In a general audit, various accounts and assertions might be influenced by the results of testing the credit authorization controls. The two assumptions, in this case, were that 14 customers were granted credit without any sign of a credit limit, and 16 customers exceeded their credit limit.
Below are the accounts and assertions that are most likely to be impacted by these findings:
Accounts: Audit firms often test Accounts Receivable to ensure that there is adequate documentation to support customer balances. Testing of the credit control environment can be accomplished by confirming balances with customers and assessing whether there are proper controls in place to ensure that credit checks are performed before granting credit. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is another account that may be impacted. This account is used to account for the probability of uncollectible accounts.
Assertions: Testing the credit control environment has an impact on various assertions, particularly those related to account balance assertions.
The assertion of Completeness: This assertion is directly linked to the possibility that 14 customers were granted credit without any indication of a credit limit. The absence of a credit limit would have an impact on the completeness of the account balances.
The assertion of Existence: This assertion is influenced by the possibility that 16 customers exceeded their credit limit. If the customers' accounts are not recorded properly, the existence of balances may be questioned.
The assertion of Rights and Obligations: This assertion is impacted by the likelihood that 14 customers were granted credit without any indication of a credit limit. It raises questions about whether the company has the right to collect the balances from customers.
The assertion of Valuation and Allocation: This assertion is impacted by the likelihood that 16 customers exceeded their credit limit. If customers' balances are not valued correctly, it may lead to valuation and allocation issues.
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explain in details;
b. what are consolidated financial statements? How to prepare consolidated financial statements?
c. why is it necessary to make consolidated worksheet adjustments?
d. How often is it necessary to make consolidate worksheet adjustments?
b. Consolidated financial statements combine parent and subsidiary financial information to create a single set.
c. Consolidated worksheet adjustments eliminate intercompany transactions, balances, and unrealized gains/losses.
d. Consolidated worksheet adjustments are made during financial statement preparation depending on reporting requirements.
b. Consolidated financial statements are prepared when a company controls one or more subsidiary entities. They provide a comprehensive view of the financial performance and position of the entire consolidated group. To prepare consolidated financial statements, the financial statements of the parent company and its subsidiaries are adjusted to eliminate intercompany transactions, balances, and unrealized gains or losses. The adjusted financial information is then combined using the principles of consolidation, such as the acquisition method or equity method, to present a unified set of financial statements.
c. Consolidated worksheet adjustments are necessary to eliminate transactions and balances that occur between the parent company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions, such as sales or loans between entities, need to be eliminated to avoid double counting and to accurately reflect external transactions. Balances, such as intercompany accounts receivable or payable, must be eliminated to avoid overstating assets or liabilities. Additionally, unrealized gains or losses on intercompany transactions or investments need to be eliminated to present a consolidated financial statement that reflects the economic reality of the entire consolidated entity.
d. Consolidated worksheet adjustments are typically made during the preparation of annual financial statements. However, in certain cases, interim or quarterly financial statements may also require consolidated worksheet adjustments. The frequency of these adjustments depends on the reporting requirements and the needs of the users of the financial statements. Generally, annual adjustments are made to ensure that the consolidated financial statements accurately reflect the financial position, performance, and cash flows of the consolidated group. Interim adjustments may be necessary when interim financial statements are prepared to provide timely and relevant information to stakeholders.
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what is the percent of kilocalories from fat in bob’s salad? during calculations, round to the first decimal place. round your final answer to the nearest whole percent.
To calculate the percent of kilocalories from fat in Bob's salad, we need to know the total kilocalories in the salad and the number of kilocalories from fat.
Let's assume that Bob's salad has 400 total kilocalories and 180 of those kilocalories come from fat. To find the percent of kilocalories from fat, we need to divide the number of kilocalories from fat by the total kilocalories and then multiply by 100. So, (180/400) x 100 = 45%. Therefore, the percent of kilocalories from fat in Bob's salad is 45%. We rounded the answer to the nearest whole percent as instructed.
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An investor is considering investing in the following two shares: Beta 1.4 Fortress PLC Castle PLC 0.5 (a) If the return on Treasury Bills is 5% and the market risk premium is 10%, what is the expected return of a portfolio made up of 40% Fortress shares and 60% Castle shares? (4 marks) (b) Explain Beta in the context of the CAPM and explain what the Betas for Fortress and Castle shares imply about those shares. (4 marks) (c) Shares in Empire PLC have a Beta of 0.9 and are estimated to have an expected return of 16%. Given the information in part (a), are Empire shares correctly priced according to the CAPM? Explain your answer and explain what is likely to happen to the shares in Empire PLC
(a) The expected return of the portfolio consisting of 40% Fortress shares and 60% Castle shares can be calculated as 7.6%.
(b) Beta is a measure of systematic risk in the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta greater than 1 indicates higher systematic risk compared to the overall market, while a beta less than 1 indicates lower systematic risk. Fortress shares with a beta of 1.4 imply higher systematic risk, while Castle shares with a beta of 0.5 imply lower systematic risk.
(c) Given the information in part (a), Empire shares with a beta of 0.9 and an expected return of 16% are incorrectly priced according to the CAPM. The expected return should be lower to reflect the lower systematic risk associated with the beta. It is likely that the shares in Empire PLC will experience a decrease in price to align with the CAPM.
(a) The expected return of a portfolio can be calculated using the weighted average of the expected returns of the individual assets in the portfolio. In this case, the expected return can be calculated as follows:
Expected Return = (Weight of Fortress * Expected Return of Fortress) + (Weight of Castle * Expected Return of Castle)
= (0.4 * Expected Return of Fortress) + (0.6 * Expected Return of Castle)
= (0.4 * (Risk-Free Rate + (Beta of Fortress * Market Risk Premium))) + (0.6 * (Risk-Free Rate + (Beta of Castle * Market Risk Premium)))
= (0.4 * (0.05 + (1.4 * 0.1))) + (0.6 * (0.05 + (0.5 * 0.1)))
≈ 0.076 or 7.6%
(b) Beta, in the context of the CAPM, measures the sensitivity of an asset's returns to the overall market returns. It represents the systematic risk of an asset, which cannot be diversified away. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the asset is expected to have higher volatility and higher systematic risk compared to the overall market. In this case, Fortress shares with a beta of 1.4 imply higher systematic risk. On the other hand, Castle shares with a beta of 0.5 imply lower systematic risk, indicating that they are expected to have lower volatility and lower sensitivity to market movements.
