Answer:
ΔGreaction < 0
ΔSuniverse > 0
ΔHreaction < 0
Explanation:
A spontaneous process is one which can proceed without additional input of energy releasing free energy in the process and then moves to a lower more stable thermodynamical state.
For an isolated system, a spontaneous process proceeds with an increase in entropy.
The conditions for a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure, can be determined using the change in Gibbs free energy, which is given by: ∆G = ∆H - T∆S
Where ∆G is change in free energy; ∆H is change in enthalpy or Heat content; ∆S is change in entropy, T is temperature.
For a process to be spontaneous, the following conditions are necessary:
1. ∆G < 0; must be negative
2. ∆S > 0; there must be an increase in entropy
3. ∆H < 0; enthalpy change must be negative such that heat is lost to the surroundings
The above conditions ensures that ∆G is negative and the process is spontaneous.
A certain lightbulb containing argon at 1.20 atm and 18°C is
heated to 85°C at constant volume. Calculate its final pressure
(in atm).
Answer:
certain lightbulb containing argon at 1.20 atm and 18 0 C is heated to 85 0 C at constant volume. What is the final pressure of argon in the lightbulb (in atm)? P 1 T 1 P 2 T 2 ... Ideal Gas Equation 5.4 Charles' law: V T (at constant n and P ) ... Consider a case in which two gases, A and B , are in a container of volume V.
Explanation:
An atorn has 9 electrons and 9 protons at the start. If it loses 2 electrons, the net charge on the atom will be. If the atom instead
gains 4 electrons, the net charge will be
Answer:
If it loses 2 electrons, the net charge on the atom will be 2+
If the atom instead gains 4 electrons, the net charge will be 4-
Explanation:
It is based on adding and subtracting charges. Protons are +1 and electrons are -1
If the atom has 9 protons and 9 electrons, the net charge is +9 + (-9) = 0. The +9 is the 9 protons and the -9 is from the 9 electrons.
If two electrons are taken away, there would be 9-2 or 7 electrons with 9 protons. The net charge would then be +9 + (-7) = +2. +9 comes from the 9 electrons and -7 is from the 7 electrons.
So, if two electrons are taken away, the net charge is +2.
Similarly, if the atom gains 4 electrons, there will be 9+4 or 12 electrons and 9 protons. The net charge would then be +9 + (-12) = -4. +9 comes from the 9 protons and -12 comes from the 12 electrons.
So, if 4 electrons are added, the net charge is -4.
an auto of an element has 17 protons in its nucleus.a) write the electronic configuration of the atom.b)to what period and group does the element belong
Answer:
i hope it will help you
Explanation:
electronic configuration 1s²,2s,²2p^6,3s²3p^6,4s^1
as it has one electron in its valence shell so it is the member of group 1A(ALKALI METALS) and the number of shells is 4 so it is in period 4
A sample of chlorine gas starting at 686 mm Hg is placed under a pressure of 991 mm Hg and reduced to a volume of 507.6 mL. What was the initial volume of the chlorine gas container if the process was performed at constant temperature
Answer:
The initial volume of the chlorine gas [tex]V1=733.28mL[/tex]
Explanation:
Given:
P1= 686mmHg
P2= 991mmHg
V2= 5076mL
V1=?
According to Boyle's law which states that at a constant temperature, the pressure on a gas increases as it's volume decreases.
It can be expressed as : P1V1 = P2V2
Where P1 is the initial pressure
P2= final pressure
V1= initial volume
V2 = final volume
[tex]V1= (P2V2)/P1[/tex]
V1= (991mmHg*507.6mL)/686mmHg
V1=503031.6/686
[tex]V1=733.28mL[/tex]
Therefore, The initial volume of the chlorine gas [tex]V1=733.28mL[/tex]
The number of atoms or molecules whose concentration determine the rate of a reaction is called
El número de átomos de una molécula depende de la --- de los elementos ya que es la capacidad de la union de átomos ?
Answer:
El número de átomos de una molécula depende de la "valencia" de los elementos, ya que es la capacidad de la unión de los átomos.
