why might scientists be wary of the results of a single experiment testing a particular treatment, even when the results are peer reviewed and statistically significant

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The results may not be true for humans if the experiment used a model organism.

Explanation:

An animal model is an animal species used in research that mimics diverse human traits/features such as, for example, human response to certain diseases. Thus, animal models may provide useful information related to human developmental biology and human diseases (i.e., prevention, diagnosis, treatment, etc). However, in general, experiments involving animal models cannot be used to predict human outcomes. For example, in genetics, animal models exhibit different features to humans, including but not limited to genomes (i.e., different number and structure of chromosomes), genes, gene regulatory pathways, epigenetics gene regulatory mechanisms, etc. In consequence, animal tests may be unreliable and therefore their results cannot be directly extrapolated to human subjects.


Related Questions

A researcher stimulates, with a small electrical charge, a portion of a cat's limbic system. The cat suddenly jumps and acts as if it is fighting. What portion of the limbic system was stimulated

Answers

Answer: amygdala

Explanation:

The limbic system, refers to the set of brain structures that's located on the sides of the thalamus. The function of the limbic system include olfaction, behavior, emotion, and long-term memory.

Since the cat suddenly jumps and acts as if it is fighting, the portion of the limbic system that was stimulated is the amygdala.

'Complete the diagram to show the results you would see at 40°C and 60°C'

Answers

Answeryeah it’s that one

Explanation: yup, definitely that one.

All prokaryotes are _________ eukaryotes
More complex than
Smaller than
Larger than
Similar in size to

Answers

Smaller than eukaryotes

What stage of mitosis is depicted by the image above?
O metaphase
telophase
O prophase
O anaphase
cytokinesis

Answers

Answer:

telophase

Explanation:

because the chromatids are pulled to the opposite sides

During phagocytosis of one cell to another, the larger cell engulfs the smaller cell by enclosing it in a part of its plasma membrane which then pinches off so the cell is then within the larger cell. Given this may have been the process that brought bacterial cells into the ancestors of eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts, what structural characteristics might be expected in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answers

Explanation:

Phagocytosis is the process by which cells ingest large particles, including other cells, by enclosing the particles in an extension of the cell membrane and budding off a new vesicle. During pinocytosis, cells take in molecules such as water from the extracellular fluid.

help plz ill give brainly

Answers

Answer:

tapeworm

Explanation:

tapeworm will absorb nutrients from human's body

Answer:

tape worm

Explanation:

the infect the uhm rear area

Explain how you can use a pattern of clapping sounds to transfer information. PLS HELPPPPPPPP.

Answers

Answer:

You can use Morse code to transfer information

A concentration of nerve cells in one area is called ?


no links

Answers

Answer:

neuron

Explanation:

In the peripheral nervous system a bundle of axons is called a nerve. In the central nervous system a bundle of axons is called a tract.

Classify this cell type

DONT POST ANY LINK IN THE ANSWER OR ELSE I WILL REPORT YOU. Will mark BRAINLIEST if correct :)

Answers

Its a Eukaryotic cell

PLEASE PLEASE ANSWER FAST PLEASE
what are the most common c0vId vaccine myths and how did they start? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

The most common myths are:

- C0vid2019 vaccines cause autism  

- C0vid2019 vaccines may modify your DNA

- C0vid2019 vaccines are unsafe

Explanation:

The most common myths associated with C0vid2019 vaccines are:  

1- C0vid2019 vaccines may cause autism: In 1998, Andrew Wakefield and colleagues published a controversial study in the Lancet where they suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may cause autism in some children. However, it has been showed that this study was based on erroneous statements and therefore this publication was retracted.

2- C0vid2019 vaccine may modify your DNA: it has been suggested that vaccines based on viral vectors (e.g. adenoviruses) and mRNA vaccines may modify the DNA of cells. This statement is false because these technologies cannot alter the DNA sequence. These vaccines are based on the production of an mRNA sequence that is translated into a viral protein (spike protein) which triggers an immune response

- C0vid2019 vaccines are unsafe: some people believe that C0vid2019 vaccines are unsafe because they were developed quickly. However, this statement is false because all vaccines (including C0vid2019 vaccines) need to follow rigorous safety standards to be approved by governmental agencies (i.e., they approved all clinical trials).

