Answer:
Explanation:
There is plenty of ambition in Africa to industrialise, for good reasons. Manufacturing is probably the only proven development model so far that has helped to bring jobs, export revenues and rapid and sustained prosperity to a range of (mainly Asian) poorer countries.
But unless African countries get down to the messy and laborious task of actively promoting manufacturing through targeted infrastructure, skills development, financial policy, making quality connections with agriculture and services in partnership with the private sector, and preparing for a more digital future, significant industrial capacity may never take hold in Africa. The window of opportunity is closing.
Large scale manufacturing on the African continent is mostly absent (automobiles in South Africa being a notable exception). But there are many success stories and promising avenues.
The share of manufacturing in sub-Saharan African gross domestic product (GDP) has declined from 14% in 2000 to 9.6% in 2010 and has remained at that level until now. But it is also true that the value of manufacturing output and exports had doubled over the last decade.
Annual manufacturing growth rates since 2000 were close to 10% in Ethiopia (among the top three in the world), Rwanda and Tanzania – though from a low base. Sub-Saharan Africa’s garment and textiles exports to the United States increased by 18% from the first half of 2017 to the first half of 2018, and a whopping 106% in Ethiopia, thanks in part to a drive to build special economic zones.
There are now major opportunities for African manufacturing. With African markets growing and the new African Continental Free Trade Area signed earlier this year, my colleague Max Mendez-Parra makes the case for increasing regional trade in services which in turn support industrialisation.
There are challenges too. African countries should not expect large scale offshoring of manufacturing jobs from China, as Chinese firms often upgrade domestically and automate in the face of rising wages. It means that African countries need a more targeted approach towards China.
Digitalisation may also affect the ability of African countries to compete as labour costs become less important. Karishma Banga suggests a two-pronged approach: prepare for a digital economy, and build industrial capabilities while you can.
The final three perspectives emphasise that domestic policies and institutions are crucial. While Ethiopia’s experiment with industrial parks is well known and shows the importance of leadership, Tanzania’s experience is full of plans that are not implemented, and recent action is mixed. Kenya lacked coordination but has recently stepped up its action from the centre. Rwanda has recently increased its policy emphasis towards industrialisation – in Rwanda, that normally means ‘we are in business’.
This is exactly what’s needed: African countries must step up at this crucial moment, and seize the opportunity while they still can.
8.
Which two types of landforms are found in Brazil's northeast region?
coastlines and sugar plantations
plains and port cities
interior plains and the Amazon River
coastal plains and plateaus
Answer:
Coastal Plains and Plateaus
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Coastal plains and plateaus
What are the four main reasons as to why, despite having an abundance of minerals and natural resources, Pakistan has been unable to realize its potential and has not been able to succeed like other countries having similar resources? (its argent)
Answer:
In the Explanation
Explanation:
History of growth in Pakistan is patchy.
GDP growth rate remained near 7% during 1958–68.
Then Pakistan faced debacle of East Pakistan. It was the failure of the political system that we remained unable to resolve political differences by dialogue.
From the day one, Pakistan faced real or projected existential threat. Leaders from India like Patel prophesied that Pakistan wouldn’t withstand the looming catastrophic challenges to her economy, defence and internal linguistic & political differences.
Water from Eastern Rivers was stopped from headworks situated in India. Pakistan was put to face starvation. Pakistan lost Quaid e Azam the visionary leader and his successors were not competent enough to steer the ship.
Constitution couldn’t be framed until 1956 and basic issues of Provincial Autonomy and national language couldn’t be resolved. Pakistan had no industrial base and faced severe food shortages and essential commodities. Around eight million refugees were in camps with no assets and livelihood.
Gradually Pakistan rose from shambles. GDP growth rate remained fluctuating and especially from 1970 onward till 2020 Pakistan’s GDP growth remained much lowere than India, China, Korea, Vietnam etc and even Bangladesh.
PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC GROWTH 1972-2010
Pakistan’s average annual real GDP Growth in the period 1972 to 2010 is about 5.2 percent by contrast the average annual real GDP growth in the period 1980 to 2008 was 9.9 percent for China and 6.4 percent for India.
