Why gene flow isn’t the cause of antibiotic resistance

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Antibiotic resistance continues to become worse, despite the ever-increasing resources devoted to combat the problem. One of the most important factors in the development of resistance to antibiotics is the remarkable ability of bacteria to share genetic resources via Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT).

LGT occurs on a global scale, such that in theory, any gene in any organism anywhere in the microbial biosphere might be mobilized and spread. With sufficiently strong selection, any gene may spread to a point where it establishes a global presence. From an antibiotic resistance perspective, this means that a resistance phenotype can appear in a diverse range of infections around the globe nearly simultaneously. We discuss the forces and agents that make this LGT possible and argue that the problem of resistance can ultimately only be managed by understanding the problem from a broad ecological and evolutionary perspective. We also argue that human activities are exacerbating the problem by increasing the tempo of LGT and bacterial evolution for many traits that are important to humans.


Related Questions

PLS HELP ME WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

In the African Savanna, there are herbivores such as gazelles and zebras that feed on the grasses. Carnivores such as lions and cheetahs, also live in the area and eat gazelles and zebras. If a disease kills most of the gazelles, which best describes what might happen to the zebra population?



The zebra population would increase because of the increased competition for grass.



The zebra population would decrease because of the decreased competition for grass.



The zebra population would decrease because of increased predation by the lions and cheetahs.



The zebra population would increase because of decreased predation by the lions and cheetahs.

Answers

the third answer is correct

1. Which of the following functions is the cell membrane responsible for? (Choose all that apply) containing the cell U protecting the cell regulating the cell's interaction with its surroundings housing hereditary information​

Answers

Answer:

The First three answers are correct. (The last one refers to the nucleus which is also inside the cell membrane so i don't know if it's correct)

All of the options are correct for the function of cell membrane.

What is cell membrane?

The cell membrane is a thin selectively semi-permeable membrane an outer covering of a cell by surrounding cell cytoplasm.

Proteins and lipids are the major components of cell membrane where as the ratio of protein to lipid in cell membrane may vary depending on types of cells.

The most common lipid in membrane is phospholipid, which form a semi-permeable lipid bilayer.

The function of cell membrane is to protect the integrity of the internal environment of the cell, act as a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms resulted in support cell and maintain its shape.

It helps in transport of nutrients into the cell and transport of toxic substances out of the cell due to its selectively permeable nature.

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how will building a road through the rainforest affect logging companies?

Answers

It will destroy the trees that the logging company needs

Answer:

The loggers will chop the trees, they will make money which would help the ecosystem. Although the earth would get warmer because the tree will not be using the Co2 for photosynthesis.

Explanation:

In a loudspeaker, ............... energy is converted into sound energy.

electrical

mechanical

kinetic

light​

Answers

Answer:

electrical energy is converted

What is the complementary DNA strand to G C A T C T A A ?

Answers

Answer:

C G T A G A T T

Explanation: The complementary strand would be  C G T A G A T T because you could think of it like

"A" Apple would go to a "T" Tree

And "C" Car would go with a "G" Garage.

For example if a DNA strand would be  C G T T A

The complementary version would be G C A A T

Green plants are able to make their own food from
simple raw materials around them. This process is
called Blank
The
energy
needed for
photosynthesis comes from the B
LC с is a substance that absorbs sunlight.
The light energy is able to
carbon dioxide
and
E into F The
sugars are the
plant's G Oxygen is made as a H Н.
product.

Answers

Answer:

E

into G oxygen is made as a H H

True or False: New DNA is copied from existing DNA

Answers

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. To accomplish this, each strand of existing DNA acts as a template for replication.

The table shows a list of organelles and their functions within an animal cell.

Cell Organelle

cell membrane - allows nutrients in and out of the cell

mitochondria - create the energy supply for the cell
organelle - ?

Which important animal cell organelle is missing from the table, and how would this affect the cell?

