Interferons do not protect the cell that secrets them their role is in the synthesis of antiviral proteins they cause muscle aches, chills and fever. All of the given options are true about interferons.
A collection of signaling proteins known as interferons are produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of certain viruses. Typically, a virus-infected cell will release interferons, boosting the antiviral defenses of neighboring cells.
Initially, interferons were thought to be an antiviral substance that prevented viral replication in mammalian cells. They are released by infected cells, where they stimulate the innate immune system's production of cytokines as well as natural killer cell activity and antigen presentation.
Interferon alfa-2a, alfa-2b, interferon beta-1a, beta-1b, and interferon gamma-1a are a few examples of pure interferon molecules.
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Biologists divide the biosphere into ______, which are the major types of ecosystems on earth.
The biosphere is divided into the major categories of ecosystems found on earth, according to biologists.
What criteria are used to categorize biomes?An place is categorized as a biome based on the species that call it home. Scientists can define a biome by defining the temperature range, soil type, amount of light, and water that are peculiar to a location and create niches for particular species.
What are the two primary categories for biomes?Deserts, woods, grasslands, savannas, tundra, and freshwater ecosystems are examples of biomes that fall under the categories of terrestrial and aquatic, respectively.
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9. hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin have been identified that correspond to what type of reactions?
However, hypersensitivity is its main side effect, which can cause nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urticaria, wheezing, laryngeal oedema, and finally cardiovascular collapse.
Any unfavorable immune system-induced reactions, such as allergies and autoimmune diseases, are referred to as hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitive reaction or intolerance). These reactions—often referred to as an immune system overreaction—can be harmful and painful. Contrast this immunologic phrase with the psychiatric term "hypersensitive," which refers to someone who may be abnormally sensitive to physical (such as sound, touch, light, etc.) and/or emotional stimuli in immune system. Despite the fact that there is a correlation between the two, research have shown that those with ADHD (a psychiatric disease) are more likely to also have hypersensitivity reactions.
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Which three statements correctly describe the roles of rna molecules in the process of transcription and translation in animal cells?.
Transcription is the process where mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template whereas translation is the process where an amino acid sequence is synthesized from mRNA.
What describes the role of RNA molecules in transcriptions and translation?Three statements that correctly describe the roles of RNA molecules in the process of transcription and translation in animal cells are:
mRNA molecules carry genetic information from gene in the nucleus to the ribosome in cytoplasm.
tRNA molecules carry appropriate amino acid to growing polypeptide.
Ribosomal RNA molecules functions in the assembly of the ribosome-mRNA complex and also in the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids in the growing polypeptide.
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during an excitatory postsynaptic potential (epsp), the postsynaptic membrane would most likely become more permeable to which of the following:
The membrane becomes more permeable to Na+ during an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). The correct option to this question is A.
When sodium channels open in response to a stimulus, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) takes place. As a result of the electrochemical gradient, sodium floods the cell. The membrane potential of the cell increases or depolarizes, when sodium introduces its positive charge into the cell.
Synaptic inputs called excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) depolarize the postsynaptic cell, bringing the membrane potential closer to the action potential threshold.
This makes the EPSP more likely to result in an action potential from the postsynaptic neuron, designating this synapse as excitatory.
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Complete question:
During an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), the postsynaptic membrane would most likely become more permeable to which of the following:
a) Na+.
b) K+.
c) Norepinephrine
d) Cl-.
e) Acetylcholine
Where are the mountains of South America located? What is the reason for those mountains?
Answer: Most mountains in South Africa are near the Coast. The reason for those mountains is for farming.
Explanation: I learned in AP World History that most of the people in South Africa plant crops on the mountain, so that is why I believe it is for farming.
The outermost membrane of a euglenid chloroplast is thought to have been derived from what part of an original host cell that engulfed a green alga?.
The digestive vacuole (DV) membrane of the host serves as the basis for the perialgal vacuole (PV) membrane that protects the symbiotic algae.
What served as the chloroplasts' point of origin?Chloroplasts were initially created in eukaryotes through the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium; they subsequently spread through host diversification and the eventual engulfment of eukaryotic algae by previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes.
