Answer:
H⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₃O⁺(aq)
Explanation:
According to Brönsted-Lowry acid-base theory, an acid is a substance that donates H⁺. Let's consider the molecular equation showing that benzoic acid is a Brönsted-Lowry acid.
C₆H₅COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and molecular species.
C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the molecular species.
H⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₃O⁺(aq)
Perform the following
mathematical operation, and
report the answer to the correct
number of significant figures.
5.446 x 0.14156
Consider the equilibrium reaction. 4A+B↽−−⇀3C After multiplying the reaction by a factor of 2, what is the new equilibrium equation?
g A laboratory analysis of an unknown compound found the following composition: C 75.68% ; H 8.80% ; O 15.52%. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
Answer:
THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR THE UNKNOWN COMPOUND IS C7H9O
Explanation:
The empirical formula for the unknown compound can be obtained by following the processes below:
1 . Write out the percentage composition of the individual elements in the compound
C = 75.68 %
H = 8.80 %
O = 15.52 %
2. Divide the percentage composition by the atomic masses of the elements
C = 75 .68 / 12 = 6.3066
H = 8.80 / 1 = 8.8000
O = 15.52 / 16 = 0.9700
3. Divide the individual results by the lowest values
C = 6.3066 / 0.9700 = 6.5016
H = 8.8000 / 0.9700 = 9.0722
O = 0.9700 / 0.9700 = 1
4. Round up the values to the whole number
C = 7
H = 9
O = 1
5 Write out the empirical formula for the compound
C7H90
In conclusion, the empirical formula for the unknown compound is therefore C7H9O
How many carbon atoms are represented by the model below
A) 0
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1
Answer:
Option (B) 3.
Explanation:
In the model represented above, the two extreme represent carbon atoms since no other group are attached to it. The joint at the middle also represent carbon atom.
Thus, we can write a more simplify illustration for the model above as
C—C—C
From the above illustration, we can see that the model contains 3 carbon atom.
Arrange the following set of atoms in order of decreasing atomic size: Sn, I, Sr
Which atom has the largest atomic size?
a) Sn
b) I
c) Sr
Which atom has the smallest atomic size?
a) Sn
b) I
c) Sr
Define dew point in complete sentences
Question 4
2 pts
A careless chemistry student performed a chemical reaction where his theoretical yield of
Magnesium oxide was 57.82 grams, but he actually produced 12.89 grams. What is his percent yield
for this experiment? (include the number with 4 significant figures but no units)
Answer:
22.29%
Explanation:
Percent yield = experimental yield / theoretical yield * 100
= 12.89 / 57.82 * 100 = 22.29%
why homoannular diene in uv spectrometry have higher wavlenth than hetroannular diene?
Answer:
Homoanular dienes have a greater base value than heteroanular dienes
Explanation:
Woodward in 1945 gave a set of rules relating the wavelength of maximum absorption to the structure of a compound. These rules were modified by Fieser in 1959. These sets of rules describe the absorption of organic molecules in the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Each system of diene or triene has a given fixed value at which maximum absorption is expected to occur according to Woodward rules. This given fixed value is called the base or parent value. If the two double bonds are trans to each other, the diene is said to be transoid. If the two double bonds belong to different rings, the system is said to be heteroanular and the base value in each case is 215nm. If the double bonds are cis to each other (cisoid), or the two double bonds are in the same ring (homoanular), then the base value is 253nm.
Since λmax = base value + ∑ substituent contributions + ∑ other contributions, if the other contributions are not very significant, homoanular diene will have a greater λmax because of its larger base value compared to heteroanular diene. This correlates well with the fact that conjugated systems absorb at a longer wavelength.
How many moles of gaseous boron trifluoride, BF3, are contained in a 4.3410 L bulb at 788.0 K if the pressure is 1.220 atm What is the complete ground state electron configuration for the neon atom
Answer:
n= 0.08186
{He}2s^2 2p^6
Explanation:
PV=nRT
n=PV/RT
n= (1.220 atm)(4.3410 L) / (0.0821 atm*L/mol*K)(788.0 K)
n=0.08186
As for the electron configuration:
Ne:
{He} 2s^2 2p^6
or long hang:
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6
[tex][Ne]=1s^22s^22p^{10}[/tex]
Given:
A gaseous boron trifluoride in a 4.3410 L bulb at 788.0 K, if the pressure is 1.220 atm.Neon atom.To find:
The moles of gaseous boron trifluoride in a container.The electronic configuration of neon in the ground state.1.
