Retrograde transport to a ER lumen will be used to recover a protein with such a functioning KDEL motif from the Golgi apparatus.
KDEL is indeed a target peptide sequences found on the C-terminal ending of the amino acid protein structure in humans and plants[1][2]. The KDEL sequence enables a protein's return if it is unintentionally exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as prevents it from being secreted. As long even as soluble resident protein has a KDEL signal sequence at its C-terminus, it will stay in the ER. Due to the dynamic nature of vesicle budding and the large level of protein in the ER, protein were unintentionally transferred to the cis-golgi through COPII coated vesicle. KDEL receptors joined to COPII & COPI vesicles aid in the transport mechanism of proteins with the KDEL signal sequence.
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What is the total number of atp molecules produced through cellular respiration per molecule of glucose?.
Cellular respiration in a eukaryotic cell can convert one glucose molecule into 30 to 32 ATP.
Is ATP 36 or ATP 38 produced?36 ATP molecules are produced by the citric acid cycle. Thus, a total of 38 ATP molecules are produced during aerobic respiration, with 2 of those molecules forming outside of the mitochondria.
ATP 30 or 32: Why?Depending on the kind of cell we are considering, the number varies. Malate-aspartate shuttle-using cells, such as those in the heart or liver, produce 32 ATP molecules per glucose, whereas glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle-using cells, such as those in skeletal muscle, produce 30 ATP molecules.
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would you expect a plant living in a very dry environment (desert) to have leaves with a high surface area to volume ratio or a low surface area to volume ratio? to retain heat would an organisms more likely have a high surface area to volume ratio or a low surface area to volume ratio? how about for respiration?
Low surface area to volume ratio in a dry atmosphere . Low surface area to volume ratio to retain heat for respiration, organisms with a high surface area to volume ratio are more likely.
Photosynthesis benefits heterotrophs in a number of ways. They rely on the process for producing oxygen, which is created as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Furthermore, photosynthesis supports the autotrophs on which heterotrophs rely for survival.
Because many species have comparable genes regardless of the habitat they are in, gene flow among populations decreases the opportunity for local adaptation within each group.
The plant's large surface area allows it to absorb as much sunlight as possible, which is essential for photosynthesis to produce food for the plant.
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In relation to their position in a food chain, what do plants and photosynthetic algae have in common?.
Plants and photosynthetic algae both are producers in relation to their position in a food chain.
Producers also termed as autotrophs, they make their own food. They are on the first position of every food chain. Plants and photosynthetic algae are the organism that can produce their own food by using the materials from organic sources, like- sunlight, carbon dioxide etc. Therefore, they can be called as producers or autotrophs in relation to their position in a food chain. They formed the base of an energy pyramid of ecosystem.
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in a 1x1-meter excavation unit you find the remains of two human skeletons along with the antler of an antelope. how can you attempt to date these skeletons? group of answer choices you can research the antler bone to find out which species it belongs to and then use faunal dating. you can take soil samples and analyze the microscopic organisms present to determine a time period. you can assume the humans ate the antelope and find out when humans in this area began to eat meat. since they are all found in a single layer you can use stratigraphy.
I attempt to date the given skeletons by b)taking soil samples and analyze the microscopic organisms present to determine a time period. So, correct option is B.
Dating methods are methodology utilized by researchers to decide the time of rocks, fossils, or relics. Relative dating techniques tell provided that one example is more established or more youthful than another; outright dating strategies give a rough date in years.
The last option have by and large been accessible just starting around 1947. Many outright dating procedures exploit radioactive rot, by which a radioactive type of a component rots into a non-radioactive item at a normal rate. Others, for example, amino corrosive racimization and cation-proportion dating, depend on synthetic changes in the natural or inorganic creation of an example.
Lately, a couple of these strategies have come under detailed examination as researchers endeavor to foster the most potential exact dating procedures.
Hence, correct option is B.
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(Complete question) is:
In a 1x1-meter excavation unit you find the remains of two human skeletons along with the antler of an antelope. how can you attempt to date these skeletons? group of answer choices
a)you can research the antler bone to find out which species it belongs to and then use faunal dating.
b)you can take soil samples and analyze the microscopic organisms present to determine a time period.
c) you can assume the humans ate the antelope and find out when humans in this area began to eat meat. since they are all found in a single layer you can use stratigraphy.
about 12,000 years ago climate conditions were changing and humans spent more time fishing and collecting plant foods. the big game animals were less numerous and hunting became more a solitary activity. this new way of life marks the beginning of the:
Hunting and other new ways of life mark the mesolithic age.