Gametes produced by the parents are shown along the __________________ and _______________ sides of the Punnett square.

Answers

Answer:

Vertical and horizontal

Explanation:

A punnet square is a tabular chart used in genetics to display the genotypic composition of the offsprings of two parents. To construct a punnet square, the alleles of the gametes produced by the parents is required.

The gametes produced by each parent via meiosis are placed along the vertical and horizontal sides of the punnet square. For example, if a cross occurs between two parents with the following genotype: AaBb and AAbb. The parents will produce the following gametes:

AaBb - AB, Ab, aB, ab

AAbb - Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab

These gametes produces by each parent will be placed along the sides (vertical and horizontal) of a punnet square to determine the genotype of the offsprings that will be produced.

Name three factors that can result in a decrease in the size of a population

Answers

Answer:

birth rate,death rate, immigration and emigration

The four most fundamental factors that contribute to the decrease of size in population is birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration.

ow do cells use food to make energy and maintain homeostasis

Answers

Answer:

Cells obtain energy through the process of cellular respiration. It is a metabolic process of conversion of the biochemical energy from the nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ... They exchange substances with the new cells and also eliminate the wastes thereby maintaining homeostasis.

Explanation:

There are several ion transport mechanisms within the cell membrane that function to maintain proper levels of solutes inside and outside the cell. ... This system uses the energy stored in ATP to pump potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell.

Cual es mi nota 80\68.Panama

Answers

Explanation:

81.

pasando los 50 puntos de la segunda parte ya se considera un punto más.

water moving along the ground, into and including rivers
and streams.
is it
Transpiration
Infiltration
Percolation
Surface runoff

Answers

Answer:

surface runoff is the answer

surface runoff is the definition

can someone help me??

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

because you don't selective breeding to weak gene.

hope this help u to understand:)

help with all of them please ​

Answers

Quizlet has answers to the test just type the test name in

how does the nervous system communicate with other parts of the body?

Answers

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The central nervous system communicates with the rest of the body by sending messages from the brain through the nerves that branch off of your spine.

Explanation:

The central nervous system communicates with the rest of the body by sending messages from the brain through the nerves that branch off of your spine. You are able to move your body

Teeth of herbivores are always..................................

Select one:

a.

pointed and help them grinding plant

b.

Flat for grinding plant

c.

sharp for tearing meet​

Answers

it would be b, it would be pointy for meat not plants

Identify ALL of the functions of proteins. Structure and is found in tendons, bones, and ligaments. Communication and works as chemical messengers such as hormones. Defense as in antibodies. Transportation and are embedded in the cell membrane to allow substances to move across the cell membrane. Enzymes that lower the activation energy of a reaction. Contraction to allow muscle and cell contraction/movement. Eicosanoid such as in regulation of blood pressure or inflammation. Steroids such as cholesterol. Glycogen for energy storage in muscles.

Answers

Answer:

Structure and is found in tendons, bones, and ligaments.

Communication and works as chemical messengers such as hormones.

Defense as in antibodies.

Transportation and are embedded in the cell membrane to allow substances to move across the cell membrane.

Enzymes that lower the activation energy of a reaction.

Contraction to allow muscle and cell contraction/movement.

Explanation:

Proteins serve many functions in living organisms.

Structure: The most abundant protein in mammals is collagen and is found throughout the body. In a major component of connective tissue such as skin, ligaments, and tendons providing strength and elasticity to these tissues. It is found also mineralized in bones and teeth.

Proteins function as hormones which are chemical messengers that mediate many cellular responses in the body. For example, the hormone insulin is a protein.

Proteins functions in the body's immune system as antibodies which recognize and initiate immune responses against diseases. The immunoglobulin such as immunoglobulin A and G are proteins.

Proteins serves as transporters to move substances across the cell memebrane. Some are found as peripheral or integral membrane proteins. Examples of transport proteins are the glucose transporters, Glut-1, Glut-2 and Glut-4 transporters.