Of these protists, which is thought to have originated after a secondary endosymbiosis?The hypothesis that chlorarachniophytes originated via secondary endosymbiosis is supported by a number of lines of evidence. Chlorarachniophytes are photosynthesis-capable because of the chloroplasts that remain inside the endosymbionts of green algae. A remnant nucleus is also present in the green algal endosymbiont.
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Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the Medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (Aida, 1921). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish. Specifically, fish with a dominant allele at both loci (B_R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus only (B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish with recessive alleles at both loci (bb rr) are white. What results would you expect if you crossed a homozygous red fish with a homozygous blue fish and then backcrossed the Fi with a homozygous red parental fish? The Fı generation is BB RR OB_R Bb Rr The F2 generation is Brown Red genotypes Bb Rr bb Rr Answer Bank Bb RR bb RR BB RR Bb RT bb Rr BB Rr Incorrect
Backcross offspring received recessive alleles b and r. The alleles received from the other parent thus determine their phenotype:
Brown fish are referred to as Bb Rr, blue fish as Bb rr, red fish as bb Rr, and white fish as bb rr.
b. We anticipate a 1:1:1:1 phenotype ratio.
We cannot reject the hypothesis because df = 4 - 1 = 3; 0.9 p 0.975.
c. A homozygous red fish is bb RR crossed to b and r. All descendants would be bb Rr, or red fish.
d. Red fish bb RR homozygous + blue fish BB rr homozygous
F1 will be all brown because Bb Rr was backcrossed to Bb RR (homozygous red parent)
Backcross progeny will be distributed equally. Bb Rr (brown); Bb Rr (brown).
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is an ecosystem conservation strategy that seeks specifically to monitor and meet the needs of a suite of species in an attempt to keep the ecosystem fully functional for all species that live there.
Landscape conservation is an ecosystem conservation strategy that seeks specifically to monitor and meet the needs of a suite of species in an attempt to keep the ecosystem fully functional for all species that live there.
What is ecosystem conservation?Ecosystem conservаtion is а comprehensive plаn thаt seeks to mаintаin аll species of plаnts аnd аnimаls in а geogrаphic аreа through the mаnаgement of nаturаl resources. Whereаs mаny types of conservаtion mаy focus on one аreа, such аs аir or wаter quаlity, conservаtion of аn entire ecosystem tаkes аll of it into аccount.
Our nаturаl lаndscаpes аre essentiаl, for cleаn wаter, heаlthy ecosystems, vibrаnt communities аnd economies, climаte resilience, culturаl heritаge, outdoor recreаtion, аnd locаl sense of plаce. Lаndscаpe conservаtion is аn аpproаch thаt brings people together аcross geogrаphies, sectors, аnd cultures to collаborаte on conserving our importаnt lаndscаpes аnd the myriаd ecologicаl, culturаl, аnd economic benefits they provide.
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which answer correctly compares the primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell with the functional mrna?which answer correctly compares the primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell with the functional mrna?the primary transcript is the same size as the mrnathe primary transcript and the mrna both contain intronsthe primary transcript is larger than the mrnathe primary transcript is smaller than the mrna
What is the relationship between the functional mRNA and the primary transcript found in the nucleus of a prokaryotic cell? The size of the mRNA and the main transcript is the same.
The DNA coding sequence contains a specific triplet of nucleotides known as AAA. Due to the close proximity of the ribosomes to the nascent mRNA molecules, translation of a transcript in prokaryotes starts before the transcript is finished. However, in eukaryotes, transcripts undergo nucleoplasmic modifications before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation. An average primary transcript made by RNA polymerase II is 7,000 nucleotides long, though some can reach 20,000 nucleotides in length, according to studies of these transcripts.
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Two hockey players are skating on a frozen pond. One skater falls through the ice into the water.
Explain how negative feedback can keep the skater who fell in alive. Explain how positive
feedback can provide physical assistance to the friend trying to save him.
The answers include the following below:
Negative feedback can keep the skater who fell in alive by the low temperature being regulated by an increase.Positive feedback can provide physical assistance to the friend trying to save him by the release of adrenaline to initiate fight/flight response.What is Feedback?This is defined as a response within a system that influences the continued productivity of that system and there are two types which are positive and negative feedback.
