Solution:Given data:Face value of bond = $1,000Coupon rate = 8%Price of bond at the time of purchase = $910Price of bond at the end of year = $950Price of ABC share at the time of purchase = $81Price of ABC share after one year = $89Dividend on ABC share = $2.50. the answers are:A) Total dollar return on the bond over the past year = $122.50B) Total nominal return on the bond over the past year = 13.46%C) Total real rate of return on the bond = 7.77%D) Total percentage return on the ABC share = 12.35%E) Dividend yield on the ABC share = 3.09%F) Capital gain yield on the ABC share = 9.88%.
A) Total dollar return on the bond over the past year Coupon rate on bond = 8%Face value of bond = $1,000Coupon payment on bond = 8% of $1,000 = $80Price of bond at the time of purchase = $910Price of bond at the end of year = $950Total interest earned on bond over the year = Coupon payment + Capital gain = $80 + ($950 - $910) = $120Total dollar return on bond over the past year = Total interest earned + Dividend earned on ABC share = $120 + $2.5 = $122.50
B) Total nominal return on the bond over the past year Nominal rate of return on bond = Total dollar return / Price of bond at the beginning of the year = $122.50 / $910 = 0.1346 or 13.46%
C) Total real rate of return on the bond Real rate of return on bond = (1 + Nominal rate of return) / (1 + Inflation rate) - 1Nominal rate of return on bond = 13.46%Inflation rate = 5%Real rate of return on bond = (1 + 13.46%) / (1 + 5%) - 1 = 7.77%
D) Total percentage return on the ABC share Percentage return on ABC share = (Price at the end of year - Price at the beginning of the year + Dividend) / Price at the beginning of the year * 100= ($89 - $81 + $2.5) / $81 * 100 = 12.35%
E) Dividend yield on the ABC share Dividend yield on ABC share = Dividend / Price of ABC share at the beginning of the year * 100= $2.5 / $81 * 100 = 3.09%
F) Capital gain yield on the ABC share Capital gain yield on ABC share = (Price of ABC share at the end of year - Price of ABC share at the beginning of the year) / Price of ABC share at the beginning of the year * 100= ($89 - $81) / $81 * 100 = 9.88%.
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Arsenalo plc. has just issued level coupon bonds on the market with 7.5 years to maturity and a yield to maturity (YTM) of 12%, and at a current fair market price of £950. The bonds make quarterly payments. What must be the coupon rate on these bonds? Face value of these bonds is £1,000.
Given Data:Face value of bonds, FV = £1,000
Market price of bonds, P = £950
Maturity time, t = 7.5 years
Yield to maturity, YTM = 12% = 0.12Coupon rate on the bonds is to be calculated.
Bond is making quarterly payments, so the payment frequency is, n = 4 periods per year.
As the bond is selling at a discount, it means the market yield is higher than the coupon rate, so the required rate of return is more than 12%. We will use the following formula to find the coupon rate of the bond:
Where,B = Coupon payment
FV = Face value of bond
P = Market price of bondt = Maturity time
i = Required rate of return
n = Number of payment periods per year
Substituting the values in the formula and solving for B, we get:
Let us use the formula of annuity to calculate the value of coupon payment, which is the same throughout the life of the bond.Where, PVIF
A = Present Value Interest Factor of Annuity
i = Required rate of returnn = Number of payment periods per year
t = Maturity timeUsing the values, we have:
Putting the value of B in equation (1), we get:
Hence, the required coupon rate on these bonds is 14.22% per year.
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Explain about how you would develop a business around imports from Angola to Canada. It consist of two sections that describe a different aspect of that country's economy and politics. These matters are all relevant in any decision to do business in another country.
Q.1. The Political Environment
How is the exporting country (Angola) governed? What are the most powerful political movements and parties? What political problems and conflicts in the country? How might those conflicts benefit or harm your importing business? What environmental issues in the exporting country may cause you problems?
Q.2. Reliability
What problems of corruption exist in your exporting country (Angola)? What dangers could such corruption cause for your business? If your exporting country is not especially corrupt, describe what other difficulties local government or business groups may still cause your business?
Tips- Transparency International is a non-governmental organization which tracks reports of state corruption and compiles a regular report, the Corruption Perception Index. This is an excellent source of information. Find other non-governmental organizations, including those associated with the United Nations, that can provide trustworthy economic and political information
The development of a business around imports from Angola to Canada requires understanding of the country’s political and economic landscape, so that you can minimize your risks and maximize your benefits. Angola is governed by a presidential republic system, with a president who serves as the head of state and government.
The most powerful political movement is MPLA and it has dominated the government since 1975. Political problems include human rights issues,
suppression of opposition groups, and corruption. The government’s crackdown on opposition groups could create some problems for your business, especially if your company is perceived to have a political agenda. Corruption is also a serious problem in Angola, and according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index, Angola ranks 165 out of 180 countries.
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A copy of the signed contract is delivered to the purchaser
A salesperson obtains a written offer to purchase a home that she has listed for sale. The seller accepts the offer and the salesperson promptly telephones the purchaser to notify him of the acceptance. Because the purchaser lives in another state, the salesperson informs him that she will fax a copy of the contract tomorrow. When salesperson has an enforceable contract when
The salesperson has an enforceable contract when the signed contract is delivered to the purchaser.
In the scenario, a salesperson obtains a written offer to purchase a home that she has listed for sale. The seller accepts the offer and the salesperson notifies the purchaser of the acceptance. However, the salesperson has an enforceable contract when the signed contract is delivered to the purchaser.