Give a brief description of the mesolithic age.
Between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic is the Old World archaeological period known as the Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age. Particularly outside of northern Europe and for the equivalent time in the Levant and Caucasus, the word "Epipaleolithic" is frequently used synonymously.
Smaller chipped stone tools replaced larger chipped stone stools as the preferred seating option (microliths). Hunting big herds of animals in packs gave way to a more hunter-gatherer way of life. As the Mesolithic Age came to a conclusion, people started cultivating crops and engaging in animal husbandry, which is the controlled raising of domestic animals for food and other purposes. The Mesolithic Age saw the production of a variety of pottery in some parts of the world. The dogs were domesticated during the Mesolithic Age.
Hence, the answer is the mesolithic age.
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which term best matches the type of stimulation of a muscle may receive which does not produce noticeable contraction?
Stimulation is the promotion of growth or, more broadly, the cause of activity.As an illustration, "The press stimulates political conversation."Regardless of how it affects the senses physically, an interesting or enjoyable activity can be referred to as "stimulating".
Which two kind of stimulation are there?Stimuli might be internal or external.One example of an external stimulus is how a drug impacts your body.Changes in your vital signs brought on by a shift in your body is an example of an internal stimulus.
What are the four stimuli for the touch sense?The four fundamental sensations of pressure, heat, cold, and pain are reacted to by various combinations of the many nerve endings that are implanted in our skin.Only pressure, however, has unique receptors of its own.Our capacity to perceive the locations and motions of various body parts is known as proprioception.
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Which of the following occurs during anaphase?
chromosomes condense and become visible
cell membrane divides
chromatids pull towards opposite poles of the cell
nuclear membrane forms
How could you increase the rate of cyclosis in
plant cells?
Answer: By adding growth hormone.
Explanation: Cyclosis also known as protoplasm streaming. By the help of this movement cells are enable to get oxygen and nutrients. Cyclosis is regulated by various factors including, temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, light, cellular injury, cellular shock etc.
Addition of growth hormone 'Auxin' increases the cyclosis i.e. rate of the movement of protoplasm.
PLEASE HELP ME 65 POINTS
in a deletion mapping experiment, an individual homozygous for a recessive mutation in the gene to be mapped is crossed to an individual heterozygous for a deletion, and the resulting offspring are all wild type. what is the most correct interpretation for these results?
True, the deleted region does not contain the gene. A gene located outside of the deleted regions would always be heterozygous for the wild-type allele and would not be expressed.
Alleles A and B share a chromosome. A deletion mapping experiment involves crossing an individual homozygous for a recessive mutation in the gene to be mapped with an individual heterozygous for a deletion, and the offspring are all wild type. The presence of two distinct alleles at a specific gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may comprise with one single nucleotide and one mutated genotype, or 2 separate mutated alleles.
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when using the crispr-cas9 system to make a mutation in a cell, the guide rna will contain which sequences (or complementary versions of the sequence):
While using the crispr-cas9 system to make a mutation the sequence required is 20 bases sequence.
In an ordinary CRISPR study, an sgRNA is designed to have a manual collection domain (specific as gRNA in our study) on the 5′ end, that is complementary to the goal collection.
The rationally designed sgRNA is then used to manual the Cas9 protein to precise webweb sites withinside the genome for centered cleavage.Better concentrated on of CRISPR-Cas9In maximum instances the manual RNA includes a particular collection of 20 bases. These are complementary to the goal collection withinside the gene to be edited. However, now no longer all 20 bases want to suit for the manual RNA as a way to bind.
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Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.
Chemoreceptors located in the carotid bodies are responsible for detecting variations in blood oxygen levels. The chemoreceptors react when oxygen levels fall.
What kind of thing does the body's chemoreceptors measure and react to?Arteriovenous chemoreceptors, which monitor and react to changes in the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood, and central chemoreceptors in the brain, which react to changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in their immediate environment, are the two different types of respiratory chemoreceptors.