In this scenario, positive feedback can provide physical assistance to the friend trying to save him by the release of adrenaline which is a type of hormone responsible to initiate fight/flight response.
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low blood glucose is called , whereas high blood glucose is called . group of answer choices hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia hypoglycemia; polydipsia hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia metabolic syndrome; hyperglycemia
How wave properties change in different media?
Different materials have different densities. The speed at which the wave enters or leaves through a medium changes as well.
What is a wave components mentioned as ?It is divided into two parts where the first is called as crest which is the upper part and trough that is called the lower part which touches the wave axis.
Every material has a different density and different wave will have then the different medium of propagation. When the waves are moving from one material to another then the frequency is never changing but as they are moving into denser medium then it is slowing down.
Sound waves travels the lowest through the gases and the solids infact are a fast source of sound receiving.
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if a bacterium regenerates from an endospore that did not possess any of the plasmids that were contained in its original parent cell, the regenerated bacterium will probably also . a. lack a cell wall b. lack a chromosome c. lack antibiotic-resistant genes d. lack water in its cytoplasm
The bacterium regenerates from an endospore that lacks the plasmid contained in the original parent cell, the regenerating bacterium will probably also a.) lack a cell wall.
What is an endospore?Endospores are bacterial cells that have undergone differentiation to become more resistant to heat, harmful chemicals, radiation, and other conditions that can kill ordinary bacterial cells.
The function of the endospore in bacterial cells is as a survival structure (dormant structure). This thick-walled structure allows bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions.
For example, when environmental conditions change to be inappropriate and extreme (drought, very low or very high temperatures) or lack of nutrients.
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What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on earth?.
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
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red-green colorblindness in humans is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. a colorblind man marries a woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind. the couple has a son. what is the probability that he is colorblind?
1/4 or 25% will be the probability that the child born is colorblind when a colorblind man marries a normal vision woman.
The three distinct varieties of colorblind are anomalous trichromatism, dichromatism, and monochromatism. The inability to distinguish between the hues of red and green is a common symptom of colour blindness. For inherited colour blindness, there is no cure. Treating the underlying problem may be helpful if colorblind is brought on by another illness. Despite being seen as a minor impairment, colorblindness affects slightly less than 10% of all men, making this audience very large.
Simply put, probability measures how probable something is to occur. We can discuss the probabilities of various outcomes to determine how likely they are whenever we are uncertain about the result of an event. Statistics is the study of events subject to probability.
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Which statement is true about the DNA molecule during transcription?
Answer: D. Only a small area is open. Please pick brainliest.
Explanation:
in 1977, rafael guzamn, a mexican biologist, discovered a previously unknown wild relative of corn that is resistant to many of the viral disease that infect domestic corn. agriculturalists belief that crossbreeding the wild corn with domestic corn would improve current corn crops. in this case, which type of biodiversity is important?
in this case, genes type of biodiversity is important.
The research of genes, genetic mutation, and hereditary factors in organisms is known as genetics. It is an important branch of biology because heredity is essential to the evolution of organisms. Gregor Mendel, a Moorish Roman catholic friar operating in Brno in the mid-1800s, was the first person to perform science studies on genetics. Genetics has its roots in the development of evolutionary theories. Following Charles Darwin and Wallace's research, the origin of species and how species variability was developed in 1858.Biodiversity is the variety of daily existence which can be discovered in a particular region, such as living creatures, plants, microorganisms, and even microorganisms such as bacteria. Almost all of these species and microbes work collaboratively in ecologies to keep the balance and sustain life, similar to an intricate web.
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marfan syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, what is the frequency of heterozygote carriers for this disease
The particular symptoms and severity of Marfan syndrome vary widely between individuals. Marfan syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic.
which means that having the illness requires just one defective copy of the Marfan gene inherited from one parent. Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations or deletions (pathogenic variations) in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene.
The particular symptoms and severity of Marfan syndrome vary widely between individuals. Marfan syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic, which means that having the illness requires just one defective copy of the Marfan gene inherited from one parent.
Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations or deletions (pathogenic variations) in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene.
The number of individuals that are heterozygous. The frequency of heterozygous people is equivalent to 2pq. In this situation, 2pq equals 0.32, indicating that 32% of people are heterozygous for this gene (i.e. 2 (0.8)(0.2) = 0.32).
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what is the role of gastrin in the digestive system? a. to stimulate release of bile and pancreatic juice b. to stimulate gastric secretion c. to activate pepsinogen d. to hydrolyse proteins to polypeptides
The Correct answer is Option B
b. to stimulate gastric secretion
What is Gastric secretion ?
Protein digestion and the absorption of iron, calcium, and vitamin B12 are made easier by gastric acid. Additionally, it guards against intestinal infections such prion disease and bacterial overgrowth. Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease can develop when homeostatic processes fail because the volume and concentration of acid can overwhelm mucosal defenses. This article discusses new findings that help us understand how the central, peripheral, and intracellular levels of stomach acid secretion are regulated.
Afferent fibers in the vagus nerve carry sensory data from the stomach to the nucleus of the solitary tract. Vagal efferent neurons, which come from two different brain stem nuclei, get input from the solitary tract nucleus.
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Which scientific information most likely lead to school districts requiring vaccines?
Answer:
Explanation:
Scientific information that most likely lead to school districts requiring vaccines would be that vaccines prevent diseases and can improve a school’s safety.
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The human genome is about 650 times larger than that of e. Coli. What characteristics of the human genome are responsible for this difference?.
1,000 times larger size of the human genome than that of E. coli is not solely attributable to the fact that there are more genes in humans. Only about 25 times more genes exist in the human genome than in E. coli, which is thought to have about 100,000 genes.
The size of the Escherichia coli genome ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 Mb. It is unknown whether this variation is evenly distributed throughout the genome, concentrated at a small number of chromosomal loci, or found on plasmids. Additionally, little is known about the functional correlates of size variation across different genome copies.
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which of the following statements about cardiac cycle is right ? question 7 options: a) right atrium and right ventricle contract at the same time. b) left ventricle contracts after the contraction of right ventricle. c) left and right ventricles contract at the same time. d) left atrium and left ventricle contract at the same time.
The correct statement about the cardiac cycle is that the left and right ventricles contract at the same time.
The heart is a vital organ made of four chambers. The right and left sides of the heart are further separated into two chambers, located on either side of the cavity of the heart. The bottom chamber is known as a ventricle, and the upper chamber is known as an atrium (or auricle).
The ventricle is divided into left and right ventricles, and the auricle is divided into left and right auricles. The blood first flows into the auricle. At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, both the left and right auricles contract.
Then, the AV valves between the auricle and ventricle open, which allows blood into the ventricles. The left and right ventricles contract at the same time and open the semilunar valve to allow the blood to flow into the arteries.
Therefore, the correct option is option c).
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer: B. increase
Explanation:
Adaptation is what species do to survive or increase their survival rate.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of the:_______.
The peripheral nervous system is divided into two main parts: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) and Somatic nervous system (SNS).
The peripheral nervous system is one of two components that make up a bilateral animal's nervous system, the other being the central nervous system. The PNS is made up of nerves and ganglia that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord.
The two components are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is the site of information processing and control, whereas the PNS includes all nerves in the body that are connected to the CNS (brain and spinal cord).
The nerves and ganglia are peripheral nervous system organs. Nerves are made up of bundles of nerve fibers, just like muscles are made up of bundles of muscle fibers. Cranial and spinal nerves connect the CNS to peripheral organs like muscles and glands.
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The human eye is most sensitive to green light of wavelength 505 nm. Experiments have found that when people are kept in a dark room until their eyes adapt to the darkness, a single photon of green light will trigger receptor cells in the rods of the retina.
Due to the wavelength of green light activating two of the three different types of color receptors in the eye, green light is the color that human eyes are most sensitive to. With a wavelength of 555 nanometers, green light falls in the middle between long wave and medium wave light.