In other words, the salesperson notifying the purchaser of the acceptance and faxing the copy of the contract does not create an enforceable contract. It is only when the signed contract is delivered to the purchaser that the contract becomes enforceable.
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green power company is considering buying a new machine that will last for 11 years. the machine cost 137,416 dollars today. maintenance expenses will be 39,511 dollars the first year, and will increase by 7,276 dollars every year afterward (e.g. maintenance at the end of year two is equal to 39,511 plus 7,276 dollars). the interest rate is 8% per year, compounded annually. what is the net present value (npv) of this machine? assume all maintenance expenses occur at the end of every year. (note: round your answer to two decimal places; do not include spaces or dollar signs.)
The net present value (NPV) of this machine is approximately -$196,594.72.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount the cash flows (cost and maintenance expenses) to their present value and subtract the initial cost. Here's the revised calculation:
Present Value of the Machine's Cost:
The initial cost of the machine is $137,416.
[tex]PV(machine cost) = $137,416 / (1 + 0.08)^0\\= $137,416.[/tex]
Present Value of the Maintenance Expenses:
The maintenance expenses in the first year are $39,511, and they increase by $7,276 every subsequent year. We need to find the present value of these expenses over the 11-year period.
[tex]PV(maintenance \ expenses) = $39,511 / (1 + 0.08)^1 + ($39,511 + $7,276) / (1 + 0.08)^2 + ... + ($39,511 + $7,276 * 10) / (1 + 0.08)^{11}[/tex]
Calculating the sum of the series using the formula for the sum of a geometric series, we find:
[tex]PV(maintenance \ expenses) = $39,511 * (1 - (1 + 0.08)^{-11}) / (0.08) + $7,276 * ((1 - (1 + 0.08)^{-11}) / (0.08))\\= $334,010.72[/tex]
Net Present Value (NPV):
The NPV is calculated by subtracting the present value of the machine's cost from the present value of the maintenance expenses:
NPV = PV(machine cost) - PV(maintenance expenses)
NPV = $137,416 - $334,010.72
NPV = -$196,594.72.
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of this machine is approximately -$196,594.72.
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Cullumber Company is considering a capital investment of $216,200 in additional productive facilities. The new machinery is expected to have a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Depreciation is by the straight-line method. During the life of the investment, annual net income and net annual cash flows are expected to be $10,810 and $47,000, respectively. Cullumber has a 12% cost of capital rate, which is the required rate of retum on the investment. Click here to view PV table. (a) Compute the cash payback period. (Round answer to 1 decimal place, e.g. 10.5.) Cash payback period years Compute the annual rate of return on the proposed capital expenditure. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, eg. 10.52\%.) Annual rate of return % (b) Using the discounted cash flow technique, compute the net present value. (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. −45 or parentheses eg. (45). Round answer for present value to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) Net present value TABLE 1 Future Value of 1 TABLE 2 Future Value of an Annuity of 1 TABLE 3 Present Value of 1 \begin{tabular}{cccccccccccc} (n) & & & & & & & & & & \\ Periods & 4% & 5% & 6% & 7% & 8% & 9% & 10% & 11% & 12% & 15% \\ \hline 1 & .96154 & .95238 & .94340 & .93458 & .92593 & .91743 & .90909 & .90090 & .89286 & .86957 \\ \hline 2 & .92456 & .90703 & .89000 & .87344 & .85734 & .84168 & .82645 & .81162 & .79719 & .75614 \\ \hline 3 & .88900 & .86384 & .83962 & .81630 & .79383 & .77218 & .75132 & .73119 & .71178 & .65752 \\ \hline 4 & .8440 & .82270 & .79209 & .76290 & .73503 & .70843 & .68301 & .65873 & .63552 & .57175 \\ \hline 5 & .82193 & .78353 & .74726 & .71299 & .68058 & .64993 & .62092 & .59345 & .56743 & .49718 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Present Value of an Annuity of 1
The answer is, Cash payback period is 4.6 years and Net present value is $-758.76.
How to find?To calculate cash payback period, first, calculate the net cash inflows for each year and then the net initial investment. Then, divide the net investment by the average annual net cash inflows to get the cash payback period.
Calculation of annual rate of return:
Annual rate of return is the percentage of return that an investment generates per year. The formula for the annual rate of return is:
Annual rate of return = (average annual net cash inflows / initial investment) * 100.
Using the formula, we get:
Annual rate of return = (47,000 / 216,200) * 100
= 21.74%
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. It is used to evaluate investment opportunities or projects.
Using the discounted cash flow technique, the net present value can be calculated as follows:
Year
Annual Cash Flows
Discount Factor at 12%
Discounted Cash Flows
0-216,2001.0000-216,200147,0000.8928
=131,0762-216,2000.7972
=-172,2233-216,2000.7120
=-154,2644-216,2000.6366
=-137,5875-216,2000.5674
=-122,794
Net present value = $-758.76 (Negative)
Therefore, the answers are:
(a) Cash payback period = 4.6 years(rounded to 1 decimal place)
Annual rate of return = 21.74%(rounded to 2 decimal places)
(b) Net present value = $-758.76 (Negative)
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What is the risk if a US corporation takes out a five year fixed rate loan in a low interest foreign currency and turns it into US$ without hedging?
• If the foreign currency strengthens too much.
• If the foreign currency weakens too much.
• If the foreign currency interest rates go much higher.
• If the US dollar strengthens by more than the interest rate differential.