(c) According to the CAPM, the expected return of an asset is determined by its beta and the risk-free rate. In this case, Empire shares with a beta of 0.9 and an expected return of 16% are incorrectly priced according to the CAPM. The expected return should be lower to reflect the lower systematic risk associated with a beta of 0.9. This suggests that Empire shares are overpriced in the market. As a result, it is likely that the shares in Empire PLC will experience a decrease in price to align with the CAPM and reflect the appropriate expected return based on their systematic risk.
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Which rule affems that in the case of multiple assignments of the same right, the first party granted the assignment is the party correctly entitied to the contractual right?
a. The first assignment
b. The last mentin-some rule
c. The English rule
d. The French rule
e. The American rule
The rule that affirms that in the case of multiple assignments of the same right, the first party granted the assignment is the party correctly entitled to the contractual right is the "first assignment" rule.
In the context of contract law, the first assignment rule states that when there are multiple assignments of the same right, the first party to receive the assignment is the one who retains the contractual right. This means that if a right has been assigned to multiple parties, the party who received the assignment first will have priority over the others.
The rationale behind this rule is to provide certainty and avoid confusion in contractual relationships. By establishing a clear priority based on the order of assignments, it allows parties to rely on the initial assignment and prevents disputes over competing claims to the same right. This rule is commonly followed in many legal systems, including common law jurisdictions.
It's important to note that the terminology used to refer to this rule may vary in different jurisdictions. While it is often called the "first assignment" rule, it can also be known as the "first in time" rule or similar names. The purpose of the rule remains the same, to determine the priority of conflicting assignments based on the order in which they were made.
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Suppose you are the sole shareholder of a bank with deposits of $1,200,000 and assets of $1,000,000. There is no reserve requirement. Your liability in the bank is limited by law to your investment (if it fails, you needn't make up losses to depositors). You are risk neutral.
A. What is the net worth of the bank?
B. Suppose you may reinvest your assets into one but only one of the following projects before the examiners audit your books: Project A; pays a certain return of 7%. Project B; has a 50% chance of a 21% net return and a 50% chance of a -21% net return. Project C; has a 10% chance of doubling your assets and 90% chance of losing everthing. Rank the projects according to which will benefit you personally.
C. How would your ranking change if the assets of the bank were $1,200,000?
D. How would your ranking change if the assets of the bank were $2,000,000?
E. If you have the chance to abscond with $100,000 at the cost of losing ownership in the bank, would you do it? How does your answer depend on the net worth of the bank?
F. If banks are covered by governemnt deposit insurance, why should the government take an active role in closing down failed banks as soon as they can be discovered?
In this scenario, the net worth of the bank is negative, indicating financial vulnerability. Project A, with a certain return of 7%, is the most beneficial option in terms of personal gain.
A. The net worth of the bank is calculated as the difference between assets and liabilities:
Net Worth = Assets - Liabilities
In this case, the assets of the bank are $1,000,000, and there is no information provided about liabilities other than the shareholder's investment. Therefore, the net worth of the bank would be:
Net Worth = $1,000,000 - $1,200,000
= -$200,000
B. To rank the projects according to personal benefit, we need to consider the expected return and the associated risks.
Project A: It offers a certain return of 7%. The expected return is 7%.
Project B: It has a 50% chance of a 21% net return and a 50% chance of a -21% net return. The expected return can be calculated as:
Expected Return = (0.5 * 21%) + (0.5 * -21%)
= 0%
Considering the risk involved, this project has a higher potential return but also a higher chance of losses.
Project C: It has a 10% chance of doubling your assets and a 90% chance of losing everything. The expected return can be calculated as:
Expected Return = (0.1 * 100%) + (0.9 * -100%)
= -80%
Considering the risk involved, this project has a high chance of losing everything.
Ranking the projects based on personal benefit:
Project A: Certain return of 7%.
Project B: Risky, with an expected return of 0%.
Project C: Highly risky, with an expected return of -80%.
C. If the assets of the bank were $1,200,000, the ranking would remain the same because it doesn't affect the relative expected returns and risks of the projects.
D. If the assets of the bank were $2,000,000, the ranking would remain the same as well because the change in asset value doesn't alter the relative expected returns and risks of the projects.
E. Whether to abscond with $100,000 would depend on the net worth of the bank and the potential consequences. If the net worth of the bank is already negative (-$200,000 as mentioned earlier), absconding with $100,000 would further worsen the bank's financial situation.
However, if the net worth is positive, absconding with $100,000 would lead to a decrease in the shareholder's ownership in the bank. The decision would ultimately depend on the individual's assessment of the bank's future prospects and their personal risk appetite.
F. Even with government deposit insurance, it is important for the government to take an active role in closing down failed banks as soon as they can be discovered for several reasons:
To protect the overall stability of the financial system: The failure of one bank can have ripple effects on other banks and the economy as a whole. Swift intervention helps contain the impact and prevent a systemic crisis.
To safeguard depositors' interests: While deposit insurance provides a safety net, it is important to ensure that depositors can access their funds and maintain confidence in the banking system. Closing down failed banks ensures an orderly resolution and protects depositors' rights.
To minimize moral hazard: Allowing failed banks to continue operating without consequences may create moral hazard, where banks take excessive risks with the expectation of a government bailout. Prompt closure of failed banks sends a signal that there are consequences for mismanagement and encourages responsible behavior in the banking sector.
In summary, the government's active role in closing down failed banks helps maintain financial stability, protect depositors, and discourage risky behavior in the banking industry.
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Folkways manufacturers dolls with traditional dress from different areas of the Middle East. Since the company was founded 5 years ago, it has sourced the dolls' clothing from a small, family-owned tailoring company. Recently, the company was acquired by a larger clothing manufacturer and the prices for their doll clothes have tripled. What strategy might Folkways consider to avoid these increased costs? 0.5 marks) Forward Integration Backward Integration Horizontal Integration Market Penetration Market Development Product Development Unrelated Diversification Divestiture Innovation QUESTION 17 Pharmaco, a drug company, introduced a new ointment called Heat to the market a year ago. It is formulated to alleviate arthritis pain. Its target market is men and women over 50 with age-related aches and pains. This is a huge population but Heat is not selling well. What strategy might Pharmaco follow to increase its sales? Forward Integration Backward Integration Horizontal Integration Market Penetration Market Development Product Development Unrelated Diversification Divestiture Innovation
To avoid increased costs for doll clothes, Folkways may consider backward integration by bringing the doll clothing production in-house or finding alternative sources for cost-effective clothing. For Pharmaco to increase sales of its arthritis ointment Heat, it may consider market development by targeting new customer segments or product development by introducing variations of the ointment or packaging.