What effects does green have on your eyes?You staying calm
Some scientists and academics also think that because our eyes are most adept at detecting the wavelengths associated with the color green, the shade may have a calming effect on us. Our nervous system needs less effort to perceive the colors, so
Green is more sensitive, why?Due to the stimulation of two of the three types of cones, L and M, green light (555 nm) has the highest sensitivity to the eye.
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who conducted the x-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of dna? see concept 16.1 (page)
Rosalind Franklin is the person who conducted the x-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA.
DNA was fisrt identified by Friedrich Meischer in 1869 as an acidic substance present in nucleus.He named it as 'Nuclein'.DNA, abbreviation is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, organic chemical of complex molecular structure that is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in many viruses. Rosalind Franklin was actually x-ray crystallographer.Rosalind Franklin and Francis Wilkins studied the X-ray diffraction model of DNA to find out its structural properties.Crick and Watson discovered the double helix structure of DNA.
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in regulatory systems, the phenomenon of negative feedback group of answer choices is the least common type of feedback mechanism stimulates a return to set point. amplifies a response. disrupts homeostasis. destabilizes a system with runaway feedback.
In regulatory systems, the phenomenon of negative feedback stimulates a return toward the set point.
Negative remarks (or balancing remarks) happens while some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a way that has a tendency to lessen the fluctuations withinside the output, whether or not because of modifications withinside the enter or through different disturbances.
Whereas fantastic remarks has a tendency to result in instability via exponential growth, oscillation or chaotic behavior, terrible remarks usually promotes stability. Negative remarks has a tendency to sell a settling to equilibrium, and decreases the results of perturbations. Negative remarks loops wherein simply the proper quantity of correction is carried out with most reliable timing may be very stable, accurate, and responsive.
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which of the following is not an example of dysbiosis? choose one:a. increased amount of clostridioides difficile in the gut caused by antibiotic therapyb. gut microbes in the urinary tractc. bacteriocin-secreting e. coli in the gutd. methanogens in the gut that cause other microbes to
Increased amount of clostridioides difficile in the gut caused by antibiotic therapy is not an example of dysbiosis.
Dysbiosis is regularly described as an “imbalance” withinside the intestine microbial network this is related to disease. This imbalance can be because of the advantage or lack of network contributors or adjustments in relative abundance of microbes.The accelerated quantities of intracellular pathogenic micro organism reasons an imbalance withinside the intestine microbiota, this dysbiosis then can result in persistent inflammation, which will increase the threat of growing illnesses including IBD and may end up a carcinogenic environment.
Thus, the correct option is a.
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TRUE/FALSE. during facilitated diffusion, a given carrier protein can move a substance either into or out of the cell depending on its concentration gradient.
During facilitated diffusion, a given carrier protein can move a substance either into or out of the cell depending on its concentration gradient the statement is true.
What is diffusion?
The process of a substance's molecules moving over a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called diffusion.
What is concentration?
The capacity for concentration concentrating more precisely on a specific thing. All of that clamor is stealing my focus. a major itself or a specialization within a major in academia.
A specific carrier protein can transport a substance into or out of the cell depending on the gradient of the substance's concentration during assisted diffusion.
comprise the movement of substances along concentration gradients. protein. One carrier protein can bind and carry numerous different kinds of molecules.
Therefore, during facilitated diffusion, a given carrier protein can move a substance either into or out of the cell depending on its concentration gradient the statement is true.
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A manager at a pizza shop wants to start visually checking finished pizzas, but she doesn't have time to check every pizza. She decides to check a random pizza in the first 20 2020 made each day, and then check every 2 0 th 20 th 20, start superscript, start text, t, h, end text, end superscript pizza thereafter. What type of sample is this?.
The term "sampling" refers to a process used by researchers to gather or select information such as objects, observations, or people from a larger statistical population, particularly through the use of particular techniques.
the various sampling methods.
Researchers employ a variety of sampling techniques in statistics, some of which are as follows:
sample that is stratified.
random selection.
commoditized sampling.
group sampling
a methodical sampling.
A researcher gathers or selects data from a broader population using a systematic sampling technique, particularly by choosing an ordered (fixed) sample population at regular intervals, like the 20th pizza.
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