Pakistan’s Real GDP Growth Rates and Net Current Account as Percentage of GDP
Democratic values couldn’t gain foot. USA always encouraged dictatorships in Pakistan whenever there was a political and strategic expediencies in the region. To use Pakistan’s strategic location to defeat Russia in Afghanistan and contain communism in Cold War era USA encouraged dictatorships in Pakistan to deal affairs with one man and make Army to Army collaboration easy and smooth.
But it is very strange to note that in the eras of three dictatorships Ayyoub 1958–59, Zia-Ul-Haq 1977–88 and Parwaiz Musharraf1999–2008 the growth rate remained around 7%. In democratic eras, it never rose above 5% rather it always remained less than 5%. Pakistan’s history is very strange and full of mysteries. It is a history of successes and failures.
We had a very strong inimical neighbour India. India always tried to put Pakistan in troubles. Instead of creating cordial relationships, India always depicted Pakistan as a rouge state forgetting that with such an inimical neighbourhood, India can’t reach the status of really welfare state. Pakistan, India and Bangladesh can do miracles. They had the potential much more than China. China was a poor country in 1947. If Pakistan couldn’t gain the full benefits of her resources, India is much behind her actual potential.
It is an era of friendships and trade. China, India, Pakistan with other South & South Eastern countries in Asia can lead the world if they stop playing in the hands of USA. If Pakistan was wrong to stand with USA, how India would be considered on the right side gain benefits for playing a subordinate role in India-Pacific Policy of USA. I have stated more than five reasons. In short:
1: We couldn’t resolve our issue of Provincial Autonomy and national language.
2: We couldn’t establish real democratic, participative and inclusive institutions
3: We couldn’t revamp our educational institutions to impart modern, scientific and innovative approach.
4: We spent much less to improve our human resource and couldn’t understand that a refined human resource earns much more than an ailing and illiterate person.
Yes, Pakistan has the potential but we are sluggish and lazy people to grab this opportunity. CPEC is a game changer. Pakistan must relocate Chinese industrial concerns at proposed eight Special Economic and Industrial Zones( SEIZs) on or near to CPEC. Pakistanis Governments failed criminally to expedite the establishment of these zones. Pakistan’s bureaucracy couldn’t resolve this complex issue. Identification of suitable industries that China will relocate, provision of requisite infrastructure and civic amenities, training of efficient man power especially youth without employment and which would require are challenges which we couldn’t resolve.
CPEC will be very useful for India as well. Pakistan provides land link to CARs& Afghanistan which are rich in energy resources India need badly. Without cheap energy resources, India can’t attain sustainable development goals.
Yes, Pakistan couldn’t rise to occasion like other similar countries. No plausible defence for it. No reason other than our laziness and sluggishness, lack of visionary leadership, perfect strategy and planning. But there is a silent resurrection. Pakistanis feel they are not where they should have been there. Destination is affront. Target is obvious. Dreams are vivid.
Please Help. i need this answered for my Geography essay 1. What are the benefits of being a member of the European Union? 2. What are the drawbacks of being a member of the European Union? 3. Why do you think UK made the decision to leave the UK
Answer:
1. Some benefits of being in the EU are trade deals with other countries and we can get some amounts of money from them.
2. Being a member of the EU means that we have to give large amounts of money towards the EU every year.
3. I think the UK made this decision because we don't have to deposit large amounts of money towards the EU anymore; the UK can control their own water (English Channel) and only the UK can fish there.
A secular government seeks to separate its decisions and policies from __________ influences. A. legislative B. religious C. political D. executive Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D
Answer:
religious
Explanation: hope this helps ✊✊✊✊✊✊ （づ￣3￣）
Answer:
It's B!
Explanation:
Took the test on edge :)
Most of the western United States except the pacific states saw population growth during the mid-2000’s what is the best explanation for the lack of growth in the pacific states?
Answer:
People were moving into more farmland, which there is not much of on the Pacific coast
what is migration? will mark Brainliest....
Answer:
Migration is the movement and in human terms usually means a change of home.
Explanation:
hope this helps....
Ancient Greek and Romans are well known for their belief and worship of multiple gods. This practice is known as __________.
Answer:
polytheism
Explanation:
it is polytheism because it is the belief in 2 or more things
on the other hand if it was one thing that they believed in, It would have been monotheism. but since it is 2 or more things that they believe in then it is polytheism
Answer:
polythiesem
Explanation:
Which statement describes the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?
Answer:
The epicenter is at the surface directly above the focus.
Explanation:
The epicenter is right above the focus.