Why were the arts such a big deal in ancient Athens?

Answer:

The most noteworthy result of Pericles’ public-works campaign was the magnificent Parthenon, a temple in honor of the city’s patron goddess Athena. The architects Iktinos and Kallikrates and the sculptor Phidias began work on the temple in the middle of the 5th century B.C. The Parthenon was built atop the Acropolis, a natural pedestal made of rock that was the site of the earliest settlements in Athens, and Pericles invited other people to build there as well: In 437 B.C., for example, the architect Mnesikles started to build a grand gateway known as the Propylaia at its western end, and at the end of the century, artisans added a smaller temple for the Greek goddess Athena—this one in honor of her role as the goddess of victory, Athena Nike—along with one for Athena and Erechtheus, an Athenian king. Still, the Parthenon remained the site’s main attraction.

Did you know? Many of the sculptures from the Parthenon are on display at the British Museum in London. They are known as the Elgin Marbles.

Greek Temple Architecture

With its rectangular stone platform, front and back porches (the pronaos and the opisthodomos) and rows of columns, the Parthenon was a commanding example of Greek temple architecture. Typically, the people of ancient Greece did not worship inside their temples as we do today. Instead, the interior room (the naos or the cella) was relatively small, housing just a statue of the deity the temple was built to honor. Worshippers gathered outside, entering only to bring offerings to the statue.

The temples of classical Greece all shared the same general form: Rows of columns supporting a horizontal entablature (a kind of decorative molding) and a triangular roof. At each end of the roof, above the entablature, was a triangular space known as the pediment, into which sculptors squeezed elaborate scenes. On the Parthenon, for example, the pediment sculptures show the birth of Athena on one end and a battle between Athena and Poseidon on the other.

So that people standing on the ground could see them, these pediment sculptures were usually painted bright colors and were arrayed on a solid blue or red background. This paint has faded with age; as a result, the pieces of classical temples that survive today appear to be made of white marble alone.

Proportion and Perspective

The architects of classical Greece came up with many sophisticated techniques to make their buildings look perfectly even. They crafted horizontal planes with a very slight upward U-shape and columns that were fatter in the middle than at the ends. Without these innovations, the buildings would appear to sag; with them, they looked flawless and majestic.

Ancient Greek Sculpture

Not many classical statues or sculptures survive today. Stone statues broke easily, and metal ones were often melted for re-use. However, we know that Greek sculptors such as Phidias and Polykleitos in the 5th century and Praxiteles, Skopas and Lysippos in the 4th century had figured out how to apply the rules of anatomy and perspective to the human form just as their counterparts applied them to buildings. Earlier statues of people had looked awkward and fake, but by the classical period they looked natural, almost at ease. They even had realistic-looking facial expressions.

One of the most celebrated Greek sculptures is the Venus de Milo, carved in 100 B.C. during the Hellenistic Age by the little-known Alexandros of Antioch. She was discovered in 1820 on the island of Melos.

Ancient Greek Pottery

Classical Greek pottery was perhaps the most utilitarian of the era’s art forms. People offered small terra cotta figurines as gifts to gods and goddesses, buried them with the dead and gave them to their children as toys. They also used clay pots, jars and vases for almost everything. These were painted with religious or mythological scenes that, like the era’s statues, grew more sophisticated and realistic over time.

Explanation:

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1
2
3
Which Han emperor adopted Confucianism as his empire's official state philosophy?
А. Liu Bang
В. Wudi
C. Shihuangdi
D. Mencius
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
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D
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A) True
B) False

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B) False

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The Northeast
The Midwest
The South
Produced manufactured goods Supplied food resources Provided raw materials
What was one result of these regional differences?
A)
Cities in the South emerged as centers for textile mills.
B)
Slavery increased in the North as industrialization expanded.
C)
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D)
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how did monotheism affect the Jewish people?
A. it made them more accepting of a wide range of beliefs
B. it helped them build powerful armies to defend themselves.
C. is United them even when their communities broke apart.
D. it encouraged them to worship many different gods. ​

The rhetoric William Jennings Bryan uses in his "Cross of Gold" speech
supports which of the following conclusions about the Populist movement,
which he embraced?
A. The movement promoted government subsidies for railroad
trusts.
B. The movement fought to keep inflation rates as low as possible
for farmers.
C. The movement drew most of its support from poor rural
Americans.
D. The movement opposed the expansion of gold mining on federal
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Early pioneers faced both physical barriers and helpful gateways on their journeys to America's west. Choose ALL true statements about the gateways that benefited these pioneers.

A.) The paths and roads were already created, so people head west any time.
B.) Mountain passes provided faster routs for traveling over or around a mountain.
C.) The soft sands and the dry climate of the desert is what drew people to the west.
D.) Flat grasslands of the Great Plains had mild weather and were easy to travel through.
E.) Midwestern swampland was easy to travel through and full of animals to hunt for food.

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B. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

C. Susan B. Anthony

D. Frances Willard

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Why is the historical document Hammurabi's Code significant?

A. It established an official religion.

B. It established a new economic system.

C. It established a democratic government.

D. It established written laws that guided the community.

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