The type of non-covalent interaction between the base pairing of a double helix of a DNA molecule is hydrogen bonding.
The two different types of nucleic acids are as follows:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
The bases of RNA and DNA molecules are coupled together. The bases of DNA molecules are guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine, while the bases in RNA molecules are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
In a DNA molecule, A and T are always connected, whereas G and C are coupled and base T is converted to base U in RNA. A base pair's weak hydrogen bond with the DNA molecule's double helix can be easily disrupted.
The complete question is:
Which type of noncovalent interaction supports the double helix of DNA, and produces the base pairings A-T and G-C?
a. ion-dipole interactions
b. dipole-dipole forces
c. ion-ion interactions
d. London dispersion forces
e. hydrogen bonding
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a rock star has been involved in two paternity suits in the past few years. he has blood type a. show the possible genotypes in each of the following situations and then decide and indicate whether he could be the father of each of the children. the mother is type o and the baby is type b. the mother is type ab and the baby is type b.
The possible genotype of the rock star with the blood group A would be AA or AO. Therefore;
when the mother is O and the baby is B he is not the father of the childWhen the mother is type AB and the baby is type B he is still not the father of the child.What is genotype?Genotype is defined as the genetic components that makes up an individual which is a unique characteristics.
There are various blood group genotypes that can be found in human beings which include the following:
Type A (marker A)Type B (marker B)Type AB (blood cells have both A and B markers)Type O (blood cells have neither A or B markers)Therefore, when the mother is O and the baby is B he is not the father of the child because he is of blood group A and the mother is O which shows that neither of them has the gene for blood group B.
And when the mother is type AB and the baby is type B he is still not the father of the child because the mother has both A and B gene while the father has for only A.
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according to kinetic molecular theory, gas particles: select the correct answer below: exert attractive forces amongst one another exert repulsive forces amongst one another exert both attractive and repulsive forces amongst one another none of the above
None of the above. There is no force of attraction between gas particles and between the particles and the container walls. Interactions with the package's walls and gas particle collisions are both completely elastic.
Because the observed connections between a gas's pressure, volume, and temperature are typically not perfect, the gas laws do not adequately account for these interactions. In this section, the reasons for these aberrations from the conduct of an inert gas are considered.
Gas molecules behave almost exactly like ideal gas particles at relatively low pressures because they are (on average) so widely apart and have virtually no attraction for one another. However, the force of attraction is also no longer negligible at higher pressures. This force marginally reduces the pressure (assuming the volume is constant) or decreases the volume by drawing the molecules closer together (at constant pressure). Due to the molecules' lower KE in comparison to the attractive forces, which makes them less able to overcome these forces after interacting with one another, this change is more pronounced at low temperatures.
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using nanoengineering techniques, it is possible to attach magnetic beads to the surface of cells to measure their resistance to applied forces. it is also known that the toxin acrylamide can depolymerize intermediate filaments, such as keratin. treating cells with acrylamide would have what effect on the mechanical rigidity of a skin cell, i.e. keratinocytes?
They are the executors of the re-epithelialization process, whereby keratinocytes migrate, proliferate, and differentiate to restore the epidermal barrier.
What is keratinocytes?A pro-inflammatory signaling cascade that results in the activation of local immune cells is started by damaged keratinocytes. The tissue also facilitates immune-suppressive actions to control localized inflammation.
In both vivo and in vitro settings, calcium is the primary regulator of keratinocyte development. As keratinocytes move through the epidermis's many layers to construct the permeability barrier of the stratum corneum, a calcium gradient within the epidermis encourages keratinocytes' successive development.
In the epidermis' basal layer, keratinocytes multiply and begin to gradually differentiate as they move toward the surface. They undergo a significant morphological change during this process and begin to make keratin, cytokines, growth factors, interleukins, and complement factors.