What chemoreceptors detect CO2 and pH?ASICs are specific chemoreceptors that measure blood carbon dioxide levels. To achieve this, they keep an eye on the amount of hydrogen ions, which lower blood's pH.
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Thermogenesis has been studied the plants in the genus Arum, including skunk cabbage and the corpse flower. In these plants, what hypotheses have been provided to explain the reason behind thermogenesis? Select ALL that apply
a) protection from frost damage
b) leaf production and photosynthesis.
c) seed germination.
d) heat source for pollinators
c) pollinator attraction.
Answer:
a,b,c
Explanation:
Protection from frost damage, leaf production and photosynthesis along with seed germination explain the reason behind thermogenesis.
What is thermogenesis?
The process through which organisms produce heat is known as thermogenesis. All warm-blooded creatures experience it, and a few thermogenic plant species including the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily, and the huge water lilies of the genus Victoria also experience it.
One of the primary purposes of transpiration, which serves as the upper terminal mover of the water circulation in plant systems, is thermoregulation. It establishes a constant water flow from the plant's root system to its leaves and other vegetative organs, uniting them into one whole.
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Compare antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin (Amoxil) to amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin). Adding a beta-lactamase inhibitor, like clavulanate, increases coverage against:A. Gram negative and anaerobic pathogensB. Gram positive pathogensC. MRSA
Augmentin (amoxicillin / clavulanate) is an antibiotic that contains both amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate. It is used to treat several bacterial illnesses. Amoxil (amoxicillin) is a penicillin antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Augmentin can cure the same germs as amoxicillin, but it is also effective against other more difficult-to-treat diseases, such as: Infections of the sinuses. Infections of the ears. Bacterial infections linked to COPD.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as doxycycline, azithromycin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, mupirocin, and fluoroquinolones, target a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, whereas narrow-spectrum antibiotics, such as vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and sarecycline, target a narrow range of clinically important bacteria.
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if glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, how do the products of glycolysis get inside the mitochondrial matrix?
Pyruvate is created in the cytoplasm via glycolysis, but it is oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes).
Pyruvate must enter the mitochondrion, penetrate its inner membrane, and reach the matrix before the chemical processes can commence.
The citric acid cycle occurs within the mitochondrion in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative metabolism happens at the internal folded mitochondrial membranes (cristae).
The citric acid cycle liberates stored energy by increasing acetyl-CoA oxidation. For eukaryotes, the process occurs within the mitochondrial matrix, while for prokaryotes, it occurs in the cytosol. The citric acid cycle generates three products: 1ATP, decreased FADH2 and NADH, and two molecules of CO2.
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jim was in a car accident and suffered damage to the posterior ramus of several spinal nerves in his lumbar region. what problems might he experience as a result?
sufferes both posterior ramus of several spinal nerves in his lumbar region
Anesthetists must have a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve (PRSN) in order to efficiently and securely administer a facet joint block. The lateral branch and medial branch are the PRSN's two primary beginning branches, according to the major anatomy textbooks. 1–4 However, the explanation of PRSN anatomy can be a bit hazy in some textbooks. 5–11 This lack of interest reflects the conventional anatomical belief that these nerves are of no clinical importance. These nerves have, however, received more clinical attention over the past 30 years, both in the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain as well as in the comprehension of disability following spinal surgery. Textbooks on anatomy have not evolved to reflect this interest.
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Most repressor proteins are allosteric. Which of the following binds with the repressor to alter its conformation?
A) inducer
B) promoter
C) RNA polymerase
D) transcription factor
E) cAMP
Inducer binds with the repressor to alter its conformation.
What is a Repressor?
In genomics, a repressor is a protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes. The repressor protein inhibits messenger RNA production by binding to the promoter region of the gene(s) (mRNA). Repressor proteins are required for gene expression regulation in cells.
Repressors are proteins that inhibit or reduce gene expression, as evidenced by decreased messenger RNA production from the affected gene. Repressor proteins typically work by binding to and blocking critical DNA sequences in the gene, such as the promoter, which initiates mRNA transcription. In bacteria, repressors and activators of gene expression are distinct.
However, in higher eukaryotic cells, a DNA binding protein can act as an activator or repressor of gene expression, depending on its interactions with other proteins in the cell or other cellular context. Other molecules, such as non-coding RNA, may also act as repressors.