The pressure of the gaseous boron trifluoride = P = 1.220 atm
The volume of the gas in bulb = V = 4.3410 L
The moles of the gaseous boron trifluoride = n
The temperature of gaseous boron trifluoride = T = 788.0 K
Using an ideal gas equation:
[tex]PV = nRT\\\\1.220 atm\times 4.3410 L=n\times 0.0821 atm L/mol K\times 788.0 K\\\\n=\frac{1.220 atm\times 4.3410 L}{0.0821 atm L/mol K\times 788.0 K}\\\\n=0.08186 mol[/tex]
The moles of gaseous boron trifluoride is 0.08186 moles.
2.
The atomic number of neon atom = 10
The electronic configuration in the ground state is the most stable arrangement of the electrons in the lowest energy levels.
The ground state electronic configuration of neon is:
[tex][Ne]=1s^22s^22p^{10}[/tex]
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Which of the following best identifies where long-range order would be found?
ОООО
in amorphous solids
in crystalline solids
in thermal plasmas
in nonthermal plasmas
Answer:
in crystalline solids
Hope this answers your question, good luck
The crystalline solids represent the best identification where the long-range order should be found.
What are crystalline solids?Crystalline solids refer to the solid where the atoms, molecules should be make the arrangement. The smallest & repeated pattern of this solid should be called as the unit cell. The unit cell should be treated as the bricks in the wall which means it should be homogenous in the nature and repeated
Therefore, The crystalline solids represent the best identification where the long-range order should be found.
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Which correctly lists three characteristics of minerals?
solid, crystal structure, definite chemical composition
organic, crystal structure, definite chemical composition
human-made, solid, organic
crystal structure, definite chemical composition, human-made
Answer:a
Explanation:
The three characteristics of minerals are that they are solid, have definite crystal structure and definite chemical composition.
What are minerals?Minerals are defined as a chemical compound which has a well -defined composition and possesses a specific crystal structure.It occurs naturally in the pure form.
If a compound occurs naturally in different crystal structure then each structure is considered as a different mineral.The chemical composition of a mineral varies depending on the presence of small impurities which are present in small quantities.
Some minerals can have variable proportions of two or more chemical elements which occupy equivalent position in the crystal structure.It may also have variable composition which is split into separate species.
Physical properties of minerals include color,streak, luster,specific gravity and cleavage.
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The basic function of a carburetor of an automobile is to atomize the gasoline and mix it with air to promote rapid combustion. As an example, assume that 30 cm3 of gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets, each with a radius of 2.0 × 10−5 m. What is the total surface area of these N spherical droplets? Answer: [A] m2.
Answer:
The total surface area of these N spherical droplets is 4.4929 m²
Explanation:
From the information given :
assuming that :
30 cm³ of gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets &
each with a radius of 2.0 × 10−5 m
We are tasked to determine the total surface area of these N spherical droplets
We all known that:
[tex]1 \ cm^3 = 10 ^{-6} m^3[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]30 \ cm^3 = 30 * 10 ^{-6} m^3 = 3 *1 0^{-5} \ m^3[/tex]
For each droplet; there is a required volume which is = [tex]\dfrac{4}{3} \pi r ^3[/tex] since it assumes a sphere shape .