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Please help! Will give brainliest
Answer:
D. Chromosomes line up along the middle or equatorial plate.
Explanation:
during the process of dna replication, the strand provides a blueprint for the production of a new complementary strand, resulting in two new double-stranded dna molecules.during the process of dna replication, the strand provides a blueprint for the production of a new complementary strand, resulting in two new double-stranded dna molecules. This is referred to as semi-conservative replication.
template/parent, daughter
The two DNA strands unwind from one another during semi-conservative replication, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. Two DNA molecules are produced as a result, each with one original and one new strand.
The act of duplication is referred to as replication. DNA replication is the first step in inheritance in molecular biology. The central dogma explains how the DNA replicates itself, codes for the RNA during transcription, and then codes for the proteins during translation.
On several sources of replication along the DNA template strand, DNA replication takes place (antinsense strand). One original strand and one freshly synthesized strand are included in every copy. Although it should be guaranteed that both copies are identical, Each strand of the double helix would act as a template for the manufacture of a new strand, according to the structure of DNA (which was discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in 1953). The process by which freshly created strands united with template strands to create two double helix DNA molecules was unknown.
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Explain how temperature and air pressure play a role in creating wind.
Answer: Since warm air is less dense and creates less air pressure, it will rise; cold air is denser and creates greater air pressure, and so it will sink.
the kern river oil field has gone through periods of boom and bust, starting with the tar mined by the yokut people to the more recent extraction of millions of barrels of crude oil annually. each period of decline in oil production was revived by .
Every time oil output fell off, new technologies, greater demand, and higher oil prices brought it back.
Although there is some semantic overlap between the phrases innovation and invention, they are nevertheless very distinct.
An invention can be anything that was concocted in one's imagination, including a lie, a discovery, a musical piece, or anything else. "A device, contrivance, or procedure originated after study and experiment" is the definition of invention that is most usually confused with innovation because it typically refers to something that has never been done before.
Innovation on the other hand might relate to a completely new thing or a change made to an already-existing concept, product, or sector. The first mobile phone was either an innovation or an invention, and the first telephone was unquestionably an invention.
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Often the repair of the DNA strand by enzymes is
A. not adequate.
B. inconclusive.
C. very effective.
D. helpful to only a few DNA molecules
Answer: C. Very Effective
Explanation:
Which of the following types of molecules help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated? a. primase b. single-strand DNA binding proteins c. DNA polymerase d. ligase
The correct option is B : Single-strand DNA binding proteins Proteins known as Binding Proteins maintain the two DNA strands apart and the Replication Fork intact.
Single-strand binding proteins wrap the split strands of DNA at the replication fork, preventing them from recombining into a double helix.
In addition to the proteins and enzymes listed above, further proteins and enzymes are required to keep DNA replication functioning properly. One example is the sliding clamp protein, which keeps DNA polymerase III molecules in position while they create DNA.
The sliding clamp is a ring-shaped protein that prevents the lagging strand's DNA polymerase from drifting away when it restarts at a fresh Okazaki fragment
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• how do an individual's experiences in bronfenbrenner's macrosystem impact their views on or practices surrounding death?
what can we infer from nerve cells having long extensions that help them pass multiple messages to other cells simutaiously
Cell shape helps cells perform specific function infer from nerve cells having long extensions that help them pass multiple messages to other cells simutainously.
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. These two systems work together to control all activities in the body, both consciously and unconsciously.
Section of the Nervous System in HumansIn general, the nervous system consists of several parts, namely the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells (neurons). The functions of these parts are related to one another. Here is the explanation:
BrainThe brain is the control center whose job is to regulate all functions in the body, starting from movement, secretion or secreting hormones, thinking or cognitive power, sensations, to emotions.
Spinal cordThe spinal cord is part of the central nervous system. Some stimuli that are reflexes can pass through the spinal cord without going through the brain.
Nerve cells (neurons)Neuron is the working unit of the central nervous system. Consists of 12 cranial nerves, all spinal nerves, and their branches. Its function is as a conductor of information in the form of stimuli or impulses. With the presence of these nerve cells, both organs and movement systems can respond as they should.