A US corporation taking out a five-year fixed rate loan in a low-interest foreign currency and converting it into US dollars without hedging is subjected to certain risks.
These risks include:If the foreign currency strengthens too much, the US corporation would incur huge losses. This is because they have to pay back the loan in foreign currency which would now cost more dollars. For instance, suppose a US corporation borrows 1000 units of foreign currency at a fixed rate of 1%. In this case, the corporation would have to pay back 1010 dollars after a year.
Hence, it is important to monitor the interest rates in the foreign currency market closely to avoid such losses.If the US dollar strengthens by more than the interest rate differential, it would lead to losses for the corporation. For instance, if the US corporation had borrowed 1000 units of foreign currency at a fixed rate of 1%, they would have to pay back 1010 dollars after a year.
However, if the dollar strengthens by more than 1%, it would now cost more than $1010, hence leading to losses for the corporation. Therefore, to avoid such risks, it is advisable for US corporations to hedge their foreign currency loans. Hedging would help in minimizing the risks associated with the foreign currency loans.
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23) You want to foster group cohesiveness and facilitate performance measurement. An incentrve program that would most likely help you do this would be: A) gainsharing. B) a plantwide plan. C) a corporate-based plan. D) a team-based plan.
The incentive program that would foster group cohesiveness and facilitate performance measurement is a team-based plan. The correct option is (D) team-based plan.
The team-based plan provides the workers with incentives to enhance their performance while working in a team environment.
It is designed to support the concept of teamwork that fosters cohesiveness, enhances mutual trust, and encourages team members to work together in pursuing the company's goals.
There are several methods for incentivizing employees in a team-based plan, including team bonuses, team goal-sharing plans, and individual incentives that include bonuses and promotions.
Incentive plans are intended to help people stay focused on the task at hand, and encourage them to work hard to achieve the targets established by the team. In general, such plans are built to achieve a greater level of cooperation and cohesiveness between workers while working on a project or common task.
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a(n) approach to staffing in multinational companies has the following advantages: (1) encourages mobility within the company, (2) helps build a strong, unified culture in the company.
The global staffing approach in multinational companies encourages employee mobility and fosters a strong, unified culture. This approach allows employees to gain diverse experiences.
The approach to staffing in multinational companies that has the mentioned advantages is the "global staffing" approach. This approach involves selecting and placing employees from various countries in key positions across different locations within the company's global operations.
By encouraging mobility within the company, employees gain exposure to different cultures, work environments, and business practices, enhancing their skills and knowledge.
Additionally, the global staffing approach helps build a strong, unified culture by fostering a sense of shared values, goals, and experiences among employees from different countries, leading to better collaboration and cohesion within the organization.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " which a(n) approach to staffing in multinational companies has the following advantages (1) encourages mobility within the company, (2) helps build a strong, unified culture in the company ? "--
1. Detail the steps in the budgeting process and who within the healthcare organization is responsible for each of those steps.
2. As a healthcare finance professional, how would you communicate the relevant budget deliverables to others throughout the organization?
3. As an organizational leader/manager, how would you operationalize strategy? How would you transform the organization's strategic plan, mission, vision and values into daily activities and the operating budget?
1. Detail the steps in the budgeting process and who within the healthcare organization is responsible for each of those steps: Budgeting is an essential part of healthcare organization, and it helps to plan the financial resources and allocate those resources effectively.
The budgeting process usually starts with gathering data, forecasting revenue, and then allocating resources effectively to support the goals and objectives of the organization. The steps of the budgeting process are described below:1. Gathering data: Gathering data is the first step in the budgeting process. This includes collecting financial data, analyzing the previous year's budget, and identifying significant trends.
The finance team is responsible for gathering data.2. Forecasting Revenue: The next step is forecasting revenue, which involves estimating the amount of revenue the healthcare organization will generate in the future. The finance team and revenue cycle department are responsible for forecasting revenue.3. Identifying Cost: After revenue forecasting, the next step is identifying the cost that is associated with operating the healthcare organization. The department heads and management are responsible for identifying costs.
4. Develop the Budget: Based on revenue forecasting and cost identification, the next step is developing the budget. The finance team and department heads are responsible for developing the budget.5. Review and Approval: Once the budget is developed, the next step is reviewing and approving the budget. The budget review and approval process usually involve the finance committee, the board of directors, and the management team.2.
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Computer Store" is considering the best way to enter data about new customers that sign up as part of a new marketing campaign. Customers complete their details on a form and leave them at the store for further processing. The best method for capturing this data would be: a. manual keying. b. optical mark readers. c. scanning through image scanners. d. scanning through barcode technology.
Computer Store is considering the best way to enter data about new customers that sign up as part of a new marketing campaign. The best method for capturing this data would be scanning through barcode technology. This is because barcode technology is the most efficient and accurate way of capturing data.
Barcode technology is commonly used for data entry because it is highly efficient and accurate. Barcode scanners are able to read a barcode in a matter of seconds, and the data is then entered into the system automatically. This saves time and reduces the chance of errors that can occur with manual keying or optical mark readers. In addition, barcode technology is also cost-effective and requires little maintenance.
Therefore, it is the most suitable option for capturing customer data for Computer Store's new marketing campaign.