Thus;
replacing radius(r) with 2.0 × 10−5 m; we have:
[tex]= \dfrac{4}{3} \pi * (2.0 *10^{-5} m) ^3[/tex]
= [tex]3.35 * 10^{-14} \ m^3[/tex]
However; there are [tex]3*10^{-5} \ m^3[/tex] gasoline atomized into N spherical droplets with each with radius 2.0 × 10−5 m
For N ; we have ;
[tex]=\dfrac{3*10^{-5} \ m^3}{3.35 * 10^{-14} \ m^3/ droplet}[/tex]
= [tex]8.95*10^8 \ droplet s[/tex]
So; each droplet have a surface area = [tex]4 \pi r^2[/tex]
= [tex]4 \pi (2.0*10^{-5}m) ^2[/tex]
= [tex]5.02*10^{-9} \ m^2/droplets[/tex]
The surface area per droplet is equivalent to [tex]5.02*10^{-9} \ m^2/droplets[/tex]
Thus;
The total surface area of these N spherical droplets will be :
= [tex]8.95*10^8 \ droplet s * 5.02*10^{-9} \ m^2/ droplets[/tex]
= 4.4929 m²
The total surface area of these N spherical droplets is 4.4929 m²
Lewis structure of methyl metcaptain
Answer:
The lewis structure of the compounds can be drawn by making the skeleton of the molecule first. Then the different atoms are arranged and the electrons are arranged in their bonding pattern. The lone pair of the atoms, which are not involved in the bonding are represented by the dots.
So the lewis structures of both the compound methyl mercaptan has been in the attached image:
Spelling of methyl metcaptain is wrong, the correct spelling is methyl mercaptan.
Answer:
Methyl mercaptan is also known as Methanethiol with the chemical formula CH3SH and it is an organosulfur compound.
For lewis structure of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), there are total 14 valence electrons. Four hydrogen atoms has one valence electron each, carbon has four valence electrons and sulfur has six valence electrons. Carbon form one bond with three hydrogen atoms by sharing one electron with each, carbon form one single bond with sulfur atom by sharing one electron with it and sulfur form one single bond with hydrogen. Sulfur left with four unpair electrons.
MnBr2 molecular or ionic:
name:
molecular or ionic
Answer: Manganese(II)bromide
Explanation:
Because it is a chemical compound composed of manganese and bromine
A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes to form a new white substance B and a gas C. The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtained when carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on these observations, can we determine whether solids A and B and the gas C are elements or compounds?
Answer:
A, B and C are compounds
Explanation:
First of all, I need to establish that when carbon is burnt in excess oxygen, carbon dioxide is obtained as shown by this equation; C(s) + O2(g) ----> CO2(g).
Looking at the presentation in the question, A was said to be heated strongly and it decomposed to B and C. Only a compound can decompose when heated. Elements can not decompose on heating. Secondly, compounds usually decompose to give the same compounds that combined to form them. Compounds hardly decompose into their constituent elements.
Again from the information provided, the compound A is a white solid. This is likely to be CaCO3. It decomposes to give another white solid. This may be CaO and the gas was identified as CO2.
Hence;
CaCO3(s)--------> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
A chemist dissolves 867. mg of pure barium hydroxide in enough water to make up 170. mL of solution. Calculate the pH of the solution. (The temperature of the solution is 25 degree C.) Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Answer: The pH of the solution is 11.2
Explanation:
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of the solution.
[tex]Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}[/tex]
where,
n = moles of solute
[tex]V_s[/tex] = volume of solution in ml
moles of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] = [tex]\frac{\text {given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}=\frac{0.867g}{171g/mol}=0.00507mol[/tex] (1g=1000mg)
Now put all the given values in the formula of molality, we get
[tex]Molarity=\frac{0.00507\times 1000}{170}[/tex]
[tex]Molarity=0.0298[/tex]
pH or pOH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
pH is calculated by taking negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
[tex]pOH=-\log [OH^-][/tex]
[tex]Ba(OH)_2\rightarrow Ba^{2+}+2OH^{-}[/tex]
According to stoichiometry,
1 mole of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] gives 2 mole of [tex]OH^-[/tex]
Thus 0.0298 moles of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] gives =[tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.0298=0.0596[/tex] moles of [tex]OH^-[/tex]
Putting in the values:
[tex]pOH=-\log[0.0596]=2.82[/tex]
[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]
[tex]pH=14-2.82[/tex]
[tex]pH=11.2[/tex]
Thus the pH of the solution is 11.2
What would have happened to your % Transmittance reading and to your calculations of Keq if the spectrophotometer had been set at 520 nm rather than 447nm
Answer:
On the off chance that the wavelength(λ) maximum worth has been changed to 520 nm from 470 nm on the spectrophotometer, less light would be absorbed and in this way %T would be higher than the one found at 470 nm. The wavelength utilized at 520 nm isn't adequate for the excitation and consequently lesser light is absorbed by the arrangement.