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Select the type of interaction which best describes the attraction between mg2+ ions and water molecules.
ion-dipole is the type of interaction which best describes the attraction between mg2+ ions and water molecules.
The intermolecular force of attraction between a charge ion (cation or anion) and a molecule is known as an ion-dipole interaction. It is frequently found in solutions where ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents. When an ion interacts with a non-polar molecule, an ion-induced dipole force is produced. The charge of the ion, like a dipole-induced dipole force, causes a distortion of the electron cloud in the non-polar molecule, resulting in a temporary partial charge. Magnesium ion interacts with an ion dipole via water.
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the complete question is :
Select the type of interaction which best describes the attraction between Mg2+ ions and water molecules.
A) dipole-dipole
B) dipole-induced dipole
C) ion-dipole
D) ion-induced dipole
E) ion-hydrogen bond
You pick up a ice cream andwich from the chool cafeteria and you tick it in your hoodie pocket o your worker. You run into your chem lab partner on your way to your eat and he tell you your homework i due next period. You forget all about your ice cream. Until you pull the platic full of muh oUt of your pocket later that afternoon. I thi a phyical or chemical change?
Ice cream melting in the pocket is a physical change that can be undone to return to its original state.
What is a physical and chemical change?
The nature of the substance, the particles that make up it, and the quantity of particles all remain unaltered during a physical change. When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, the new substance's properties differ from the original, as do the particles and the number of particles.
PHYSICAL CHANGES
A physical change does not create any new substance and is only temporary (it can be undone in some circumstances, such as when cutting paper).
Typically, very little heat or light is absorbed or released.
A physical change does not cause a substance's mass to change.
CHEMICAL CHANGES
A permanent change occurs when a new material is created during a chemical reaction ( is usually irreversible)
Many heat or light rays are absorbed or emitted.
A chemical change does cause a substance's mass to change.
Ice cream melting in the pocket is therefore a physical transformation that can be undone to return it to its original state.
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54. A neurone that tranmit meage from the ene organ to the central nervou ytem i
A. Enory neurone
B. Motor neurone
C. Relay neurone
D. Effector
A neuron that transmit meager from the given organ to the central nervous system is motor neuron.
What is central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.The brain directs our thoughts, memories, movements, and emotions.Between the brain and the nerves that travel throughout the body, the spinal cord relays signals.Both the brain and the spinal cord are encased in bone, the vertebrae, a group of ring-shaped bones, protecting the spinal cord and the brain respectively. Both of them are supported by cerebrospinal fluid and meningeal membrane layers. The fluid circulates along the spinal column and via ventricles, or hollow chambers, in the brain. It nourishes, feeds, and removes waste from the central nervous system.Parts of the brain:
The brain is both very intricate and little. The average adult brain barely weighs roughly 3 pounds. It contains several folds and grooves where significant information is kept. The cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum are the three major components of the brain.As information is processed, each lobe handles a certain type:
Complex thought processes including planning, picturing, coming to conclusions, and reasoning take place in the frontal lobe. Back of the forehead is where it is.The parietal lobe handles information regarding temperature, taste, and touch. Behind the frontal lobe is where it is.The temporal lobe enables humans to comprehend speech and other languages, identify things and people, and form memories. It's close to the ear.The occipital lobe, pronounced processes light and other visual data from the eyes to tell us of what we are seeing. It is located in the back of the brain.Hence, A neuron that transmit meager from the given organ to the central nervous system.
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which enzyme is not a protector of the cell from reactive oxygen species (ross)? group of answer choices superoxide dismutase catalase all of these protect the cell from ross citrate synthase
Citrate synthase is not a protector of the cell from reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Thus the correct answer is option (D).
Citrate synthase, an enzyme that functions as a pacemaker in the first step of the citric acid cycle, is found in almost all living cells (or the Krebs cycle). Although citrate synthase is found in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells, nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial DNA encodes its genetic material. It is created by cytoplasmic ribosomes and subsequently transported into the mitochondrial matrix.