Explanation:
La valencia de un elemento se define como la medida de la capacidad de combinación de un elemento. Es la capacidad de combinación de un elemento con otros elementos para formar un compuesto químico o molécula.
Básicamente es el número de electrones de valencia que un elemento puede perder, ganar o compartir para formar enlaces químicos requeridos a partir de compuestos o moléculas.
¡¡¡Espero que esto ayude!!!
English Translation
The number of atoms of a molecule depends on the "valency" of the elements since it is the capacity of the union of atoms.
The valency of an element is defined as the measure of the combining ability of an element. It is the combining capacity of an element with other elements to form a chemical compound or molecule.
It is basically the number of valence electrons that an element can lose, gain or share in order to form chemical bonds required to from compounds or molecules.
Hope this Helps!!!
Consider the insoluble compound nickel(II) hydroxide , Ni(OH)2 . The nickel ion also forms a complex with cyanide ions . Write a balanced net ionic equation to show why the solubility of Ni(OH)2 (s) increases in the presence of cyanide ions and calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction. For Ni(CN)42- , Kf = 1.0×1031 . Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s).
Answer: Equilibrium constant for this reaction is [tex]2.8 \times 10^{15}[/tex].
Explanation:
Chemical reaction equation for the formation of nickel cyanide complex is as follows.
[tex]Ni(OH)_{2}(s) + 4CN^{-}(aq) \rightleftharpoons [Ni(CN)_{4}^{2-}](aq) + 2OH^{-}(aq)[/tex]
We know that,
K = [tex]K_{f} \times K_{sp}[/tex]
We are given that, [tex]K_{f} = 1.0 \times 10^{31}[/tex]
and, [tex]K_{sp} = 2.8 \times 10^{-16}[/tex]
Hence, we will calculate the value of K as follows.
K = [tex]K_{f} \times K_{sp}[/tex]
K = [tex](1.0 \times 10^{31}) \times (2.8 \times 10^{-16})[/tex]
= [tex]2.8 \times 10^{15}[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that equilibrium constant for this reaction is [tex]2.8 \times 10^{15}[/tex].
Consider the following chemical reaction: 2H2O(l)→2H2(g)+O2(g) What mass of H2O is required to form 1.3 L of O2 at a temperature of 325 K and a pressure of 0.991 atm ? Express your answer using two significant figures.
Answer:
1.73g of H2O
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
Volume (V) of O2 = 1.3L
Temperature (T) = 325 K
Pressure (P) = 0.991 atm
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Next, we shall determine the number of mole (n) of O2 produced from the reaction. This can be obtained by using the ideal gas equation as shown below:
PV = nRT
0.991 x 1.3 = n x 0.0821 x 325
Divide both side by 0.0821 x 325
n = (0.991 x 1.3) /(0.0821 x 325)
n = 0.048 mole
Therefore, 0.048 mole of O2 was produced from the reaction.
Next, we shall determine the number of mole H2O that produce 0.048 mole of O2. This is illustrated below:
2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles of H2O produced 1 mole of O2.
Therefore, Xmol of H2O will produce 0.048 mole of O2 i.e
Xmol of H2O = (2 x 0.048)/1
Xmol of H2O = 0.096 mole
Therefore, 0.096 mole of H2O was used in the reaction.
Finally, we shall convert 0.096 mole of H2O to grams. This is illustrated below:
Molar mass of H2O = (2x1) + 16 = 18g/mol
Number of mole H2O = 0.096 mole
Mass of H2O =..?
Mole = mass /molar mass
0.096 = mass /18
Cross multiply
Mass = 0.096 x 18
Mass of H2O = 1.73g
Therefore, 1.73g of H2O is required for the reaction.