Explanation:
A spectrophotometer is an analytical equipment used to quantitatively gauge the transmission(passage) or impression of visible light, UV light or infrared light through a medium.
Transmittance (τ) is the ratio of the brilliant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation.
where, Keq is the equilibrium constant.
On the off chance that the wavelength(λ) has been changed to 520 nm from 470 nm on the spectrophotometer, less light would be absorbed and in this way %T would be higher than the one found at 470 nm.
What happens to Transmittance?A spectrophotometer is an analytical equipment used to quantitatively gauge the transmission(passage) or impression of visible light, UV light or infrared light through a medium. Transmittance (τ) is the ratio of the brilliant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation. The wavelength utilized at 520 nm isn't adequate for the excitation and consequently lesser light is absorbed by the arrangement. As the concentration goes up, more radiation is absorbed and the absorbance goes up. Therefore, the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration.
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A gas contained in a steel tank has a volume of 1.5 L at a temperature of 390 K. What will be the volume when the temperature changes to 1470C? Group of answer choices
Answer:
1.5 L
Explanation:
If the gas is contained in a steel tank, the volume will remain constant when the temperature changes.
The volume will be 1.5 L.
g Which statement is incorrect regarding oxidation? Oxidation is a "gain" of electrons. Oxidation is the combination with O atoms. Oxidation is an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation is always accompanied by reduction. none of these
Answer:
The incorrect statement from the options is OXIDATION IS A "GAIN" OF ELECTRONS
Explanation:
Oxidation in a redox reaction is the loss of electrons. It is also the increase in the oxidation states of an atom or ion or atoms in a molecule. A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons from an atom or ion to another resulting in a change in oxidation states of the substances involved. The reducing agent in the reaction is undergoes oxidation by losing electrons while the oxidating agent is reduced that is it gains electrons at the end of the reaction. The atom or ion from which electron is lost is said to be oxidized while the other atom or ion involved in the reaction is reduced.
Oxidation is also the combination with O atoms and it is always accompanied by reduction because oxidation forms a half of the whole redox reaction. A substance cannot be oxidized except it has reduced another substance by losing electrons to it.
How many water molecules are in a block of ice containing 1.25 mol of water (H2O)
Answer:
Molecules = 7.5 × 10²³ molecules
Explanation:
Given:
Moles = 1.25 mol
Avogadro's No. = [tex]N_{A}[/tex] = 6.022 * 10²³
Required:
Molecules = ?
Formula:
Molecules = Moles × [tex]N_{A}[/tex]
Solution:
Molecules = 1.25 × 6.022 × 10²³
Molecules = 7.5 × 10²³ molecules
. A compound X, containing C, H, and O was found to have a relative molar mass of 6o
whilst 20.0g of X contained 8.0g of C and 1.33g of H. Calculate the empirical formula
of compound X, and hence determine its molecule formula. show calculation
Answer:
empirical formula = CH2O
molecular formula = C2H4O2
(a) How many stereoisomers are possible for 4-methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediol? ___ (b) Name the stereoisomers formed by oxidation of (S)-4-methylcyclohexene with osmium tetroxide. If there is only one stereoisomer formed, leave the second space blank. Isomer #1: Isomer #2: (c) Is the product formed in step (b) optically active? _____
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
For the first part of the question, we have to check the chiral carbons in 4-methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediol. In this case carbons, 1 and 2 are chiral, if we have 2 chiral carbons we will have 4 isomers. We have to remember that formula 2^n in which "n" is the number of chiral carbons, so:
2^n = 2^2 = 4 isomers
And the isomers that we can have are:
1) (1R,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
2) (1S,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
3) (1S,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
4) (1S,2R)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
See figure 1
For the second part of the question, we have to remember that the oxidation with [tex]OsO_4[/tex] is a syn addition. In other words, the "OHs" are added in the same plane. In this case, we have the methyl group with a wedge bond, so the "OH" groups will have a dashed bond due to the steric hindrance. Due to this we only can have 1 isomer ((1S,2R,4S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol). Finally, on this molecule, we dont have any symmetry planes (this characteristic will cancel out the optical activity), so the product of this reaction has optical activity.