Citrate synthase is a common quantitative enzyme diagnostic for the presence of intact mitochondria. The peak activity of citrate synthase reveals the number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Compared to either endurance training or high-intensity interval training, high-intensity interval training has the potential to increase maximal activity.
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Suppose a person has a mutation in their DNA, and the first triplet for the gene coding for insulin is T A T (instead of C C A). Determine what amino acid the new DNA triplet codes for. Will this person be diabetic? Explain.
If a person has a mutation in their DNA, and the first triplet for the gene coding for insulin is TAT (instead of C C A), then the amino acid that encodes the new DNA triplet is tyrosine. Moreover, in order to know if this person will be diabetic for carrying out the mutation we first need to know if this mutation falls in a gene involved in glucose metabolism.
What is a genetic mutation?A genetic mutation is any alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, which may be in a gene encoding sequence and therefore change the triplet of nucleotides or codon that specifies a given amino acid.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a genetic mutation may change the amino acids that will be added during translation but we need to know the gene where this mutation falls to indicate a change in the phenotype.
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Why does it make sense that acetyl-coa stimulates the activity of pyuruvate carboxylase?.
Acetyl-CoA indicates that the conversion of fat to carbs is necessary. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase accumulation indicates a lack of citrate. NADH is produced for energy when pyruvate carboxylase is activated by acetyl-CoA.
Why is it logical that acetyl-CoA would cause pyruvate carboxylase to be activated?Acetyl-CoA selectively activates pyruvate carboxylase. When acetyl-CoA concentrations are high, organisms use pyruvate carboxylase to divert pyruvate from the TCA cycle because acetyl-CoA is a crucial metabolite in the TCA cycle that generates a lot of energy.
How does pyruvate carboxylase become activated by acetyl-CoA?The production of more oxaloacetate is triggered by an excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. When lipolysis is induced, for instance, intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels rise, allosterically activating pyruvate carboxylase to produce more oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis.
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which of the following mechanisms can cause two different proteins to be produced from the same gene?
The mechanisms which can cause two different proteins to be produced from the same gene is b)mRNA splicing. So, correct option is b.
mRNA splicing is defined as a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) works as a transcript and transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It actually works by removing all of the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together the exons (coding regions).
For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the nucleus either during or immediately after transcription. For eukaryotic genes that contain introns in them , splicing is usually needed to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein.
For eukaryotic introns, splicing occurs as the series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex reaction of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).
Hence, correct option b.
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(Complete question) is:
which of the following mechanisms can cause two different proteins to be produced from the same gene?
a)RNA editing
b)mRNA splicing
c)posttranslational modifications
d)All of these.
turtles and crocodiles are all part of the clade known as reptiles. based on the phylogenetic tree, which statement(s) is false?
The false statement is that birds are ancestors of dinosaurs.
The four main groups of living reptiles are dinosaurs, crocodilians, lizards/snakes, and turtles/tortoises. The next two groups are made up of the highly specialized archosaurs, which have existed for 225 million years! The living reptiles that are most similar to birds are called archosaurs.
Crocodiles and birds are most closely linked. Therapsids, a group of reptiles, split off about 40 million years later (very swiftly by geological standards), evolving into modern mammals. Over the subsequent 120 million years, many reptile species diverged, and the dinosaurs, one of these branches, flourished. However, all dinosaurs perished 65 million years ago, with the exception of a small type of feathered dinosaurs. Over the ensuing 65 million years, these transformed into modern birds. Birds are therefore not simply closely related to dinosaurs; they are dinosaurs themselves!
Hence, dinosaur are ancestors of birds
Turtles and crocodiles are all part of the clade known as reptiles. Based on the phylogenetic tree to the right, which statement(s) is FALSE?
A) Birds are reptiles.
B) Birds are ancestors of dinosaurs.
C) Birds are more evolved than turtles.