A. The chloroplast is missing, and the cell would not be able to produce sugar.

В. The cytoplasm is missing, and the cell would not be able to produce energy

C. The cell wall is missing, and the cell would not be able to maintain its rigid structure

D. The nucleus is missing, and the cell would not have genetic information for reproduction

Answers

Answer:

An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that is enclosed within a membrane and performs a specific job. Organelles are involved in many vital cell functions. Organelles in animal cells include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and vacuoles.A

Explanation:

During summer the scorpion constellation can be easily seen during winter the scorpion cannot be seen how would you explain this observation A in winter the scorpion is usually hidden by the moon B in winter the scorpion is covered by the Milky Way C in winter the scorpion is in the sky during the day D in winter the scorpion is often hidden by clouds

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

i just did it and it said it's C

3. Which statement accurately describes the role of the light-independent reactions?
(A
transforming light energy into chemical energy
B
transferring chemical energy to high-energy sugars
© returning chemical energy to light energy
O transferring light energy among different compounds

Answers

Answer:

I think a because I'm not an expert but I pay attention in science

The statement that accurately describes the role of the light-independent reactions is as follows:

Transferring chemical energy to high-energy sugars.

Thus, the correct option for this question is B.

What is a Light-independent reaction?

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast in the presence of light itself. Rubisco is involved in this type of reaction. The Final product of this reaction is the production of carbohydrates. It also involves the fixation or reduction or assimilation of Carbon dioxide.

In the light-independent reaction, the light energy is transformed into chemical energy which is then transferred to the high-energy sugars component in order to derive energy for metabolic activities. The storage of high-energy sugar for future use when direct sugar is not available is also accomplished in this reaction.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.

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Which statement describes one characteristic of this molecule?

a.) it is the template for the replication of genetic information

b.) organic catalysts are made of these molecules

c.) it is different in each cell of an organism

d.) cell membranes contain many of these molecules

PLS HELP GIVING BRAINLIST TO ANYONE WHO ANSWERS

Answers

Answer:

1

Explanation:

Transcription and translation, the two main processes involved in protein synthesis, have distinct molecular inputs and outputs. Which statement about inputs and outputs in these processes is true?
A. DNA is an input for the process of transcription and an output for the process of translation.
B. DNA is an input for the process of translation and is not involved in the process of transcription.
C. Messenger RNA is an output for the process of transcription and an input for the process of translation.
D. Messenger RNA is an input for the process of transcription and is not involved in the process of translation.

Answers

Answer:

C. Messenger RNA is an output for the process of transcription and an input for the process of translation.

Explanation:

Transcription is where DNA is copied to form RNA. Translation is the process where mRNA is converted to proteins. Therefore mRNA is the output of transcription and the input of translation.

The statement which is true about inputs and outputs of transcription and translation is as follows:

Messenger RNA is an output for the process of transcription and an input for the process of translation.

Thus, the correct option is C.

What is Transcription?

Transcription may be defined as a process through which a cell constructs an RNA copy in the form of a messenger RNA from a piece of DNA. This biological process of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

While translation may be defined as a process through which a form of messenger RNA converts into specific amino acid sequences to form a particular protein. This process of gene expression occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

In transcription, DNA acts as input while mRNA is output, in translation, this same set of mRNA acts as input while the sequence of amino acids is output.

Therefore, messenger RNA is an output for the process of transcription and an input for the process of translation. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

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Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait, represented by...
a lowercase letter h
an uppercase letter H​

Answers

Answer:

hemophilia is represented by a lowercase h

Explanation:

because it is a recessive trait and not a dominant one

Answer:

the answer is a lowercase h

How does a change in the biodiversity of an ecosystem affect humans?

Answers

Answer:

Biodiversity loss can have significant direct human health impacts if ecosystem services are no longer adequate to meet social needs. Indirectly, changes in ecosystem services affect livelihoods, income, local migration and, on occasion, may even cause or exacerbate political conflict.

hope it helps!

please mark as the brainliest!

Roger explains to his sister the importance of water in cell processes. He describes the chemical structure of water to her. Which of the following claims about water can be supported by evidence?

Water is an element.

Water is a molecule because it contains carbon.

Water is a molecule because it is made up of two different elements.

Water is a molecule because it is made up of two or more atoms chemically combined.

Answers

Answer:

Water is a molecule because it is made up of two different elements

Explanation:

I just took the test

An offspring with type o blood (00) can only belong to which of the following combinations
of parents?

Answers

Answer:

AO X BO

Explanation:

Offspring will look like AB AO BO OO

Why might better-insulated buildings make air pollution more of a problem?Why might better-insulated buildings make air pollution more of a problem?

Answers

COMPLETE QUESTION:

Why might better-insulated buildings make air pollution more of a problem?

ANSWER: It prevents the passage of waste gases out of the building and inflow of fresh air which can leads to health related issues.