Folkways, faced with increased costs for doll clothes due to the acquisition by a larger clothing manufacturer, can consider backward integration. By bringing the production of doll clothing in-house or finding alternative suppliers with lower costs, Folkways can regain control over the supply chain and reduce expenses, thereby avoiding the impact of increased prices.
For Pharmaco, struggling with low sales of its arthritis ointment Heat, a potential strategy to increase sales could be market development. Pharmaco can explore new customer segments or geographical markets that could benefit from the product. By identifying and targeting specific subgroups within the population over 50 with age-related aches and pains, Pharmaco can expand its reach and potentially increase sales.
Another strategy Pharmaco could consider is product development. This involves introducing variations of the arthritis ointment Heat or exploring packaging options that appeal to the target market. By offering different strengths or formulations of the ointment, or packaging options that enhance convenience or user experience, Pharmaco can attract more customers and address their specific needs.
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A modern manufacturer of a variety of products is facing many challenges due to Covid- 19 and the backlash of the Russian/ Ukraine War. Their logistics flow (supply chain and distribution) includes significant purchases of raw materials and packaging products from international companies. The logistics function is the key competitive element in the market. The Company is seriously considering assuming full control of its inbound and outbound logistics functions which are presently handled by a third party. These logistic functions have a direct bearing upon the inventories, losses due to transit delays, transit time, service unreliability and terminal problems. The company however has to look into the cost implications of such changes and also cost implication due to a fragile global situation.
The Company has been the leader in the manufacturer market in Jamaica for several years.
Since the advent of globalization, the company entered a joint venture with a French company to expand its business in can foods. Despite the new joint venture, the company still continue the manufacturing of its products at the Industrial Terrace location in Kingston, near Greenwich Farm. The company has also invested in a new state of the art manufacturing plant in Miami, USA to compete with other market players. The company has planned to undertake the distribution of products made and packed in the plant in Kingston and maintain control over the design, quality, and service channel of its product.
Globalization has pushed the market to have grown and matured with higher expectations of the customers towards the features of the products for which technology and the design have improved considerably. All the competitors have equally good quality product in the market. Presently the area of logistics, inventory, distribution, customer service and satisfaction are the areas of prime focus in order to have extra value added to the product. Product defects due to its nature, terminal, inventory and transportation are now under increasing scrutiny.
The company should assume full control of its logistics functions
Is it advisable for the company to take control of its logistics functions?Assuming full control of its logistics functions is advisable for the company given the challenges posed by COVID-19 and the Russian/Ukraine War. By taking control of inbound and outbound logistics, the company can directly manage its supply chain and distribution, which are critical to its competitive advantage in the market.
The company is facing issues related to inventory, transit delays, transit time, service reliability, and terminal problems, all of which can be addressed more effectively through direct control. Furthermore, the fragile global situation necessitates greater oversight and agility, which can be achieved by internalizing logistics functions.
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Include your personal (3) examples that contributed their role in Humanistic school of thought.
write 400 words
donot copy paste write in own words
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Rollo May influenced Humanistic school.
Which individuals have contributed to the Humanistic school of thought?Carl Rogers was a prominent psychologist who emphasized the importance of the individual's subjective experience and self-actualization. His client-centered therapy approach, which focused on empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness, became a cornerstone of the Humanistic perspective. Rogers believed that individuals have an innate drive for growth and personal fulfillment, and he emphasized the role of a supportive and nonjudgmental therapeutic relationship in facilitating this process.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which posits that individuals have a set of hierarchical needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to higher-level needs for self-actualization. Maslow's theory shifted the focus from pathology to the study of healthy individuals and their motivations. His work emphasized the importance of self-actualization, the realization of one's full potential, as a central human motive. Maslow's ideas have greatly influenced the field of positive psychology and continue to shape humanistic approaches to understanding human behavior and motivation.
Rollo May, an existential psychologist, explored the concepts of freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning in human existence. May believed that individuals have the capacity to create their own meaning and are driven by their pursuit of authenticity and personal growth. He highlighted the existential anxiety that arises from the confrontation with life's ultimate questions and argued that individuals must confront and accept this anxiety to live authentically.
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#5 40 points Prepare the statement of cash flows in proper format. The worksheet is optional. Use it if it is helpful in preparing the actual statement of cash flows ADJUSTMENTS Debits STATEMENT OF CA
The statement of cash flows is divided into three main sections:
1. Cash flows from operating activities: This section reports the cash inflows and outflows resulting from the core operations of the business .
It includes cash received from customers, cash paid to suppliers and employees, and other operating cash flows. This section helps assess the cash-generating ability of the business's day-to-day operations.
2. Cash flows from investing activities: This section captures the cash flows related to investment activities, such as the purchase or sale of long-term assets, investments in other companies, or proceeds from the sale of investments. It helps evaluate the cash flows resulting from the company's investment decisions.
3. Cash flows from financing activities: This section includes cash flows related to financing the business, such as proceeds from borrowing or issuing debt, payments of dividends, or repurchase of company shares. It shows how the company has financed its operations and expansion.
Each section typically starts with the net income figure and makes adjustments for non-cash items and changes in working capital. The net cash flow from each section is then calculated by summing the cash inflows and outflows.
Finally, the net cash flow from each section is combined to calculate the overall change in cash and cash equivalents for the reporting period.
Please note that the specific presentation and formatting of the statement of cash flows may vary depending on the accounting standards and reporting requirements applicable to your jurisdiction. It's important to consult the relevant guidelines and regulations when preparing the statement of cash flows for a specific company or organization.
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FILL THE BLANK. ********** in situations of crisis, managers go along a feedback loop that covers O Making decisions, watching and studying the situation and taking-action O Studying then evaluating the condition taking-action, placing decisions and watching Taking-action, evaluating the condition, placing decisions, and controlingl Making decisions, analyzing the situation, studying the condition, controlling and taking action
By following this process, managers can effectively manage the crisis and minimize the damage caused by it. In conclusion, during a crisis, managers go along a feedback loop that covers making decisions, analyzing the situation, studying the condition, controlling, and taking action to manage the situation.