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Aneko Company reports the following: net sales of $19,500 for Year 2 and $18,525 for Year 1 , end-of-year total assets of $18,800 for Year 2 and $17,700 for Year 1 1. Compute its total asset tumover for Year 2. 2. Aneko's competitor has a turnover of 20 . Is Aneko performing better or worse than its competitor based on total asset turnover? Complete this question by entering your answere in the tabs below. Compute its total asset turnover for Year 2. Aneko Company reports the following: net sales of $19,500 for Year 2 and $18,525 for Year 1 ; end-of-year total assets of $18.300 for Year 2 and $17,700 for Year 1 1. Compute its total asset tumover for Year 2 . 2. Aneko's competitor has a tumover of 20 . is Aneko performing better or worse than its compettor based on total asset furnover? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Aneko's competitor has a tumover of 2.0. Is Aneko performing better or worse than its competitor based on total asset turnover? Is Aneko performing better or worse than its competitor based on total asset turnoves?
1. Computation of Aneko Company's Total Asset Turnover for Year 2:Total Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Average Total Assets Average Total Assets = (Ending Total Assets + Beginning Total Assets) / 2
Ending Total Assets for Year 2 = $18,800Beginning Total Assets for Year 2 = Ending Total Assets for Year 1 = $17,700Therefore, Average Total Assets = ($18,800 + $17,700) / 2 = $18,250Total Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Average Total Assets = $19,500 / $18,250 = 1.07
Therefore, Aneko Company's total asset turnover for Year 2 is 1.07.2. Comparison of Aneko Company's and its Competitor's Total Asset Turnover: Total Asset Turnover is a measure of a company's efficiency in utilizing its assets to generate sales.
Higher Total Asset Turnover indicates better efficiency and is preferred in comparison to a lower turnover. In this case, Aneko's competitor has a Total Asset Turnover of 2.0. Whereas, Aneko's Total Asset Turnover is 1.07. T
hus, Aneko Company is performing worse than its competitor based on Total Asset Turnover.
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Lance Whittingham IV specializes in buying deep discount bonds. These represent bonds that are trating at well whow pair value w Current price $ b. By what percent will the price of the bonds increase between now and maturity? Price increases by c. What is the annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds?
The annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds is given by the formula g = ((1 + r)^n (FV/PV))^(1/n) - 1.
Lance Whittingham IV specializes in buying deep discount bonds.
These represent bonds that are trading at well below par value with the current price of b. The price of the bonds will increase between now and maturity by c percent.
The annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds can be calculated by the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate the discount rate
Discount rate is the rate of return that investors require from an investment to compensate for its risk. The formula for discount rate is:
Discount rate = (future value/present value)^(1/n) - 1where n is the number of years
Step 2: Calculate the annual compound rate of growth in value
Annual compound rate of growth in value is given by the formula:
(1 + r)^n = (1 + g)^n (FV/PV)
where r is the discount rate, n is the number of years, FV is the future value and PV is the present value. g is the annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds.
Step 3: Solve for gg = ((1 + r)^n (FV/PV))^(1/n) - 1
Therefore, the annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds is given by the formula g = ((1 + r)^n (FV/PV))^(1/n) - 1.
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Wilson Company prepared the following preliminary budget assuming no advertising expenditures: Selling price ........................ $10 per unit
Unit sales..............................100,000
Variable expenses.................$600,000
Fixed expenses.....................$300,000
Based on a market study, the company estimated that it could increase the unit selling price by 20% and increase the unit sales volume by 10% if $100,000 were spent on advertising. Assuming that these changes are incorporated in its budget, what should be the budgeted net operating income?
the budgeted net operating income will be $320,000 after the given changes are incorporated in the budget.
The solution is given below:
It is given that:
Selling price = $10 per unit
Unit sales = 100,000
Variable expenses = $600,000
Fixed expenses = $300,000
If the company estimates to increase the unit selling price by 20% and increase the unit sales volume by 10%, then the new selling price will be:
Selling price = $10 + 20% of $10
Selling price = $12
Variable expenses will not change.
Fixed expenses will remain the same.
Expenditure on advertising = $100,000
New unit sales = 100,000 + 10% of 100,000
New unit sales = 110,000
The budgeted net operating income can be calculated as follows:
Budgeted revenue = New unit sales × Selling price
Budgeted revenue = 110,000 × $12
Budgeted revenue = $1,320,000
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All of the following are improper check writing procedures EXCEPT
a. postdate all of your checks
b. avoid making checks payable to "Cash"
c. overdraw your account whenever possible.
d. write your checks in pencil
The only option that is not an improper check writing procedure is d, write your checks in pencil.
Postdating a check means writing a check with a date in the future. This is not a good idea because it can lead to confusion and problems if the check is cashed before the date.
Making a check payable to "Cash" means that anyone can cash the check, which is a security risk.
Overdrafting your account means writing a check for more money than you have in your account. This can lead to fees and penalties from your bank.
Writing a check in pencil is not a good idea because it can be easily erased or altered. This could lead to fraud or other problems.
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Questions 36 (10 marks) A closed economy is currently in its long-run equilibrium. Recently, there is advancement in payment technology such that households have more options to make payments and the importance of money being a medium of exchange falls. Note: Be sure to show the shift(s) of curve(s) and identify the new equilibriums in the diagram below. a) What happens to the short-run equilibrium levels of output and price? Explain. (5 points) b) What happens to the long-run equilibrium levels of output and price? Explain. (5 points)
a) In the short run, the advancement in payment technology leads to a decrease in the demand for money because people do not require holding as much money as before to make transactions. The decrease in the demand for money will lead to an excess supply of money in the market.