In the presence of a strong base, the following reaction between (CH3)3CCl and OH- occurs: (CH3)3CCl + OH- → (CH3)3COH + Cl- Studies have suggested that the mechanism for the reaction takes place in 2 steps: Step 1) (CH3)3CCl → (CH3)3C+ + Cl- (slow) Step 2) (CH3)3C+ + OH- → (CH3)3COH (fast) What is the rate law expression for the overall reaction? Group of answer choices
Answer:
D. rate = k [(CH3)3CCl]
Explanation:
(CH3)3CCl + OH- → (CH3)3COH + Cl-
The mechanisms are;
Step 1)
(CH3)3CCl → (CH3)3C+ + Cl- (slow)
Step 2)
(CH3)3C+ + OH- → (CH3)3COH (fast)
In kinetics, the slowest step is the ratee determining step.
For a given reaction;
A → B + C, the rate law expression is given as;
rate = k [A]
In this problem, from step 1. The rate expression is;
rate = k [(CH3)3CCl]
The lock-and-key model and the induced-fit model are two models of enzyme action explaining both the specificity and the catalytic activity of enzymes. Following are several statements concerning enzyme and substrate interaction. Indicate whether each statement is part of the lock-and-key model, the induced-fit model, or is common to both models.
a. Enzyme conformation changes when it binds the substrate so the active site fits the substrate.
b. Substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
c. Enzyme active site has a rigid structure complementary
d. Substrate binds to the enzyme through noncovalent interactions
Answer:
The lock-and-key model:
c. Enzyme active site has a rigid structure complementary
The induced-fit model:
a. Enzyme conformation changes when it binds the substrate so the active site fits the substrate.
Common to both The lock-and-key model and The induced-fit model:
b. Substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
d. Substrate binds to the enzyme through non-covalent interactions
Explanation:
Generally, the catalytic power of enzymes are due to transient covalent bonds formed between an enzyme's catalytic functional group and a substrate as well as non-covalent interactions between substrate and enzyme which lowers the activation energy of the reaction. This applies to both the lock-and-key model as well as induced-fit mode of enzyme catalysis.
The lock and key model of enzyme catalysis and specificity proposes that enzymes are structurally complementary to their substrates such that they fit like a lock and key. This complementary nature of the enzyme and its substrates ensures that only a substrate that is complementary to the enzyme's active site can bind to it for catalysis to proceed. this is known as the specificity of an enzyme to a particular substrate.
The induced-fit mode proposes that binding of substrate to the active site of an enzyme induces conformational changes in the enzyme which better positions various functional groups on the enzyme into the proper position to catalyse the reaction.
A friend asks you to help them decide which crackers are healthier. Comparing approximately equal serving sizes of 1 cracker (approx. 4.5 g Breton serving size vs. 4.7 g Triscuit), which would be a better choice with regards to calories, fat and sodium content?
a. Breton
b. Triscsuit
Answer:
The correct option is "Triscsuit"
Explanation:
In my opinion the correct option is tricsuit, because it has 0% saturated fat and TRANS fat, which is healthy fats since these fats are the worst for our body.
They also contain sodium but their levels are not high enough to trigger hypertension.
What is the percent composition of muscovite mica if its chemical formula is (KF)2 (Al2O3 )3 (SiO2 )6 (H2O)
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello,
To find the percentage composition of muscovite mica, we'll have to first find the molecular mass of the compound.
Chemical formula = (KF)₂(Al₂O₃)₃(SiO₂)₆(H₂O)
(KF)₂ = 58.097 × 2 = 116.194g/mol
(Al₂O₃)₃ = 3 × 101.96 = 305.88g/mol
(SiO₂)₆ = 6 × 60.08 = 360.48g/mol
H₂O = 18g/mol
(KF)₂(Al₂O₃)₃(SiO₂)₆(H₂O) = 116.194 + 305.88 + 360.48 + 18 = 800.554g/mol
Potassium = (78.18 / 800.554) × 100 = 9.765%
Fluorine = (38 / 800.554) × 100 = 4.75%
Aluminium = (162 / 800.554) × 100 = 20.23%
Silicon = (168.48/800.554) × 100 = 21.04%
Oxygen = (352/800.554) × 100 = 43.97%
Hydrogen = (2 / 800.554) × 100 = 0.24%
Muscovite mica is an aluminosilicate compound or a polysillicate compound found in rocks
What is the coefficient for oxygen in the balanced equation? C 5H 12 + ? O2 → ? CO2 + ? H2O. 2 4 5 6 8
Answer:
8
Explanation:
When you balance the entire equation, you should get:
C5H12 + 8O2 ---> 5CO2 + 6H2O
1.the particles in a_are packed very closely together. 2.the_in a liquid are loosely together. they can flow. 3.in a gas the_between the particles are bigger. if u re genius then answer this question class 4
Answer:
1. Solid
2. Particles.
3. Space.
Explanation:
1. The particles in a solid are packed very closely together. This is the most reason why solid particles have definite shapes of volume. This closeness is as a result of strong intermolecular forces force that exist between the particles. Hence, they can not flow but only vibrates about their mean position. Solids can not be compressed because of the strong intermolecular forces between their particles.
2. The particles of liquid are loosely together. In liquid, the particles are loosely packed and free to move about to certain degree. This is so because the intermolecular force between the particles are not as strong as those within the solid particles. Hence liquid has no definite shape but they have definite volume. They only assume the shape of the container they are poured into. Liquid can no be compressed..
3. In a gas, the space between the particles are bigger. This is so because the intermolecular forces between the particles are negligible i.e very small and so, the gas particles are free to move about and only restricted by the wall of the container they poured into. This negligible intermolecular forces are the reason why gas has no definite shapes and no volume. They can be compressed to fill a particular container.
Substances like krypton, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure, can often be liquified or solidified only at very low temperatures. At a pressure of 1 atm, does not condense to a liquid until –153.2°C and does not freeze until –157.1°C. What are the equivalent absolute temperatures?
Answer:
The boiling and freezing temperatures of krypton at absolute scale are 119.95 K and 116.05 K, respectively.
Explanation:
The absolute temperature on SI units corresponds to Kelvin scale, whose conversion formula in terms of the Celsius scale is:
[tex]T_{K} = T_{C} + 273.15[/tex]
Where:
[tex]T_{K}[/tex] - Absolute temperature, measured in Kelvins.
[tex]T_{C}[/tex] - Relative temperature, measured in Celsius.
Finally, freezing and boiling temperatures are converted into absolute scale:
Boiling temperature
[tex]T_{K} = (-153.2 + 273.15)\,K[/tex]
[tex]T_{K} = 119.95\,K[/tex]
Freezing temperature
[tex]T_{K} = (-157.1 + 273.15)\,K[/tex]
[tex]T_{K} = 116.05\,K[/tex]
The boiling and freezing temperatures of krypton at absolute scale are 119.95 K and 116.05 K, respectively.
What is an ion?
A. An atom that has lost or gained 1 or more electrons
O B. An atom that has lost or gained 1 or more neutrons
O C. An atom that has lost or gained 1 or more protons
D. An atom that differs in mass from another atom of the same
element
Answer:
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons.
Explanation:
Ions are positively or negatively charged atoms of elements. This is because they can give, take, or share electrons with other elements to encourage the formation of chemical bonds.
Protons are what decide the chemical identity of the element. So, for example, if an atom has 11 protons, we know that will be a Sodium (Na) atom. A loss or gain of protons completely changes the chemical identity of the element and it will then become another element.
Electrons are what give an atom a neutral electrical charge (if that atom has the number of protons and neutrons normally described for the element - otherwise, a discrepancy or gain in neutrons is referred to as an isotope and declares that ions have nothing to do with the mass of an element).
With this information, you can realize that neutrons and protons have nothing to do with ions and you can confirm that ions are atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons.
When an automobile engine starts, the metal parts immediately begin to absorb heat released during the combustion of gasoline. How much heat will be absorbed by a 165 kg iron engine block as the temperature rises from 15.7°C to 95.7°C? (The specific heat of iron is 0.489 J/g·°C.)
Answer:
H = 4,034,250 J
Explanation:
Mass, m = 165kg = 165,000g (Converting to grams)
Initial temperature = 15.7°C
Final temperature = 95.7°C
Temperature change, ΔT = 95.7 - 15.7 = 50°C
Specific heat capacity, c = 0.489 J/g·°C
Heat = ?