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Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel, or blended with petroleum-derived diesel (petrodiesel) in any percentage. Such blends are referred to as BXX wherein XX stands for the percentage by volume of biodiesel in the blend.
B20—a blend of 20% by volume ____________: 80% by volume ________________— has demonstrated significant environmental benefits (fewer harmful emissions) with a minimum increase in cost.
A renewable substitute for diesel fuel made from petroleum is biodiesel.
Describe biodiesel ?A renewable substitute for diesel fuel made from petroleum is biodiesel (hereafter referred to as "petrodiesel").A lye catalyst, methyl or ethyl alcohol, and the feedstock oil (often soybean oil in the United States) are combined to create biodiesel (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide).The glycerin is separated from the fatty acid molecules of the feedstock oil during the transesterification process, and each fatty acid molecule then joins an alcohol molecule.Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines that complies with ASTM D 6751 specifications and is made from natural oils like soybean oil.To ensure proper performance, fuel-grade biodiesel must be produced in accordance with ASTM D6751, which is a strict industry standard.To learn more about biodiesel refer to:
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quizlet you cross a true-breeding, red-flowered snapdragon with a true-breeding, white-flowered one. all of the f1 are pink. what does this say about the parental traits?
what does this say about the parenting style . Red displays partial dominance over white.
In genetics, dominance refers to a gene's (allele's) greater impact over another gene that affects the same inherited trait. The T allele (and the attribute of tallness) is said to be entirely dominant if a pea plant with the alleles T and t (T = tallness, t = shortness) is the same height as a TT person. It is said that T is partially or incompletely dominant if the T t individual is shorter than the T T but still taller than the t t individual. This means that T has a greater influence than t but does not completely mask t, which is said to be recessive.
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EX 1. In a village, a campaign against snakes was launched in which about all the snakes were killed. The farmers of that region were troubled by rats that year. Explain.
Who is Gregor Mendel
Answer:
Explanation:
the architect of genetic experimental and statistical analysis, the acknowledged father of genetics, Mendel developed three principles of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits.
Answer: Gregor Mendel is the Father of Genetics. He is well-known for his work with breeding and cultivating pea plants, using them to gather data about dominant and recessive genes.
Explanation: Hope this was helpful
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What structures did you note at the caudal end of your pig specimen?.
osteocytes are surrounded by a dense, bony matrix. how do they get the nutrients they need to survive?
Osteocytes can enter blood vessels and deliver nutrients to the bone. On the other hand, osteoclasts degrade the matrix and release the resulting products into the blood.
Osteocytes receive nutrients through their dendrites, which are tentacle-like structures that extend through tiny structures called canaliculi. Because they make up 95% of the cells in adult bones and aid in the formation of bone, osteoclasts require nutrients.
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which of the choices below determines the direction of gases moving across the respiratory membrane? group of answer choices the temperature partial pressure gradient molecular weight and size of the gas molecule solubility in water
Partial pressure determines the direction of gases moving across the respiratory membrane.
A gas will circulate from a place in which its partial strain is better to a place in which its partial strain is lower. In addition, the extra the partial strain distinction among the 2 areas, the greater speedy is the motion of gases.
There are also other factors such as membrane thickness, membrane surface areas, diffusion coefficient and many others.
Out of the given options, partial pressure is the correct choice as it determines the direction of gases.
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Mara lives in st. Louis, which is close to sea level. She decides to spend a month of her summer vacation working in the mountains outside of denver. After a week in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as mara adapts to the higher altitude?.
After a week in the mountains, we would expect Mara adapts to the higher altitude by decreasing PO₂ in her alveoli. the correct answer is D.
Mara resides in St. Louis, a city close to the ocean. During her summer vacation, she intends to spend a month working in the mountains outside of Denver. After a week in the mountains, we would predict that Mara will acclimate to the higher altitude by having decreased PO2 in her alveoli.
It produces Following a month of acclimatization to the higher altitude, Mara typically displays regular oxygen absorption, increased ventilation, more basic hypoxic ventilation, larger lung volumes, greater diffusing capacities, and increased blood pressure.