The feedback loop is an essential part of crisis management and is a recurring process in which the managers move through several stages to make sure that the crisis is handled effectively. During a crisis, managers need to make crucial decisions and act quickly to manage the situation. The feedback loop helps to ensure that the decisions made are based on accurate information and are effective in dealing with the situation. The feedback loop in situations of crisis covers four main stages, namely making decisions, analyzing the situation, studying the condition, controlling, and taking action. Managers first make decisions based on the information available at the time. Then they analyze the situation, which involves understanding the situation and gathering more information about it. After analyzing the situation, managers study the condition, which involves identifying the cause of the crisis and the possible consequences if no action is taken. After studying the condition, managers take control by placing decisions and taking actions to address the crisis. The feedback loop helps managers to stay on top of the crisis and make informed decisions based on the information available to them.
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D Question 14 2 pts Amafor ple's common stock is selling for £44 per share. It is expected to pay dividends of £2.50 next year, and dividends are expected to grow at a 10% annual rate. What is the cost of Amafor's common stock? O 14.65% O 15.68% 15.86% O 16.58% 14.56% 2 pts
The cost of amafor's common stock is approximately 15.68%.
to calculate the cost of amafor's common stock, we can use the dividend discount model (ddm). the ddm formula is as follows:
cost of common stock = dividend / stock price + growth rate
in this case, the dividend expected next year is £2.50, the stock price is £44, and the dividend is expected to grow at a 10% annual rate.
cost of common stock = £2.50 / £44 + 0.10cost of common stock = 0.0568 + 0.10
cost of common stock = 0.1568 or 15.68%
Amafor ple's common stock is selling for £44 per share. It is expected to pay dividends of £2.50 next year, and dividends are expected to grow at a 10% annual rate. What is the cost of Amafor's common stock
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The double-entry principle in the balance of payments How will the following transactions affect the U.S. balance of payments? Miguel, a U.S. resident, buys an HDTV set for $2,500 and sends it to Mexico as a gift to his parents. This transaction will appear as a credit in the account and as a debit in the account. Bill, a U.S. resident, pays $5,000 from his checking account held in the United States to buy shares of stock issued by a German company. account and as a debit in the This transaction will appear as a credit in the account. A U.S. computer manufacturer purchases hard disks from a Korean company, paying the funds from its bank account in Korea. This transaction will appear as a credit in the account. account and as a debit in the
The double-entry principle in the balance of payments ensures that every transaction is recorded as both a credit and a debit in different accounts. In the case of Miguel's gift, this transaction will appear as a credit in the current account, reflecting the exported goods, and as a debit in the capital account, as a financial outflow for the purchase of the HDTV.
When Bill buys shares of stock in a German company, the transaction will appear as a credit in the financial account, reflecting the inflow of capital from the foreign investment, and as a debit in the capital account, representing the outflow of funds from his U.S. checking account.
Finally, the U.S. computer manufacturer's purchase of hard disks from a Korean company will appear as a credit in the current account, reflecting the import of goods, and as a debit in the financial account, since the payment was made using the U.S. company's bank account in Korea.
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Calculate the total annual interest, total cost, and current yield for the bond. (Round the "Current yield" to the nearest tenth percent and other answers to the nearest whole dollar.)
To calculate the total annual interest, total cost, and current yield for a bond, one needs to know certain key variables such as face value, coupon rate, current market price and time to maturity.Using the given variables, we can calculate the total annual interest, total cost and current yield for a bond.
Let's consider an example to calculate the bond's total annual interest, total cost, and current yield.Suppose a bond has a face value of $1000 with a coupon rate of 5% that pays interest semiannually, a current market price of $970, and it will mature in 5 years. Here's how to calculate its total annual interest, total cost, and current yield.
Total Annual Interest: To calculate the annual interest, we first need to find the semi-annual interest, which can be calculated as: Semi-Annual Interest = Coupon Rate / 2 * Face ValueSemi-Annual Interest = 0.05 / 2 * $1000Semi-Annual Interest = $25Total Annual Interest = Semi-Annual Interest * Number of periods per yearTotal Annual Interest = $25 * 2.
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Managers seeking to motivate career development are likely to offer: O a. Fixed pay O b. Status-based rewards O c. Task performance pay O d. Seniority pay Oe. Competency-based rewards
Managers seeking to motivate career development are likely to offer competency-based rewards.
Competency-based rewards drive professional progress. Competency-based awards recognize and reward career-relevant skills, knowledge, and talents. These rewards require skill acquisition and display. Managers can help employees grow their careers by rewarding competency-based skills. This approach supports the idea that career development involves both job performance and the learning of valuable competencies for long-term success. Competency-based awards motivate and engage employees by providing a clear route to skill development and marketability.
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Governments may use microeconomic models to study the effects of a new tax on
A)
the prices consumers pay and the prices charged by producers
B)
the prices consumers pay.
C)
the money supply.
D)
the prices charged by producers.
Microeconomic models can be used by governments to study the effects of a new tax on both the prices consumers pay and the prices charged by producers. Thus, option A is correct.
Taxes can directly impact the prices of goods and services, affecting both consumers and producers in the market. When a new tax is imposed, it typically increases the costs for producers. Producers may choose to pass on some or all of the tax burden to consumers by increasing the prices of their goods or services. This can lead to higher prices for consumers. On the other hand, consumers may also bear some of the tax burden in the form of higher prices. The increased cost for producers may result in reduced supply or decreased production, which can lead to higher prices for consumers. By using microeconomic models, governments can analyze how changes in taxes affect the behavior of consumers and producers in the market.
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show out in work clear Klingon Widgets,Inc.purchased new cloaking machinery five years ago for $20 million The machinery can be sold to the Romulans today for $18 million.Klingon's current balance sheet shows net fixed assets of $15.5 million.current liabilities of $700.000.and net working capital of $226.000,If all the current assets and current liabilities were liquidated today.the company would receive $1.08 million cash What is the book value of Klingon's total assets today?(Enter your answer in dollars.not millions of dollars.e.g.1.234.567. What is the sum of the market value of NWC and the market value of fixed assets? (Do not round intermediate calculations.Enter your answer in dollars,not millions ofdollors.e.g.1,234.567. Book value of total assets Sum of the market value of NWC and market value of fixed assets
The book value of klingon's total assets today is $16. to calculate the book value of klingon's total assets today, we need to consider the net fixed assets, current assets, and net working capital.
book value of total assets = net fixed assets + net working capital
given information:
net fixed assets = $15.5 million
net working capital = current assets - current liabilities = $1.08 million
book value of total assets = $15.5 million + $1.08 million = $16.58 million 58 million.
to calculate the sum of the market value of nwc and the market value of fixed assets, we need to consider the market value of the machinery and the market value of current assets.
market value of nwc = market value of current assets - market value of current liabilities
given information:
market value of current assets = $1.08 million
market value of current liabilities = $700,000
market value of nwc = $1.08 million - $700,000 = $380,000
sum of the market value of nwc and market value of fixed assets = market value of nwc + market value of fixed assets
given information:
market value of fixed assets = $18 million (as the machinery can be sold for this amount)
sum of the market value of nwc and market value of fixed assets = $380,000 + $18 million = $18,380,000
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can you negate the Union's victory in the Civil War was
inevitable?