See figure 2
I hope it helps!
A compound consisting of atoms of small atomic mass is more likely to require what
Answer:
a lower temperature to liquefy
Explanation:
The mathematics of combining quantum theory with wave motion of atomic particles is known as _____.
Combining quantum theory with wave motion of atomic particles is: Wave Mechanics
Identify the precipitation reaction in the set?
Answer:
The third reaction
(2NaOH + NiCL2 ---> 2NaCl + Ni(OH)2)
Explanation:
By definition, a precipitation reaction refers to the formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined.
(Source: lumenlearning)
From the 4 options, we can eliminate the first and second one immediately because there is no formation of an insoluble salt.
Then, the last one can also be eliminated because even though there is insoluble solid formed, but it is not a salt, and, the reactants are not solutions too. In fact, the last one is a displacement reaction. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal to form an ion.
Since the third reaction matches the definition of precipitation reaction, this is the answer.
How are sodium (Na) and potassium (K) similar?
O
A. They rarely react.
B. They are hard metals.
O O
C. They are highly reactive.
D. They are soft nonmetals.
Answer:
They are also relatively soft metals: sodium and potassium can be cut with a butter knife.
Answer:A
Explanation:
A 3.00-g sample of an alloy (containing only Pb and Sn) was dissolved in nitric acid (HNO3). Sulfuric acid was added to this solution, which precipitated 2.93 g of PbSO4. Assuming that all of the lead was precipitated, what is the percentage of Sn in the sample? (molar mass of PbSO4 = 303.3 g/mol)
Answer:
33.3% of Sn in the sample
Explanation:
The addition of SO₄⁻ ions produce the selective precipitation of Pb²⁺ to produce PbSO₄.
Moles of PbSO₄ (molar mass 303.26g/mol) in 2.93g are:
2.93g ₓ (1mol / 303.26) = 9.66x10⁻³ moles PbSO₄ = Moles Pb²⁺.
As molar mass of Pb is 207.2g/mol, mass in 9.66x10⁻³ moles of Pb²⁺ is:
9.66x10⁻³ moles of Pb²⁺ ₓ (207.2g / mol) = 2.00g of Pb²⁺
As mass of the sample is 3.00g, mass of Sn²⁺ is 3.00g - 2.00g = 1.00g
And the percentage of Sn in the sample is:
1.00g / 3.00g ₓ 100 =
33.3% of Sn in the sampleIf an electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 4.5 x 10^18 Hz, what is its wavelength? The speed of light is 3 x 108 m/s.
Answer:
Wavelength, λ = 6.7 x 10^-11 m
Explanation:
Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other.
In this problem;
f = 4.5 x 10^18 Hz
wavelength, λ = ?
Speed of light, c = 3 x 108 m/s.
These variables are related by the following equation;
c = λ * f
Making λ subject of focus, we have;
λ = c / f
λ = 3 x 10^8 / 4.5 x 10^18
λ = 0.67 x 10^-10
λ = 6.7 x 10^-11 m
Write the empirical formula
Answer:
[tex]Pb(CO_{3})_{2} \\Pb(NO_{3})_{4} \\FeCO_{3}\\Fe(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]Pb^{4+}(CO_{3}^{2-})_{2} --->Pb(CO_{3})_{2} \\Pb^{4+} (NO_{3}^{-})_{4} --->Pb(NO_{3})_{4} \\Fe^{2+} CO_{3}^{2-} --->FeCO_{3}\\Fe^{2+} (NO_{3}^{-})_{2}--->Fe(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex]
warming oceans temperatures directly lead to all of the following except A sea level rising B coral bleaching C ocean deoxigenation D pollution
Answer:
D. pollution
Explanation:
Increase in ocean temperature is one of the major consequence of global warming which directly leads to rise in sea level, coral bleaching and ocean deoxygenation.
Warming ocean temperatures do not leads to pollution directly whereas pollution leads to warming ocean temperatures. So, in the case of pollution, the effect is opposite.
Hence, the correct option is D.