All the parameters are related with the equation below;
H = m * c * ΔT
H = 165000 * 0.489 * 50
H = 4,034,250 J
The amount of calcium in a 15.0-g sample was determined by converting the calcium to calcium oxalate, CaC2O4. The CaC2O4 weighed 40.3 g. What is the percent of calcium in the original sample
Answer:
128 gram of CaC2O4 contains 40 gram of Calcium
40.3 gram of CaC2O4 cotnains = 40*40.3/128 = 12.59 gram of Calcium
out of 15 gram 12.59 gram is Calcaim that means around 50% of orginal sample has Calcium
Solutions of sulfuric acid and lead(II) acetate react to form solid lead(II) sulfate and a solution of acetic acid. 4.90 g of sulfuric acid and 4.90 g of lead(II) acetate are mixed. Calculate the number of grams of sulfuric acid, lead(II) acetate, lead(II) sulfate, and acetic acid present in the mixture after the reaction is complete .
Answer:
Mass H2SO4 = 3.42 grams
Mass of lead acetate = 0 grams
Mass PbSO4 = 4.58 grams
Mass of CH3COOH = 1.81 grams
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of sulfuric acid = 4.90 grams
Molar mass of sulfuric acid = 98.08 g/mol
Mass of lead acetate = 4.90 grams
Molar mass of lead acetate = 325.29 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
H2SO4 + Pb(C2H3O2)2 → PbSO4 + 2CH3COOH
Step 3: Calculate moles
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles H2SO4 = 4.90 grams / 98.08 g/mol
Moles H2SO4 = 0.0500 moles
Moles lead acetate = 4.9 grams / 325.29 g/mol
Moles lead acetate = 0.0151 moles
Step 4: Calculate the limiting reactant
For 1 mol H2SO4 we need 1 mol lead acetate to produce 1 mol PbSO4 and 2 moles CH3COOH
The limiting reactant is lead acetate. It will completzly be consumed (0.0151 moles). H2SO4 is in excess. There will react 0.0151 moles. There will remain 0.0500 - 0.0151 = 0.0349 moles
Step 5: Calculate moles of products
For 1 mol H2SO4 we need 1 mol lead acetate to produce 1 mol PbSO4 and 2 moles CH3COOH
For 0.0151 moles lead acetate we'll have 0.0151 moles PbSO4 and 2*0.0151 = 0.0302 moles CH3COOH
Step 6: Calculate mass
Mass = moles * molar mass
Mass H2SO4 = 0.0349 moles * 98.08 g/mol
Mass H2SO4 = 3.42 grams
Mass PbSO4 = 0.0151 moles * 303.26 g/mol
Mass PbSO4 = 4.58 grams
Mass of CH3COOH = 0.0302 moles * 60.05 g/mol
Mass of CH3COOH = 1.81 grams
The reason for the dramatic decline in the number of measles cases from the 1960s to 2010 in the United States was because the vaccine
Answer:
It was because the vaccine generated actively acquired immunity, that is, inoculation of a portion of the measles virus so that the body forms the antibodies for a second contact and thus can destroy it without triggering the pathology.
Explanation:
Vaccines are methods of active acquired immunity since the antibody is not passively inoculated, it is manufactured by the body with a physiological process once part of the virus is inoculated.
The measles virus most of all affected the lives of infants or newborn children with severe rashes and high fevers that led to death.
Convert 150 K to degrees C.
Answer:
K = 150, C = - 123.15°
Explanation:
Kelvin = Celcius + 273.15 / 0 Kelvin = - 273.14 C
_____________________________________
Thus,
150 K = Celcius + 273.15,
150 - 273.15 = C,
C = -123.15 degrees
Solution, C = - 123.15°
Answer:
C=-123.15
Explanation:
This is easy
The element silver has an atomic weight of 108 and consists of two stable isotopes silver-107 and silver-109. The isotope silver-107 has a mass of 107 amu and a percent natural abundance of 51.8 %. The isotope silver-109 has a percent natural abundance of 48.2 %. What is the mass of silver-109
Answer:
109
Explanation:
Let silver-107 be isotope A
Let silver-109 be isotope B
Let silver-107 abundance be A%
Let silver-109 abundance be B%
The following data were obtained from the question:
Atomic weight of silver = 108
Mass of isotope A (silver-107) = 107
Abundance of isotope A (silver-107) = 51.8%
Abundance of isotope B (silver-109) = 48.2%
Mass of isotope B (silver-109) =?