No, the Union's victory in the Civil War was not inevitable.
The outcome of the Civil War was uncertain and dependent on various factors. At the beginning of the war, the Confederacy had several advantages, including skilled military leaders and a strong sense of unity among their forces. Additionally, they had the advantage of fighting on their home turf, which provided them with familiarity and support from the local population.
However, the Union gradually gained momentum as the war progressed. They had greater resources, a larger population, and control over industrial and transportation networks. The Union's blockade of Confederate ports also weakened the Southern economy.
The outcome of the Civil War was influenced by strategic decisions, military tactics, leadership, and external factors. It required the determination and resilience of the Union forces to ultimately secure victory. Therefore, the Union's victory was not inevitable, but the result of complex circumstances and the culmination of the Union's efforts throughout the war.
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Instruction: Identify each activity in terms of the problem solving stage where it best
belongs. Write your answer on the blank provided before each item.
Problem Identification – Problem Analysis – Decision Making – Decision Implementation
__________1. Consider different approaches to solving the problem.
__________2. Adding details to the initial investigation, saying exactly what the problem is (and not just its symptoms).
__________3. Plan details of the implementation
__________4. Change operations to introduce new ways of doing things.
__________5. Compare solutions, looking at all aspects of their performance.
__________6. Monitor actual performance.
__________7. Identify the key variables and relationships between them.
__________8. Identify and agree the best overall solution.
__________9. Build a model of the problem and test its accuracy.
__________10. Analyze the results, making sure that they are accurate and consistent.
Sara Maquiling sells handcrafted yard decorations at county fairs. The variable cost to make these is $ 85 each, and he sells them for $ 120. The cost to rent a booth at the fair is $200.
Requirements:
a) Identify the parameters of the problem
b) Create the mathematical model that represents the problem
c) If Sara sells 250 units, what would be the profit?
d) How many units must Sara sell to breakeven?
no hand writing
The activities can be classified into different problem-solving stages as follows: Consider different approaches to solving the problem. This activity involves exploring various options or strategies to address the problem, which falls under the Decision Making stage.
Adding details to the initial investigation, saying exactly what the problem is. This activity relates to clearly defining and specifying the problem, which falls under the Problem Identification stage. Plan details of the implementation. This activity involves developing a plan for executing the chosen solution, which falls under the Decision Implementation stage.
Change operations to introduce new ways of doing things. This activity is about implementing changes to the existing processes or operations, which also falls under the Decision Implementation stage. Compare solutions, looking at all aspects of their performance. This activity involves evaluating different solutions and assessing their effectiveness, which falls under the Decision Making stage.
Monitor actual performance. This activity focuses on tracking and assessing the real-time performance of the implemented solution, which falls under the Decision Implementation stage. Identify the key variables and relationships between them. This activity involves analyzing the factors and relationships relevant to the problem, which falls under the Problem Analysis stage.
Identify and agree the best overall solution. This activity pertains to selecting the most suitable solution among the available options, which falls under the Decision Making stage. Build a model of the problem and test its accuracy. This activity involves constructing a model or representation of the problem and validating its accuracy, which falls under the Problem Analysis stage.
Analyze the results, making sure that they are accurate and consistent. This activity focuses on reviewing and verifying the obtained results to ensure their accuracy and consistency, which falls under the Problem Analysis stage. By identifying the activities in terms of their corresponding problem-solving stages, we can better understand the sequence and nature of the problem-solving process.
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Question 2 Alpha and Beta are in partnership sharing profits and losses 5:3. Under the terms of the partner- ship agreement, the partners are entitled to interest on capital at 6 per cent per annum and Alpha is entitled to a salary of £4,000 and Beta £3,500. Interest is charged on drawings and the amounts of interest are given below. No interest is charged or allowed on current account balances. The partners' capitals at 1 December 2020 were: Alpha £50,000 and Beta £80,000. The net trading profit of the firm before dealing with partners' interest or salaries for the year ended 30 November 2021 was £40,000. Interest on drawings for the year amounted to Alpha £800, Beta £600. At 1 December 2020, there was a credit balance of £2,000 on B's current account, while Alpha's current account balance was a debit of £1,000. Drawings for the year to 30 June 2020 amounted to £15,000 for Alpha and £18,000 for Beta. Required: a. Prepare, for the year to 30 November 2021 the profit and loss appropriation account. (10 Marks) b. Prepare, for the year to 30 November 2021 the partners' current accounts. (7 Marks) c. Why do many partnerships take account of 'interest on capital' and 'interest on drawings'? (3 Marks) d. Alpha's beginning current account had a debit balance. What does this signify? (2Marks) e. List three characteristics and restrictions that limited partners have on their role in the partnership (3 Marks)
Profit and Loss Appropriation Account for the year to 30 November 2021 Particulars Amount Particulars Amount Profit and Loss Account 40,000 Interest on Capital: Alpha 50,000 × 6% £3,000 Beta 80,000 × 6%£4,800 Total Interest£7,800 Less Salary:Alpha£4,000 Beta£3,500 Total Salary£7,500 Net Profit (Balancing figure)£24,700£32,200 B/f to Partners' Current Account (5:3)£19,320£12,880 Note: The interest on drawings is not considered since the drawings are lesser than the interest on capital.
Partners' Current Account as at 30 November 2021 Alpha Beta Alpha Beta ££££ To Balance b/d 1,0002,000 By Balance b/d(1,000)(2,000)To Interest on Capital 3,0004,800 To Share of profit (5/8 x 24,700)15,4389,262 To Salary 4,0003,500 To Drawings (15,000) (18,000)By B/f from Profit and Loss Appropriation Account 19,32012,880 By Interest on Drawings (800) (600)To Balance c/d 23,95813,74224,95814,74223,95813,742 Note: Interest on current account balances is not considered.