This will lead to a decrease in the interest rate which in turn increases investments and output. The increase in output will result in a temporary decrease in the price level.The short-run equilibrium output will increase while the price level will decrease as shown in the diagram below.b) In the long run, the increase in payment technology will lead to a lower demand for money, resulting in a new equilibrium. A decrease in the demand for money will lead to an excess supply of money in the market. Consequently, the interest rate will decrease, which will increase investment in the economy, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. The increase in aggregate demand will lead to an increase in output level, and as output level increases, the demand for money will also increase.
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Discuss the types of skills that a system analyst should have so
as to succeed in his work on Information Systems projects.
A system analyst should have a combination of technical, interpersonal, and business skills to be successful in their work on information system projects.
System analyst requires a variety of skills to be successful in their work on information system projects. These skills include both technical and non-technical skills. The skills required are discussed below:
Technical Skills
A system analyst should possess technical skills to comprehend and analyze system needs, limitations, and specifications and provide technical solutions. In general, these technical skills are critical in identifying any underlying issues in systems and determining the most effective ways of resolving them. Some technical skills required include:
Programming knowledge
Database skills
Web development and design skills
Software knowledge
Network skills
Database management
Non-Technical Skills
Communication Skills: To communicate and coordinate with different stakeholders of the project. Being a system analyst requires being able to convey complex technical details in an easy-to-understand manner.
Problem Solving Skills: To develop and implement solutions to technical and business problems.
Critical Thinking Skills: To be able to identify the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions to a problem and select the best one.
Project Management Skills: To manage multiple tasks, anticipate issues, manage team members, and ensure the project meets its objectives.
Leadership Skills: To provide leadership to team members, keep track of progress, and communicate with stakeholders.
Business Skills: To understand business processes, financial statements, market trends, and competitive analysis. This skill helps the analyst to tailor the technology solution to the organization's particular business needs.
In conclusion, a system analyst should have a combination of technical, interpersonal, and business skills to be successful in their work on information system projects.
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QUESTION 4
4.1 A toy company produces four different products that are processed in four distinct departments labelled A, B, C, and D. The below table indicates the processing information for the respective products.
4.1.1 Develop a from-to-chart for the four products.
4.1.2 Calculate the efficiency of the workflow.
(16)
(4)
To develop a from-to-chart for the four products and calculate the efficiency of the workflow, we need information on the flow of products between the departments.
Unfortunately, the table or specific details on the flow of products are not provided in your question. Please provide the necessary information or provide the table that indicates the processing information for the respective products, including the flow between departments, so that I can assist you further in developing the from-to-chart and calculating the efficiency of the workflow. Workflow refers to the sequence of tasks or activities required to complete a specific process or project within an organization. It involves the movement of information, materials, or tasks from one person or department to another in a predefined order. A well-designed workflow ensures efficiency, coordination, and smooth collaboration among team members. It helps streamline processes, automate repetitive tasks, and ensure proper allocation of resources. By defining roles, responsibilities, and decision points, workflows enhance productivity, reduce errors, and improve overall operational effectiveness. Effective workflow management is crucial for organizations to optimize their operations, achieve timely deliverables, and meet customer expectations.
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In your own words, explain the reasons why a researcher will want to use panel data. Also provide some real-life examples where panel data is used in South Africa.
Panel data is valuable to researchers because it allows them to analyze changes over time and capture individual-specific variations.
It enables the study of dynamics, causal relationships, and the effects of policies or interventions.
Panel data is advantageous for several reasons. First, it provides more observations than cross-sectional data, which enhances statistical power. Second, it allows for the examination of individual-specific effects and their interaction with time-varying variables. Third, panel data permits the control of unobserved heterogeneity through fixed or random effects models. Fourth, it enables the investigation of causal relationships through techniques like difference-in-differences or instrumental variable estimation. Lastly, panel data facilitates the study of long-term trends, shocks, and persistence of phenomena.
In South Africa, panel data is utilized in various research fields. For instance, economists use panel data to analyze the effects of government policies on economic growth, income inequality, or labor market dynamics. Sociologists may employ panel data to examine educational attainment, health outcomes, or social mobility over time. Additionally, panel data is valuable in studying the impact of interventions or programs aimed at reducing poverty, improving education, or enhancing public health in South Africa. Overall, panel data is a versatile tool that allows researchers to uncover valuable insights by capturing temporal and individual-specific variations in a South African context.
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1. What significant changes have occurred over the past two years that have altered the global marketplace? How is this different than in the past? 2. What role does faith play in the global marketplace?
1. Significant changes that have occurred over the past two years that have altered the global marketplace are Globalization, Technology, E-commerce, and Legal and Regulatory Changes.
2. Faith can play a significant role in the global marketplace in several ways. First, many businesses operate based on religious principles and values.
1. Significant changes that have occurred over the past two years that have altered the global marketplace:
Globalization: The number of multinationals continues to grow every year, and businesses of all sizes can now go global at a faster pace than ever before.
Technology: Advancements in technology and communications have made it possible to connect with people all around the world more easily than ever before. This is enabling companies to create and market products in ways that were previously impossible.
E-commerce: E-commerce has exploded in popularity in recent years, and it is rapidly changing the way people shop and do business. As more and more people around the world gain access to the internet, the potential for online sales and marketing continues to grow.
Legal and Regulatory Changes: Governments around the world continue to create and revise laws and regulations that impact the global marketplace. For example, Brexit is causing significant changes in trade and investment relationships within Europe.