EXPLANATION:

Building insulation reduces the heat surplus in warmer weather condition and reduces the heat loss during cold weather condition.

The negativity that comes with insulating a building is an increased air pollution. In the process of preventing heat loss to the environment by insulating a building, there's a resultant reduction or sometimes blocking of air flow inside the building. This will cause the concentration of waste that are in gas form inside the building, emanated from human activities like cooking (fuel burning), respiration, and other activities.

Overtime, this trapped in of waste gases can leads to sick building syndrome (an health related issue).

35
Which best describes another name for an organism that is heterozygous for a trait?
A recessive
IN
B hybrid
purebred
D) dominant

Answers

Answer:

pretty sure hybrid

Which of the following events occurs during cytokinesis?

the cell begins to divide into two cells
the cell stops performing meiosis
the chromosomes start to divide
the chromosomes start to line up in the middle of the cell

Answers

Answer:

Cytokinesis is the process in which the cell divides into two.

Where in the cell is protein pumps located ??

Answers

Answer:

cell membrane

Explanation:

There are thousands of proteins embedded in the cell's lipid bilayer

please help, past due.

Answers

Do your work bad kid :)

What creates the air pressure difference between the equator and the poles

Answers

Answer:

gravaity

Explanation:

The north pole is at a higher altitude than the equator.
Hope this helps!

Mendel cruzo plantas de guisantes (Pisum sativum) de flores rojas heterocigotas con otra de la misma especie pero de flores blancas recesiva. ¿Cuál seria el resultado ( fenotipo y genotipo)? Realiza el cruce pertinente.

Answers

Answer:

1/2 = 50% de la progenie será roja heterocigota, Rr1/2 = 50% de la progenie será blanca homocigota recesiva, rr.

Explanation:

El gen que codifica para el color de flor es dialélicoEl alelo R es dominante y expresa color rojo en homocigosis y heterocigosis. El alelo r es recesivo y expresa el color blanco en homocigosis.

Cruza: flores rojas heterocigotas con flores blancas

Parentales)     Rr     x     rr

Fenotipo)     Rojo        Blanco

Gametas)     R     r        r     r

Cuadro de Punnett)

                      R           r

              r      Rr          rr

              r      Rr          rr

F1) 2/4 = 1/2 = 50% de la progenie será roja heterocigota, Rr

     2/4 = 1/2 = 50% de la progenie será blanca, rr.

The illustration shows a pedigree with an autosomal recessive mutation.




What is the possibility that the male in the F 2 generation will express the mutation?



70%

25%

100%

50%

Answers

Answer:

50%

Explanation:

Sana makatulong

Ocean ridges form at convergent boundary true or false

Answers

Answer:

True!

Explanation:

Sometimes an entire ocean closes as tectonic plates converge, causing blocks of thick continental crust to collide. A collision mountain range forms as the crust is compressed, crumpled, and thickened even more. The effect is like a swimmer putting a beach ball under his or her belly—the swimmer will rise up considerably out of the water. A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction.

Is the force that pulls you to the outside while rounding a curve

Answers

The force that pulls us to the outside while rounding a curve is known as Centrifugal force

which acts away from the centre

If an ecosystem like the wetlands was in danger of collapsing, what could I do to fix it?

Answers

Answer: The development and adoption of new technologies or production models that are less resource-intensive and/or less polluting could reduce the risk of ecological collapse, as would a shift towards more sustainable lifestyles, more specifically changing consumption patterns, possibly accompanied by behaviour change.

Explanation:

Examples of vertebrate 

Answers

Answer:

fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Explanation:

Answer:

frogs, tuna, snakes, parrots, and monkeys

What's the answer please

Answers

Answer:

Simpe dominant- recsive

Explanation:

"Some people with hitchhiker’s thumb may have acquired two recessive copies, or alleles, of the gene that determines thumb straightness"

In order to insure the survival of our planet, people have a responsibility to

A.avoid recycling materials
B.eliminate all plant life on this planet
C.consider the impact of their actions
D.use as much energy as possible

Answers

C consider the impact of their actions hope this helps:)

C. Consider the impact of their actions, is the correct answer.

A is not correct because recycling helps protect the environment and helps boost the economy. B is not correct because plants helps supply oxygen for humans and animals. It is also a food source for some animals and humans. C. is not correct because we need to save energy for a healthier and cleaner planet.

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