Many partnerships take account of 'interest on capital' and 'interest on drawings' since it helps in the following ways:Interest on Capital: It is paid by the firm to the partners on the capital invested by them. It helps to induce the partners to invest more capital in the business. It also helps the firm to get additional funds without raising the interest-bearing debt. The partners get a fixed return on their investment in the firm.Interest on Drawings: When a partner withdraws more than his/her share of profits, it is considered as 'drawings.' Interest is charged on drawings since it helps to discourage the partners from withdrawing more than their share of profits. It also helps to compensate the firm for the loss of funds. If interest on drawings is not charged, the firm will be deprived of the use of these funds and hence will not be able to earn any return from them.
Alpha's beginning current account had a debit balance of £1,000. This signifies that Alpha withdrew more than his share of profits or drew against his/her capital account. Since interest is not charged or allowed on current account balances, Alpha is not liable to pay any interest on the debit balance. The amount will be shown as a negative figure in Alpha's current account.
The characteristics and restrictions of limited partners are as follows:Characteristics: They are passive investors who provide capital to the partnership and share profits and losses. They do not participate in the day-to-day management of the partnership. Their liability is limited to the extent of their capital contribution. They cannot withdraw their capital during the life of the partnership.Restrictions: They cannot bind the partnership or act on behalf of the partnership. They cannot be a part of the general partnership agreement. If they become involved in the management of the partnership, they lose their limited liability protection. They are not entitled to participate in the management of the partnership.
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The cost to process the receipt of inventory comes
under the ambit of inventory holding cost
1/True
2/False
False. The cost to process the receipt of inventory does not fall under the category of inventory holding cost. Inventory holding costs are the costs associated with storing and maintaining inventory over a certain period of time. These costs typically include expenses such as warehousing, insurance, obsolescence, and financing.
On the other hand, the cost to process the receipt of inventory is known as ordering or procurement cost. It includes expenses incurred in placing orders, receiving shipments, inspecting and counting inventory, and updating records. These costs are related to the activities involved in acquiring and preparing inventory for storage, rather than the ongoing holding and maintenance of inventory.
While both inventory holding costs and procurement costs are important factors in managing inventory, they represent distinct cost categories with different cost drivers and implications. It is essential for businesses to consider both types of costs when evaluating their overall inventory management strategy and optimizing their inventory levels and ordering processes.
In conclusion, the cost to process the receipt of inventory is not considered as part of the inventory holding cost.
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It is about : Human Resources Management
Question:
Dragon Community College has recruited two new administrative assistants for coordinating students’ career development activities. Alton, the senior administrative manager will deliver a 3-hour orientation for them. Suggest and briefly explain THREE major activities that Alton could include in the orientation.
Alton, the senior administrative manager at Dragon Community College, will deliver a 3-hour orientation for two new administrative assistants to coordinate students' career development activities.
The first and most important activity is to explain the roles and responsibilities of administrative assistants in coordinating students' career development activities. They will learn about the resources available to students, including job fairs, internship opportunities, and career counseling. The new administrative assistants should have a clear understanding of what is expected of them in their roles, including their job duties, and the expectations and standards for their performance. They must know the mission of the institution, its vision, and values, and the administrative policies and procedures. Another essential activity for the orientation is to review the policies and procedures that govern the work of the administrative assistants. This will include the protocols for managing the data of the students, policies for the use of equipment and facilities, scheduling, and the college's ethical standards and code of conduct. The administrative assistants must understand the importance of confidentiality and data protection to the institution, its reputation and its stakeholders.
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The Gateway Company’s physical inventory at 12/31 was $10,000.
In addition, two in-transit items existed:
A $350 item purchased from a vendor; FOB Shipping
A $200 item sold to a customer; FOB Shipp
It seems that the information provided is incomplete. Could you please provide
the missing information regarding the in-transit items? Specifically, we need to know the FOB terms (FOB Shipping Point or FOB Destination) for both the purchase and sale transactions. Additionally, if there is any other relevant information regarding the in-transit items, please provide that as well. This will help in determining the appropriate treatment for these items in the context of Gateway Company's physical inventory.
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SB Ltd's preference shares are selling for $38 each and pay a
$4.15 annual dividend.
(a) What is the expected rate of return on a SB Ltd. preference
share?
(b) If an investor's required rate of return
(a) The expected rate of return on a SB Ltd. preference share is 10.92%.
(b) If an investor's required rate of return is higher than the expected rate of return, they may not be willing to invest in the SB Ltd. preference shares. If their required rate of return is lower than the expected rate of return, they may see the investment as attractive.
(a) The expected rate of return on a SB Ltd. preference share can be calculated using the formula:
Expected Rate of Return = (Annual Dividend / Price per Share) * 100%
In this case, the annual dividend is $4.15 and the price per share is $38. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
Expected Rate of Return = ($4.15 / $38) * 100% = 10.92%
Therefore, the expected rate of return on a SB Ltd. preference share is 10.92%.
(b) If an investor's required rate of return is higher than the expected rate of return, they may not be willing to invest in the SB Ltd. preference shares. If their required rate of return is lower than the expected rate of return, they may see the investment as attractive.
For example, if an investor's required rate of return is 12%, which is higher than the expected rate of return of 10.92%, they may not be willing to invest in the SB Ltd. preference shares as they would not receive the return they require. On the other hand, if their required rate of return is 9%, which is lower than the expected rate of return, they may see the investment as attractive as it offers a return that meets or exceeds their expectations.
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sue+now+has+$320.+how+much+would+she+have+after+8+years+if+she+leaves+it+invested+at+8.5%+with+annual+compounding?
After 8 years, Sue would have approximately $651.54 if she leaves $320 invested at 8.5% with annual compounding.
Sue has $320 now. If she leaves it invested at 8.5% with annual compounding, how much would she have after 8 years? By using the formula: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where: A = the amount of money accumulated after n years, including interest P = the principal amount (the initial investment)R = the annual interest rate (decimal)N = the number of times that interest is compounded per year T = the number of years, we can solve the above problem. Let's plug in the values we know and solve for A;P = $320R = 8.5% = 0.085N = 1 (as interest is compounded annually)T = 8 years So, A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)= $320(1 + 0.085/1)^(1*8)= $320(1.085)^8≈ $651.54. Therefore, after 8 years, Sue would have approximately $651.54 if she leaves $320 invested at 8.5% with annual compounding.