2. Role of faith in the global marketplace:
Faith can play a significant role in the global marketplace in several ways. First, many businesses operate based on religious principles and values. For example, some companies may prioritize ethical business practices or environmental sustainability based on their religious beliefs.
Second, faith can be a source of inspiration and motivation for entrepreneurs and business leaders. Many people find that their faith helps them stay focused and committed to their work, even during difficult times.
Finally, faith can be a powerful tool for connecting people from different cultures and backgrounds. Many businesses are now focusing on diversity and inclusion, and faith can be an important part of that effort. For example, companies may hold interfaith events or encourage employees to share their religious traditions with one another. As global markets continue to evolve, it is likely that faith will play an increasingly important role in shaping the business landscape.
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a risk assessment team should focus on critical areas. true false
True. A risk assessment team should focus on critical areas.
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities within a system, process, or organization. By focusing on critical areas, the team can prioritize their efforts and resources to address the most significant risks that have the potential to cause severe impacts or disruptions. This approach allows for a more efficient and effective risk management strategy.
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The following information was extracted from the books of KASTA Business on 31 December Additional information: (i) Withdrawal of RM5,000 from bank account has not been recorded. (ii) Advertising expenses RM65,000 were outstanding. (iii) All non-current assets are depreciated at 30% per annum, using reducing balance method. (v) Closing Inventory RM84,300 fully counted on 31 December. Required: Show all your working. (a) Prepare the Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2021, and (b) the Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2021 .
The bank balance has been shown as RM 10,000 and not RM 5,000.
Part (a) Income Statement for the year ended on December 31, 2021 Particulars RM Revenue 700,000 Cost of goods sold Opening inventory 125,500 Add Purchases (10,11,12)500,000
Less Closing inventory (84,300)541,200 Gross profit 158,800 Less Operating expenses Advertising expense65,000Depreciation expense [(400,000 - 40,000) × 30%]108,000173,000 Net income before taxation(14,200) Less Taxation Nil Net Income(14,200)
Note: Non-current asset of RM 40,000 is subtracted to determine the book value of the non-current asset on which depreciation is applied.
Part (b) Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2021 Liabilities RM Assets RM Current liabilities Accounts payable 125,500 Outstanding Advertising expense 65,000190,500Non-current liabilities Long-term loan200,000
Total liabilities390,500 Current assets Inventory 84,300 Accounts receivable95,000 Bank balance 10,000189,300
Non-current assets Property, plant, and equipment 40,000 Less Accumulated depreciation(108,000)32,000
Total assets221,300Total liabilities and equity611,800
Note: The withdrawal of RM 5,000 from the bank account has not been recorded. Thus, the bank balance has been shown as RM 10,000 and not RM 5,000.
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Suppose the MPC (marginal propensity to consume) is 0.6. For a given magnitude of fiscal policy (lets say an increase in government spending by $100 b or a decrease in taxes (lump-sum) by $100 b ), compare the magnitude of change in real GDP as a result of increase in government spending to the magnitude of change in real GDP as a result of tax cut.
Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) refers to the amount of an increase in consumption due to an increase in income. The relationship between an increase in government spending and tax cut on the magnitude of change in real GDP will vary depending on the value of MPC.
Let's assume that the value of MPC is 0.6.
In this case, an increase in government spending by $100 billion would lead to an increase in GDP by $100 billion x 1/ (1-0.6) = $250 billion. This is because the increase in government spending would lead to an increase in income, which in turn would lead to an increase in consumption.
On the other hand, a tax cut of $100 billion would lead to an increase in disposable income, which would lead to an increase in consumption. The magnitude of change in real GDP as a result of the tax cut would be given by:
Change in GDP = MPC x Change in Disposable Income
= 0.6 x $100 billion
= $60 billion
Therefore, the magnitude of change in real GDP as a result of the increase in government spending ($250 billion) is greater than the magnitude of change in real GDP as a result of the tax cut ($60 billion). This is because the multiplier effect of an increase in government spending is greater than the multiplier effect of a tax cut.
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$100 is invested for 20 years. During the first 10 years, the annual rate of 2%. During the last 10 years, the annual rate is 9%. How much interest is compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years (in dollars)?
Below 5
Between 5 and 15
Between 15 and 25
Between 25 and 35
Between 35 and 45
Between 45 and 55
Between 55 and 65
Between 65 and 75
The interest compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years can be calculated by using the formula for compound interest. The formula for calculating compound interest is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years. We will use this formula to solve the problem given above. During the first 10 years, the annual rate is 2%, and during the last 10 years, the annual rate is 9%. Therefore, the total time is 20 years. Let's begin by calculating the interest compounded during the first 10 years. The principal is $100, and the annual interest rate is 2%. Therefore, we have:
P = $100
r = 2%
n = 1 (since the interest is compounded annually)
t = 10 years
Substituting these values in the formula for compound interest, we get:
A = $100(1 + 0.02/1)^(1*10)
A = $121.90
Therefore, the interest compounded during the first 10 years is:
I = $121.90 - $100
I = $21.90
Now, let's calculate the interest compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years. We can do this by using the same formula for compound interest, but this time, we will use the interest of $21.90 as the principal. Therefore, we have:
P = $21.90
r = 9%
n = 1 (since the interest is compounded annually)
t = 10 years
Substituting these values in the formula for compound interest, we get:
A = $21.90(1 + 0.09/1)^(1*10)
A = $63.21
Therefore, the interest compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years is:
I = $63.21 - $21.90
I = $41.31
Therefore, the answer is between 35 and 45 dollars.