1) A, B, and C
2) B and C
3) A only
4) B only
5) C only
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several muscles work together to literally rotate the thing. what do we call an entire group of muscles that work together?
The muscles that extend are called extensors. We can stand up straight and lift things thanks to these muscles. These muscle units work as guy wires when they cooperate.
What is the name for a collection of muscles that cooperate?The thigh can be rotated laterally with the help of several muscles. What do you name a collection of muscles that cooperate? Synergists. Flexing the wrist is one of the responsibilities of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
how do muscles interconnect?While muscles can pull bones, they are unable to push them back into place. Flexors and extensors thus cooperate in pairs. To bend a limb at a joint, the flexor muscle contracts. The flexor then releases as the extensor contracts to extend once the movement is finished.
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which of the following statements concerning zoophilia is false? * 1 point a. it is also called beastiality. b. according to kinsey, the frequency of such behaviors was highest in men who worked in a zoo or in a veterinary setting. c. it is commonly a transitory experience of young people to whom human sexual partner in inaccessible or forbidden, d. women participate mostly with household pets.
Answer: B.
Explanation: Zoophilia is an attraction to animals, working in the zoo doesn't make you a zoophilie.
solid wastes include durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging, food scraps, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous inorganic wastes.
Wastes such as containers and other packaging, discarded food, yard clippings, and durable and non-durable items are referred to as municipal solid waste (MSW).
Solid waste is a low-liquid-content, worthless, and occasionally harmful item. Municipal waste, commercial and industrial disposal, sewage sludge, wastes from farming as well as animal husbandry operations as well as other related activities, demolition wastes, and mining wastes are all examples of solid wastes. Frequently used items like product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries are included in municipal solid waste (MSW), also known as trash or garbage. Food Garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, sludge from waste treatment facilities, air pollution control facilities, and other abandoned materials are all considered to be solid waste.
(What is municipal solid waste?)
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which observation suggested to sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells?
Only when adrenaline was given to healthy cells was glycogen breakdown observed is the observation suggested to sutherland that involve a second messenger in epinephrine effect on liver cells.
Adrenaline, commonly known as epinephrine, is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. Your adrenal glands, which are hat-shaped glands situated on top of each kidney, produce and release it as a hormone. In the central nervous system, it functions as a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, to help with the transfer of nerve signals from one nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell to another. Epinephrine is produced by your sympathetic nervous system as part of your body's "fight-or-flight" reaction, which is an emergency response mechanism to danger. In medicine, the flight-or-flight response is also referred to as the acute stress response. Catecholamines include substances including norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine. Their name alludes to a particular chemical that is a part of their structure. Within your adrenal gland, norepinephrine is converted to the hormone epinephrine. Epinephrine is a very small neurotransmitter. Your nerves barely produce anything at all. It affects metabolism, focus, enthusiasm, and anxiety. It also has an effect on concentration.
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1. in chimpanzees, straight fingers are dominant to bent fingers. cross a heterozygous chimp with one that has bent fingers. what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring
The genotype of the offspring will be homozygous recessive (rr) based on the genetic cross. Because they lack the dominant allele, the child will therefore be unable to roll their tongue. Therefore, there is no chance that kids will exhibit a tongue-rolling personality.
The genotype of the offspring will be homozygous recessive (rr) based on the genetic cross. Because they lack the dominant allele, the child will therefore be unable to roll their tongue. Therefore, there is no chance that kids will exhibit a tongue-rolling personality.
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how does the risk of lyme disease increase if mice are fed when acorns are scarce (to control gypsy moths)?
The risk of Lyme disease will increase the more ticks you eat the acorns
Lyme disease is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia sp. The bacteria that causes Lyme disease can attack any organ in the body, including the brain and nervous system, muscles and joints, and the heart. Lyme disease is a type of infectious disease in humans and animals through flea bites. The tick lives in the rat's body by sucking the mouse's blood after moving from the oak tree.
