution and 2% isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution
What occurs if you combine salt and rubbing alcohol?Isopropyl alcohol can be "salted out," which uses salt to remove water from the substance and thereby boosts its potency. When salt is added to water, it dissolves, but is insoluble in isopropyl alcohol, which causes the water to become heavier and sink to the bottom while the alcohol floats to the top.
Salt and alcohol can they be dissolved?Salt and alcohol do not interact, despite the fact that water and alcohol do. The solution becomes salty when salt is added, but the salt dissolves in the water but not the alcohol.
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Calculate the work associated with the compression sof a gas from 121. 0 l to 80. 0 l at a constant pressure of 16. 7 atm.
The amount of energy required to compress a gas from 121 litres to 80 litres at a constant pressure of 16.7 atm is 6.94*10^4J. When the need for water increases in a system with constant pressure
As the demand for water falls, the pump speed will also decline. The pump only runs as much as required to fulfil demand in order to maintain pressure as efficiently as feasible. Using the following expression, we can determine the work (W) connected to gas compression at constant pressure:
W = -P.V, where P is the outside pressure.
V represents the volume change.
In light of the fact that 1 atm.L = 101.325 J, the work of compression is given by W = -P*(v2 - v1) = -16.7atm*(80.0 - 121.0)*(101.325/1) = 6.94*10^4J.
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