Now, we shall determine the mass silver-109 as follow:
Atomic weight = [(Mass of A x A%)/100] + [(Mass of B x B%)/100]
108 = [(107 x 51.8)/100] + [(Mass of B x 48.2)/100]
108 = 55.426 + (Mass of B x 0.482)
Collect like terms
Mass of B x 0.482 = 108 – 55.426
Mass of B x 0.482 = 52.574
Divide both side by 0.482
Mass of B = 52.574/0.482
Mass of B = 109
Therefore, the mass of silver-109 is 109.
In which of the following reactions will Kc = Kp? a. 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g) b. SO3(g) + NO(g) ⇌ SO2(g) + NO2(g) c. 2 N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 N2O(g) d. 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 SO3(g)
Answer:
The correct option is b) SO₃(g) + NO(g) ⇌ SO₂(g) + NO₂(g)
Explanation:
The relation between Kc and Kp is given by the following equation:
[tex]Kp = Kc (RT)^{dn}[/tex]
where R is the gas constant (0,082 L.atm/K.mol), T is the temperature (in K) and dn is the change in moles.
The change in moles (dn) is calculated as:
dn = moles of products - moles reactants
If dn=0, RT= 1 ⇒ Kc=Kp
We calculate dn for each reaction from the estequiometrial coefficients of products and reactants as follows:
a) 4 NH₃(g) + 3 O₂(g) ⇌ 2 N₂(g) + 6 H₂O(g)
dn= (2+6) - (4+3) = 1 ⇒ Kc ≠ Kp
b) SO₃(g) + NO(g) ⇌ SO₂(g) + NO₂(g)
dn = (1+1) - (1+1)= 0 ⇒ Kc = Kp
c) 2 N₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 N₂O(g)
dn= 2 - (2+1) = -1 ⇒ Kc ≠ Kp
d) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g)
dn = 2 - (2+1) = -1 ⇒ Kc ≠ Kp
The reaction in which Kc=Kp is b), because reactants and products have the same number of moles.
A solid is dissolved in a liquid, and over time a solid forms again. How can
you confirm the type of change that took place?
A. Testing the new solid to show that its properties are the same as
the starting solid would confirm that a physical change took
place.
B. The solid dissolving in a liquid is confirmation that a chemical
change took place.
C. The solid forming from the liquid is confirmation that a physical
change took place.
D. Showing that the total mass of the solid and liquid changed would
confirm that a chemical change took place.
When 5.00 g of Al2S3 and 2.50 g of H2O are reacted according to the following reaction: Al2S3(s) + 6 H2O(l) → 2 Al(OH)3(s) + 3 H2S(g) 2.10 g were obtained. What is the percent yield of the reaction?
Answer:
[tex]Y=58.15\%[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]Al_2S_3(s) + 6 H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2 Al(OH)_3(s) + 3 H_2S(g)[/tex]
We first must identify the limiting reactant by computing the reacting moles of Al2S3:
[tex]n_{Al_2S_3}=5.00gAl_2S_3*\frac{1molAl_2S_3}{150.158 gAl_2S_3} =0.0333molAl_2S_3[/tex]
Next, we compute the moles of Al2S3 that are consumed by 2.50 of H2O via the 1:6 mole ratio between them:
[tex]n_{Al_2S_3}^{consumed}=2.50gH_2O*\frac{1molH_2O}{18gH_2O}*\frac{1molAl_2S_3}{6molH_2O}=0.0231mol Al_2S_3[/tex]
Thus, we notice that there are more available Al2S3 than consumed, for that reason it is in excess and water is the limiting, therefore, we can compute the theoretical yield of Al(OH)3 via the 2:1 molar ratio between it and Al2S3 with the limiting amount:
[tex]m_{Al(OH)_3}=0.0231molAl_2S_3*\frac{2molAl(OH)_3}{1molAl_2S_3}*\frac{78gAl(OH)_3}{1molAl(OH)_3} =3.61gAl(OH)_3[/tex]
Finally, we compute the percent yield with the obtained 2.10 g:
[tex]Y=\frac{2.10g}{3.61g} *100\%\\\\Y=58.15\%[/tex]
Best regards.