The lava aphid that causes Lyme disease commonly thrives on oak trees, so the more mice were fed the acorns, the more mice contracted the lice. Mice can eat the gypsy moth which usually denudes et trees thereby controlling the number of gypsy moths. However, the increased risk of Lyme disease in animals and humans will increase due to the increase in rats and ticks that cause Lyme disease.
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imagine all the histone h3 molecules in the cell have a mutation that changes their lysine-9 residue to an alanine. assuming this cell could still live, what would be the result?
In Drosophila, the dSAGA complex containing dADA2b is involved in the acetylation of histone H3, lysines 9 and 14. Curiously, dAda2b mutants have greatly reduced lysine 9- and 14-acetylated histone H3 levels, but these animals survive to late development.
To investigate the molecular effects of loss of histone H3, lysine 9 and 14 acetylation, we compared the global messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) profiles of wild-type and dAda2b mutant animals at two developmental stages. Global gene expression profiles show that dSAGA-specific loss of H3-lysine 9 and 14 acetylation results in expression changes (up- or down-regulation) of rather small gene subsets and does not cause global transcriptional deregulation. I'm here. Among the genes upregulated in dAda2b mutants are those that play a role in antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that in dAda2b mutants, lysine-9-acetylated histone H3 levels are reduced in both up- and down-regulated genes of dSAGA. In contrast, the promoter of the dSAGA-independent ribosomal protein gene of the dAda2b mutant maintains high levels of histone H3K9ac. Our data suggest that dSAGA differentially alters Pol II accessibility to specific promoters by acetylating H3 at lysine 9.
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Multiple Choice pls hurry 15 points!!!
Which physical adaptations increase a plant’s chances of survival in a cold environment?
(This is a multiple choice!!! Select all that apply.)
A- having , water-storing leaves
B- having shallow root,
C- having dark-colored leaves
D- having needle-like leaves that do not hold snow
A,B,D
..........................................
Which of these RNA polymerases catalyze the synthesis of rRNA in eukaryotes?
A) RNA polymerase I
B) RNA polymerase II
C) RNA polymerase III
D) RNA polymerase IV
he ph of the cerebrospinal fluid is monitored by which of these brainstem centers? a. medullary baroreceptors b. hypothalamic osmoreceptors c. central chemoreceptors d. prg
The brainstem centres' hypothalamic osmoreceptors keep track of the cerebrospinal fluid's pH. A clear, colourless bodily fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is present within the tissue.
That all vertebrates' spinal cord and brain are protected by cerebrospinal fluid. The choroid plexus of the brain's ventricles contains specialized ependymal cells that create CSF, which is then absorbed in arachnoid granulations. Between cells and an entire organ, there is a biological organising level called tissue. A tissue is an assembly of comparable cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that work together to perform a certain job. Tissues can be defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function.
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In the cross bb x bb (two heterozygous mice), what percentage of the offspring would you predict to have the same phenotype as the parents?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%
next, you perform a cross with a mouse with black fur and a mouse with white fur. which result(s) for the offspring would confirm that the mouse with black fur was heterozygous?
a. 4 mice with black fur
b. 8 mice with black fur, 1 mouse with white fur
c. 5 mice with black fur, 6 mice with white fur
d. 6 mice with black fur, 2 mice with white fur
d. 75% will have the same phenotype as the parents.
Result(s) for the offspring would confirm that the mouse with black fur was heterozygous
b.8 mice with black fur, 1 mouse with white fur
c.5 mice with black fur, 6 mice with white fur
d. 6 mice with black fur, 2 mice with white fur
The expected genotype ratio when two heterozygotes are crossed is 1 (homozygous dominant) : 2 (heterozygous) : 1 (homozygous recessive). Then a phenotypic ratio of 2 : 1 is observed, there are chances of lethal allele.
To calculate percentage of offspring you need the total number of predicted offspring. And divide the (number of appeared phenotype) by (the total number of offspring). Multiply the number by 100 to get your percentage.
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