The barometric pressure continuously decreases at altitude, which poses challenges for the human body and results in a number of important physiological processes that aid in maintaining and controlling tissue oxygenation. It causes the body's physiological responses, including an increase in hematocrit. The development of systemic hypertension is influenced by altitude with a relatively low oxygen content, which has a substantial impact on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure control. Another element of the pulmonary response to acute altitude exposure is hyperventilation, which is done in an effort to achieve adequate tissue oxygenation.
The complete question is:
Mara lives in st. Louis, which is close to sea level. She decides to spend a month of her summer vacation working in the mountains outside of Denver. After a week in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as mara adapts to the higher altitude?
A) decreased hematocrit
B) decreased blood pressure
C) decreased alveolar ventilation rate
D) decreased PO2 in the alveoli
E) All of the answers are correct.
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vesicle formation is driven by the binding of clathrin or cop proteins. select an answer and submit. for keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a true b false
It is true that vesicle formation is driven by the binding of clathrin or COP proteins.
Vesicle formation is used to recycle membrane components and allow extracellular substances to enter the cell. Thus, endocytosis and a variety of cellular functions are linked to vesicle formation.
The majority of transport vesicles originate in specialized, membrane-coated regions. They emerge as coated vesicles with a distinct cytosolic surface cage of proteins.
Coated vesicles can be broken down into three distinct categories based on the coat proteins they contain:clathrin-covered, COPI-covered, and COPII-covered vesicles. In the cell, different transport steps rely on each type.
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How does genetic evidence support the idea of evolution?
Answer:
DNA sequence comparisons can show how different species are related.
Explanation:
jessie has elevated levels of triacylglycerides and fatty acids and normal levels of cholesterol. however, there is no evidence of ketone body formation. which statement best explains jessie's test results?
The statement which best explains Jessie's test results is b)She has elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids, because she recently ate a large meal. So, option b is correct.
A fatty substance (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester gotten from glycerol and three unsaturated fats (from tri-and glyceride).[1] Fatty oils are the fundamental constituents of muscle versus fat in people and different vertebrates, as well as vegetable fat. They are likewise present in the blood to empower the bidirectional transaction of fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a significant part of human skin oils.
Many kinds of fatty substances exist. One explicit grouping centers around soaked and unsaturated sorts. Immersed fats have no C=C gatherings; unsaturated fats highlight at least one C=C gatherings. Unsaturated fats will generally have a lower melting point than immersed analogs; subsequently, they are in many cases fluid at room temperature.
Hence, option b is correct.
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(Complete question) is:
Jessie has elevated levels of triacylglycerides and fatty acids and normal levels of cholesterol. However, there is no evidence of ketone body formation. Which statement best explains Jessie's test results?
a)She has elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids, because she is obese.
b) She has elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids, because she recently ate a large meal.
c)She does not produce ketone bodies due to her athleticism
d)She does not produce ketone bodies because of her vegan diet.
e) She does not produce ketone bodies due to a metabolic impairment. MacBook Air
the frequency of a recessive allele in a population is 50%. what is the frequency of the dominant allele?
The frequency of a dominant allele in a population is 0.75. If the frequency of a recessive allele in a population is 50%.
Given
Frequency of recessive allele in percent q² = 50%
q = 0.5
From Hardy Weinberg principle
if no unfavorable factors exist, genetic variation in a population will remain stable from one generation to the next.
p + q = 1
p = 1-0.5
p = 0.5
Frequency of dominant allele
p² + 2pq =
(0.5)2 +2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.75
Hence, frequency of dominant allele is 0.75.
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quasars emit significant amounts of radiation from the lyman-alpha transition. when the spectrum is observed on earth, it is found that the lyman-alpha line is accompanied by many absorption lines, called the lyman-alpha forest. what is the origin of these lines?
The Lyman-alpha absorption strains withinside the quasar spectra end result from intergalactic gas by which the galaxy or quasar's mild has traveled.
Infalling gas found, star-forming galaxies probable number one electricity supply of Lyman-alpha radiation emitted from big H₂ gas blobs. Billions of lightyears away, big clouds of hydrogen gas produce a unique sort of radiation, a form of ultraviolet mild referred to as Lyman-alpha emissions. The Lyman-alpha absorption strains withinside the quasar spectra end result from intergalactic gas by which the galaxy or quasar's mild has traveled.
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