Cl2 + F2 → ClF3, 5. How many moles of Cl2 are needed to react with 3.44 moles of F2? 6. How many grams of ClF3 form when 0.204 moles of F2 react with excess Cl2? 7. How many grams of ClF3 form from 130.0 grams of Cl2 when F2 is in excess? 8. How many grams of F2 are needed to react with 3.50 grams of Cl2?
Answer:
5) 1.147 moles Cl2
6) 12.57 grams ClF3
7) 339.10 grams ClF3
8) 5.63 grams F2
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Number of moles F2 = 3.44 moles
Molar mass F2 = 38.00 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
Cl2 + 3F2 → 2ClF3
Step 3: Calculate moles F2
For 1 mol Cl2 we need 3 moles F2 to produce 2 moles ClF3
For 3.44 moles F2 we'll need 3.44/3 = 1.147 moles Cl2
Step 1: Data given
Number of moles F2 = 0.204 moles
Molar mass F2 = 38.00 g/mol
Molar mass ClF3 = 92.448 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
Cl2 + 3F2 → 2ClF3
Step 3: Calculate moles ClF3
For 1 mol Cl2 we need 3 moles F2 to produce 2 moles ClF3
For 0.204 moles F2 we'll have 2/3 * 0.204 = 0.136 moles
Step 4: Calculate mass ClF3
Mass ClF3 = Moles ClF3 * molar mass ClF3
Mass ClF3 = 0.136 moles * 92.448 g/mol
Mass ClF3 = 12.57 grams ClF3
Step 1: Data given
Mass of Cl2 = 130.0 grams
Molar mass F2 = 38.00 g/mol
Molar mass ClF3 = 92.448 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
Cl2 + 3F2 → 2ClF3
Step 3: Calculate moles Cl2
Moles Cl2 = mass Cl2 / molar mass Cl2
Moles Cl2 = 130.0 grams / 70.9 g/mol
Moles Cl2 = 1.834 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles
For 1 mol Cl2 we need 3 moles F2 to produce 2 moles ClF3
For 1.834 moles Cl2 e'll have 2*1.834 = 3.668 moles ClF3
Step 5: Calculate mass ClF3
Mass ClF3 = Moles ClF3 * molar mass ClF3
Mass ClF3 = 3.668 moles * 92.448 g/mol
Mass ClF3 = 339.10 grams ClF3
Step 1: Data given
Mass of Cl2 = 3.50 grams
Molar mass F2 = 38.00 g/mol
Molar mass ClF3 = 92.448 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
Cl2 + 3F2 → 2ClF3
Step 3: Calculate moles Cl2
Moles Cl2 = Mass Cl2 / molar mass Cl2
Moles Cl2 = 3.50 grams / 70.9 g/mol
Moles Cl2 = 0.0494 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles F2
For 1 mol Cl2 we need 3 moles F2
For 0.0494 moles we need 3*0.0494 = 0.1482 moles
Step 5: Calculate mass F2
Mass F2 = moles F2 * molar mass F2
Mass F2 = 0.1482 moles * 38.00 g/mol
Mass F2 = 5.63 grams F2
Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radius: Ba, Sn, S, Pb, and As. Rank elements from largest to smallest.
Answer:
Ba>Sn>Pb>As>S
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we can write the atomic radius for the given elements:
[tex]r_{Ba}=268pm\\r_{Sn}=225pm\\r_{S}=100pm\\r_{Pb}=202pm\\r_{As}=185pm[/tex]
In such a way, the required order is:
Ba>Sn>Pb>As>S
This is also in agreement as a periodic trend which states that the higher the period, the higher the radius.