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The required amount is $705.36
Sue has $320 right now. She needs to calculate how much money she would have after 8 years if she leaves it invested at 8.5% with annual compounding.Using the formula for compound interest:FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(n*t)where:PV = present value = $320r = interest rate = 8.5% = 0.085n = number of times compounded in a year = 1t = time period in years = 8FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(n*t)FV = 320(1 + 0.085/1)^(1*8)FV = 320(1.085)^8FV = 320(2.158924245)FV = $690.86Therefore, the amount that Sue would have after 8 years if she leaves it invested at 8.5% with annual compounding is $690.86.We need to round the answer to two decimal places.The rounded amount would be $705.36. Hence the main answer is $705.36.The explanation is that Sue has $320 now. The formula for compound interest is used to calculate how much money she would have after 8 years if she leaves it invested at 8.5% with annual compounding. FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(n*t) is the formula. The present value is $320, the interest rate is 8.5% = 0.085, the number of times compounded in a year is 1, and the time period in years is 8.
The amount that Sue would have after 8 years if she leaves it invested at 8.5% with annual compounding is $690.86. The rounded amount is $705.36.
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describe how adding a risk-free security to modern portfolio theory allows investors to do better than the efficient frontier.
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is a way of determining the most profitable and efficient allocation of assets in a diversified portfolio.
The efficient frontier is a line that represents the best possible return for a given level of risk. This line is created by plotting all possible combinations of assets and choosing the one that provides the highest return for the lowest level of risk.However, it is important to note that the efficient frontier is based on historical data, which does not guarantee future performance. Additionally, it assumes that all investments carry some level of risk, which may not be suitable for all investors.
Adding a risk-free security to the portfolio can actually improve returns and reduce risk, allowing investors to achieve better results than the efficient frontier. A risk-free security is an investment that has no risk of default, such as government bonds.
By adding a risk-free asset to the portfolio, investors can reduce the overall level of risk in the portfolio, which can lead to higher returns and lower volatility.
Additionally, a risk-free security provides a baseline return that can be used to calculate the risk premium for other investments. This can help investors to identify the best possible return for a given level of risk and adjust their portfolios accordingly.
Overall, the addition of a risk-free security to modern portfolio theory can help investors achieve better results than the efficient frontier by reducing risk and increasing returns.
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Identify and compare 2 alternatives of electronic commerce
software choices for the development of an ecommerce website.
Two popular alternatives for electronic commerce software choices for the development of an e-commerce website are WooCommerce and Shopify. Let's compare them based on various factors:
Ease of Use:
WooCommerce: It is an open-source plugin for WordPress, which means it requires some technical knowledge to set up and customize. However, it offers a user-friendly interface for managing products and orders.Shopify: It is a fully hosted platform that provides an intuitive and beginner-friendly interface. Setting up an online store and managing products is relatively easy, even for non-technical users.Customization:
WooCommerce: It offers extensive customization options as it integrates with WordPress, allowing users to modify the website's design and functionality using themes and plugins. It provides greater flexibility for advanced customization.Shopify: While Shopify offers customization options through themes and an app store, it has limitations compared to WooCommerce. Users can customize the website's design and functionality, but the level of customization is not as extensive.Scalability:
WooCommerce: As an open-source platform, WooCommerce can handle large product catalogs and high website traffic. It can be scaled up easily by optimizing hosting resources and using caching plugins. However, it requires more technical expertise to ensure optimal performance.Shopify: Shopify is a highly scalable platform that can handle significant traffic and large inventories without requiring much technical knowledge. It provides reliable hosting and infrastructure, ensuring a smooth shopping experience for customers.Learn more about e-commerce here : brainly.com/question/31073911
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Question 4 (30 marks/ 3 marks each) 1. Explain the circumstances in which GST is charged and ITCs are available. 2. What is the purpose of a "scheme' for the purposes of Pt IVA. Why is this concept important? 3. Can trust losses be distributed to the beneficiaries of a trust estate? 4. Outline the basic legislative scheme for taxing trust estates. 5. How are capital gains and losses relating to partnership assets dealt with? 6. What is the objective of the imputation system? How does it achieve this objective? 7. Why is it important to distinguish between the tax free component' and the taxable component of a superannuation benefit? 8. Discuss the various tests developed by the courts for distinguishing between revenue and capital losses and outgoings. 9. Discuss the policy reasons for exempting certain entities from income taxes. 10. Explain the differences between taxable income, ordinary income and statuary income. What kinds of ordinary income and statuary income do not constitute assessable income?
1. The circumstances in which GST is charged and ITCs are available In Australia, the GST is a broad-based consumption tax of 10% imposed on most of the goods and services transactions that are taxed. GST is normally levied on the supply of goods and services imported goods, and the provision of services.
As a result, GST is charged when a business is supplying goods or services. However, the imposition of the GST on a good or service's supply is contingent on the item's availability for the purposes of business. The GST may also be charged on other goods or services that are sold to or imported by a business in the course of carrying on its activities. Additionally, an ITC can be claimed for most of the GST paid or payable on purchases related to a business's income-generating activities.2. The purpose of a "scheme" for the purposes of Pt IVA. The purpose of a scheme is to circumvent the tax laws in a way that is not appropriate for legal or commercial reasons. Part IVA of the ITAA is the general anti-avoidance provision that the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) may apply if a scheme is used to avoid paying tax. This part aims to prevent a taxpayer from taking advantage of the tax laws' literal interpretation by taxing arrangements that, although within the letter of the law, are outside its spirit. Part IVA aims to prevent the use of schemes that are designed to avoid or minimise taxes that would otherwise be paid. The purpose of Part IVA is to give the Commissioner of Taxation power to nullify tax avoidance schemes that are implemented in a manner that is not in accordance with the tax laws'.
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the greater the amount of price discrimination a monopolist engages in relative to a single price monopoly, the
The greater the amount of price discrimination a monopolist engages in relative to a single price monopoly, the more of the monopoly surplus it is able to appropriate. This statement is true.
Monopoly surplus: The difference between what consumers would have been able to pay for a product and what they were willing to pay. It is defined as the area between the market demand curve and the marginal cost curve of the product, bounded by the price line. Monopoly surplus represents the monopoly's benefit from market power. The monopolist is able to set a higher price for the product than the marginal cost of producing it by restricting competition and influencing the market. Single-price monopolist: A monopolist who sells all units of output at the same price to all consumers.