Enzymes are proteins which catalyse the chemical reactions tanking place in an organisms. Various enzymes in the body include the hydrolases, the ligands, the leases, etc.

Contraction of the actin filaments of the muscle which are proteins, allow muscle and cell contraction bringing about movement.

A Note on the other options.

Eicosanoids are lipid molecules which serve various functions such as in regulation of blood pressure or inflammation.

Steroids such as cholesterol are lipid-derived molecules.

Glycogen for energy storage in muscles is a storage form of glucose, a carbohydrate.

Do sex-linked traits that originate from mutated genes found on X chromosome affect one sex more than the other? why/why not

Answers

Ew sex don’t even ask that kind of question

HLPE ME FAST PLSSSSS NEED HELP PROBS WILL GIVE BRAINLY

Answers

Answer:

28. Transverse (all electromagnetic waves are transverse)

29. White light.

A light wave is a transverse wave.

If we mix red, blue, and green lights we would make white light.

Hope this helps! :D

How do scientists think Prokaryotic Cells contributed to changing Earth’s atmosphere to include more oxygen?

Answers

Explanation:

Then, about 2.5 billion years ago, oxygen started getting added to the atmosphere by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. “Oxygen is produced as a waste product of photosynthesis. ... “The production and burial of plant matter over long periods causes oxygen levels to rise,” explains Poulsen

Explain how the cell division of cancer cells like these are misregulated. Identify genetic and other changes that might have caused these cells to escape normal cell cycle regulation

Answers

Answer:

Due to non-functioning of protein.

Explanation:

The cell division of cancer cells like these are misregulated because they can't be control by the proteins that is responsible for the control cell division. The cancer cells can multiply without any growth control factors, or growth-stimulating protein signals that control its growth. There are some proteins that is responsible for control of cell division but due to mutation that protein of substance stop working and the cancer cell grows uncontrollable.

In his journey to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin was amazed by the variation in the characteristics of plants and animals he encountered. In any habitat, food can be limited and the types of foods available may vary. One year, there was no rain on these islands. Many plants failed to bloom and produced no new seeds. This left mostly large, tough seeds for the finches to eat. Describe one change in beak characteristics that would most likely occur in the finch population after many generations if this change in seed size became permanent.

Answers

Beaks would become longer or sharper

what is crop rotation​

Answers

Answer:

MARK ME BRAINLIST

Explanation:

the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same land chiefly to preserve the productive capacity of the soil.

Answer:

Crop rotation was used during the agricultural revolution. It allowed the soil to be healthier and prevented the nutrients from being stripped from the soil. Crop rotation is when your land in separated into different fields for different plants. Usually you would have two or three. One field is left fallow (land that is taken care of, but does not have any crops), and the other one/s are for whatever you choose to plant. Each season you rotate your crops so each field has a turn to be fallow.

Explanation:

Example: you separate your land into three fields. Field 1 has potatoes, field 2 has wheat, and field 3 is fallow. Next season Field 1 is fallow, Field 2 has potatoes, and Field 3 has wheat.

If someone called you a diploid, why would you not be offended?

Answers

Answer:who knows

Explanation:

What do checkpoints do in the cell cycle?

Answers

Answer: Checkpoints in the cell cycle A checkpoint is a moment in the eukaryotic cell cycle where the cell considers internal and external inputs before deciding whether or not to divide. There are other checkpoints, but the following are the three most important: At the G/S changeover, there is a G checkpoint.

Explanation:

knowledge!

Where does an avocado plant get carbon atoms to make proteins? *

Air
Water
Soil
Sunlight

Answers

Answer:

i believe it is A: air because carbon comes from air so if they take in the air to maike it they are also taking in carbon

Explanation:

Kdkdkslslslsosoxosososowowowo air

What is most likely to happen if an individual restricts consumption of dietary fat to very low levels?

A.
development of scurvy
B.
development of atherosclerosis
C.
loss of insulation around vital organs
D.
loss of hemoglobin from red blood cells

Answers

C. Loss of insulation around vital organs
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