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Chem Company uses a Sales Journal, a purchased journal, a cash receiptd, journal, a cash disbursements journal, and a general journal. The following transactions occurred during the month of july 2020:
July 1 Purchased merchandise on credit for $8,100 from Angler The., terms n/3e. 8 Sold merchandise on credit to B. Harren for $1,500, subject to a $30 sales discount if pald by the end of the mesth. Cost, $620. 10 The owner of Chem Company, Pat Johnson, invested $2,000 cash. 14 Purchased store supplies from Steck Company on credit for $240∗, teras 2/10+,n0/3. 17 Purchased merchandise imentory on eredit froe Marten Cowpany for 37,600, teras n/se. 24 Sold merchandise to H. Winger for. $630 cash. cost, $350. 28 Purchased menchandise inventory from tiadley" s for, $9,000 cash. 29 Poid Anglen Inc. $8,100 for the merchandise purchased on July 1.
Journalize the july transactions that should br recorded in the purchased journal assuming the periodic inventory system.
The purchased journal is used to record purchases of inventory, whether cash or credit transactions. The periodic inventory system is utilized by Chem Company to record purchases.
To record transactions that took place in the month of July 2020, the Chem Company used various books of original entry including sales, purchased journal, cash receipts, cash disbursement, and general journal.The purchased journal is used to record purchases of inventory, whether cash or credit transactions.
The periodic inventory system is utilized by Chem Company to record purchases. To record transactions that took place in the month of July 2020, the Chem Company used various books of original entry including sales, purchased journal, cash receipts, cash disbursement, and general journal. The Chem Company should record the following transactions that took place in July 2020 in the purchased journal:
July 1: The Chem Company purchased merchandise on credit from Angler Inc. for $8,100. The terms of payment are n/3e. Debit Purchases: $8,100Credit Accounts Payable: $8,100July 14:
The Chem Company purchased store supplies from Steck Company on credit for $240. The terms of payment are 2/10+, n/30.
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he demand for money part 2 a. is positively related to the opportunity cost of holding money. b. is a downward sloping function of the interest rate. c. is an upward sloping function of the interest rate. d. none of the above.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. none of the above, as both options a and b are true.
The demand for money is influenced by the opportunity cost of holding money and the interest rate. Higher opportunity costs and higher interest rates tend to decrease the demand for money, while lower opportunity costs and lower interest rates increase the demand for money.
The demand for money is a concept in economics that refers to how much money individuals and businesses want to hold at a given time. It is influenced by various factors, including the opportunity cost of holding money and the interest rate.
a. The demand for money is positively related to the opportunity cost of holding money. This means that when the opportunity cost of holding money is high, people will demand less money. The opportunity cost of holding money refers to the benefits that could have been obtained by using that money for other purposes, such as investing or purchasing goods and services.
b. The demand for money is a downward sloping function of the interest rate. This means that as the interest rate increases, the demand for money decreases. When the interest rate is high, individuals and businesses will choose to hold less money and instead invest or save their funds to earn higher returns. On the other hand, when the interest rate is low, the demand for money increases as the opportunity cost of holding money decreases.
c. The statement that the demand for money is an upward sloping function of the interest rate is incorrect. As mentioned earlier, the demand for money is actually a downward sloping function of the interest rate.
d. Therefore, the correct answer is d. none of the above, as both options a and b are true.
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When you go to a store, you want to know whether things are high quality or low quality and whether they are underpriced or overpriced. When buying goods, you do this in many different ways - you comparison shop, check for sales, read online reviews, and consult professional surveys (such as Consumer Reports magazine). Let's zero in on that last one: the professionals who review products and say which ones are high-quality and well-priced.
Equity analysts like Alberto Moel are the Consumer Reports of capital markets. They look at the equity values of companies and make judgments on the relationship between a company’s value and their current price. On the basis of their analysis, they makes a final call - buy, hold or sell.
Analysts need information to do this important task, and they spend most of their days on the phone trying to get it. Who do you think they are on the phone with?
Equity analysts are the Consumer Reports of capital markets. They look at the equity values of companies and make judgments on the relationship between a company's value and their current price. On the basis of their analysis, they make a final call - buy, hold or sell.
Who are they on the phone with?
Equity analysts are usually on the phone with the following people to get information:
Management: Management is usually the first point of contact for the analyst. Analysts may reach out to the management of a company for clarity on certain aspects of the business such as strategy, outlook, management style, etc. In some cases, the management may even offer up information without being prompted to gain investor interest.
Customers and competitors: Analysts reach out to the customers of a company for feedback and opinions on the company's products and services. Competitors may also be contacted to get a better understanding of the competitive landscape and how the company is doing compared to its peers.
Industry experts: Analysts contact industry experts for their opinions on the industry and the company. They may also ask for industry data to form the basis of their analysis.Regulators: Equity analysts may reach out to regulators for information on the regulatory environment in which the company operates. Analysts need to understand how regulatory changes may affect the company's financial performance.
Other experts: Equity analysts may reach out to other experts such as accountants and auditors to get an understanding of the company's financials and how they are being accounted for.
Overall, equity analysts are on the phone with a wide range of people and organizations to get information that will help them form an opinion on the company.
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Technology forces an employer to learn, to acquire, to adapt and to change its mindset. A. Explain THREE (3) ways a manager can create change in an organization. B. Discuss TWO (2) reasons why technology is important in an organization. C. Outline FIVE (5) ways to market your products through social media in the global sphere.