The greater the amount of price discrimination a monopolist engages in relative to a single-price monopoly, the more of the monopoly surplus it is able to appropriate. Monopoly surplus represents the difference between what consumers would have been willing to pay for a product and what they actually pay. A single-price monopolist who sells all units of output at the same price to all consumers sells less output and charges a higher price than would be the case if it could price-discriminate. Price discrimination is the practice of charging different prices to different consumers for the same good or service. A monopolist can charge different prices to different consumers in a multi-price monopoly. By dividing consumers into separate groups based on their willingness to pay for a good or service, the monopolist is able to increase the price charged to the group with the higher willingness to pay.
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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Delph Company uses a job-order costing system and has two manufacturing departments-Molding and Fabrication. The company provided the following estimates at the beginning of the year: Molding 24,000 Machine-hours Fabrication 33,000 Total 57,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead cost $ 800,000 $ 3.00 Variable manufacturing overhead cost per machine-hour $ 220,000 $ 2.00 $ 1,020,000 During the year, the company had no beginning or ending inventories and it started, completed, and sold only two jobs- Job D-70 and Job C-200, It provided the following information related to those two jobs: Job D-70 Total Direct materials cost Direct labor cost Machine-hours Molding $ 370,000 $ 240,000 16,000 Fabrication $ 320,000 $ 160,000 $ 690,000 $ 400,000 24,000 8,000 Job C-200 Molding $ 300,000 Direct materials cost Direct labor cost Machine-hours Fabrication $ 260,000 $ 260,000 25,000 $ 160,000 8,000 Total $ 560,000 $ 420,000 33,000 Delph had no underapplied or overapplied manufacturing overhead during the year. 2. Assume Delph chooses to combine its departmental rates from requirement 1 into a plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. a. Compute the plantwide predetermined overhead rate. b. Compute the total manufacturing cost assigned to Job D-70 and Job C-200 c. If Delph establishes bid prices that are 150% of total manufacturing costs, what bid prices would it have established for Job D-70 and Job C-200? d. What is Delph's cost of goods sold for the year? Required 2A Required 28 Required 2C Required 2D Assume Delph chooses to combine its departmental rates from requirement 1 into a plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. Compute the plantwide predetermined overhead rate. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Predetermined overhead rate per MH Required 2A Requited 28 Required 2C Required 2D Assume Delph chooses to combine its departmental rates from requirement 1 Into a plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. Compute the total manufacturing cost assigned to Job D-70 and Job C-200. (Round your Intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.) Total manufacturing cost Job D-70 Job C-200 Required 2A Required 28 Required 2C Required 2D Assume Delph chooses to combine its departmental rates from requirement 1 Into a plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. If Delph establishes bid prices that are 150% of total manufacturing costs, what bid prices would it have established for Job D-70 and Job C-200? (Round your Intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.) Bid price Job D-70 Job C-200 Required 2A Required 28 Required 2C Required 2D Assume Delph chooses to combine its departmental rates from requirement 1 into a plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. What is Delph's cost of goods sold for the year? (Round your Intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.) Cost of goods sold
To calculate the plantwide predetermined overhead rate, total manufacturing cost assigned to Job D-70 and Job C-200, bid prices for the jobs, and the cost of goods sold for the year, Delph Company combines its departmental rates into a plantwide rate based on machine hours.
a. To compute the plantwide predetermined overhead rate, add the fixed manufacturing overhead costs of both departments and the variable manufacturing overhead costs per machine-hour of both departments. Then divide the total manufacturing overhead cost by the total estimated machine-hours of both departments. In this case:
Total manufacturing overhead cost = $1,020,000
Total estimated machine-hours = 57,000
Plantwide predetermined overhead rate per machine-hour = Total manufacturing overhead cost / Total estimated machine-hours
Plantwide predetermined overhead rate per machine-hour = $1,020,000 / 57,000
b. To calculate the total manufacturing cost assigned to each job, multiply the machine hours of each department for the job by the plantwide predetermined overhead rate per machine hour. Then add the direct materials cost and direct labor cost for each job. For Job D-70:
Total manufacturing cost for Job D-70 (Molding) = Machine-hours (Molding) × Plantwide predetermined overhead rate per machine-hour + Direct materials cost + Direct labor cost
Total manufacturing cost for Job D-70 (Molding) = 16,000 × (Plantwide predetermined overhead rate per machine-hour for Molding) + $370,000 + $240,000
Perform similar calculations for Job D-70 (Fabrication), Job C-200 (Molding), and Job C-200 (Fabrication).
c. To determine the bid prices for each job, multiply the total manufacturing costs for the jobs by 150%.
Bid price for Job D-70 = Total manufacturing cost for Job D-70 × 150%
Bid price for Job C-200 = Total manufacturing cost for Job C-200 × 150%
d. The cost of goods sold for the year is the sum of the total manufacturing costs for all completed jobs.
Cost of goods sold = Total manufacturing cost for Job D-70 + Total manufacturing cost for Job C-200
By following these calculations, the required values for the plantwide predetermined overhead rate, total manufacturing costs assigned to the jobs, bid prices, and cost of goods sold can be determined based on the provided information.
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Which of the following economic theories best explains how capitalists keep a disproportionate amount of the profits generated by workers? [B] the invisible hand [A] comparative advantage [C] surplus labour value [D] the reserve army of the unemployed
The economic theory that best explains how capitalists keep a disproportionate amount of the profits generated by workers is the concept of surplus labor value. The correct option is c.
The theory of surplus labor value, also known as the labor theory of value, argues that capitalists extract surplus value from workers by paying them less than the value they produce. According to this theory, the value of a product is determined by the amount of socially necessary labor time required to produce it. Workers, who sell their labor power to capitalists, create more value through their labor than they receive in wages. The difference between the value created by workers and the wages they are paid is the surplus value, which is captured by capitalists as profit. This allows capitalists to accumulate wealth and maintain control over a disproportionate share of the profits.
The other options mentioned - the invisible hand, comparative advantage, and the reserve army of the unemployed - do not directly explain the disproportionate distribution of profits. The invisible hand refers to the idea that market forces, such as supply and demand, guide economic activity towards efficiency and benefit society as a whole. Comparative advantage explains how countries specialize in producing goods or services in which they have a lower opportunity cost, leading to gains from trade. The concept of the reserve army of the unemployed suggests that a surplus of available workers keeps wages low, but it does not directly address the disproportionate distribution of profits. Therefore, the theory of surplus labor value best explains how capitalists keep a disproportionate amount of the profits generated by workers.
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