Regards.
How are electrons arranged in molecules of compounds
Answer:
The electrons in an atom move around the nucleus in specific regions called electron shells. Every electron shell can just contain a specific number of electrons. The manner in which the electrons are arranged in an iota is known as the atom's electronic structure or electronic configuration of the specific atom.
Atoms or molecules are arranged in molecular compounds in set proportions by forming bonds, where outer shell valence electrons from each atom are shared between two same or different atoms of the compound.
1. Determine whether the following hydroxide ion concentrations ([OH−]) correspond to acidic, basic, or neutral solutions by estimating their corresponding hydronium ion concentrations ([H3O+] using the ion product constant of water (Kw).
Kw = [H3O+][OH−] = [1×10−7 M][1×10−7 M] = 1×10−14 M
Hydronium ion concentration [H3O+] Solution condition
Greater than 1×10−7 M Acidic
Equal to 1×10−7 M Neutral
Less than 1×10−7 M Basic
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
1. [OH−] = 6×10−12 M
2. [OH−] = 9×10−9 M
3. [OH−] = 8×10−10 M
4. [OH−] = 7×10−13 M
5. [OH−] = 2×10−2 M
6. [OH−] = 9×10−4 M
7. [OH−] = 5×10−5 M
8. [OH−] = 1×10−7 M
A. Acidic
B. Neutral
C. Basic
2. A solution has [H3O+] = 5.2×10−5M . Use the ion product constant of water
Kw=[H3O+][OH−]
to find the [OH−] of the solution.
3. A solution has [OH−] = 2.7×10−2M . Use the ion product constant of water
Kw=[H3O+][OH−]
to find the [H3O+] of the solution.
Answer:
Question 1.
1. [OH−] = 6×10−12 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
2. [OH−] = 9×10−9 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
3. [OH−] = 8×10−10 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
4. [OH−] = 7×10−13 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
5. [OH−] = 2×10−2 M is greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is basic.
6. [OH−] = 9×10−4 M is greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is basic.
7. [OH−] = 5×10−5 M is greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is basic.
8. [OH−] = 1×10−7 M is equal to 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is neutral
Question 2:
[OH⁻] = 1.92 * 10⁻⁸ M
Question 3:
[H₃O⁺] = 3.70 * 10⁻¹¹ M
Explanation:
The ion product constant of water Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M² is a constant which gives the product of the concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions of dissociated pure water. The concentrations of the two ions are both equal to 1 * 10⁻⁷ in pure water.
A solution that has [OH⁻] greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷ is basic while one with [OH⁻] less than 1 * 10⁻⁷ is acidic.
1. [OH−] = 6×10−12 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
2. [OH−] = 9×10−9 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
3. [OH−] = 8×10−10 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
4. [OH−] = 7×10−13 M is less than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is acidic.
5. [OH−] = 2×10−2 M is greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is basic.
6. [OH−] = 9×10−4 M is greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is basic.
7. [OH−] = 5×10−5 M is greater than 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is basic.
8. [OH−] = 1×10−7 M is equal to 1 * 10⁻⁷, therefore is neutral
Question 2:
Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²/ [H₃O⁺]
[OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²/5.2*10⁻⁵ M
[OH⁻] = 1.92 * 10⁻⁸ M
Question 3:
Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴
[H₃O⁺] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²/ [OH⁻]
[H₃O⁺] = 1 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²/ 2.7 * 10⁻² M
[H₃O⁺] = 3.70 * 10⁻¹¹ M
The partial Lewis structure that follows is for a hydrocarbon molecule. In the full Lewis structure, each carbon atom satisfies the octet rule, and there are no unshared electron pairs in the molecule. The carbon-carbon bonds are labeled 1, 2, and 3.
A) How many hydrogen atoms are in the molecule?
B) Rank the carbon-carbon bonds in order of increasing bond length.
C) Which carbon-carbon bond is the strongest one?
Answer:
A) How many hydrogen atoms are in the molecule?