A. Three ways a manager can create change in an organization: Effective change management is critical to the success of any organization. Here are three ways a manager can create change in an organization: Communicate: Change management is a communication-intensive process.
B. Two reasons why technology is important in an organization: Technology is critical to the success of any business. Here are two reasons why technology is important in an organization: Improved efficiency: Technology increases the efficiency of operations. Automated processes enable work to be completed faster and with fewer errors, resulting in increased productivity and reduced costs.
C. Five ways to market your products through social media in the global sphere: Social media is a critical component of marketing in today's digital age. Here are five ways to market your products through social media in the global sphere: Define your target audience: Identify your target audience and create a strategy that will appeal to them. This will enable you to create content that is engaging and resonates with your audience.
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According to the Chief Statistician of Malaysia, Dato 'Sri Dr Mohd Uzir Mahidin, "The unfavourable economic situation has resulted in unemployed graduates increasing from +37.2 thousand people to 202.4 thousand people. Thus, the unemployment rate for graduates in 2020 rose by 0.5 percentage points to 4.4 percent compared 3.9 percent in the previous year. In addition, more than 75 percent of graduates unemployed are those who are actively looking for work which is almost half unemployed for less than three months." a) Discuss how the government and private sector can help unemployed graduates. b) Explain frictional unemployment and cyclical unemployment. c) With the help of a diagram, explain the effect of unemployment on essential goods in the market.
Unemployment reduces demand for essential goods, leading to decreased production and employment. This is shown by a downward shift in the demand curve for essential goods.
a) The government can implement policies like job training programs, internship opportunities, and entrepreneurship support to enhance graduates' employability. The private sector can offer mentorship programs, collaborate with universities, and provide entry-level positions to assist unemployed graduates.
b) Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are in the process of transitioning between jobs or entering the labor market. Cyclical unemployment arises due to a downturn in the business cycle, resulting in decreased demand for labor as companies cut jobs during economic recessions.
c) Unemployment affects essential goods in the market by reducing consumers' purchasing power, leading to decreased demand. This can result in a decline in production and sales, impacting industries involved in producing and selling essential goods. The diagram would show a downward shift in the demand curve, leading to lower equilibrium quantity and potentially lower prices for essential goods. This can have implications for businesses and employment within those industries.
Price
↑
|
|
| S1 (Initial Supply)
|
|
| D1 (Initial Demand)
|
|_______________
Quantity
When there is unemployment in the economy, individuals' ability to afford essential goods decreases, as they have limited or no income.
Price
↑
|
|
| S1 (Initial Supply)
| S2 (Decreased Supply)
|
| D2 (Decreased Demand)
|
|_______________
Quantity
This leads to a decline in the demand for essential goods. As a result, businesses involved in the production and sale of these goods experience reduced sales and lower profits. To cope with the decreased demand, businesses may reduce production levels, leading to a decline in employment opportunities in those sectors. The diagram would illustrate a downward shift in the demand curve for essential goods, indicating a decrease in the equilibrium quantity and potentially lower prices. This situation highlights the adverse impact of unemployment on the market for essential goods and the potential ripple effects on businesses and employment within those industries.
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The manufacturer of a product had fixed costs of $120,800 per
year. The variable costs are 60% of selling price. What is the
break-even point in sales dollars?
Round to the nearest cent
Break-even point can be defined as the sales level required to cover all the costs and expenses that a company bears. To find out the break-even point, we need to have information on total fixed costs, variable costs, and selling price.In this problem,
we have fixed costs of $120,800 per year and variable costs of 60% of selling price. We need to find out the break-even point in sales dollars. Let’s solve the problem:
Let S be the selling price per unitSelling price per unit (P) = SVariable cost per unit = 0.6STotal cost = Total fixed cost + Total variable costTotal cost = $120,800 + 0.6SWe know that break-even point is the point where Total cost = Total RevenueTotal revenue = Selling price per unit (P) × Quantity sold(Q)Total revenue = SPWe have,Total cost = Total Revenue$120,800 + 0.6S = SPut SP on one side to get the break-even sales equationSolve for S,$$\begin{aligned}&120,800+0.6S=S\\&120,800=0.4S\\&S=\frac{120,800}{0.4}\\&S=302000\end{aligned}$$Therefore, the break-even point in sales dollars is $302,000.
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What is the main difference between a privately held company and a publicly held company? O Privately held companies are started by individuals and public ones are started by the government. O Privately held companies have shares owned by investors while publicly held companies have their shares available to the public on Wall Street. O Privately held companies are owned by citizens, and publicly held ones have shares owned by the government. O Privately held companies are for-profit, while publicly held ones are non-profit. Question 4 1 pts Nonprofit organizations do not aim to make money for shareholders. O True O Fals
The main difference between a privately held company and a publicly held company is that privately held companies have shares owned by investors, while publicly held companies have their shares available to the public on Wall Street.
In a privately held company, ownership is typically held by a small number of individuals or a closely-knit group, and the shares are not traded on a public stock exchange. In contrast, publicly held companies have their shares listed on a stock exchange, allowing anyone to buy and sell the shares.
Regarding the second question, it is true that nonprofit organizations do not aim to make money for shareholders. Nonprofit organizations, also known as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or charities, are typically formed for social, cultural, educational, or humanitarian purposes.
Their primary objective is to serve a specific cause or provide a public benefit, rather than generating profits for shareholders. Nonprofit organizations often rely on donations, grants, and funding from various sources to support their activities and achieve their mission.
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